USA > Michigan > Michigan state gazetteer and business directory, 1875 v. I > Part 7
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Oceana County - Second Tuesday of March, first Tuesday of September, and >ec- ond Tuesday of December.
Fifteenth-E. W. Keightley, of Constan- tine, Judge. Terms of Court commence as follows :
Branch County-First Tuesday in March, first Tuesday in June, third Tuesday in September, second Tuesday in December.
St Joseph County-Third Tuesday in Jan- mary, second Tuesday in April, first Tuesday in August, fourth Tuesday in October.
Sixteenth -- E. W. Harris, of Port Huron, Judge. Terms of Court commence as fol- lows :
Huron County-First Wednesday of Jan- uary, fourth Wednesday of June, and second Wednesday of September.
Sanilac County-Third Tuesdays of Janu- ary, April, July and October.
Macomb County-First Tuesday of Feb- ruary, second Tuesday of May, third Tues- day of August, and second Tuesday of No- vember.
St. Clair County -- Fourth Tuesday of February, first Tuesday of June, fourth Tues- tay of September, and first Tuesday of De- cember.
Sotenteenth-Birney Hoyt, of Grand Ra pids, Judge. Terms of Court commence as follows :
Kent County-First Monday of March, first Monday of June, first Monday of Sep- tember, and first Monday of December.
Barry County-First Monday of February. first Monday of May, first Monday of August, and first Monday of November.
Eis'utenti .- Sanford M. Green, of Biy City. Judge, Terms of Court commence a. follows :
Bay County -- First Tuesdays of January. April and September, and first Monday of April.
Joven County-Second Tuesday of May and fourth Tusdlay of October.
Alcona County-Third Tuesdays of May and October
Alpena County-Fourth Tuesday of May and second Tuesday of October
AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Presque Isle County-First Wednesdays of June and October.
Nineteenth -- H. H. Wheeler, of Ludington, Judge. Terms of Court commence as fol- lows :
Wexford County-First Tuesday of De- cember and second Tuesday of June.
Lake County .- Second Tuesday of Decem- ber and third Tuesday of June.
Benzie County -- Third Tuesday of Decem- ber and fourth Tuesday of June.
Osceola County-Third Monday of Janu- ary, first Monday of May, and first Monday of September.
Mason County-Fourth Wednesday of
January, second Wednesday of May, ani third Wednesday of September.
Manistee County - Second Tuesday of February, fourth Tuesday of May, and the Tuesday succeeding the fourth Monday of September.
Tiventieth - D. J. Arnold, of Allegan, Judge. Terms of Court commence as fo !- lows :
Allegan County-First Tuesday, of Febru- ary, April, September and November.
Ottawa County --- Second Tuesdays of Jan- uary, March and August, and third Tuesday of October.
MICHIGAN.
Of the thirty-seven states forming the Union, Michigan is the twenty-sixth in order of admission, the eleventh in size and the thirteenth in population.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
Michigan is situated with reference to the older portion of the country, or that part lying west of the Missouri, about midway between that river and the Atlantic sea- board, and is ad'acent to the northern boun- dary line of the country. In latitude it extends from 41º 40' to 479 35' north, or covers about the same range in this respect as New York and the New England states. In longitude it extend from Sa- 23' west of Greenwich to 90° 30' west, corresponding nearly to Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia.
It is popularly known as the " Peninsula State" from its being; almost entirely sur- rounded by the waters of the great lakes, possessing in fact a greater extent of shore line than any other State in the Union. It consists of two detached peninsulas. the lover of which is boundted by Lake Michi- gan on the west, Lake Huron and the Straits of Mackinac on the north, lakes Hu- ron, St. Clair and Erie on the east, and the states of Ohio and Indiana on the South. The upper peninsula is bounded on the north by Lake Superior, on the south by lakes Michigan and Huron and the Straits of Mackinac, and extends from the Montreal river on the west to the St. Mary's river on the east. The lower peninsula is about twice the size of the upper. Altogether the State contains an area of 56,451 square miles and contains according to the census of 1874, a population of 1.334,031.
The southern portion of the lower penin- sula consists of excellent formning lands, un- surpassed for grain and fruit culture. Coal. limestone, gypsum and salt also are abundant. The northern half of this peninsula leads all other sections of the Union in the extent of its pine forests, which are to a very large ex- tent still untouched. The upper peninsula is rough and rocky, approaching in some parts to the mountainous. It possesses a thin unpromising soil, and though there is
plenty of timber it is generally of an inferior quality. The great wealth of this region lies in its iron and copper deposits. which are probably surpassed in richness no where in the world. Michigan is thus immensely rich in natural resources, probably embracing a wider range in this respect even than the wealthiest of her sister states.
The name of this state is said to be a cor. ruption of Meinw-Sagegan, the Chippe. a expression for " Great Lake."
HISTORY.
The region now forming the State of Mich- igan was visited by French explorers as early as 1610. The lower peninsula was . circumnavigated by Marquette and Joliet in 1073. The earliest settlements were those at Mackinac and Sault Ste Marie, followed soon after by that at Detroit. This was in 1701. . Another important settlement was at the mouth of the St. Joseph river, on Lake Michigar. These settlements were main- tained in part as trading posts and in part as Catholic mission stations for the conver- sion of the Indians. The interior was little if at all explored.
In 1760, as the result of the so-called " French war," all the French possessions in the north were transferred to the Britis !! crown. The Revolutionary war gave Mich. igan to the United States, but it was not till the supplemental treaty of 1796 that posse .. sion was fully given. It was then incorpor- ated into the northwestern territory, which included everything north of the Ohio river. In 1So2 Ohio became a State, and the re- mainder of the former Northwestern territory became the Territory of Indiana. In ISO5 this was divided and the territories of Michi- gan and Illinois organized. Subsequently Wisconsin, then spelled Quisconsin, was at- tached to Michigan.
The first considerable cession of lands to the government by the Indians was in ahoj. when the present counties of Monroe. Wayne, Oakland, Macomb, St. Clair, and perhaps some others adjacent were thrown open to settlement. In isti the population of the territory was 4, Seo, mostly of French origin.
1
53
MICHIGAN STATE GAZETTEER
The war of 1812 gave Michigan again to the British, but it was only for one year, when it was recovered by Gen. Harrison. In the course of the next ten years villages began to be located in the interior, Utica in 1817, Mt. Clemens and Pontiac in 1818, and Flint and Port Huron in 1819.
In 1821 the Indian title was extinguished to all the territory south of Grand river, and immediately there commenced a rage for set- tlement and speculation in lands.
Saginaw City was founded in 1822, Dexter and Ypsilanti in 1823, Ann Arbor, Tecumseh and Grand Rapids in 1824, Adrian and Royal Oak in 1825, Sturgis in 1827. Niles and Constantine in IS28, and Grass Lake, Coldwater, Cassopolis, St. Joseph and Kala- mazoo in 1829.
Originally the entire settled portion of the State was embraced in the county of Wayne. Monroe county was set off as a separate county in 1817, Macomb followed in ISIS, Oakland was the next in 1820, and St. Clair in 1821. In 1826 the counties of Lenawee and Chippewa were organized, and in 1829 Cass and St. Joseph counties.
The next decade was one of rapid settle- ment and wild speculation. Kalamazoo county was organized in 1830, Berrien in 1831, Tackson in 1832, Branch and Calhoun in . 1833, Hillsdale, Allegan and Saginaw in 1835, Washtenaw, Genesee, Livingston and Kent in 1836, Van Buren, Ottawa, Ionia, Eaton and Shiawassee in 1837, Ingham and Clinton in 1838, and Barry in 1839.
In 1834 the population of the territory was 87,273, and the following year a constitution- al convention met with reference to the organ- ization of a state government. A quarrel with Ohio concerning the boundary line pre- vented the admissior of Michigan, however, and it was not till January, 1837, that Michi- gan finally became an independent State.
---
In this year, 1837, a free banking law was passed, which led to the establishment of hosts of wild cat banks in this State. These, though for a time they stimulated business and aided the development of the State, brought great disaster a few months later.
The first railroad chartered was the De. troit & St Joseph in 1831, but it was IS38 before any part of the road (now the Michi- gan Central) was completed and in opera. tion. The Erie & Kalamazoo, had mean- while (in 1536) been completed between Toledo and Adrian. The Detroit & Pontiac was chartered in 1834 and completed to Royal Oak in 15338, and in the same or fol. lowing year, the Detroit & Shelby Railroad was completed to Utica, several other roads were chartered and some partly constructed.
In 1537 the legislature provided for a complete system of internal improvements,
embracing three railroad= stretching across the State, and several canal and slack-water navigation enterprises. These works in- volved the young State in serious financial embarrassments, and for a time gave it a bad reputation in the money centers of the world.
In 1845 the mineral wealth of the Upper Peninsula was first brought into notice.
In 1846 the Michigan Central and Michi- gan Southern Railroads were sold by the State to private companies.
In 1847 the capital was transferred from Detroit to Lansing.
In 1850 the present constitution was adopted.
In 1856 the United States made a valuable grant of lands to certain projected railroads in this State, the result of which has been the construction of the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw the Flint & Pere Marquette, the Grand Rapids & Indiana, and the Peninsular Division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroads.
In 1858 the Detroit & Milwaukee Rail- road was completed to Grand Haven.
In 1859 salt was first successfully made in this State.
The war of the rebellion caused a stagna- tion for a few years in the material growth of the State, but at its close Michigan took a fresh start and for ten years past develop- meut has been very rapid in every respect. Population has increased from 805,379 in 1864 to 1,334,031 in 1874, railroad mileage has increased from about 900 miles in 1865 to 3313 miles in 1875. In the four southern tiers of counties the mileage of railroad in proportion to the population is twice as great as in the well developed State of Massachusetts. In these ten years settle- ments have pushed far up into the wilder- ness, comprising the northern half of the lower peninsula. Villages have been located and townships and counties organized very much with the rapidity that prevailed in the decade between IS30 and IS40. Mining and manufacturing interests have been greatly extended and the wealth of the State immensely increased.
GOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN.
Under French Ru'e.
Samuel Champlain 1622-1635
M. D. Montmagny. 1636-1647
M. De Aillebout 1618-1650
1051-1686
ME Do Latson (ir 1950-1057
M. De Aillebout 1057-1658
M. De Argenson
1058 -1060
Bavan De Avanyour. 1001-1663
V. De Nesses 1603-1008
M. De Courcelles
1668-1072
54
MICHIGAN STATE GAZETTEER
Count De Frontenac. 1672-1682
M. De La Barre
1682-1635
M. De Nouville.
1685-1689
Count De Frontenac 1689 -- 1698
M. De Callieres 1699-1703
M. De Vandreuil
1703-1725
M. De Beauharnais.
1726-1747
M. De Galissoniere
1747-1749
M. De La Johnquiere.
1749-1752
Ml. Duquesne
1752-1755
M. De Vaudreuil de Cavagnac .. 1755-1763
Under British Ru !:.
James Murray 1763-1767
Guy Carlton. 1768-1777
Frederick Haldeman.
1777-1785
Heury Hamilton 1785-1786
Lord Dorchester 1786 -- 1794
Under United States Rule.
As Northwestern Territory.
Arthur St. Clair. 1796-1800
A :: Indiau Territory.
Wm. Henry Harrison
1800-1805
A> Michigan Territory,
William Hull.
1805-1812
Lewis Cass.
1813-ES31
George B. Porter.
1831-1834
Stevens T. Mason.
1834-1835
J. T. Horner ... 1835-1835
Stevens T. Mason.
IS35-1837
As an Independent State.
Stevens T. Mason 1837-18.10
William Woodbridge 1840-1841
J. Wright Gordon
1841-1843
John S. Barry IS43-1845
Alpheus Felch I845-IS47
Willianr L. Greenly. 1847-1847
Epaphroditus Ransom
IS4S-1849 John S. Barry .. 1$50-1851
Robert McClelland 1852-1853
Andrew Parsons 1853-1854
Kinsley S. Bingham
1855-1858
Moses Wisner. 1859-1860
Austin Blair.
1861-1864
Henry H. Crapo.
1865-1868
Henry P. Baldwin.
IS69-1872
John J. Bagley
1873-1876
WEALTH AND RESOURCES.
It is to be regretted that the results of the official census of 1874 which should furnish exact statistics have never yet been prepared for publication, and are studiously kent from the public. Means of reliable information in regard to production are therefore unfortun. ately in some cases very limited. It is known. however, that the lower junio al. 1. how ing one of the largest gram producing re- gions in the West. Of wheat alone over a million and a quarter of acres are now grown annually, the crop of 1874 being put down at 10, 115.000 bushels. Large as this is the corn crop surpasses it, the yield for 18;4
being 20,793,000 bushels. Other grains are raised to a less extent, the total combined yield of oats, rye, barley and buckwheat be- ing 13,210,000 bushels.
The fruit product is difficult to arrive at but in value it runs up into the millions.
Hay also is an important agricultural pro- duct, and potatoes are quite a staple crop. The latter are largely shipped south.
Dairying is also largely attended to in this State, cheese factories being quite numerous in the southern tiers of counties. No denin. ite statistics of the product are attainable, but there is good authority for stating the annual product of butter at 28,000,000 pounds.
Sheep raising has been largely practice, though perhaps relatively less in the last few years than previously. The present annual clip does not vary much from $,000.000 pounds. and mostly of very choice grades.
The fisheries of Michigan are no small source of wealth. The census of 1970 puts them down ar 243 in number, employing an equivalent to 38S hands for twelve months in the year, and yielding in value near $600,000 of product.
Plaster or gypsum is mined at Grand Rapids and at Alabaster, on the shore of Lake Huron. It is easily taken out and the supply is equal to any possible demand for generations to come, even without further dis- coveries. According to the census of 1870 two plaster beds gave employment to seven- ty hands and produced plaster to the value of $131.400, but this must be very much below the present yield.
Limestone is found in great abundance everywhere, and quarries of valuable build. ing stone are not infrequent. Marquette furnishes a brown sandstone very popular in Chicago and other western cities for fronts of buildings. On the shore of lake Huron also there are valuable quarries of stone, out of which the finest grindstones and whet- stones are manufactured.
Rich slate quarries have lately been opened on the shore of lake Superior, but they are new and but little developed as yet.
Coal is very abundant in the central por- tion of the lower peninsula, but except at Jackson and to a less extent at one or two other points, has never yet been mined on any large scale.
At almost any point in the southern part of the State. Finning well- can be hal b. bor- bea few hundred feet, and the waters thu obtained are m nearly every instance found to possess valual de medicinal properties, vary. ing, however, in different localies. The most important of the e mineral waters are found at Mt. Clemens, St Louis, Lansing and Eaton Rapids, though there are perhaps
55
AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
twenty other places where the waters are equally as valuable.
Salt wells are secured by boring anywhere along the Saginaw river, and also in parts of Huron county. Saginaw already rivals Syracuse in the salt markets of the country. The annual product is over 1,000,000 barrels.
The iron deposits of Marquette county are very extensive, if not wholly inexhaustible. There are about 34 mines in operation, the yield of which for 1874, was about 900,000 tons, and this was much below the product of 1873, owing to the prevailing stagnation in the iron market. The iron is mined from the surface, the ore is very rich, and the metal produced from it of a very superior quality.
The copper mines of Michigan are in the counties of Houghton, Keweenaw and On- tonagon, principally in the first named. The aggregate product for 1874 was near 22,000 tons, valued at $9,000,000. Unlike the iron,
-
the copper is mined at great depths, some of the mines being down over 1,000 fuet. The copper is found in a pure state, sometimes in large masses weighing several tons. There are 32 mines in operation.
MANUFACTURES.
With such immense natural resources, with such ample advantages for shipment, and with streams everywhere affording water power, in some instances of almost unlimited extent, as might naturally be expected Michigan is peculiarly a manufacturing State. The State census of IS74 should supply some statistics of these industrial interests, but unfortunately the facts and figures are locked up in the Secretary of State's office, with no prospect of their being publi-hed until their value is lost by age, and they have become comparatively useless to the public as a source of information. Going back to the census of IS70, the following very incomplete statistics are obtained :
Number of
Establishments!
Capital Em-
No. of hands
duced to fall
Wages paid per!
annum.
Value of
manufactured product.
Lumber ...
1506
$26,355,816
10,893
$6,364,519
$33,169,056
Flouring Mills ...
512
6,938,830
1,20I
679, 831
19,001,356
Foundries and Machine Shops
221
16,895,325
2,968
1,751,325
5,688,846
Tanneries
101
1,340,500
682
312,779
2,557,043
Breweries.
127
1,355,741
332
162,908
1,200,325
Checse Factories.
30
86,050
33
13,000
210,2SS
Woolen Factories.
54
985,500
515
204,217
1, 139,172
Peppermint Stills
44
21,760
17
5,758
65,873
Salt Works
69.
2,061,500
470
391,839
1, 145,761
Iron Furnaces
17
2,664,000
1,932
1,093,910
2,055,629
Rolling Mills ..
675,000
223,504
690, 500
Copper Stamps
II
630,000
390
207,584
3,474,353
Copper Smelting Works.
2
290,000
125
116,542
3,000, 432
*There are now two Rolling Mills.
It will be observed that the leading manu- facturing interest is that of lumber. As the pinerics of Maine, New York and Pennsyl- vania have become exhausted, Michigan is looked to not only for the best grades of lumber, but for the most abundant supply. The business has increased immensely since 1870, the date of the above statistics, the product being shipped to every part of the country.
The table above given shows a manufac- tured product in 13 branches alone equal to about $75,000,000. Most of these branches of manufacture, however, have va-th in. created within the five years that have elapsed since the census was taken, and many other very important branches are wholly omitted, Among these latter may be men- tioned ship building. car building, wagon and carriage building, the manufacture of staves and barrels, furniture, sach, doors and
blinds, handles, wooden ware, wooden bowls, agricultural implements, organs, bil- liard tables, mouldings and frames, matches, steam boilers, fire and burglar proof safes, stoves, brass work and plumbers' fittings, gal- vanized iron work for buildings, hemlock ex- tract, boots and shoes, cider and vinegar, pre- served fruits, tobacco and cigars, cotton fabrics, paper, bleaching salts and other chem- icals, sheet copper, brick, etc., all of which are carried on very extensively in various portions of the State. At a rough estimate the State of Michigan must turn out manu- facturedi goods to the value of some hundreds of millions of dollars annual's.
OTHER INTERESTS.
Michigan is thus rapidly growing in popu- lation and wealth. It- cities and villages are marked by evidences of thrift avi gros perity. Churches are scattered everywhere and there is no settled portion of the Fiate
ployed.
employed re-
time.
56
MICHIGAN STATE GAZETTEER
that is not supplied with common schools. Indeed Michigan is eminently proud of her school system. Besides the common and graded, and high schools, there are colleges at Adrian, Hillsdale, Kalamazoo, Olivet, Al- bion, Holland and Benzonia, an agricultural college at Lansing, a normal school at Ypsi- Janti, two medical colleges at Detroit, and crowning all, a University at Ann Arbor, which, in standard of scholarship, number of students and general usefulness, ranks with Harvard and Vale, as one of the best in the country.
The benevolent and reformatory institu- tions of the state are numerous and in a
healthy and vigorous condition. They in- clude a state public school for pauper child- ren, a reform school for incorrigible boys, an intermediate prison for minor offenders, and a state prison for the more hardened class of criminals. There are also two insane asy- lums (one now building), an institution for the deaf, dumb and blind, a system of free public libraries, and other institutions indi- cative of the most advanced civilization.
Lansing is the capital of the State, Detroit its commercial metropolis. For full descrip- tions of these and every other city. village and hamlet in the state, reference is had to the ensuing pages of this work.
-
NAMES RECEIVED TOO LATE FOR INSERTION IN PROPER PLACE.
BREEDSVILLE.
(See also page 150.) BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Adama & Tuttle, Tannery, Mill. Breedsville Messenger, A H Daniels editor. Brown Frederick H, undertaker, Main.
Brown Wells G, flouring mills and lamber mafr., Mill.
Chicago and Michigan Lake Shore R R, A D Enos agent.
Crammer Norman J, physician, Main.
Daniels Albert M, Physician Druggist, Main.
and
Eastman A G, Lawyer and Justice of the Peace, Pine. Enos Abner D, agent C. & M. L. S. R. R. Gray James M, general store, Main.
Goff D C, propr Snell House, cor Main and Pine. Hawley Mrs G A, millinery, Pine. Howell & Moulton, hardware, Main.
Knowles & Baker, general store, Main and Pine.
Laferty Wm, boot and shoemaker, Main. Larkins Robt, propr Breedsville Hotel, Main. McDanel, wagon maker, Pine.
Myhan & Henry, Tannery, Pine.
Scrimger Henry J, Grocer, Main.
serimger John D, Real Estate, In- surance agt and Justice of the Peace, Main. Sherwood Frederick E, General Store and Meat Market, Main.
Snell House, D C Goff propr, cor Pine and Main.
Snell, Shannon & Co, Barrels, Head- ing and Stave mnfrs.
Stevens Horace K, blacksmith, Pine. Thompson W L, saw mill.
Wade Wm, saloon, cor Pine and Main.
BURCH'S.
(For description see page 159.) BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Campbell & Jones, lumber mill .. Chipmon Walter W, lawyer. Fawcett Rev John, ( Congregationalist). Smith C R, general store and postmaster.
Stanton F L, lumber mill. Weller J S, lumber mill.
CALUMET ..
(For description see page 162.) BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Colion EX S, Cashier Merchant's and Miners' Bank.
Lyon & Dolf, Hardware.
Merchants aud Miners' Bank, Chas Brigg Pres, H S Colton Cash.
North & Briggs, general store.
Osborn Reuben H, physician.
Shears George W, meat market.
Smith, Harris & Co, general store.
Streeter A T, postmaster.
CEDAR CREEK. (For description see page 169.) BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Campbell Rev Wm. (United Brethren). Larabee C P, general store.
Larabee Cyrus, agricultural implements.
McCoffney S, flouring mill.
Maynard Rev H H. (United Brethren).
Murphy Charles, wagon maker.
Peckham H F, eclectic physician.
Pickel Byron, grocer.
Soule George, general store.
Wenderburg George, blacksmith.
CHARLEVOIX.
(For description see page 173.) BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Carpenter & Bartholomew, general store.
Cole Rev George L, / Methodi-t).
Cooper R, hotel propr.
Crouter G W. druggist.
Fox. Rose & Buttars, general store.
Green E H, lawyer.
Henderson R, physician.
Lewis Dr & .. druggist.
McLeod A J. hotel propr.
Morgan Heary, general store.
Smith W A, propr Charlevoix Sentinel.
Stockman W J. hardware.
Wood Kes W, (pre byterian).
58
MICHIGAN STATE GAZETTEER
COOPERSVILLE.
(For description see page 196.)
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Austin John J, physician.
Brown Daniel D, furniture.
Brown Joseph, justice of the peace and post- master.
Clark Charles, agent D. & M. R. R. Cleland Daniel, grover.
Cloud Inimes N, Watches, Clocks and Jewelry. (See adv.)
Crossmon Henry C, spoke mnfr.
Durham James E, barber.
Durham Philander, grocer.
Earl Eli P. saloon.
Edwards Pembroke &, Photograph- er.
Farr George A, lawyer.
Fisk Geo W, wagon maher.
Glass John B, black-mith. Graham Robert, -aloun.
Hermance John Il, saw and grist mill.
Hubbard Lamont A, Howe sewing ma- chinex.
Joseph Rey L E. ( Wesleyan Methodist). Leonardson Rev A V, (Free Methodist). Lillie Roswell, lawyer.
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