USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Randolph > Randolph town reports 1920-1925 > Part 23
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Educational Interest
We feel it is only just to say that we have an efficient, capable teaching personnel.
If any parent feels that his child is not getting all he should out of the schools of Randolph, we do not hesi- tate to state our belief that the fault lies in the home; not in the school.
The teachers and superintendents are ever at the service of the home and parent. Any consideration, cri-
75
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
ticism or suggestions regarding school affairs will receive immediate and proper consideration from them.
Co-operation of the parents with the teachers and superintendent, interest in and knowledge of what is be- ing done in the schools on the part of parents, cannot fail to react in corresponding advantage to the pupils attend- ing the school. Conversely, lack of interest by the par- ents in the school and school work is too often reflected by lack of interest and indifference in children coming from these homes. The schools are doing all they can, but it is only a part-to the home we must look for the rest.
Respectfully submitted
JAMES F. KENNEDY, Chairman MARSHALL W. LEAVITT CHARLES R. KILEY
76
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
School Calendar, 1923-24
Elementary Schools, Grades I to VIII. · Open Jan. 2, 1923. Close Feb. 16th, 1923. Seven week period.
Vacation, one week.
Open Feb. 26, 1923, Close April 13, 1923. Seven week period.
Vacation, one week.
Open April 23, 1923, Close June 13, 1923. Eight week period.
Summer vacation.
Open Sept. 5, 1923, Close Dec. 21, 1923. Sixteen week period.
Vacation, one week.
Open Jan. 2, 1924, Close Feb. 15, 1924. Seven week period.
Vacation, one week.
Open Feb. 25, 1924, Close April 11, 1924. Seven week period.
High School
Open Jan. 2, 1923, Close March 23, 1923. Twelve week period.
Vacation, one week.
Open April 2, 1923, Close June 22, 1923. Twelve week period.
Summer vacation.
Open Sept. 5, 1923, Close Dec. 21, 1923. Sixteen week period.
Vacation, one week.
Open Jan. 2, 1924, Close March 21, 1924. Twelve week period.
Vacation, one week.
77
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Holidays
Feb. 12th. Feb. 22nd. April 19th. May 30th. Oct. 12th. Thanksgiving Day and Friday, Nov. 29th and 30th. No School Signals
7:15 A. M. No session all day for the High School and 7th and 8th grades.
8:00 A. M. No A. M. session for the first six grades.
11:30 A. M. No afternoon session for the first six grades.
School Expenses 1922
Rec'd General Appropriation and Reim- bursement
$58,277.81
Paid General Expense
$4,534.44
No. Randolph School
6,151.45
Fuel
2,631.51
Stetson High School
10,432.50
Teaching
23,589.84
Books and Supplies
3,036.01
Transportation
2,835.00
Care of Rooms
2,690.72
School Nurse
1,009.75
Supt. of Schools
1,090.72
School Physician
100.00
78
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
School Committee
300.00
$58,401.94
Overdrawn
124.13
$58,277.81
General Expense
American Radiator Co. . .
$ 3.10
American Railway Express ..
12.17
Atlantic Clock Co. 30.33
Avon School Dept.
28.29
Office Appliance Co.
16.89
Anchor Post Works
198.00
E. E. Babb Co.
47.63
M. S. Butler
25.00
C. E. Bolge Co.
11.33
Brown Howland Co.
3.50
Helen M. Brady
1.00
Joseph Breck and Son
6.75
Brockton Gas Light Co.
16.90
Brockton Typewriter Co.
140.00
Boston Regalia Co.
9.55
Copen & Lane
96.90
Chandler & Barber
10.02
Clark Service Co.
19.90
Cartwright & Hurley
26.58
Henry Campbell
9.00
Richard P. Condon
84.00
Commissioner of Public Safety
10.00
A. O. Christiansen
166.90
Dexter Clark
11.00
Dowling School Supply Co.
96.55
Russell C. Dodge
4.00
Frank Diauto
10.17
79
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Mrs. Geo. Eddy
.45
Jos. Fardy
13.40
John Finley
15.00
H. S. Faunce
15.00
Geo. Faunce
8.70
Jos. T. Flannelly
10.00
Lester Green
29.00
Gregg Publishing Co.
24.57
E. F. Gould
221.00
F. W. Hayden
51.32
A. C. Hall
245.50
Holbrook School Dept.
10.54
Frank W. Harris.
41.71
Stephen J. Hart
6.00
Walter L. Hickey
79.46
Fred Heirtz
3.60
Jas. J. Hoye
4.00
Houghton Mifflin Co.
25.72
B. F. Hayden
6.00
Carl P. Jorgensen
93.50
Kenney Bros. & Wolkins
5.13
Jas. F. Kennedy
8.00
F. A. Leighton
20.35
Benj. J. Mann
384.77
Lawrence McNulty
78.40
H. W. MacCauley
135.03
Milton Bradley Co.
.72
Bernard Moore
33.00
John B. O'Neil
25.00
Jas. Milligan 18.00
Wm. H. Mahady
35.20
Edward Murphy
55.00
Measury Young Co.
17.05
E. L. McAuliffe
5.60
80
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
Norfolk Heating Co.
126.25
N. E. Tel. & Tel. Co.
5.53
R. E. O'Brien
410.41
Mrs. E. A. Powderly
2.00
Chas. R. Powers, Jr.
3.00
Sidney H. C. Perrow
5.45
Alfred Pepper
1.50
Geo. Roel
19.00
L. Richmond & Co.
247.66
R. & H. Pr. and Elec. Co.
158.57
Randolph Grange
10.00
H. W. Robinson Carpet Co.
135.10
M. T. Reid
145.00
Chas. O. Ruddy
2.00
Patrick Ryan
76.45
Standard Plate Glass Co.
1.17
Doris Teed
6.00
Charles H. Truelson
9.00
Frank Tileston
76.17
A. L. Task
50
Gordon Teed
3.00
Wm. Whitecross
26.00
Ellen P. Henry
47.50
Mae L. Lundergon
47.50
Chas. O. Ruddy
142.50
$4,534.44
North Randolph School
Benj. J. Mann
$5,846.00
J. R. McCoole
250.00
Hartley L. White
48.00
Wm. F. Whitecross
3.00
81
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Dwight W. Boyd 4.45
$6,151.45
Fuel
Frank Diauto
$1,153.44
P. Cordingly
21.00
M. E. Leahy
1,383.44
C. E. Soule
28.00
Jos. T. Flannely
11.00
Edwin C. Soule
34.63
$2,631.51
Stetson High School
Frederick E. Chapin
$2,000.00
Hubert Powderly
1,560.00
Catherine Green
1,400.00
Winnifred Brennan
1,400.00
Marie Allen
1,400.00
Marion Hutchins
1,340.00
Herman Richter
560.00
Marjory Crawley
552.50
Leslie Paull
220.00
$10,432.50
Teaching
Chas. O. Ruddy
$1,700.12
Russell C. Dodge
1,700.12
Mrs. E. A. Powderly
1,200.04
Mary F. Forrest
1,200.04
Grace M. Gilligan
1,149.88
Clara A. Tolman
1,149.88
Rachael C. McMahon
1,149.88
Hannah F. Hoye ·
1,149.88
82
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
Katherine E. Sheridan
1,149.88
Mary E. Wrenn
1,149.88
Kitty R. Molloy
1,149.88
Ellen P. Henry
1,149.88
Mae L. Lundergon
1,149.88
Ellen E. Mclaughlin
1,149.88
Fannie E. Campbell
1,149.88
Mrs. Elizabeth Lyons
1,031.84
Virginia Murphy
1.031.81
Mary O'Brien
956.60
Florence Caples
452.80
Anna Lindsey
421.12
Eleanor M. Kiely
348.24
Anna Sheehan
198.40
Rose G. Hand
700.00
$23,589.84
Books and Supplies
American Book Co.
$ 78.80
E. E. Babb Co.
1,157.19
Oliver Ditson Co.
32.14
Robt. Burlen & Son
3.50
L. E. Knott Apparatus Co.
16.50
Hunter Stationery Co.
2.60
H. E. Bowen Co.
11.55
Silver Burdett Co.
8.83
Benj. H. Sanborn
94.69
Frederick E. Chapin
56.60
Ginn & Co. . 296.38
D. C. Heath & Co.
11.98
Houghton Mifflin Co.
9.01
Dowling School Supply Co. ..
575.07
Kenney Bros. & Wolkins
419.29
Gregg Publishing Co.
1.58
Remington Typewriter Co. ..
200.00
83
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Edwin M. Mann 58.00
$3,036.01
Transportation
Stephen J. Hart
$1,035.00
East. Mass. St. R. R. 1,800.00
$2,835.00
Care of Rooms
Wm. Mahady $ 825.24
Richard Condon
825.24
Frank Tileston
550.24
Mrs. Geo. Eddy
180.00
Hiram Faunce
120.00
Fred Heirtz
110.00
John Finly
80.00
$2,690.72
School Nurse
Grace M. Dorr 989.00
Warren Pharmacy
7.45
W. L. Hickey 7.00
S. S. White
6.30
Supt. of Schools
A. O. Christiansen $1,090.72
School Physician
Dr. Geo. V. Higgins $ 100.00 School Committee
Jas. F. Kennedy $ 100.00
Marshall W. Leavitt 100.00
Charles R. Kiley
100.00
$1.009.75
$300.00
84
.
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
To the School Committee of Randolph :
I hereby submit my second annual report of the public schools of Randolph.
Special attention has been paid to the recommenda- tions of last year. Through your cooperation and sup- port it has been possible for us to make substantial gains in the kind and quality of work done in arithmetic and spelling. The crowded condition in the schools, however, has done much to discourage even greater results. Tests and grading are valueless without facilities to take care of our results when we find them. Nevertheless teachers have obtained results and have shown deep interest and cooperation in the work accomplished this year.
Building Program
Through your untiring efforts and presentation to the people of the town, the new two-room school building in North Randolph was made possible. It has for the time being relieved a most serious congestion in a few of our school rooms. The building and class rooms there represent the very best which the town now possesses. The seating capacity is 90 and the present enrollments 85.
Your committee is now at work on the proposed enlargement of the high school to accommodate both the senior and junior departments. The growth of the school enrollment is now generally known but repeated here to show the gradual increases for the last five years.
85
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
ENROLLMENT FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS.
1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23
Grade
I
104
132
140
144
120
II
73
89
94
111
128
III
91
86
92
102
113
IV
93
92
98
97
106
V
81
90
92
101
90
VI
93
80
87
93
116
VII
98
81
74
88
92
VIII
81
76
82
72
89
IX
61
57
61
82
6S
X
38
45
18
39
55
XI
27
27
28
34
39
XII
22
19
16
27
35
Total Elem.
714
726
759
808
854
H. S.
148
148
156
182
197
Total
862
874
915
03C
1051
The building program in this or any community call- not be treated as a separate entirety but must be studied from the point of view of the school system as a whole. It is not enough to consider what is good for one class or one group but what will serve the greater number of our school children throughout the town. Such a plan is here proposed for it would distribute our best educa- tional opportunities over six instead of four grades and likewise spread the initial cost and investment over as many grades.
The Proposed Plan
The following plan is a development and improve- ment of the recommendation of last year and will include, in part, what was then stated :
A. Present facilities.
1. High School, Brick material. Six crowded class rooms, a small inadequate science room, type-
86
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
writing room and assembly room. Sufficient ground for building purposes. Athletic field. Centrally located.
2. Grade School. Two wooden buildings housing two eighth grades and two seventh grades. Two of these rooms are large and overcrowded and two are half-rooms, all poorly lighted. Inade- quate grounds for building extention. No ath- letic facilities.
Results. Three separate school unites for only six grades. Little correlation of work and aims. Holding power of these six grades after pupils attain the fourteenth year, 52 per cent.
B. Factors which must be taken into consideration in the proposed school extention.
1. Increasing school attendance.
2. Present State and Federal legislation proposing to raise the compulsory school age. Child labor in Massachusetts now reaches the enormous total of 42,600 individuals under 16 years of age. The passing of such a bill would swell our enroll- ment even greater than is now anticipated.
3. The tendency, if not a necessity, to lengthen the school day from five to five and one-half or six hours, eliminating thereby home lessons.
4. Compulsory physical training.
5. The movement to raise college entrance require- ments.
6. The need of an adequate lunch room for pupils and teachers.
7. The need of a strong school to extend its services and facilities to the community.
C. The proposed plan and recommendations. 1. Build at least ten medium-sized class rooms to the present high school to accommodate the six
87
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
grades. The plan also includes an enlarged sci- ence and typewriting room and a small library; an assembly hall to seat 800 to 1000 people the same to be used as a gymnasium and basketball court ; nurse room, lunch room and shower baths.
D. Advantages. Educational.
1. It would provide superior instruction through departmental teaching for all six grades. Pro- motion would be by subjects and not grades. Classification and grading of abilities would be for the benefit of pupils. The plan would hold and assist the junior high school pupils over that sudden and dreaded step between the grammar and the high school by continued association and the introduction of subjects now confined to the high school. The hours of the two schools would be the same. More time could be given each pu- pil, more time to the arts, sciences, clubs, and kindred subjects all of which are known to vital- ize school work, and do more than the old plan toward making the pupil happy and more con- tented in school.
2. Economic.
A permanent school building which would not only relieve the congestion now and for the next eight years but could at any time in the future be again turned over to a regular senior high school without alteration. Both schools in the same building would be able to use certain units in common such as for example the auditorium, science laboratories, apparatus, lunch room, ath- letic field and gymnasium facilities. The cost of duplicating any or all of this equipment is here eliminated.
88
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
3. Social.
The school would become a distinct center for community activities. Its assembly hall, gym- nasium and separate shower baths would not alone be used by the school but by any and all of the local organizations of the town to whom this school also belongs. Such a school in the last analysis would be a distinct asset to the town and an investment as great and as influential for future growth as are its present churches, banks, business enterprises, stores and streets.
89
DISTRIBUTION OF PUPILS BY AGE AND GRADE 1922 BOYS AND GIRLS AGE
Grade
5
6
7|
8
9
10
) 11
12
13
14
15
16
|17 |18
19
21 and
Totals
over
1
1
87
38
14
3
1
144
2
2
59
42
4
2
111
3
2
26
51
12
9
2
102
4
11
45
27
10
2
2
97
5
7
38
29
18
8
1
101
6
93
7
1
18
35
20
13
1
88
8
17
27
19
7
2
72
9
6
23
31
16
6
82
10
1
7
18
11
1
1
39
11
12
13
8
1
34
12
2
13
7 1 3
1
27
1
89
99
93 110
92 115 101
91 | 75
55
46
16
5
1
990
Totals
11
47
21
10
4
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
1.
Pupils of normal age for their grades
No. %
who entered at 5 1-2 years of age, .. (Those left of the dark serrated line) .
567 57.3
2. 3 Pupils not necessarily over-age but who either entered later than the above group or who have begun to show signs of "slowing up" 285 28.8
(Those to the right of the serrated line but within the semi-dotted square.)
3. Pupils who are over-age one or more years 138 13.9
(Those to the right of the dotted line.)
Total 990 100%
Explanation of the Chart
The above chart is now generally used by school au- thorities everywhere to show at a glance the distribution of pupils by ages and grades throughout a school system. The State Department of Education called for such a chart last year. The above figures, however, pertain to the total enrollment for the years 1921-22 and not those of April 1, 1922, as called for by the state.
The Object
The object of the chart or graph is to show the prog- ress of the pupils from grade to grade and year to year. It is an aid to self-analysis. It shows in an undisputed way how our pupils are moving through the grades and how effectively our schools are serving the pupils by mak- ing this continuous movement possible. It, moreover, serves as a key or answer to the question, "Is the organi- zation, activities and conditions of our schools such as to produce the vest educational results possible ?" A glance at the chart would indicate that some disturbing factor
91
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
or factors have crept into the work somewhere because of the varying ages found in each grade. The fact that all pupils do not move through the grades at the same rate of speed indicates the presence of some disturbance which seriously hinders progress.
How to Read the Chart
The task of interpreting the arrangement of figures is not a difficult one.
1. The whole number of pupils in a given grade is distributed horizontally left to right according to age, with the total given in the column at the extreme right. Grade I, for example, has 144 pupils; one pupil between five and six years of age but not six and therefore re- corded under five; 87 under 6, 38 under 7, 14 under 8, 3 under 9 and 1 under 10.
2. The heavy serrated or step-like line indicates the normal line of distribution. It begins at Grade I at a point between the ages of five and six, that is, the five and one-half year point which is the entering age, and continues downward to the seventeen and one-half point which is the age at the end of the high school course, twelve years later.
3 The figures to the left of this heavy line indicate the number of pupils of normal age for their grade who entered at the age of five and one-half years.
4. The figures to the right of this line and within the semi-dotted squares indicate pupils who
(a) Entered the first grade a little older than the 512 year period and are therefore of normal age for their grade.
(b) Entered at 51/2 years of age but who, although now rated as of normal age, are beginning to show signs of slowing up in their work and the possibility of falling behind in their grade. Many of these pupils progress
92
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
with their grades but they constitute the first group of children who call for extra help in the class room.
5. The figures to the right and outside the dotted line indicate pupils who are over-age at least one year. These may be recorded as the second group of children who not only overtax and burden the teacher but who find the work a little too difficult to accomplish within the al- lotted time. Many of these individuals succeed satisfac- torily under special supervision and instruction while others again have begun to show a very slow if not a limited ability to progress.
6. The second and third figures to the right of the dotted line indicate pupils for whom the regular grade teacher can do little or nothing. They are over-age and retarded two or more years. They belong in a special class where work is graded according to their need and ability. Those who succeed or "make up" the work are readmitted to their proper grades.
Use of the Chart
Like all forms of tabulation and arrangements of figures this chart is not infallible but it has weight and significance and should cause the parent or guardian some concert as to
1. Where is my child located on the chart?
2. If found to the right of the heavy line, why is he there? What are the causes and what can be done to help that situation ?
Such questions and investigations by parents would be most welcome for they would be indicative of the best interest and co-operation not alone for the particular child but for the whole school system.
93
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Causes Which Hinder Promotion (In order of disturbing frequency)
Where the home may help
1. Irregular attendance.
2. Irregular and late hours of sleep. Children can- not do good work with less than nine to ten hours of sleep and rest daily.
3. Physical defects, such as adenoids, tonsils, poor cye sight, etc., which are easily remedied but sometimes negiccted.
4. Lack of proper concentration to work at school and at home perhaps due to the causes found in the sec- ond statement.
5. Laziness. It is not unreasonable to say that a healthy child is inva. iably the active and happy child both in play and in his work. That he is not so may be due or traced to causes found in statements 2, 3 or 6.
6. Malnutrition. With this must be added a small percentage of children who are found to be coffee and tea drinkers.
7. Physically and mentally unfit.
Where the School May Help
1. Overcrowded classes. Teachers should be re- lieved of classes numbering 50 to 60 pupils. In such classes the pace set by the majority often works disas- trously for the minority who may be slow but very faith- ful pupils.
2. Ungraded classes, that is, where three or four grades are assembled in one room and taught by one teacher within the time allottment of a single grade. Here individual attention to pupils is reduced to a mini- mum.
3. Lack of holding power of our schools particularly in the high school, where a 48 per cent loss of pupils is
94
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
noticeable between the 9th and 10th grades. This is un- doubtedly due to many of the pupils leaving school at the age of fourteen. Better facilities and accommodations which are now being planned by the School Committee. will do much to remedy this evil, and make our high school a stronger factor in our town.
Intermediate or Junior High School Department
This new department of our school work was intro- duced last Spring. The manner and enthusiasm with which the pupils and teachers entered upon this change deserve special commendation. No better example of co- operation and endeavor to render the best educational services to our pupils can be found anywhere than that found in our schools. Parents have been most sympa- thetic and have given every indication that they believe this division of our work will prove beneficial and an educational asset.
Work in the Lower Grades
It is earnestly hoped that with the readjustment of the school enrollment the teachers of the lower grades will be relieved of the over-sized classes which have been their allotment from year to year. Their work, however, has been most faithfully carried on under most trying conditions.
New Teachers
We are particularly fortunate in adding to our school faculty teachers of known experience and character.
Mr. Herman Richter, Science Department, High School.
Mrs. Florence Caples, North Randolph School.
Mrs. McGerrigle, North Randolph School.
Miss Anna Sheehan, Drawing Supervisor. Miss Anna Lindsey, Tower Hill School.
95
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Further details of the year's work may be found in the reports of the principal of the high school, supervis- ors of music and drawing and the school nurse.
I desire to thank the various organizations of the town for their interest and cooperation in our school work. Those having come under my immediate attention are the Randolph Grange, the Visiting Nurse Association, the Red Cross organization, the Teachers' Association, the Anti-Tuberculosis League, Library Association and the newly formed Parent-Teachers' Association.
May I likewise extend to you my appreciation of your cooperation and helpful assistance. What has been accomplished the past year that may be deserving of credit comes from you and our faithful teachers.
Respectfully submitted,
A. O. CHRISTIANSEN, Superintendent of Schools.
96
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
1
Perfect Attendance-Honor Pupils
GRADE I.
*Leroy Stewart, 1 Kenneth Holbrook, 1 Robert Thorne, 1 June MacDonald, 1
GRADE II.
Earl McDonald, 1
Albert Arneson, 1
Thayer Bacon, 1
Audrey Hart, 1
George Mann, 1
Henry Nodelli, 1
Emma Mann, 1
GRADE III.
Ruby Studley, 1 GRADE V.
Charles Bacon, 2
William Knight, 2
John Crowell, 1
Hugh Clifford, 1
George Collins, 1 Elizabeth Lyons, 1 Gertrude McAuley, 1
Ruth Anderson, 1
Emery Erickson, 1
Constance Grover, 1
Wilhelmina Callahan, 1 Ethel Cohen, 1 Antosa Dubinsky, 1 Lillian Yates, 1 Walter French, 1 Robert Thibeault, 1
07
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Grace Condon, 1 Margaret Scanlon, 1
GRADE VI.
Warren Claff, 2
William Dolan, 2
Mildred Condon, 1
Lauretta Pomeroy, 1
Margaret Riley, 1
Florence Blaney, 1 GRADE VII.
John O'Kane, 2 Eleanor Boyle, 1
Gertrude Gaynor, 1
*Figure to the right of the names indicates one or both school terms.
'18
TOWN OF RANDOLPH, MASS.
REPORT OF PRINCIPAL OF STETSON HIGH SCHOOL.
Trustees of Stetson High School :-
The graduation of the class of 1923 is not far away and we have begun to consider the nature of the gradua- tion exercises. The teachers of the school are in favor of exercises which meet the approval of the parents and others most interested. There are thirty-one members in the class-the largest number ever graduated from a four-year course in the history of the school. We would like to ascertain the wishes of parents in regard to hav- ing a limited number of the class take part in the grad- uation-or a large number, or all who so desire; or shall we try the plan of inviting a speaker to occupy an hour at the graduation ?
It seems desirable to free the pupil from all extra nervous strain at graduation. Let him approach the event as a time of reward when he may not be obliged to "earn his diploma" by some contribution to the program. That view is sound, and meets with favor in many places. With us, it is true that the majority of our pupils are anxious to have a part in the program. We do not object at all to having our pupils wish to take part in the gradu- ation; on the contrary we think that it shows a right spirit. Now suppose that thirty-one pupils have a part in the exercises. Could the program be arranged so as not to be too long? Would it be a dignified program for a high school graduation ? Suppose ten pupils are select- ed ; even that number is large, and care must be taken, or the length of the exercises will make the graduation fail to interest the audience as it ought.
How are we to select our pupils who are to take part?
99
EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Shall they in some cases be elected by the class or shall the teachers name the participants? How can we avoid disappointment and jealousy? The Massachusetts State Board of Education strongly advises against giving grad- uation parts to pupils on the basis of ranks.
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