USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > Deerfield > History of Deerfield, Massachusetts: the times when the people by whom it was settled, unsettled and resettled, vol 2 > Part 13
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4th The town has but 1500 inhabitants part of them Baptists who claim exemption from the Ministers tax
[The expenses of two towns would burden both The head peti- tioner said he was] always willing to pay his ministers tax, but does not wish to pay 20 where he pays 8
5th Mutual taxation of non-residents land will lead to trouble, suspicions and discontent in assessing and Collecting taxes. Lastly, While those Zealously engaged for the division, hardly amount to one Eighth [of the whole, they are called upon to make ] an oppressive sacrifice and loss without any comparable benefit.
This was signed by Ebenezer Stebbins and thirty-two oth- ers whose names are alphabetically arranged :-
Allen, Asaph Caleb
Cobb, Marcus
Morton, Justin
Dumram, (?) Sylvanus Lewis
Ashley, Luther
Graves, Israel, Jr. Nims, Elisha
Boyden, Frederick
Harding, Abijah Ross, Calvin
Burnham, Reuben
Hawks, Seth .4 Samuel
Clap, Erastus
Hinckley, [Elijah ?] Sanderson, Israel
John
[Merrick ?] Smith, Joel
Seth
Loveland, Jona
Titus
Clark, Jedediah
Mack, Elisha
· Stebbins, Ebenezer
Clary, Elihu
Mitchel, Asaph Moses
[Another remonstrance ] We the Subscribers non-resident pro- prietors of land in the South part of said Town now petitioned to be sett off as a Town beg leave, on account of the great increase of taxes, and great inconvenience of paying them to two Separate Col- lectors, to protest against, and dissent to a division of said town.
Allen, Eliel Dickinson, Eliphalet Stebbins, Asa
Arms, Pliny
Hawks, Paul
Strong, H. Wright
Childs, Amzi
Quartus Williams, John
16 Amzi, Jr. Lyman, Augustus
Wright, Asahel
.6 Samuel
Nims, Seth Judah
The next move was for a division of the money raised on the ministerial tax. After hearing "the petition of Sundry Persons in the south part of the Town respecting the ministry taxes, voted to dismiss the article and the Petition men- tioned."
This petition was dated Feb. 25, 1809. Its request was to draw their proportional part of the ministry taxes from the town treasury "for the term of 3 years," to pay some preach- er they should regularly employ, claiming a "Right" under the 3d Article in the Bill of Rights to pay their money where they can "Conscienciously and Conveniently attend."
Childs, Samuel
William Russell, Zebina
796
MINISTERIAL AND MUNICIPAL.
" We are conscious in our own minds," they say, "of a very essential difference in opinion from the Rev Mr Willard on some of the most important doetrins of the Gospel, & con- sequently cannot derive that Instruction & Edification by at- tending on his Ministry we otherwise can." The petitioners were :-
Allis, Eber
Cooley, [Abner ? ]
Jewett, Reuben
Amsden, John
Azariah
Johnson, Asa
Anderson, Solomon William
Eli
McCall, Elihu
Russell Morris? John
Arms, Eliakim
Dickinson, Levi
". ? William
Eliakim, Jr.
Frary, Nathan
Rand, Aaron Richards, Bela
: Eliphas
Erastus
Hale, James
William
Barnard, Elihu
Ilawks, Asa
Tryon, William
Blodgett, Joseph Timothy
Waitstill
Whitney, Stephen
Clap, Elisha
Hubbard, Giles Joseph
Matters remained quiet on this field until 1817, when a movement was made for a territorial parish, which, after con- siderable trouble was arranged to mutual satisfaction.
Besides the measures already spoken of there were more successful attempts to disturb the south line of the town on other than theological grounds.
1789. Joseph Sanderson petitioned the town for its con- sent that he with his farm be set off to Conway. By votes April 2d and Dec. 3d the town voted " not to consent."
Nov. 15th, 1806, Thomas Sanderson, son of Joseph, Justin Morton and Ebenezer Barnard asked the consent of the town to be set off to Whately by these bounds :-
Beginning at Conway line at the northwest corner of No 16 in the Long Hill West Division, running east on the north line of said lot to the east end of Justin Mortons land then South to the South line of Capt William Tryons land, thence easterly on said line to the County road that leads from Deerfield to Hatfield, then South- erly on said road to the old dividing line between Deerfield and Whately.
1806. Dec. Ist, the town voted not to grant the request. Failing here the men appealed to a higher Court, and in January, 1808, sent a petition to the legislature asking to be set off to Whately by the above-named bounds. An order of notice was served on Deerfield and Whately for a hearing April 19th, 1808. In a warrant for a town meeting May 2d, Article I was,-
Elijah
Nathan, Jr.
Graves, Zebediah
Ephram
Barns, John
Elias
Zebina
797
IT MAY HAVE BEEN POLITICS.
To hear the petition of Thomas Sanderson and Justin Morton to the Gen. Court of this Commonwealth to be set off to the Town of Whately and the order of said Court thereon, and to take such measures respecting the same as they shall judge expedient.
Voted that John Williams Esq, Ephraim Williams Esq, Dr W. S. Williams be a Committee to draught a Remonstrance against the prayer of said Petitioners to be presented to the Gen. Court.
Voted that the Representatives from this town be instructed to oppose the prayer of said Petition in the Gen. Court and to present the Remonstrance.
1809. The petitioners do not give up so, and May 8th they make another petition to the town for its consent that they be "set off from the town of Deerfield in order that we may obtain an act of the Legislature of this Commonwealth to be annexed to the Town of Whately." They send the same petition to the General Court again, except that the line of division is defined as beginning "at Conway line at the northwest corner of Thomas Sandersons farm." "Ordered in the Senate June 9th, that an order of notice be served on both towns before the last Wednesday of the 2d Session of this General Court."
Dec. 9th, the town chose Dr. W. S. Williams, Ephraim Wil- liams Esq., and Maj. Epaphras Hoyt, a committee to remon- strate against granting the prayer of the petitioners, and the representatives were directed to use their influence against it. In spite of their influence, however, the deed was done by an act of March 5th, 1810. I have heard it said that " politics did it," but I have not made the connection. A new admin- istration came into power that year and Deerfield was on the wrong side, giving her vote for the unsuccessful candidate for governor. So there may be something in the story, that the votes on this territory would hold the balance of power in Whately and give that town to the administration.
1810, Dec. 3d, in town meeting :-
Art 8 to hear the Petition of Seth and Ebenezer Clark to have all their land Lying in this Town sett off from this Town and annexed to the Town of Conway.
Voted on the 8th Article to consent to the Annexation to Conway of all the Land in Deerfield which lies Southerly of the North Line of Lot Nº 16, in the Long Hill West Division, so called, and West of the West Line of a tract of Land which was set off from Deerfield and annexed to Whately by an act of the General Court passed on the fifth day of March last.
The Clarks petitioned the General Court to ratify this act.
79S
MINISTERIAL AND MUNICIPAL.
June HIth, 1811, the legislature granted their petition and added a lot of land in the tract set off to Whately the year before, and set the whole to Conway, and set another piece of Sanderson's land from Deerfield to Whately, knocking the town lines about hap hazard to suit the land owners.
To conclude these southwest corner migrations of lands from town to town, I add the following :-
[April 4th, 1814, in town meeting] voted that the Town will con- sent that all the lands in Deerfield lying Westerly and Southerly of the east & north line of the road leading from Whately to Conway, by Thomas Sandersons, should be set off from Deerfield & annexed to the Town of Whately.
The Ministerial Fund-The money received in 1760 for that part of the ministerial lot sold to " tradesmen " [sce ante, p. 200.] was of course devoted to the support of the ministry. That was doubtless the nucleus of the present " Ministerial Fund" belonging to the "First Congregational Society in Deerfield." I am unable to give a connected account of its increase and history, but will make a contribution towards it. Aug. 5th, 1775, by vote of the town, " David Sexton Esq, Lt Catlin, Maj. Dickinson Lt Barnard & Mr David Hoit, were appointed a Committee to devise Ways & Means, to Estab- lish a Fund for the Support of the Ministry in said Town, and to make report to sd Town." I hear nothing more of this matter until March ist, 1802. There was an article in the warrant for the town meeting :-
To determine whether the Interest of the Obligations in the Town Treasury, Sequestered for the use of the Ministry Shall be Annually put upon Interest until a sufficient fund shall be funded in addition to the Lands Sequestered for that purpose to pay the ministers Sal- ary.
Voted to make application for authority to take such action. "An Act authorizing the Town of Deerfield to loan the In- terest of Certain Monies in the Treasury of said Town," was the result of this application. In 1803, the town chose Dr. WV. S. Williams, Solomon Williams, Epaphras Hoyt, Asahel Wright, and Seth Nims, a committee to make the proper In- vestments of the Ministerial fund under this act. These men served until 1816, when they resigned.
There seems to have been other sums in the treasury de- voted to the same purpose and it being thought best to con-
799
LEGISLATIVE ACTION.
solidate this with what was already sequestered, the legisla- ture was again appealed to. Feb. 11th, 1807, an act was passed entitled, " An Act in addition to an Act Entitled an Act authorizing the Town of Deerfield to loan certain monies in the Treasury of said Town." April 6th, 1807, there was an article in the warrant for the town meeting,-
To determine whether they will Sequester a sum not exceeding $500, of any monies in the Town Treasury, in addition to the money already Sequestered in said. Town for the support of the Ministry, and on loan for the purpose of raising a Fund Sufficient to Support the Ministry of Deerfield, agreable to an Act of the General Court of this Commonwealth passed Feb 11 1807.
By a unanimous vote the town "determined " to do this.
A petition dated Jan. 30th, 1817, signed by forty-nine citi- zens of the south part of the town, was presented at the March meeting 1817. It prayed for the consent of the town that a "minister may be called and settled to preach among them " at such place as they may select, his salary to be paid from the town treasury. It was signed,-
Allis, Eber
Amsden, John Anderson, John .. William
Blodgett, Simeon Timothy
Hawks, William
Hubbard, Chester
Jewett, Reuben
Johnson, Asa
Arms, Dennis
66
Elijah
Elikim
Eliphaz
Cooley, Abner
Severance, Jesse
Erastus
6.
Eli
Smith, Parsons
66 Harry
Seth
Frary, Nathan
Stebbins, Ebenezer
.. Thomas
Graves, Samuel
Tryon, Lemuel William
Barnard, Elihu
William
Zebediah, Jr.
Billings, Ira
Hawks, Asa
..
Jesse
..
Silas
Timothy
Waitstill
Munn, Benjamin
Rufus
Russell, Amos
Clary, Elihu
Zebina
Russell
Sprague, Ephraim
Zebediah
Whitney, Stephen Williams, Artemus
March 4th, 1817, Negatived.
The next move is May 3d, 1817, in a petition of Abner Cooley and fifty-four others to the legislature for a territo- rial parish.
Bounded North by a line beginning at the South East corner of Lot No forty-four in the East Mountain Division so called on the West bank of Conn River, thence Westerly to a stake and stones on the top of the Mountam East of the Valley, thence westerly to a stake and stones in the fence in the east side of Simeon Childs home lot, on the West side of the road leading from Wapping Village so called to Sunderland, thence west ten degrees south to the South
Clap, Elisha Seth
Clark, Jedediah
800
MINISTERIAL AND MUNICIPAL.
West corner of Simeon Childs farm; thence westerly on the meadow fence to the County road leading from Deerfield to Hatfield at the north west corner of a farm lately owned by John Williams Esq de- ceased; thence southerly on said road last mentioned as far as the north line of John Amsdens home lot; thence West twenty seven degrees North fifty two rods; thence north fifty four degrees East twenty eight rods and five links to the North East corner of said Amsdens farm; thence north fifty two degrees West-one hundred and seventy six rods to the South East Corner of a Lot recorded to Samuel Dickinson; then Westerly to Conway line [to be called the ] South Parish in Deerfield-[They also ask for] their just propor- tion of all the Ministerial lands and monies funded for the use of the Ministry in Deerfield.
This dividing line might well be termed a theological line; it twisted and zigzagged to take in or leave out the land of men according to their affiliation. An order of notice on this petition was voted in the Senate, June 4th, 1817. A town meeting was held Dec. ist, 1817, when Ephraim Williams, Pliny Arms and Rufus Saxton were chosen a committee to present a Remonstrance to the General Court against grant- ing the petition for a territorial parish.
This committee drew up a long memorial, in which they say that while the petitions "assign as the principal, if not the only reason of their request" to be their distance from the place of worship, "it is a well known fact, which it would be in vain to attempt to conceal," that the real trouble lies in the fact that they are taxed to support a minister with whose doctrines they are dissatisfied. The committee represents that a similar condition of affairs would exist in the new ter- ritorial parish asked for, many there preferring to retain their connection with the old congregation.
To the request for a share of the Sequestered land, and Ministerial Fund, the memorialists object to giving up any of the lands, or funds arising from their sale in 1760, but are willing to concede a right in that part of the fund established by the legislative act of Feb. 11th, 1807. They say,-
There is now in the South part of the town, only the families of Arms, Frary & Stebbins, who were here at the time of the Seques- tration of the lands, none who shared in the perils & misfortunes of the first settlement, except those. Two of these are not petitioners. It was perhaps the exposedness of the town, which made it necessa- ry to create inducements for ministers to settle herc.
George Arms and Seth Nuns, town assessors, certify,-
801
THE SECOND CONGREGATIONAL PARISH.
That the total area of the town is 18832 acres; unimprovible 1643; Roads 370; water 520; improved & capable of improvement, 16299; of this, 1597 acres belong to the Baptists, nearly, if not all, north of the proposed line, -
which is exempt from levy for the ministerial tax. Abner Cooley and his fellow petitioners are taxed on 4193 acres ; non-petitioners on that territory are taxed on 3689 acres, by which it appears that the demand is far from general.
After many meetings and much discussion, a committee was chosen by the town to confer with a committee of the petitioners and report the result. The committee made a long report April 6th, 1818, that they had made the petition- ers, "three different propositions, either of which if acceeded to by the Town and the Petitioners," they believe to be an eligible method of settling the difficulty. At an adjourned meeting, May 4th, one of the propositions was accepted, and June 30th, 1818, the Second Congregational Society in Deer- field was organized at Bloody Brook; not on the territorial basis as asked for, but as a "Poll Parish." The Ministerial Fund was divided to mutual satisfaction. Money had occa- sionally been voted to hire preaching at Bloody Brook during the season of bad traveling, and President Timothy Dwight of Yale, then a young man, was employed to preach there be- fore the elose of the Revolutionary war. A meetinghouse was raised there July 12th, 1820, and dedicated Jan. 18, 1821. Further notice of the organization will be found later.
The Brick Meetinghouse. Feb. 17th, 1823, the town voted not to repair the old meetinghouse; "voted to build a new meetinghouse provided a sufficient sum be raised by sub- scription the subscribers to be reimbursed by the sale of pews & the old Meetinghouse." The house was to be placed near the old one unless some other suitable site be purchased " by voluntary subscriptions of individuals, somewhere on the Meetinghouse hill."
" Voted that the size of the Meetinghouse shall not exceed the size of the new Meetinghouse in Springfield lately erect- ed by Jonathan Dwight, Esq."
To buy a site for the new structure and so save the com- mon from a permanent incumbrance, forty men and one woman, Persis Sheldon, subscribed $530 and bought the site now occupied by the brick meetinghouse. The business
802
MINISTERIAL AND MUNICIPAL.
was pushed at once, Asa Stebbins, William Russell, Pliny Arms, Orlando Ware and Quartus Hawks were appointed a building committee with ample powers. A guarantee fund was provided to carry on the work by the following named citizens, the money to be refunded through a sale of pews :-
Asaph Allen,
80
Seth Nims,
$120
Christopher T. Arms,
60
William Russell,
500
Pliny Arms,
120
Asa Stebbins,
500
Samuel Catlin,
75
Orlando Ware,
500
Thomas W. Dickinson,
120
Samuel Willard,
150
Aaron Fuller,
50
Ebenezer II. Williams.
500
John Hawks,
100
Ephraim Williams,
500
Quartus Hawks,
500
Ralph Williams,
So
Zur Hawks,
50
Solomon Williams,
120
Charles Hitchcock,
30
John Wilson,
100
Augustus Lyman,
75
Asahel Wright,
50
Edwin Nims,
60 Judah Wright,
60
Some idea of the substantial character of the house they built may be gained from one bill of timber furnished by Samuel Moore of Warwick. It contained sixty-five pieces of "Good Sound white pine timber, hewed in a workmanlike manner, suitable to the erection of a Meetinghouse." Among these were,-
8 sticks, 46 feet long, 8 x 8, 5
58
13 × 9,
1
55
12 X IO,
2
66
IO X 8,
4
56
12 X 10,
4
66
8 × 8,
2
56
12 X 12,
2
58
12 X 12.
The transportation problem I will not attempt to solve. The price, delivered, was "ten dollars for every hundred cubic foot of said timber."
The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies June ist, 1824. Under it was put a brief relation of the set- tlement of the town with notice of the former meeting- houses, and settled ministers, prepared by Col. Elihu Hoyt. By means of this paper the exact site of the meetinghouse of 1729 can be determined. The new edifice was raised July 24th and was dedicated Dec. 22d, 1824, Mr. Willard preaching a sermon on the occasion. There were one hundred pews. On the lower floor seventy-eight were appraised at $6,034; seven were reserved for the needy, the rest sold at auction for $6,068.88. In the gallery were twenty-two pews appraised at $782; three were reserved, the rest brought $818. March Ist, 1731, the town voted to purchase a brass cock and balls for the meetinghouse, not to exceed in price £20. Jonathan Hoyt was chosen a committee to procure it. The cock was renovat-
803
DR. WILLARD RETIRES.
ed when the meetinghouse was repaired in 1768, by "guilding, rectifying Bruisies, and fixing new Globe eyes." In 1824, with feathers newly dressed, the old watchman was again restored to his accustomed perch, where he still remains keep- ing watch and ward over the shifting wind, having seen the generations of men come and go for more than one hundred and sixty years.
The completed structure was of brick, with a graceful spire of wood, finely fitting its location. It stands to-day, as it stood the day the workmen ceased from their labors, with an air of sturdy independence and strength, well befitting the generation of its builders.
Mr. Williams, our first minister, put his heart and his work into the building of a new meetinghouse in 1729, but he nev- er beheld the completed work of his hands, nor did his third successor, Mr. Willard, ever see with bodily eyes the next meetinghouse, built in 1824, which he had been so instru- mental in projecting. He had gradually lost the use of his eyes, until in 1819 he became totally blind. This, however, did not prevent satisfactory parochial work, which he contin- ued until 1829. After a short residence in Hingham he came back to the scene of his labors, where he died Oct. 8th, 1859, aged eighty-three. From the first Mr. Willard took an active part in the affairs of the town, and his influence was widely felt in social, literary, agricultural and horticultural affairs. To his inspiration and aid, Deerfield is largely indebted for her beautiful shade trees of which we are all so proud. Long may they wave in memory of the grand old man !
Ministerially speaking, Mr. Willard's lines were not cast in altogether pleasant places, but it is neither pleasant nor prof- itable to dwell upon the bigotry and bitterness of the sur- rounding congregational clergy towards the intruder. Suf- fice it to say, he lived down their personal enmity, and some became warm friends, although his stride beyond their nar- row limits could never be forgiven. Mr. Willard engaged heartily in the reforms of the day, was early and outspoken in the temperance cause ; and the anti-slavery movement had few warmer or more practical advocates. He was deeply in- terested in educational matters, and took an active part in caring for the schools; he wrote many books for school use; one series of four was widely adopted, and passed through
804
MINISTERIAL AND MUNICIPAL.
many editions. He had rare musical talent ; he wrote and published hundreds of hymns, and at least one musical note book. His miscellaneous writings were many and to the last he kept in touch with the affairs of the town and nation.
Ministerial, after Dr. Willard. Rev. John Fessenden was the fifth pastor of the First Church. After preaching about two months, he was given a call March 24th, 1830; with a salary of "200 pounds Annually." He sent his letter of ac- ceptance April 17th and was ordained May 19th, 1830; the sermon was by Rev. Charles Lowell of Boston. The new minister was a graduate of Harvard in 1818, of the Cambridge Theological school in 1821, tutor at Harvard 1825-27. He was a man of scholarly attainments, and his sermons were better adapted to the learned than to common people. He was singularly gifted in public prayer, which inspired his hearers more than his sermons. At a parish meeting Feb. ist, 1840, upon a question of vital interest to Mr. Fessenden, the vote was a tie, and on the 5th he sent in his resignation. Hle removed to Dedham and engaged in teaching. In 1835 he preached a sermon before a party of Indians from Canada, who claimed to be descendants of the captive, Eunice Wil- liams, and who were on a visit to the graves of her father and mother. This sermon was published.
After hearing many candidates, Daniel B. Parkhurst was given a call May 10th, 1841. His letter of acceptance was received June 6th, and he was ordained July 21st, 1841. He was born Feb. 20th, 1818, and was the son of Dr. William Parkhurst of Petersham. He was two years at Amherst col- lege and two years at Yale, where he was graduated in 1836; he finished his studies at the Cambridge Divinity school. His life of rare promise was cut short by consumption; he preached only nine sermons and died at Keene, N. H., where he was under medical treatment, Feb. 16th, 1842. James Blodgett, a graduate of Harvard, 1841, and of the Theologi- cal school there in 1843, was the next minister. He was ordained Jan. 17th, 1844. His health failed ; he lost his voice and was dismissed June 16th, 1845. He removed to Lexing- ton, where he died July 11th, 1845, leaving a widowed bride, who followed him just three months later.
John Farwell Moors, born in Groton, Dec. 10th, 1819, was the eighth pastor of the First Church ; he was a graduate of
S05
TWO MINISTERS UNDER THE FLAG.
Harvard, 1842, and of the Divinity school in 1845. From there he came directly to Deerfield, where he was ordained Jan. 28th, 1846. After a successful ministry of fourteen years he was dismissed April 9th, 1860; on the 23d he was installed over the Third Congregational society in Green- field ; was chaplain to the 52d Mass. Vols., under Gen. Banks, in the Louisiana campaign, 1863, and in later years wrote the history of that regiment. He returned with his regiment after the capture of Port Hudson, July 8th, 1863. Representative from Greenfield, 1874, senator from Franklin county, 1877, and made D. D. in 1884.
Mr. Moors was dismissed from his charge at Greenfield, in 1884, to assume a wider field of labor as superintendent of the missionary work of the American Unitarian Association of New England. This work he resigned and returned to Greenfield in 1893, where he died, as these sheets are going through the press, Jan. 27th, 1895, which day rounded out the 49th year of his ministry.
James K. Hosmer, son of Rev. Dr. George Hosmer, was born in Northfield, Jan. 29th, 1834. He graduated at Har- vard in 1855; at Divinity school, Cambridge, in 1857. He was ordained Sept. 6th, 1860. In September, 1862, he enlist- ed in Co. D, 52d Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, which joined Gen. Banks's Louisiana Expedition. Declining a position in the military household of Gen. Banks, he was made corporal of the color-guard, and served through the campaign. He was in the actions of April 12th and 14th on the Teche, under Gen. Grover, and with him through the Red River Expedition, and at the siege and surrender of Port Hudson, July 8th, 1863. Mr. Hosmer was dismissed, Sept. 2d, 1866, to take a professorship in Antioch College. Profes- sor of the State University of Missouri 1888-92, when he be- came head of the Minneapolis library. He is author of " The Color Guard," 1864,-one of the most entertaining books which the Rebellion has brought forth; "The Thinking Bayonet," 1865; "A History of German Literature," 1879: "Story of the Jews," 1884; "Life of Samuel Adams," 1885 ; "Young Sir Henry Vane," 1888; "Short History of Anglo- Saxon Freedom," 1890; is now [1894] engaged upon a life of Gov. Thomas Hutchinson. He has also been a liberal con- tributor to papers and magazines.
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