USA > Michigan > Michigan state gazetteer and business directory, 1881 Volume V (v.1) > Part 8
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Summit City, Grand Traverse Co, T C br G R & IR R. Exp Am. Summitville, Lake Co, F & P M Ry. Exp Am.
Sumner, Gratiot Co, ship to Riverdale, on CS & CR R. Exp Am.
Sunfield, Eaton Co, ship to Portland, on D, L &N RR. Exp Am.
Sutton's Bay, Lcelenaw Co, ship to Traverse City, on G R & I R R, or by water. Exp U S.
Swartz Creek (Hamilton), Genesee Co, C & G T Ry. Exp Am.
Sweetland, Mason Co, F & P M Ry. Exp Am.
Sweet's Bridge, Manistee Co, ship to Manistee.
Sweet's Station, Muskegon Co. C & W MR R. Exp Am.
Sylvan, Washtenaw Co, ship to Chelsea, on M C R.R. Exp Am.
Sylvester, Mecosta Co, ship to Morley, ou G R & IR R. Exp U S.
Tallmadge, Ottawa Co, ship to Berlin, on D, G H & M Ry. Exp Am.
Tallman, Mason Co, F & P M Ry. Exp Anı.
Tawas City, Iosco Co, ship to Standish by rail or by water direct. Exp Am. and Holt's.
Taylor, Baraga Co, M, H & O R R. Exp Am.
Taylor Center, Wayne Co. ship to Dearborn, on M CR R. Exp Am.
Taymouth, Saginaw Co, ship to Birch Run, on F & P M Ry.
Tecumseh, Lenawee Co, Jackson br L S & M'S Ry. Exp U S.
Tekonsha, Calhoun Co, Air Line Div M CR R. Exp Am.
Terry Station, Bay Co, Mackinaw Div M C R R. Exp Am.
Texas, Kalamazoo Co, ship to Kalamazoo.
Thayer, Oakland Co, ship to Holly, on F & P Mand D, G H & M Ry. Exp Am. Thetford Center, Genesee Co. (See East Thetford.)
Thomas, Oakland Co, D & B CR R. Exp Am.
Thornton, St. Clair Co, C & GT Ry. Exp Am.
Thornville, Lapeer Co, ship to Metamora, on D & B CR R. Exp Am.
Three Lakes, Baraga Co, M. H & O R R. Exp Am.
Three Oaks, Berrien Co. M C R R. Exp Am.
Three Rivers, St Joseph Co, Kal Div L S & M S and Air Line MOR R. Exp US
Tilden, Marquette Co, ship to Negaunec, on C & N W and M. H &ORR. Exp Am
Tipton, Lenawee Co, ship to Tecumseh, on Jackson br L S & M'S Ry- Evp . S Tittabawassee, Saginaw Co. Saginaw Div M CR R. Exp Am.
Tompkins, Jackson Co, ship to Rives Junetion.
Torch Lake, Antrim Co, ship to Traverse City, on G R & IR R. Exp U' S.
Town Line, Berrien Co, C &W MR R. Exp Am.
Town Line, Wayne Co. (ve Yer.)
Traverse City, Grand Traverse Co, GR & IRR. ExpUs. Traverse Road. Newaygo Co. (See Wirdville)
Travis, Kalamazoo Co, GR &IR R. Exp US. Trent, Muskegon Co, ship to Casnovia, on G R. N &LSR R. Exp Am.
Trenton, Wayne Co. L S & M S and C'S Ry. Exp Am and U S. Trombley, Oakland Co. Trostville, Saginaw Co, ship to East Saginaw, on FP M Ry. Exp Am Troutdale, Charlevoix Co, ship to Petoskey.
45
AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Troy (Sawyer), Berrien Co. C & W .MR R. Exp Am. Troy. Oakland Co, ship to Birmingham, on D, G H & M Ry. Exp Am. Trufant, Montcalm Co. D L & N RR. Exp Am. Tuscola, Tuscola Co, ship to Vassar, on D & B CR R. Exp Am. Tustin, Osceola Co, GR &IR R. Exp U S. Twin Lake, Muskegon Co, B R br C & W MR R. Exp Am. Tyre, Sanilac Co, ship to Port Huron. Tyrone, Kent Co. (See Bull Creek.)
Tyrone, Livingston Co, ship to Fenton on D, G H & M Ry. Exp Am. I'lly (Pagett's Corners), Huron Co, ship to Minden, on P H & N W Ry. I'matilla, Wexford Co, ship to Cadillac, on G R & I R R. Exp U S. U'nadilla, Livingston Co, ship to Chelsea, on M C R R. Exp Am. Undine, Charlevoix Co, ship to Charlevoix.
Union, Cass Co, ship to Bristol, Ind, on. L S & M'S Ry. Exp U S. Union City, Air Line Div M CR R. Exp Am.
Union Home, Clinton Co, ship to St Johns, on D, G H & M Ry. Exp Am. Union Pier, Berrien Co, C & W MR R. Exp Am. L'nionville. Tuscola Co, ship to Caro, on Caro br D & B CR R. Exp Am. Urania, Washtenaw Co, T & A A R R. Exp Am.
Utica, Macomb Co, D & B CR R. Exp Am. Utica Plank, Macomb Co, G T Ry. Exp Canadian.
Vandalia, Cass Co, Air Line Div MI CR R. Exp Am.
VauDecar, Isabella Co, ship to Mount Pleasant, on S & Mt. PR R. Exp Am. Vanderbilt, Otsego Co, M Div M CR R. Exp Am.
VanHorn's, Jackson Co, G R Div and S Div M C R R. Exp Am.
Vassar, Tuscola Co, D & B CR R. Exp Am.
Ventura, Ottawa Co, ship to Holland, on C & W M and G H R R. Exp Am. Vermontville, Eaton Co, G R Div MI CR R. Exp Am. Vernon, Shiawassee Co, D. G H & M Ry. Exp Am.
Verona, Calhoun Co, ship to Battle Creek. Verona Mills. Huron Co. ship to Sand Beach, on P H & N W Ry. Exp Am. Vestaburgh, Montcalm Co, C. S & CR R. Exp Am. Vickeryville, Montcalm Co, ship to Sheridan, on Stanton br D. L & N RR. Exp Am. Vicksburgh, Kalamazoo Co, G R & I and C & G T Ry. Exp Am and U S. Victor, Clinton Co, ship to Laingsburgh. Exp Am.
Victory, Mason Co, ship to Amber, on F & P'M Ry. Exp Am. Vienna, Monroe Co. C S and L S & M'S Ry. Exp Am and U S. Vienna, Genesec Co. (See Pine Run.) Vincent, St Clair Co. ship to Port Huron.
Viola, Wexford Co, ship to Manton, on GR & IR R. Exp U S.
Vogel Center, Missankec Co, ship to Cadillac. on G R & I RR. Exp U.S. Volinia, Cass Co. ship to Decatur, on MI CR R. Exp At. Volney, Newaygo Co, ship to Alleyton ou B R br C & W MR R. Exp Am. Vriesland, Ottawa Co, C & W MR R. Exp Am. Vulcan, Menominee Co, M R br C & N W Ry. Exp Am. Wacedah, Menominee Co, C & N W Ry. Exp Am.
Waconsta, Clinton Co, ship to Lansing. Exp Am and U S.
Wade, Clare Co, ship to Clare on F & P M Ry. Exp Am.
Wagars, Montcalm Co, Stanton br D, LE NR R. Exp Am. Wahjamega, Tuscola Co, Caro br D, & B CR R. Exp Am. Wakelec, Cass Co, C & GT Ry. Exp Am. Wakeshina Center, Kalamazoo Co. (See Fulton.)
Waldenburgh, Macomb Co, ship to Mount Clemens, on G T Ry. Canadian Exp. Waldron, Hillsdale Co, ship to Hudson, on L S & M'S Ry. Exp U S. Wales. St. Clair Co, ship to Smith's Creek, on GT Ry. Exp Canadian. Wallace, Menomince Co, C & N W Ry. Exp Am. Wallaceville, Wayne Co, ship to Fishers, on D. L & N RR. Exp Am.
Walled Lake, Oakland Co, ship to Wixom, on F & PM Ry. Exp Am. Walton, Grand Traverse Co. on T Cl GR& IRR. ExpUs. Waltz, Wayne Co. F & PM By. Exp Am. Warner, Monroe Co, L S & M'S Ry. Exp US.
Warren, Macomb Co. D & BURR. Exp An. Warsaw, Lenawee Co. ship to Adrian. on LS & MS Ry. ExpUS. Wasepi, St. Joseph Co. GR & Land Air Line Dis MOR R Exp Am and I'S
46
MICHIGAN STATE GAZETTEER
Washington, Macomb Co, Mich Air Live R R. Exp Am. Waterford, Oakland Co. D. G H & M Ry. Exp Am. Waterford, Wayne Co. (Sce Mead's Millx. ) Waterloo, Jackson Co, ship to Francisco, on M C R R. Exp Am.
Watertown, Tuscola Co, ship to Columbiaville, on D & B CR R. Exp Am. Watervliet, Berrien Co, C & W MR R. Exp A.m.
Watkins, Washtenaw Co, D, H & S W R R. Exp Amn. Watrousville, Tuscola Co, Caro br D & B CR R. Exp Am. Watson Corners, Allegan Co, ship to Martin, on G R & IR R. Exp US. Waucedah, Menominee Co, MI R br C & N W Ry. Exp Am.
Waverly, Van Buren Co. ship to Paw Paw, on P P & T & SH R R. Exp Am. Wayland, Allegan Co, G R & IR R. Exp US. Wayne, Wayne Co, M C and F & P M Ry. Exp Am. Weare, Oceana Co, ship to Pentwater, on C & W MR R. Exp Am. Webbers, Ionia Co, D. L & NR R. Exp Am.
Webberville, Ingham Co. D, L & N RR. Exp Am.
Webster, Washtenaw Co, ship to Delhi, on M C R R. Exp Am. Welch, Ogemaw Co, Mackinaw Div M C R R. Exp Am. Weldon, Benzie Co, ship to Frankfort.
Weldon Creek, Mason Co, F & P M Ry. Exp Am. Wells, Bay Co, Mackinaw Div M C R R. Exp Am. . Wellsville, Lenawee Co. Monroe Div L S & M'S Ry. Exp U S. Wenona, Bay Co. (See West Bay City.)
West Bay City, Saginaw Div and Mackinaw Div M CR R. Exp Am. West Branch, Ogemaw Co, Mackinaw Div MC R R. Exp Am. West Campbell, Ionia Co, ship to Lowell, on D. G H & M Ry. Exp Amn. West Casco, Allegan Co, ship to South Haven.
West Geneva, Van Buren Co. (See Ircington.)
West Haven, Shiawassee Co, ship to Owosso.
West LeRoy, Calhoun Co, ship to Climax, on C & G T Ry. Exp Am.
West Milan, Monroe Co, D, B & St L R R.
West Novi, Oakland Co, ship to Novi, on F & P M Ry. Exp Am.
West Ogden, Lenawee Co, ship to Ogden, on L S & M'S Ry. Exp U S.
West Olive, Ottawa Co. ship to Pigeon, on Grand Haven R R. Exp US. Weston, Lenawee Co, Fayette br L S & M'S Ry. Exp U S. Westphalia, Clinton Co, ship to Fowler, on D. G H & M Ry. Exp m.
West Sebewa, Ionia Co, ship to Ionia, on D. G H & M Ry. Exp Am. West's Mills, Saginaw Co. S V & St. L RR. Exp Am.
West Summit, Wexford Co, G R & IR R. Exp US. '
West Sumpter, Wayne Co, ship to New Boston, on F & P M Ry. Exp Am.
Westville, Monteahn Co, ship to McBride's, on Stanton br D. L & N RR. Exp Am. West Windsor, Eaton Co, C & G T Ry. Exp Am.
Westwood, Kalkaska Co, GR & IR R. Exp US.
Wexford, Wexford Co, ship to Kingsley, on G R & IR R. Exp US.
Wheatland, Wexford Co, ship to Manton, on G R & IR R. Exp US.
Wheatland Center, Hillsdale Co, ship to Hudson, on L S & M'S Ry. Exp US. Wheeler, Gratiot Co, S V & St L R R. Exp Am. Whig Center, Branch Co. (See South Butter.)
White, Hillsdale Co, ship to Reading, on Ft. W & IR R. Exp Am.
White Cloud (Morgan), Newaygo Co, G R. N & L Sand C& W MR R. Exp Am. White Feather, Bay Co, Mackinaw Div M CR R. Exp AAm.
Whitefish Point, Chippewa Co, ship by water.
Whiteford Center, Monroe Co, ship to Ottawa Lake, on L S & M'S Ry. Exp US. Whiteball, Muskegon Co, C & W MR R. Exp .Am.
White Lake, Oakland Co, ship to Clyde. on F & P.M Rv. Exp Am. White Oak (Millville), Ingham Co. ship to Webberville, on D. L. & N RR. Exp Am White Pigeon, St Joseph Co. IS & MS Ry. ExpUS
White River, Muskegon Co. ship to Montagne, on ( & W MR.R. Exp .Am. White Rock, Huron Co, ship to Minden, on PHIA N W Ry. Exp Am.
Whitesburg, Genesee Co, ship to Roger-ville, on Offer Lake be F & PM Ry, Exp Am White Swan, Kent Co, ship to Kiddville, on D. LA NRR Exp Am.
Whitewood, Wayne Co, ship to Detroit.
Whitmore Lake, Washtenaw Co, ship to Ann Arbor on M '' and T & A AR Exp Am.
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47
AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Whittemore, losco Co, Tewas & Bay Co R R.
Whitneyville, Kent Co, ship to Lowell, on D, G H & M Ry. Exp Am.
Wilbur Road, Sanilac Co. P H & N W Ry.
Wilkinson's, Berrien Co. C & W MR R. Exp Am. Williamsburgh, Grand Traverse Co, ship to Traverse City, on GR & IR R. Exp US. Williamstown, Ingham Co, D, L & NR R. Exp Am. Williamsville, Cass Co, ship to Vandalia. on Air Line Div MI CR R. Exp Am. Wilson's, Jackson Co, Ft W & J RR. Exp Am.
Willville, Lake Co, ship to Baldwin, on F & P M Ry. Exp Am.
Winfield, Ingham Co, ship to Onondaga, on G R Div MI CR R. Exp Am. Winn (Dushville), Isabella Co, ship to Mt Pleasant.
Winterfield, Clare Co, ship to Harrison via F & P M Ry. Exp Am. Winthrop, Marquette Co. M, H & O R R. Exp Am.
Wisner, Tuscola Co, ship to Bay City. Wixom, Oakland Co, F & P Mand T, A A & NR R. Exp Am. Wolf Creek, Lenawee Co, ship to Adrian.
Woodbridge, Lenawee Co. ship to Adrian.
Woodhull, Shiawassee Co, ship to Shaftsburgh, on C & G T Ry. Exp Am. Wood Lake, Montcalm Co. GR & IR R. Exp US.
Woodland. Barry Co, ship to Hastings. on G R Div M CR R. Exp Am.
Wood's Corners, Ionia Co, Stanton br D. L & NR R. Exp Am.
Wood's Mill, Monteahn Co. Stanton br D, L & NR R. Exp Am.
Woodstock, Lenawee Co, D. H & S W R R. Exp Am.
Woodville, Newaygo Co, C & W MR R. Exp Am.
Worcester, Newaygo Co. C & W MR R. Exp Am.
Wormwood, Grand Traverse Co. ship to Kingsley, on T Cbr GR &IRR. Exp US. Worth, Tuscola Co, ship to Vassar.
Wright, Ottawa Co, ship to Berlin, on D. G H & M Ry. Exp Am.
Wright's Bridge. Midland Co, ship to Sanford, on F & P M Ry. Exp Am.
Wright's Lake, Otsego Co. (See Bradford Lake.)
Wyandotte, Wayne Co, C Sand L S & M'S Ry. Exp Am and U S. Wyman (Averyville), Montcalm Co, Stanton br D, L & NR R. Exp Am.
Wyoming, Kent Co, GR & IR R. Exp U S. Yankee Springs, Barry Co, ship to Middleville, on G R & IR R. Exp U' S. Yates, Oakland Co. D & B CR R. Exp Am.
Yew (Town Line), Wayne Co. D. L & NR R. Exp Anı.
York (Mooreville), Washtenaw Co. ship to Nora. on T & A A R R.
Yorkville, Kalamazoo Co, ship to Augusta. on M CR R. Exp Am.
Ypsilanti, Washtenaw Co. M Cand D. H & S W R R. Exp Am. Yuba, Grand Traverse Co, ship to Traverse City, on G R & I R R. Exp US.
Zeeland, Ottawa Co, C & W MIR R. Exp m.
Zilwaukee, Saginaw Co, Saginaw Div MI CR R. Exp Am.
CAUTION.
Pay no money in advance to itinerant Directory Canvassers. We are led to mention this from the fact that certain parties have been fraudu. Iently using our book as a specimen, and by that means, collecting moneys in advance. We ask no payment until the work is delivered, and our Solici. fors have strict orders not to take payment for either advertisements or sub. scriptions.
R. L. POLK 9. CO.
48
MEMBERS OF THE FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS FROM MICHIGAN.
SENATORS.
OMAR D. CONGER Term expires 1887.
THOMAS W. FERRY
Term expires 1883.
REPRESENTATIVES.
HENRY W. LORD. First District.
O. L. SPAULDING. Sixth District.
EDWIN WILLITS. Second District.
Seventh District.
EDWARD S. LACEY, Third District.
ROSWELL G. HORR Eighth District.
JULIUS C. BURROWS. Fourth District.
J. A. HUBBELL. Ninth District.
GEORGE W. WEBBER. . . Fifthi District.
U. S. LAND OFFICES IN MICHIGAN.
The Detroit District includes all the counties east of and including Hillsdale. Jackson, the eastern half of Ingham, the lower tier of towns in Shiawassee, the two southern tiers of towns in Genesee, Oakland, Macomb. St. Clair, the eastern tier of towns of Lapeer, Sanilac, all of Huron except the two western tiers of towns, Alpena, Montmorency, the eastern half of Otsego, all of Cheboygan except the western tier of towns, Presque Isle, and the Island of Bois Blanc. Office, Detroit; Register, J. B. Bloss: Receiver, J. MI. Farland.
The Saginaw District includes all the counties not included in the Detroit District east of the Meridian and including Shiawassee, the four northeastern towns of Gratiot, Midland, Gladwin, the eastern half of Roscommon, and the eastern half of Crawford. Office, East Saginaw ; Register, Charles Doughty : Receiver, F. J. Burton.
The Reed City District includes all of the Lower Peninsula not covered by the two foregoing districts. Office, Reed City : Register, Ed. Stevenson : Receiver, W. H. C. Mitchell.
The Marquette District includes the whole of the Upper Peninsula. Office. Marquette; Register, Henry H. Stafford; Receiver, J. M. Wilkinson.
THE REVENUE. THE INTERNAL REVENUE DISTRICTS OF MICHIGAN.
First-Wayne, Livingston, Oakland. Macomb. St. Clair, Lapeer, and Sanilac counties. Luther S. Trowbridge, Detroit, Collector.
Third-Counties of Allegan, Berrien, Branch. Cass, Kalamazoo. St. Joseph. Van Buren, Washtenaw. Jackson, Calhoun, Eaton, Monroe, Hillsdale, Lenawee and Ingham. Harvey B. Rowlson, Hillsdale, Collector.
Fourth-Counties of Barry, lonia, Montcalm, Kent. Ottawa. Muskegon, Oceana, Benzie, Charlevoix, Newaygo, Lake, Mecosta, Mason, Manistec, Grand Traverse. Leelenaw, Manitou, Osceola, Emmet. Antrim. Wexford, Cheboygan, Kalkaska and Missaukce. S. S. Bailey, Grand Rapids, Collector.
Sixth-Counties of Clinton, Shiawassee, Genesee. Gratiot, Saginaw. Tuscola. Huron, Isabella, Midland, Bay, Gladwin. Clare, Roscommon, Ogemaw. losco. Alcona, Oscoda, Crawford, Otsego. Montmorency. Alpena. Presque Isle. Chippewa, Marquette, Schoolcraft, Houghton, Keweenaw. Delta. Mackinac, Meuominec. Baraga, Isle Royale and Ontonagon. C. V. De Land, East Saginaw, Collector.
THE CUSTOMS REVENUE.
Michigan is divided into four districts for the collection of customs revenue, with four ports of entry as follows: Detroit port, Detroit; Huron port, Port Huron. Michigan port, Grand Haven; Superior port, Marquette. The collectors in the several districts an. as follows, respectively: D. V. Bell, John P. Sanborn, H. C. Akeley and C. Y. Osburn.
1
49
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Michigan, originally a portion of the famous "Northwest Territory," was admitted into the Federal Union in January, 1837. It is located on the British American frontier, and is separated from the Dominion of Canada by Lakes Superior, Huron and St. Clair and their connecting straits. It extends, approximately, from latitude 41.7 degrees to 47.48 degrees; and from longitude 82.41 degrees to 90.54 degrees, and covers an area of 56,451 square miles. It is divided into two parts -- the Lower and the Upper Peninsulas, which are separated by the Straits of Mackinac and contiguous waters. Although united politically these two divisions are thus disjoined geographically, and they also differ widely in physical characteristics and resources. The Lower Peninsula is for the most part level and prairic-like, or moderately rolling, and excellently adapted to agriculture ; while the Upper Peninsula is hilly and rugged and even mountainous, and is dis- tinguished principally for its abundant mineral resources.
The Lower Peninsula is bounded on the east by Lakes Huron, St. Clair, etc .; and on the west by Lake Michigan. It is 277 miles long from south to north ; and its greatest width is 259 miles. It has an area of 33,871 square miles, or 21.677, 184 acres.
The Upper Peninsula is 318 miles long, east and west ; and its greatest breadth is 164.286 miles; with an area of 22,580 square miles or 14. 451,456 acres. It is bounded on the north by Lake Superior and on the south by Lake Michigan, the Straits of Mackinac. etc., and the State of Wisconsin. These great waters give the State a shore line of 1,620 miles, and being at the head of lake navigation, where the products of the West aim to reach water transportation to the seaboard, they have contributed im- mensely to the State's commercial prominence and prosperity.
THE NATURAL RESOURCES
Of Michigan are very varied. Those of the Lower Peninsula (first to be mentioned) are agricultural. Michigan is officially snown to be the 7th wheat producing State in the Union, being surpassed only by California, Minnesota, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois `and Iowa in the order named; but it also raises large crops of nearly every other form of farm produce; and its farmers are among the most prosperous of their class in the Union.
THE WHEAT CROP.
For the years 1879 and 1880 the yield of wheat was as follows:
Bushels.
1879-Official State Report.
.30.953,340
1880-Estimate Dept. of Agriculture. .30,705,000
In 1879 each of the following counties in Michigan produced over 1,000,000 bushels of wheat-viz. :
Bushels.
Bushels.
Clinton
1,509,611
Kalamazoo
1.354.482
Ionia .
.1.474,589
Kent
.1,23€ 109
Washtenaw
.1.449.772
St. Joseph
1.144 ;
Calhoun
1,449.438
Lenawee.
Jackson ..
1,365,546
Oakland
In 1879 twenty townships in Michigan produced over 100,000 bushels of wheat
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50
MICHIGAN STATE GAZETTEER
The official report of the Secretary of State gives the
FARM PRODUCTS
Of Michigan as follows for 1879 -- the latest year for which official figures are attainable:
Acres Harvested.
Bushels Raised.
Average bu. per Acre.
Wheat
1,605,636
30,933.340
19.30
Corn.
742,559
42,764,123
75.57
Oats :
140,723
15,059,895
34.25
Clover Seed
194,399
313,063
1.61
Barley.
41.007
991,659
22.53
Potatoes
89,441
8,025,475
89.13
Other statistics for the same year are as follows:
Hay-acres harvested .
943.371
tons raised
1,051,115
Sheep-number sheared.
.1,828,580
Wool-pounds sheared.
. 9,582,034
Apples-bushels sold.
.1,831,910
Peaches -- ..
229.570
Grapes-pounds sold.
2,956,037
Cherries, currants, plums and berries-bushels sold.
161,316
The value of these agricultural products has been reckoned to be $S8,500,000.
FARM AND CATTLE FIGURES.
1579.
1880.
Farms-number of.
111,816
118,941
Farms-acres improved land
3,785.102
6.217,209
Farms-acres unimproved land.
4,530,486
4.761.058
Farms-total number acres.
10,315.589
10,977,105
Farms-average number acres.
92.68
92.19
Wheat-acres sown.
1,590,992
1.832.366
Horses -- number of .
272,653
293,210
Milch cows -- number of ..
291,243
304,142
Cattle, other than milch cows-number of:
338,910
344,791
Hogs-number of
493, 109
468,629
Sheep-number of ..
1,772,312
1,802,311
Apple orchards-number acres.
229,263
226.849
Peach orchards-number acres.
10,771
13,901
The Lower Peninsula abounds in salt to an unlimited extent. has large beds of merchantable coal and pent, paying beds of plaster, exhaustless beds of superior build- ing stone, limestone, gritstone, lithographic stone, etc .; brick clay, fire clay, potters clay, etc., in abundance: mineral paints, sand and gravel for building and for glass- making; mineral springs, chalybeate, sulphurous, etc., and many other things of use and value which space forbids to enumerate.
The Upper Peninsula affords iron in endless quantity, enormous deposits of copper. and large beds of marble, building stone, slating, etc., as will appear later.
THE SALT PRODUCT.
Two great salt basins underlie the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, affording her the greatest saltiferous stores of any State east of the Mississippi: 1. The Waverly group of rocks, whose only outcroppings are found around Saginaw and on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan; and 2. The Helderberg group, which is nearly 2,000 feet below the surface.
The first unmed basin as at present developed embraces an area of about 8, 000 square miles, chiefly about the navigable waters of the Saginaw Valley and on the Lake Huren shore in the counties of Bay, Saginaw, Huron, losco and Midland Recently wells have been sunk in Gratiot county, etc., but definite results have not been reached.
51
AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Walls are projected in other localities in order to test the full extent of the salt produc- ing area of this basin.
The salt manufacture of Michigan is under State inspection; and from the official reports the following figures are taken :
There are 97 firms engaged in the business, operating 3 kettle. 31 pan. and 85 steam blocks-making a total of 119 salt blocks, having a manufacturing capacity of 3,150,000 barrels, or 15,750,000 bushels of salt. The manufacture embraces both solar evapora- tion and boiling; and the product is equal to the finest Onondaga salt. The business is under the supervision of a State inspector, and a rigid system of classification is followed. During 1879 and 1880 the amounts inspected were as follows:
1879-Bbls.
183) .- Bhls_
Fine ..
1,997,350
2,580,037
Packers'
15,641
16.691
Solar
18,020
29.237.
2d Quality
29,027
18,623
Total
2,058,010
2,676,588
The amount of salt inspected since 1869, the first year of the State inspection, is as- follows:
Bbls.
Bbls.
1869
561,288
1875.
1,081,865
1870.
621,352
1876.
1,462,729
1871
728,175
1877
1,660,997
1872
724.481
1878.
1,855,851
1873.
823,346
1879.
2,059,040
1874.
1,026,979
1880
2,676,588
Total
15.311,72-1
Estimated product before 1869
3.553,645
Grand Total
18,865.869
The quantity of brine in the basin is unknown, but it is believed to be inexhaust- ible; so that the increase in manufacture will continue with the growth of the country ..
THE LOWER BASIN
Underlies almost the whole Sonthern Peninsula. Its existence has been known to. geologists, but no attempts have been made to reach it. However, just as this article is being sent to press, it is announced that brine answering to a 90 per cent. test has been found at Manistee, at a depth of 1,950 feet, reaching the Helderberg formation; and that a well is projected at Cheboygan to reach the same stratum. When this vast basin is made to yield its unlimited wealth, Michigan may confidently expect to become the greatest salt producing district in the country-if not in the world.
In addition to the above figures may be mentioned a considerable business that has grown up from the utilization of " salt refuse," such as bromine, chloride of magnesium .. chloride of calcium, and soda and soda salts.
THE COAL FIELDS
Of the Lower Peninsula have not been accurately bounded. They are known to under lie the whole central area of the Peninsula, embracing the counties of Saginaw, Shia- wassee, Clinton, Ionia, Montcalm, Gratiot. Isabella and Midland, besides the greater parts of Tuscola, Genesee, Ingham, Eaton, Bay-nearly the whole of thirteen counties; Vesides considerable portions of Livingston and Jackson counties; covering about 157 towaships and embracing 6, 700 square miles. Jackson is the only place where much mining has been done; the eight mines in that county in 1880 employed 500 men and yielded 125,000 tons of coal.
This coal is bituminous, and analysis gave the following :
52
MICHIGAN STATE GAZETTEER
Carbon. 45 per cent. 49 66
Volatile matter
Ash, water, sulphur. 6
100
It is rich in gas and coke -- producing 4.20 feet to a pound of coal, and 40 bushels of coke to the ton of coal.
A mine (or mines) is being worked at Corunna, Shiawassee County, furnishing a good article to that region. Explorations are being made in other sections.
GYPSUM.
Large and well-worked beds of plaster exist at Grand Rapids, and at Tawas bay. in Iosco county. This plaster is found, by analysis, to be equal to the Ohio plaster; and the quantity appears to be limitless.
LUMBER, ETC.
The lumber region of Michigan covers the northern half of the Lower Peninsula and is divided into several well-defined districts, named from the principal stream or some similar geographical characteristic. Complete statistics of this industry are hord to obtain, but the best figures show that there are 523 large lumbering mills in the State, and that the product for ISSO was as follows.
Lumber-number feet. 3,769,166,329 Excess over cut of 1879 about 658.000.000
Shingles .. 2.428,659,320
Excess over 1879. 370,574,450
Besides a very large amount of lath. Michigan now supplies one-quarter of all the pine lumber used in the United States. It is estimated that there is now standing in Michigan 44,000,000,000 feet of pine which at the present rate will last only some cleven years. However, the land when cleared is excellent for farming.
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