USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 10
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"That immigration shall be encouraged; emigration shall not be prohibited, and no citizen shall be exiled."
The constitution of 1819 is silent on the subject of aliens. However, "the right of suffrage and the capacity to hold office" are denied them by the qualifications prescribed for the exercise of these privileges. Of an alien aspiring for public office, Judge R. C. Buckell, Scott v. Strobach, 49 Ala., p. 487, says:
"He would not be a qualified elector. He would not be entitled to any of the rights and privileges, and not subject to many of the duties of citizenship. He would be incapable of holding, or transmitting by descent, real estate. He would be entitled to nothing from the government but personal protection, so long as he yielded obedience to the general laws for the maintenance of peace and the preservation of order. It would be at war with the spirit and theory of our institutions, to recognize as eligible to any public office one who is not a qualified voter. The right of suffrage and the capacity to hold office, un- less otherwise expressly declared, must co- exist."
In Alabama an alien is entitled to the pro- tection of his person and property; he may maintain an action for slander, or for the re- covery of property; and on the death of an alien who dies in the state and without heirs, his estate reverts to the State, but, under the statute, 'An alien is not entitled to a jury composed, in part or wholly, of allens or strangers;" and until the enlargement of the laws of escheat by the Code of 1852, the wife of an alien, though herself an American citi- zen, was not entitled to dower in his lands. In Luke v. Calhoun County, 52 Ala., p. 115, it was held that an action would lie to recover the statutory penalty for the murder of a person though such person be an alien. In this case the court admirably. states the re- ciprocal nature of protection and allegiance: ยท "Allens resident, or sojourning here, do not owe the full measure of allegiance exacted from the citizen, nor can they enjoy all the rights, privileges, and immunities of citizen- ship. Yet they owe a qualified, local, tem- porary allegiance. They are bound to obedi- ence to all general laws for the maintenance of peace and the preservation of order. If
39
HISTORY OF ALABAMA'
guilty of any illegal act, or involved in any dispute with our citizens, or with each other, they are amenable to the ordinary tribunals of the country. In return for the qualified allegiance demanded of them, a correspond- ing protection to life, liberty and property is extended to them."
The absence of limitation left the law- makers untrammeled, but the history of the times reveales little record of any harsh or oppressive legistation seriously attempted or enacted. Indeed it was not until an act of February 25, 1875, that there was any effort to define by statute the precise position and property rights of allens. This act is now section 2831 of the Code of 1917, viz .:
"An alien, resident or nonresident, may take and hold property, real and personal, in this state, either by purchase, descent, or de- vise, and may dispose of, and transmit the same by sale, descent, or devise, as a native citizen."
The constitution of 1875, adopted a few months later, contained this provision, viz .: "Sec. 36. Foreigners, who are, or may here- after become, bona fide residents of this state, shall enjoy the same rights In respect to the possession, enjoyment, and inheritance of property, as native born citizens;" and the supreme court in Nicrosi v. Phillipi, 91 Ala. Reports, p. 307, declared that this "was a limitation merely on the otherwise boundless power of the legislature in the premises, and not a grant of power in any sense. It forbade the legislature to make any discrimination against resident foreigners; but it leaves the competency of the law-making power quite ample to conferring on nonresident aliens the same property rights as may be enjoyed by such resident foreigners, or by native or naturalized citizens."
The laws of the State governing marriage and divorce do not discriminate against aliens.
There has been no alien labor legislation. See Corporations-Foreign Corporations; Immigration Commissioner.
REFERENCES .- Constitution, 1819, Art. III, secs. 3 and 4, and Art. 1V, sec. 4; Constitution, 1901, secs. 31 and 34; Code, 1907, secs. 2831, 7281; Smith, Debates, 1861, pp. 223-227; Jink- ins v. Noel, 3 Stewart, p. 60; Partlett v. Morris, 9 Porter, p. 270; Smith v. Zaner, 4 Ala., p. 99; Congregational Church v. Morris, 8 Ala., p. 182; Sidgreeves v. Myatt, 22 Ala., p. 617; Har- ley v. State, 40 Ala., p. 689; Scott v. Strobach, 49 Ala., p. 477; Luke v. Calhoun County, 52 Ala., p. 115; Acklen v. Hickman, 60 Ala., p. 568, and 63 Ala., p. 494; and Nicrosi v. Phillipi, 91 Ala., p. 397. Foreign corporations: Code, 1907, 2401-2412, 3638-3661; and "Constitution" sec. 232 in Code, 1907, vol. 3, p. 175, with cita- tlons.
ALKEHATCHI. An Upper Creek town in Tallapoosa County, on Alkohatchi Creek, or "Alko stream," which flows into the Talla- poosa River from the west. It is four miles above Okfuski. In the British trade regula- tlons of July 3, 1761, this town and Okfuski
were assigned to the traders Rae and Mack- intosh.
REFERENCES .- Georgla, Colonial Records, vol: 8, p. 523; Handbook of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 44; Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), p. 391.
ALPHA DELTA PHI. College fraternity; founded at Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., 1832; entered the Univ. of Ala. in 1850; in 1857 killed by antifraternity laws; and has not since been revived. The chapter had 52 initiates.
REFERENCES .- Baird, Manual (1915), p. 50 et seq .; and Semi-Centennial Catalogue (1882 and 1899).
ALPHA DELTA PI. Women's college fra- ternity; founded at Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga., May 15, 1851, as the Adelphean Society ; and entered Alabama with Eta chapter at the State University in 1907. Chapters: Eta, 1907, Univ. of Ala., withdrew in 1909, 18 members; Kappa, March 21, 1910, Judson College, 56 members; and Mu, 1910, Woman's College of Ala., 32 members, driven out by antifraternity laws, 1913. An alumnae asso- ciation is maintained in Birmingham. Peri- odical: "The Adelphean." Colors: Pale
blue and white. Flower: Single purple violet.
REFERENCES .- Baird, Manual (1915), pp. 398- 400.
ALPHA PSI. Medical-Veterinary college fraternity; founded at the College of Veteri- nary Medicine, Ohio State University, on Jan. 18, 1907. It entered the Ala. Pol. Inst. with Theta chapter, April 4, 1912; and has a total membership of 60. The purposes are-"To promote a stronger bond between the veteri- nary colleges of the United States and Canada, to create a better feeling among the students of all veterinary colleges, and to infuse a deeper interest in the study of veterinary sclence." Periodical: "Alpha Psi Quarterly." Colors: Dark blue and bright gold. Flower: Red carnation.
REFERENCES .- Baird, Manual (1915), pp. 519- 520.
ALPHA SIGMA DELTA. See Beta Alpha Beta.
ALPHA TAU OMEGA. College fraternity; founded at Richmond, Va., Sept. 11, 1865. "It was the first fraternity to be established after the Civil War and was projected as a national organization. The Alpha or 'Mother Soclety' was placed at the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia, and the Beta at Washington and Lee University in the same town. The first twenty chapters were in the South. In 1881 the first northern chapter was chartered."-Baird. It entered Alabama with the institution of Alpha Epsilon chapter at the Ala. Pol. Inst., 1879. Chapters: Alpha Epsilon, 1879, Ala. Pol. Inst., 350 mem- Ala. bers; Ala. Beta Beta, 1885, Southern Univ., 340; Ala. Beta Delta, 1885, Univ. of Ala., 220. Periodical: "The Palm." Colors: Sky blue
40
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
and old gold. Flower: White tea rose. Flag: Three equal horizontal stripes of gold, blue and gold, respectively, and a blue field extending the width of the hoist and bearing three golden stars, the field and middle stripe taken together forming the letter Tau in blue.
REFERENCES .- Baird, Manual (1915), pp. 65- 78; Claude T. Reno, Manual of the Fraternity (1911).
ALPINE MOUNTAIN. One of the more prominent mountains composing the group called the Talladega Mountains, and a part of the southwestern extension of the Appa- lachian system. It is the highest peak of the group, having a maximum elevation of 1,551 feet above sea level. It is situated in the central part of Talladega County, near the line of the Southern Railway.
See Talladega Mountains.
REFERENCES .- McCalley, Valley regions of Alabama, Pt. 2, Coosa Valley (Geol. Survey of Ala., Special report 9, 1897), pp. 19, 569-570.
ALTITUDES. Popular term, descriptive of elevations, or linear height of points and places of the surface of the State above sea level. In the list which follows the lowest recorded points are: Nenemoosha 7 feet, Venetia 7 feet, Choctaw 8 feet, Mobile 8 feet, Magazine 8 feet, Hurricane 12 feet, Cleveland 15 feet, and Sunflower 28 feet. The highest point is Pulpit Rock in Jackson County, with an elevation of 2,018 feet. Other striking elevations are: Horn Mountain 1919 feet,
Weisner in Cherokee County 1900 feet, Mount Oak 1790 feet, Mount Chimney 1778 feet, Scraper Mountain 1744 feet, Coldwater Peak in Calhoun County 1727 feet, Rock City 1724 feet, Mount Brandon 1607 feet, Bald- rock 1601 feet, Laurel Mountain 1576 feet, Mount Chandler 1560 feet, Cahaba Mountain 1551 feet, and Blue Mountain in Calhoun County 1500 feet. Seventy-one points are noted with an elevation of 1000 feet and over.
The several elevations are determined by actual observations or measurements by offi- cial, or other competent agencies. The princi- pal official agencies are the U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Engineer Office, U. S. Department of Agri- culture-Bureau of Soils, and U. S. Weather Bureau. The Geological Survey of Alabama cooperated with the U. S. Geological Survey in the spirit leveling conducted in the State by the latter. Of the unofficial agencies the various railroads have made available to the Government and to the public such data as they had accumulated in their surveys.
Elevations are classified as precise as pri- mary, according to the methods employed in their determination. In the lists which follow the results are accurate determinations by one or the other method. Determined points are indicated by what are known as bench marks. Such marks as are established under cooperation with a State are stamped with the State name. Bench marks are of three general forms:
"First, a circular bronze or aluminum tab- let 31/2 inches in diameter and one-fourth
inch thick, appropriately lettered, having a 3-inch stem cemented in a drill hole, generally in the vertical wall of a public building, a bridge abutment, or other substantial masonry structure. The second form, employed where masonry or rock is not accessible, consists of a hollow wrought-iron post 312 inches in outer diameter and 4 feet in length, split at the bottom and expanded to 10 inches at base, so as to prevent both the easy sub- sidence of the post and the malicious pulling of it out of the ground. These posts are gen- erally sunk three feet in the ground; the iron is heavily coated with asphalt, and over the top of the post is riveted a bronze tablet sim- ilar to that described above. The third form consists of a copper bolt 1 inch in diameter and 4 inches long, which is split at one end and expanded by driving on a brass wedge in a drill hole in masonry. But few bench marks of the third class have been used in these States. but their use has now been dis- continued.
"The numbers stamped on the bench marks represent the elevations to the nearest foot above mean sea level, as determined by un- adjusted levels in the field. The notes have since been subjected to changes resulting from the adjustments necessary to close cir- cuits and to reduce to mean sea level through connection with or readjustment of the pre- cise-level net of the United States."
List of Alabama Altitudes.
Name.
Height.
Abbeville
499
Abbeville Junction
378
Abernathy
1,025
Able
976
Adamsville
582
Akron
130
Alaga
105
Alberta
170
Albertville
1,054
Aldrich
428
Alexander City
709
Alexandria
563
Allsups
670
Alpine
460
Alpine. Mountain
1,551
Andeluvia Mountain
1,134
Anniston
808
Argo
801
Arisoto
466
Arkadelphia
398
Arrington
95
Ashby
440
Ashland
1,080
Ashville
680
Athens
707
Atkinson
212
Atmore
281
Attalla
530
Auburn
698
Aurora Mountain
1,404
Avondale
618
Bainbridge
439
Bald Rock
1,601
Baldwin
336
Ball Flat
619
Bangor
468
41
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Name.
Height.
Name.
Height. 269
Banks
599
Chapman
Barclay
514
Chastang
43
Barton
481
Chavies
1,160
Bass
616
Chehaw
244
Batesville
280
Cherokee
514
Battles
143
Chepultepec
795
Bay Minette
278
Chickasaw
466
Bear Creek
791
Childersburg
412
Beasons Mill
888
Chilton
282
Beaver Meadow
136
Chimney, Mount
1,778
Beaverton
359
Choccolocco
570
Belle Mina
600
Choctaw
8
Bellevue
164
Chulafinnee
871
Bell Factory
703
Chunchula
78
Benton
129
Citronelle
331
Bergen
371
Clanton
571
Bessemer
512
Clarke
496
Big Bear River
398
Clay
177
Birmingham
610
Clayton
589
Birmingham Junction
382
Clement
410
Blackburn Mountain
1,200
Cleveland
15
Blount Springs
426
Cliff
614
Blue Mountain
1,500
Clio
534
Bluffton
840
Cloughs
231
Boaz
1,071
Coalburg
418
Bogue Chitto
142
Coatapa
120
Boiling
307
Coldwater
597
Boligee
114
Coldwater Peak
1,727
Bolivar
623
Collinsville
707
Bomar
558
Coloma
584
Borden
827
Coloma Mountain
1,250
Boyles
584
Columbiana
532
Bozeman
484
Columbiana Mountain
995
Brandon
886
Cooks Springs
640
Brandon, Mount
1,607
Cooper
455
Brewton
84
Coosa
592
Bridgeport
675
Coosaw Mountain
1,132
Brierfield
384
Coosaw Mountain Tunnel.
583
Brock, Mount
1,053
Cordova
312
Brompton
704
Cottondale
264
Broomtown
679
Courtland
566
Browns
171
Craig
533
Brownsboro
633
Craig Mountain
1,424
Brown's Ferry
545
Crawford
452
Brundidge
515
Creola
23
Burkesville
143
Crews
335
Cross Plains
693
Crow Creek
604
Bynum
642
Cuba
210
Cahaba
637
Cullman
801
Cahaba Mountain
1,551
Cunningham
437
Calera
502
160
Calhoun
315
Curry
529
Calvert
57
Cusseta
717
Camp Hill
738
Dadeville
735
Canoe
274
Dailey
714
Carbon Hill
422
Dallas Mill
665
Cardiff
351
Darlington
680
Carlisle
1,068
Davis
798
Carpenter
91
Dawson
1,160
Carson
54
De Armanville
696
Carthage
167
Deatsville
306
Castleberry
174
Decatur
590
Catherine
189
Decatur Junction
562
Catoma
180
Deer Park
148
Cedar Bluff
593
Deer Range
259
Cedar Mountain
1,309
Delmar
881
Center
665
Delta 1,065
Central
636
Demopolis
127
Chandler, Mount
1,560
Denman Bridge
819
Burnesville
177
Buzzard Rock
1,445
Curl
42
HISTORY OF ALABAMA'
Name.
Height.
Name.
Height.
Deposit
755
Graham
1,099
Dickson
509
Grand Bay
80
Dillard
306
Greenbriar
613
Dixie
275
Green Hill
766
Dolceta
549
Greenpond
482
Dora
366
Greensboro
220
Dossett
720
Greenville
423
Dothan
355
Greenwood
681
Dunham
230
Guerryton
358
Dyas
144
Guest
1,149
East Alabama Junction
801
Guin
432
East Florence
469
Gunter Landing
543
Eden
540
Gantersville
592
Edwardsville
945
Gurley
647
Elba
204
Hackneyville
708
Eldridge
589
Haleyville
915
Eleanor
153
Hammac
126
Elmore
191
Hana
565
Elyton
564
Hanceville
541
Empire
406
Hardwick
746
Emuckfaw
646
Hardy
443
Englewood
138
Harpville
177
Ensley
556
Harrell
199
Epes
140
Harris
560
Equality
745
Hartselles
672
Escatawpa
175
Hatchechubbee
311
Ethel
169
Hays Mill
745
Eufaula
255
Heflin
984
Eulaton
650
Helena
430 653
Eutaw
216
Hickory Flats
764
Evergreen
258
Hicks
647
Ewell
400
Highland
438
Fackler
610
Hillman
512
Falakto
501
Hillsboro
601
Falkville
602
Hobbs Island
579
Farill
623
Holliman
927
Faunsdale
202
915
Fearns
793
Hornady
209
Finley
775
1,919
Fitzpatrick
262
580
Flatrock
785
Hughes Siding
606
Flint
570
Hull
132
Flomaton
100
Huntsville
638
Flora
530
Hurricane
12
Florala
214
Hurtsboro
346
Fort Deposit
445
Inverness
413
Fort Mitchell
316
Iron City
558
Fort Payne
873
Irondale
762
Franklin
217
695
Fredonia
685
719
Frog Mountain
1,230
Jasper
307
Fruithurst
1,076
Jeff
807
Fulton
243
Jefferson
446
Gadsden
553
Jemison
710
Gallion
185
Jemison Mountain
835
Garden City
489
Jenifer
577
Gastonburg
223
Jenkins
790
Gaylesville
587
Johnson
650
Georgiana
264
Jones
201
Girard
263
Jonesboro
508
Glen Allen
561
Kahatchee Mountain
1,301
Glencoe
552
Keego
80
Gold Hill
770
Keener
675
Goodwater
872
Kelley Gap
1,317
Goodwyns
195
Kellyton
805
Gordon
160
Kidd Hill
1,204
Florence
551
Incline
537
Forrest
382
Indian Creek
414
Eureka
969
Henry-Ellen
Hollywood
637
Farley
585
Holmes Gap
Horn Mountain Howell
Jacksons Gap
Jacksonville
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
43
Name.
Height.
Name.
Height.
Killen
622
Milhous
159
Kimbrell
491
Millerville
815
Kimberly
446
Milltown
639
Kings
364
Milstead
205
Kirkland
137
Milton's Bluff
537
Kushla
34
Minooka
565
Kymulga
427
Mitchell
252
Lacon
602
Mobile .
8
Ladiga
659
Mobile (Custom House)
12
Lafayette
843
Mobile ( Bienville Square)
15
Lake Lanier
122
Montevallo
418
Lamison
125
Montgomery
160
Lane
954
Moore Hill
1,152
Lanette
694
Morris
413
Larkinsville
622
Morrisville
556
Laurel Mountain
1,576
Moshat
663
Lawrence
589
Mosteller
421
Lax
650
Moundville
164
Lebanon
812
Mountainboro
1,100
Lee
108
Mount Jefferson
837
Leeds
624
Mount Meigs
174
Leesburg
590
Mount Vernon
49
Leesdale
610
Munford
613
Legrande
280
Muscadine
945
Leighton
572
Mynard
1,256
Letohatchie
298
Narvo
538
Lily Flagg
595
Natural Bridge
751
Lim Rock
616
Nenemoosha
7
Lincoln
503
Neshota
22
Lineville
1,007
Newcastle
516
Linwood
357
New Decatur
570
Littleton
615
New Market
719
Littleville
681
New Orleans Junction.
117
Livingston
160
New Site
856
Loachapoka
676
Newton
216
Lock
491
Nicholson Gap
1,221
Locust Mountain
1,250
Nixburg
731
Logan
139
Normal
722
Lomax
623
Notasulga
495
Longview
563
Nottingham
453
Louina
617
Oakey, Mount
1,945
Lowndesboro
198
Oak Grove
226
Lugo
363
Lynn
710
Oak Mountain Tunnel
777
McAding
697
Obars Gap
686
McCalla
487
Ocampo
548
McDowell
93
Old Davisville
724
McFall
594
Oleander
1,010
McGehee
241
Olga
385
McIntosh
50
Olmstead
279
Mack
609
Opelika
820
Mackey
576
Orchard
165
Madison
673
Owassa
393
Madison Crossroads
808
Oxanna
666
Magazine
8
Oxanna Junction
680
Manack
191
Oxford
647
Maplesville
338
Oxmoor
645
Margerum
434
Ozark
400
Marion
263
Paint Rock
599
Marion Junction
204
Paint Rock Ridge
611
Massillon
177
Palos
334
Matthews
262
Parker
267
Maysville
688
Parkwood
562
Maxwell
167
Pegram
415
Mellow Valley
826
Pelham
440
Mercury
760
Pell City
567
Midland
367
Perry Gap
552
Midway
506
Petit Gap
1,123
Miles
168
Phelan
740
Lydla
1,229
Oak Mountain
950
Oak, Mount 1,790
44
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Name.
Height.
Name.
Height.
Phil Campbell
1,010
Slackland
605
Piedmont
704
Slades
53
Pike Road
295
Smallwood
420
Pinchona
209
Smithers Mountain
1,488
Pinchard
374
Smith's Station
519
Pine Hill
110
Snowdoun
325
Pinkneyville
732
Somerville
718
Pinson
611
Sparta
186
Plantersville
234
Speigner
288
Plateau
35
Spring Garden
695
Pleasant Gap
687
Spring Hill .
312
Plevna
847
Spring Junction
558
Pochontas
450
Spring Valley
468
Pollard
73
Springville
717
Powderly
516
Spruce Pine
1,024
Powers
137
Standiford
565
Pratt City
533
Stanton
292
Prattville Junction
162
Steele
600
Prides
432
Sterrett Siding
501
Pulpit Rock
2,018
Stevenson
622
Rabbittown Gap
899
Stewart
150
Ramer
500
Stone Hill
1,126
Randolph
541
Stones
156
Rayburn
617
Strasburg
679
Reads Mill
540
Stroud
852
Red Oak Church
1,202
Sturdevant
502
Reese
589
Suggsville
124
Reids
593
Sulligent
323
Reinlap
669
Sulphur Springs Mountain
1,036
Repton
379
Summit Mountain
1,171
Republic
401
Sunflower
28
Rileys
295
Sunny South
166
Riverside
485
Suspension
431
Riverton Junction
418
Swanson
606
Roanoke
845
Swearengin
1,358
Robinson Springs
369
Sycamore
546
Rock City
1,724
Sylacanga
547
Rock Pile
887
Tacoa
408
Rock Run
750
Talladega
553
Rockford
734
Tallossee
202
Roper
793
Tannehill
475
Ross Mountain
1,070
Tayloe
173
Round Mountain
570
Tecumseh
858
Rowe Mountain
1,402
Tennille
345
Rural
310
Terrapin Hill
1,341
Russellville
742
Theodore
50
Safford
219
Thomasville
285
Saint Elmo
130
Thompson
289
Salem
685
Three Notch
492
Sand Fort
504
Town Creek
545
Sand Mountain
838
Townley
342
Sand Mountain Gap
980
Tredegar
612
Saragossa
538
Trinity
632
Sayreton
632
Trussville
692
Scottsboro
652
Turkey Heaven Mountain.
1,618
Scraper Mountain Seale
1,744
Tuscaloosa
222
Searcy
457
Tyler
167
Seddon
502
Tyson
227
Selma
127
Tysonville
199
Sewell
1,254
Union Springs
485
Sheffield
481
Uniontown
284
Shelby Springs
512
Valley Head
1,021
Shepard Gap
1,070
Vance
505
Shorters
195
Van Dorn
111
Siluria
479
Venetia
7
Silver Run
622
Verbena
450
Simmes
245
Veto
154
Six Mile
333
Vienna
590
Saunders Mountain
1,370
Troy
581
357
Tuscumbia
480
45
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Name.
Height.
Village Springs
685
Vincent
411
Vine Hill
212
Wadsworth
412
Wager
36
Waldrep
1,311
Walker Springs
72
Wallace
169
Walnut Grove
862
Warner Mountain
1,468
Warnock Knob
1,459
Warrior
551
Waterloo
421
Waverly
810
Wawbeck
274
Weaver
727
Wedowee
854
Weems
818
Wehadkee
972
Weisner
1,900
Wellington
542
Welshs Mill
246
Weogufka
600
West End
544
Western Junction
118
Wetumpka
177
Wharten
569
Whatley
118
Wheeler
592
Whistler
41
White Plains
721
Whitehall
165
Whitney
603
Wilhite
610
Wilson Mountain
1,180
Williams Crossroads
504
Wilmer
200
Wilsons Ridge
714
Wilsonville
433
Winfield
469
Winston Gap
1,229
Woodlawn
653
Woods Ferry
.373
Woodstock
510
Woodville
616
Woodward
481
York
150
Youngblood
390
Zion, Mount
804
See Areas, State and County.
REFERENCES .- Gannett, A dictionary of alti- tudes in the United States, 4th ed. (U. S. Geol. Survey, Bulletin, No. 274, 1906), pp. 21- 35; Results of spirit leveling in Alabama, etc., 1896 to 1909 (Ibid, Bulletin No. 441, 1911), pp. 7-31; Results of spirit leveling in Alabama, 1911 (Ibid, Bulletin, No. 517, 1912).
ALTOONA. Post office and modern min- ing town in the southwest corner of Etowah County, on the Louisville & Nashville Rail- road, 5 miles south of Walnut Grove and 22 miles west of Gadsden, Population: 1912- 1,071; 1916-2,000. The town is situated in a valley in the centre of the coal-mining country. The first mine in the locality was opened by the Underwood Coal Co., but is now operated by the Gulf States Coal Co. The valley also comprises rich farm lands. The
town has cotton warehouses, and a ginnery, two sawmills, a gristmill, and planing mill. It has no indebtedness, and has never issued a bond.
REFERENCE .- Manuscript data in the Ala- bama Department of Archives and History.
ALTRURIAN COLLEGE. A former private school for young men and women, located at Cullman; established by The Altrurian Order of Mystics, 1899; and now closed.
REFERENCE .- Catalogue, 1899.
ALUM. See Copperas.
AMENDMENTS, CONSTITUTIONAL. See Constitutional Amendments, the State; Con- stitutional Amendments, U. S.
AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY. An industrial corporation, organized in January, 1893, in Connecticut, incorporated June 30, 1893, as the Agawa Co., and name changed to the present title, April 10, 1899; capital stock authorized- $50,000,000 preferred, $50,000,000 common, total, $100,000,000, outstanding, $27,558,200 preferred, $18,430,900, total, $45,989,100; shares, $100; both classes of stock listed on New York and Boston stock exchanges; funded debt, $17,569,000; property in Ala- bama-a fertilizer plant at Montgomery; engages in the manufacture and sale of fer- tilizers, glue, gelatine, bone-black, and other by-products; owns and operates 55 other plants located in the agricultural sections throughout the United States, and extensive tracts of phosphate lands in Florida; offices: New York.
REFERENCES .- Poor's manual of industrials, 1916, pp. 1416-1419.
AMERICAN CAST IRON PIPE COMPANY. An industrial corporation, incorporated October 10, 1905, in Georgia; capital stock- $1,000,000 authorized, $500,000 outstanding; shares, $100; no funded debt; property owned in Alabama-real estate, plant and equipment at Birmingham; offices: Birming- ham.
REFERENCES .- Poor's manual of industrials, 1916, p. 1425.
AMERICAN COTTON ASSOCIATION, ALABAMA DIVISION. An association of planters, business men, and other interested parties in the raising of cotton. The Ala- bama Division includes a large number in this State. William Howard Smith, Autauga County, is President, with W. R. Green, Sec- retary. Joseph O. Thompson is general man- ager for the State. Headquarters are at Montgomery. Local chapters are scattered throughout the cotton raising sections of the State.
REFERENCES .- Mss. data in the Alabama De- partment of Archives and History.
AMERICAN DISTRICT TELEGRAPH COM- PANY OF NEW JERSEY. A public utility corporation, chartered in the State of New
46
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Jersey in November, 1901, as a holding com- pany to control about 100 district messenger companies operated in the towns and cities of the United States; capital stock .- author- ized $10,000,000, outstanding $9,965,351; shares, $100; funded debt $291,000. The company has a 25-year contract with the Western Union Telegraph Co. for the handling of the latter's messenger business, but on January 1, 1911, it leased the messenger business back to the Western Union Tele- graph Co. for an annual rental. Since the lease took effect the American District Tele- graph Co. has operated no property nor transacted any active business in the State. Offices-Jersey City, N. J.
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