USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 36
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
tigue. The party left Alabama at the Chatta- hoochee, near what later became Fort Mitchell. At Richmond Burr was confined un- til his trial. On being arraigned for treason he was acquitted. He was then placed on trial for a misdemeanor, and again acquitted.
REFERENCES .- Pickett, History of Alabama (Owen's ed., 1900) pp. 488-502; Hamilton, Colonial Mobile (1910), pp. 383-384, 573; Par- ton, Life and Times of Aaron Burr (1882), vol. 2, pp. 93-106; American Historical Magazine, Nashville, Tenn., 1896, vol. 1, pp. 140-153; Gulf States Historical Magazine, 1903-04, vol. 2, pp. 372-380; Southern History Association, Publi cations, 1899, vol. 3, pp. 176, 265; and Ravesies, Scenes and Settlers of Alabama (1886), p. 31.
BUSINESS COLLEGES. See Commercial Education.
BUTLER. County seat of Choctaw County, on Warlock Creek, near the central part of the county, about 8 miles east of West Butler, the nearest railroad shipping-point, and about 7 miles west of the Tombigbee River. Pop- ulation: 1870-200; 1880-200; 1910-200. The same act of the legislature of 1847-48 that erected Choctaw County, provided for the choosing of the county seat and the locat- ing of the courthouse. Butler was chosen and named in honor of Col. Pierce Butler, of South Carolina, killed during the Mexican War. The Choctaw Bank (State) is located in the town, and the Choctaw Advocate, a Democratic weekly newspaper, established in 1890, is published there. Its principal in- dustries are a gristmill, a cotton ginnery, a cotton warehouse, and general stores. Its churches are the Baptist, and the Methodist Episcopal, South. Among the early settlers were the Houston, Gilmer, and Moody fam- ilies.
REFERENCES .- Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 277; Brewer, Alabama (1872), p. 171; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 182; Polk's Alabama gazet- teer, 1888-9, p. 243; Alabama Official and Statis- tical Register, 1915.
BUTLER COUNTY. Created by the first session of the state legislature, December 13, 1819. Its territory was taken from Monroe and Conecuh counties, but was originally a part of the Creek Indian lands, ceded August 9, 1814. On the formation of Covington County, December 18, 1821, and Crenshaw, November 24, 1866, its area was reduced on the east. The county contains 763 square miles, or 488,320 acres.
The name of the county as originally pro- posed and which was reported in the bill, was Fairfield, probably so given because of the large number of settlers, who had come from the upper portion of South Carolina. However, on final passage the name Butler was adopted, in honor of the brave and ad- venturous Capt. William Butler, a soldier in the Indian Wars of 1813-14. He was one of the early settlers in the county, but soon after his arrival he was killed by Creek In- dians, and his body horribly mutilated, March 20, 1818.
The act creating the county named Micajah Wade, John Carter, Sr., George Harrison, Hilary Herbert and Taliaferro Livingston as commissioners, "to fix on a suitable place for the seat of justice," with power to purchase "not exceeding a fourth section of land" for the site chosen, and to erect a court house and jail. Acting under the authority of this act the commissioners named Fort Dale as the temporary seat of justice, pending a per- manent location. There the first court in the county was held, Judge Anderson Cren- shaw presiding. The next session of the legis- lature, December 7, 1820, authorized the commissioners to lay off the land they had secured, and to sell the lots. A subsequent act of December 15, 1821, appointed Ward Taylor and Isaac Cook commissioners in place of Carter and Livingston, "who have declined acting."
Nine days later another act was passed, providing "that Buttsville shall be, and the same is hereby made the permanent seat of justice in and for the county of Butler," and authorizing an "extra tax" levy of one-half the state tax for the building of a court-house and jail. The town of Buttsville had been settled by enterprising South Carolinians in 1819, and named in honor of Capt. Samuel Butts, a patriotic Georgian, who was killed at the hattle of Calebee, January 27, 1814. The legislature, in response to the appeal of the South Carolinians changed the name to Greenville, December 28, 1822. On May 22, preceding, the town had been laid out, lots sold, and a frame court house erected. It was burned in 1852, and all county records lost, but it was at once rebuilt. In 1871 it was replaced by a brick building.
The first election precincts were fixed at "Fort Dale, or the most convenient house thereto," and at the house of Jesse Womack, December 13, 1819; at the house of Hartwell Elder, December 7, 1820; at Buttsville (Greenville) December 15, 1820, and on the same date that at Fort Dale was discon- tinued.
Location and Physical Description .- It lies in the southcentral section of the state, about midway between the eastern and western boundaries. On its north are Lowndes and Wilcox, on the east Crenshaw, on the south Covington and Conecuh, and on the west Conecuh, Monroe and Wilcox counties. Its surface is quite varied, with a hilly or rolling topography. Limited areas of level land are however frequently found on the high pla- teaus and on the lowlands along the streams. Its irregular and broken topography are to be ascribed not so much to the presence of old established hills as to the occurrence of many deep gulleys, which the streams have eroded through the otherwise level plain. A ridge extends across the county in a southwesterly direction dividing it into two unequal parts. North of the ridge lies the northwestern sec- tion of the county, whose streams flow into the Alabama River. The larger part lies to the southeast. The drainage of this area goes into rivers draining into Pensacola Bay. Between Wolf and Cedar creeks is another
182
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
ridge 10 miles or more in length, of rough and rugged topography, ranging from 100 to 200 feet above the adjacent bottoms. The streams in the northwestern section of the county are Cedar, Wolf, Breastwork, and Pine Barren creeks. Those to the east and south of the ridge are Sepulga River, and Pigeon, Persimmon, Three Runs, Mill, Hall, Rocky, Panther, Duck, and Long creeks.
Butler County is situated in the Coastal Plain. Its soils are varied. These are de- rived from the weathering or reworking of marine deposits, and broadly speaking con- sist of upland or sedimentary soils, and the lowland or alluvial soils. Geologically the formation of the soils dates from the Cre- taceous, the Tertiary and the present. Most of the alluvial soils are found in the southern half of the county. The county has 16 distinct soil types, all of which are common to the other states of the Gulf coast. Prac- tically all are productive, and respond well to good cultivation and fertilization. The products of the county are noted in detail in the statistics below. Special note in addition is to be made of the growth of the trucking industry. Fruits, vegetables, grasses for pasturage, berries, melons, and a high grade of Cuban filler tobacco are all profitably grown. Stock raising is also profitable.
The forest growth consists of longleaf and shortleaf pine, oak, ash, sour and sweet gum, hickory, cedar, poplar, with some chestnut. Its climate is mild and temperate. The sum- mers are long, but the heat is tempered by cool Gulf breezes, and the winters are short, with only exceptional cases of long periods of cold. The mean temperature of the county for June, July and August is approximately 80° F., and for December, January and Feh- ruary about 40º F. The mean annual pre- cipitation is approximately 52.40 inches, with a good distribution throughout the year.
Aboriginal History .- Mounds are to be found in different localities in the county. In almost all cases they are on the creeks and low places. Among these are: one on Cedar Creek below Sixteenth bridge; one above Steen's Ford near the old Creampot Springs; one on Cedar Creek; two on Long Creek in the Bennett settlement; two on Pigeon Creek, on Lovet B. Wilson's plantation; sev- eral on the banks of Persimmon Creek; and one on the farm of H. C. Smith one-fourth mile from the southeast corner of the county. Cultivation has reduced them prac- tically to the level of the surrounding ground. In these mounds hones and personal belong- ings have been found, indicating their use as burial mounds.
Settlement and Later History .- The earliest settlers entered the county by way of the Federal Road. The first settler was James K. Benson, who built a house in Pine Flat in 1815. Very soon William Oglesby and John Dickerson settled with their families on the Federal Road, about three miles below where Fort Dale was afterwards erected. In the fall of 1816 Thomas Hill and his two sons, Reuben and Josiah Hill, Warren A. Thomp- son, Captain John H. Watts, and Benjamin
Hill, and his son Isaac Hill, came from Georgia. These families brought their live stock, wagons, household effects, farming tools, with provisions to last for a year, and settled in the dense forests of Pine Flat. In the fall and winter of 1817, many other emigrants arrived, some settling near Fort Dale, others on the headwaters of Cedar Creek. Among these settlers were the fam- ilies of Thomas Gary, Colonel H. T. Perry, James D. K. Garrett, and Andrew Jones. John Murphy and Alpheus Carter settled at Butler Springs. Emigration was checked by the Indian disturbances in the early spring of 1818. When these troubles came to an end in the following October, there was a great increase of emigration to Southwest Alabama. In the closing months of 1818, and early in 1819, there came to the county the Dunklin, Herbert, Bolling, Graydon, Judge, Farmer, Hutchinson, Burnett, Pickens, Smith, Cald- well, Cook, Waters, Jones, Dulaney, Deming, and Black families. Many settled near where Greenville was later to be located. Soon afterward there followed the families of Car- ter, Arrington, Peavy, Donaldson, Jones, Manning, Levingston, Crenshaw, Womack and others, who made homes for themselves in different parts of the county. Among some of the early settlers that came prior to or in the years immediately after 1821, were James F. Barganier, Aaron Butler, William Porter- field, David Elder, Wehster Gilbert, and John Bolling.
There were no mills and gins in the county for several years after its first settlement. Corn was ground in a hand mill, or pounded into meal in a wooden mortar. Only enough cotton was raised for domestic purposes, and the seeds were separated from the lint by picking with the fingers. But the demand for mills and gins after some years brought about their erection.
In 1818 the county was the scene of troubles with refractory Creek Indians. On March 13 of that year they cruelly massacred William Oglesby, his four children, and Mrs. Elias Stroud.
On March 20, 1818, another cruel mas- sacre took place. Capt. William Butler lo- cated in the county in 1817. Shortly after- wards the Indians began to create disturb- ances by attacking the settlers, driving off stock, and in other ways making themselves a menace. Rude defenses had been erected, all in the northwestern section of the county, known as Fort Bihb, Fort Gary and Fort Dale. On the day referred to, a week after the Oglesby massacre, William P. Gardner, Daniel Shaw and John Hinson, in company with Capt. William Butler and Capt. James Saffold, set out from Fort Bibb to carry an important message to Fort Dale. They were well armed. They took the trail along Pine Barren Creek. About 4 miles away they were fired upon by a band of Indians under Sa- vannah Jack. Gardner and Shaw were im-
mediately killed. Butler and Hinson were wounded and thrown from their horses, but the latter regained his seat and hurried back to the fort. A detachment was sent out the
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
next day by Col. Sam Dale. The dead had been horribly mutilated.
Later in the spring the Indians stole sev- eral horses and cattle from the vicinity of Fort Bibb. They were pursued. William Cogburn of the militia was killed. Because of fear of Indian attacks, the people re- mained in or near the forts during the greater part of 1818. During the fall of that year the Indians had either withdrawn or been driven from the region, and the families re- turned to their homes.
Agricultural Statistics .- From U. S. Cen- sus, 1910:
Farms and Farmers.
Number of all farms, 4,211. Color and nativity of farmers: Native white, 2,177. Foreign-boru white, 9. Negro and other non-white, 2,034. Number of farms, classified by size: Under 3 acres, 1.
3 to 9 acres, 109.
10 to 19 acres, 401.
20 to 49 acres, 1,705.
50 to 99 acres, 883.
100 to 174 acres, 580.
175 to 259 acres, 204.
260 to 499 acres, 135. 500 to 999 acres, 34.
1,000 acres and over, 18.
Land and Farm Area.
Approximate land area, 488,320 acres. Land in farms, 338,358 acres. Improved land in farms, 153,356 acres. Woodland in farms, 162,230 acres. Other unimproved land in farms, 22,772 acres.
Value of Farm Property. All farm property, $5,512,675. Land, $3,101,793. Buildings, $1,244,185. Implements and machinery, $222,872. Domestic animals, poultry, and bees, $943,825. Average values: All property per farm, $1,309. Land and buildings per farm, $1,03.2. Land per acre, $9.17.
Domestic Animals (Farms and Ranges).
Farms reporting domestic animals, 3,921. Domestic animals, $914,667.
Cattle: total, 13,536; value, $177,751. Dairy cows only, 5,556. Horses: total, 1,602; value, $167,968. Mules: total, 3,685; value, $486,448. Asses and burros: total, 7; value, $1,470. Swine: total, 27.020; value, $77,610. Sheep: total, 1,663; value, $2,547. Goats: total, 1,125; value, $875.
Poultry and Bees. All poultry, 76,342; value, $25,073. Bee colonies, 3,301; value, $4,085.
Farms Operated by Owners.
Number of farms, 1,659. Per cent of all farms, 39.4.
Land in farms, 216,703 acres.
Improved land in farms, 73,648 acres. Land and buildings, $2,668,812. Farms of owned land only, 1,465. Farms of owned and hired land, 194.
Native white owners, 1,283.
Foreign-born white, 0.
Negro and other nonwhite, 376.
Farms Operated by Tenants.
Number of farms, 2,550. Per cent of all farms, 60.6.
Land in farms, 121,345 acres.
Improved land in farms, 79,508 acres.
Land and buildings, $1,668,891.
Share tenants, 970.
Share-cash tenants, 66.
Cash tenants, 1,484.
Tenure not specified, 30.
Native white tenants, 892.
Foreign-born white, 0.
Negro and other nonwhite, 1,658.
Farms Operated by Managers.
Number of farms, 2. Land in farms, 310 acres.
Improved land in farms, 200 acres.
Value of land and buildings, $8,275.
Live Stock Products. DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Milk: Produced, 1,057,581; sold, 2,927 gallons.
Cream sold, 0 gallons.
Butter fat sold, 0 pounds.
Butter: Produced, 350,602; sold, 19,133 pounds.
Cheese: Produced, 0; sold, 0 pounds.
Dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream, $71,828.
Sale of dairy products, $4,302.
POULTRY PRODUCTS.
Poultry: Number raised, 153,406; sold,
28,085.
Eggs: Produced, 257,517; sold, 65,608
dozens.
Poultry and eggs produced, $77,908. Sale of poultry and eggs, $17,640.
HONEY AND WAX.
Honey produced, 18,371 pounds. Wax produced, 958 pounds. Value of honey and wax produced, $1,977.
WOOL, MOHAIR, AND GOAT HAIR.
Wool, fleeces shorn, 1,217. Mohair and goat hair, fleeces shorn, 0. Wool and mohair produced, $854.
Domestic Animals Sold or Slaughtered.
Calves-Sold or slaughtered, 206. Other cattle-Sold or slaughtered, 3,092. Horses, mules, and asses and burros -- Sold, 109.
Swine-Sold or slaughtered, 12,097. Sheep and goats-Sold or slaughtered, 233. Sale of animals, $35,435. Value of animals slaughtered, $114,550.
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Value of All Crops.
Totals, $2,427,182.
Cereals, $427,636.
Other grains and seeds, $53,638.
Hay and forage, $36,399.
Vegetables, $151,973.
Fruits and nuts, $18,795.
All other crops, $1,738,741.
Selected Crops (Acres and Quantity). Cereals: total, 46,142 acres; 466,793 bushels.
Corn, 40,718 acres; 394,986 bushels.
Oats, 5,424 acres; 71,807 bushels.
Wheat, 0 acres; - bushels.
Rye, 0 acres; - bushels.
Kafir corn and milo maize, 0 acres;
bushels. Rice, 0 acres; - bushels.
Other grains:
Dry peas, 1,454 acres; 11,253 bushels.
Dry edible beans, 0 acres; - bushels.
Peanuts, 2,173 acres; 35,262 bushels.
Hay and forage: total, 2,224; 3,031 tons. All tame or cultivated grasses, 750 acres; 1,079 tons.
Wild, salt, or prairie grasses, 257 acres; 248 tons.
Grains cut green, 1,175 acres; 1,480 tons.
Coarse forage, 42 acres; 224 tons. Special crops:
Potatoes, 156 acres, 11,037 bushels
Sweet potatoes and yams, 1,148 acres; 86,378 bushels.
All other vegetables, 1,029 acres.
Tobacco, 0 acres; 220 pounds.
Cotton, 69,529 acres; 20,638 bales.
Cane-sugar, 747 acres; 7,194 tons. Sirup made, 98,463 gallons.
Cane-sorghum, 60 acres; 501 tons. Sirup made, 4,575 gallons.
Fruits and Nuts.
Orchard fruits: total, 38,135 trees; 15,187 bushels.
Apples, 7,290 trees; 3,541 bushels.
Peaches and nectarines, 26,357 trees; 8,364 bushels.
Pears, 3,310 trees; 2,690 bushels.
Plums and prunes, 932 trees; 447 bushels.
Cherries, 25 trees; 2 bushels.
Quinces, 127 trees; 23 bushels.
Grapes, 342 vines; 9,500 pounds. Tropical fruits: total, 1,757 trees. Figs, 1,737 trees; 48,601 pounds. Oranges, 0 trees; - boxes.
Small fruits: total, 19 acres; 21,188 quarts. Strawberries, 17 acres; 19,050 quarts. Nuts: total, 2,154 trees; 9,486 pounds. Pecans, 2,109 trees; 8,736 pounds.
Labor, Fertilizer and Feed. Labor-Farms reporting, 1,668. Cash expended, $122,042. Rent and board furnished, $19.238. Fertilizer-Farms reporting, 3,333. Amount expended, $221,863.
Feed-Farms reporting, 1,465. Amount expended, $63,675.
Receipts from sale of feedable crops, $8,- 083.
Domestic Animals Not on Farms.
Inclosures reporting domestic animals, 566. Value of domestic animals, $65,816. Cattle: total, 872; value, $21,123. Number of dairy cows, 488. Horses: total, 224; value, $31,186.
Mules and asses and burros: total, 74; value, $10,375.
Swine: total, 694; value, $2,011. Sheep and goats: total, 40; value, $121.
Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lications of the U. S. Bureau of the Census.
White
Negro
Total
1820
835
570
1405
1830
3904
1746
5650
1840
6192
2493
8685
1850
7162
3674
10836
1860
11260
6862
18122
1870
8590
6391
14981
1880
10684
8965
19649
1890
11326
10315
21641
1900
12514
13246
25761
1910
13654
15373
29030
Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to De- cember 31, 1916, from U. S. Official Postal Guide. Figures indicate the number of rural routes from that office.
Bolling
Greenville (ch)-6
Butler Springs-2
Mckenzie-2
Chapman
Monterey-1
Forest Home-1
Mussel
Garland-2
Oakey Streak-1
Georgiana-6
Pigeon Creek-1
Glasgow Searcy
Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .- 1861-S. J. Bolling, John McPherson.
1865-Walter H. Crenshaw, M. C. Lane.
1867-Samuel S. Gardner.
1875-John Gamble, Samuel J. Bolling.
1901-J. Lee Long.
Senators .-
1822-3-John Dandridge Bibb.
1825-6-William Jones.
1828-9-John Watkins.
1830-1-William Hemphill.
1833-4-William Hemphill.
1836-7-Samuel W. Oliver.
1837-8-H. Lee Henderson.
1839-40-Joseph W. Townsend.
1840-1-Jesse Womack.
1842-3-Asa Arrington.
1845-6-Archibald Gilchrist.
1847-8-Thomas J. Judge.
1851-2-Walter H. Crenshaw.
1855-6-F. C. Webb.
1857-8-Thomas J. Burnett.
1861-2-Edmund Harrison.
1865-6-Walter H. Crenshaw. 1868-William Miller, Jr.
1871-2-William Miller, Jr.
1872-3-William Miller, Jr.
1873-William Miller, Jr.
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
1874-5-E. W. Martin.
1875-6-E. W. Martin.
1876-7-J. H. Dunklin.
1878-9-David Buel.
1880-1-G. R. Farnham.
1882-3-G. R. Farnham.
1884-5-J. K. Henry.
1886-7-J. C. Richardson.
1888-9-Nicholas Stallworth.
1890-1-Nicholas Stallworth.
1892-3-R. E. Steiner.
1894-5-P. M. Bruner.
1896-7-A. W. Deans (of Covington).
1898-9-A. W. Deans.
1899 (Spec.)-A. W. Deans.
1900-01-D. M. Powell.
1903-Dempsey Monroe Powell. 1907-C. E. Reid.
1907 (Spec.)-C. E. Reid.
1909 (Spec.)-C. E. Reid.
1911-W. C. Crumpton.
1915-C. F. Winkler.
1919-J. Morgan Prestwood.
Representatives .---
1825-6-Nathaniel Cook.
1826-7-Andrew T. Perry.
1827-8-Nathaniel Cook.
1828-9-Nathaniel Cook.
1829-30-Nathaniel Cook.
1830-1-Nathaniel Cook. 1831-2-Nathaniel Cook.
1832 (Called)-Nathaniel Cook.
1832-3-Nathaniel Cook.
1833-4-Edward Bowen.
1834-5-Edward Bowen; Henderson.
Herndon Lee
1835-6-John W. Womack; Herndon Lee Henderson.
1836-7-Henry T. Jones; Herndon Lee Henderson.
1837 (Called)-Henry T. Jones; Herndon Lee Henderson.
1837-8-Henry T. Jones; Herndon Lee Henderson.
1838-9-Henry T. Jones; Walter H. Cren- shaw.
1839-40-Jesse Womack; James W. Wade. 1840-1-Edward Bowen; Walter H. Cren- shaw.
1841 (Called)-Edward Bowen; Walter H. Crenshaw.
1841-2-Joseph Rhodes; Walter H. Cren- shaw.
1842-3-Thomas Hill Watts; H. L. Hen- derson.
1843-4-William H. Trawick; W. D. K. Taylor. 1844-5 - Thomas Hill Watts; Joseph Rhodes.
1845-6-Thomas Hill Watts; W. D. K. Taylor.
1847-8-Brockman W. Henderson; Walter H. Crenshaw.
1849-50-Edward Bowen; John S. Mc- Mullen.
1851-2-B. W. Henderson; J. S. McMullen. 1853-4-Thomas J. Burnett; James R. Yel- dell.
1855-6-R. R. Wright; J. S. McMullen.
1857-8 - Samuel Adams; A. B. Scar- borough.
1859-60-Samuel Adams; M. C. Lane. 1861 (1st called)-Samuel Adams; M. C. Lane.
1861 (2d called)-Walter H. Crenshaw; Thomas J. Burnett.
1861-2-Walter H. Crenshaw; Thomas J. Burnett.
1862 (Called) - Walter H. Crenshaw; Thomas J. Burnett.
1862-3-Walter H. Crenshaw; Thomas J. Burnett.
1863 (Called) - Walter H. Crenshaw;
S. F. Gafford.
1863-4-Walter H. Crenshaw; S. F. Gaf- ford.
1864 (Called) - Walter H. Crenshaw; S. F. Gafford.
1864-5-Walter H. Crenshaw; S. F. Gaf- ford.
1865-6-Thomas C. Crenshaw; S. F. Gaf- ford.
1866-7-Thomas C. Crenshaw; S. F. Gaf- ford.
1868-John A. Hart.
1869-70-John A. Hart.
1870-1-J. L. Powell.
1871-2-J. L. Powell.
1872-3-N. V. Clopton.
1873-N. V. Clopton.
1874-5-J. F. Tate.
1875-6-J. F. Tate.
1876-7-John Gilchrist; C. Wall.
1878-9-R. S. Hughes; T. A. MeCane.
1880-1-B. Wimberly; N. Wright.
1882-3-D. G. Dunklin.
1884-5-T. J. Judge.
1886-7-R. F. Steiner.
1888-9-T. C. King.
1890-1-L. J. Harrell.
1892-3-John A. Smith.
1894-5-John A. Smith.
1896-7-F. B. Lloyd.
1898-9-J. E. Cheatham.
1899 (Spec.)-J. E. Cheatham.
1900-01-T. H. Crenshaw.
1903 - Rev. George Washington Lee; Henry Bascom Pilley.
1907-W. J. Jones; J. Lee Long.
1907 (Spec.)-W. J. Jones; J. Lee Long.
1909 (Spec.)-W. J. Jones; J. Lee Long. 1911-W. J. Nicholson; J. Lee Long (re- signed).
1915-H. A. Thompson; G. S. Lazenby.
1919-W. I. Lee; J. Lee Long.
REFERENCES .- Toulmin, Digest (1823), in- dex; Brewer, Alabama, p. 145; Berney, Hand- book (1892), p. 272; Riley, Alabama as it is (1893), p. 219; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 225; Alabama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 80; U. S. Soil Survey (1909), with map; Alabama land book (1916), p. 44; Ala. Official and Statistical Register, 1903-1915, 5 vols .; Ala. Anthropological Society, Hand- book (1910); Geol. Survey of Ala., Agricultural features of the State (1883) ; The Valley re- gions of Alabama parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Underground Water resources of Alabama (1907); U. S. Bureau of the Census, Abstract
186
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
of the 13th Census, with supplement for Alabama (1913) ; J. B. Little, History of Butler County, Ala. (1885), with map; and Rev. C. F. Crenshaw, "Indian massacres in Butler County in 1818," in Ala. Hist. Society. Transactions, 1899-1903, vol. 4, pp. 99-101; Pick- ett, History of Alabama (Owen's ed., 1900), pp. 618-620.
BUTTAHATCHEE RIVER. A large creek, tributary to the Tombigbee River (q. v.), hav- ing its source in Marion County and flowing southwestwardly, through Marion and the northern extremity of Lamar County, to its junction with the Tombigbee, about 20 miles above Columbus, Miss. It is not classed as a navigable stream. No surveys nor appro- riations for its improvement have been made by the United States Government.
In December, 1820, the Alabama Legisla- ture passed an act authorizing Anthony Win- ston, William Wilson, Jesse VanHoose, James Davis, Robert Gillespie, Isaac Anderson, James Moore, William Metcalf, Jabez Fitz- gerald, Lemuel Bean, J. S. Fulton, Richard Ellis, and John D. Terrell, to raise by lot- tery a sum not exceeding $30,000, to be appropriated exclusively to the improvement of the navigation of the Buttahatchee River. The act provided that "within a convenient and reasonable time after the lottery shall have been drawn," the work of improving the river should be let by contract to the lowest bidder. What work was done if anything, under this authority is not known.
REFERENCE .- Acts, 1820, pp. 34-35.
CAANTAKALAMOO. A branch of a la- goon on the lower Tombigbee, as shown by the map accompanying Bernard Romans' Florida. The word is Choctaw, and correctly rendered is Kantak ai almo, but being rapidly pronounced, Cantakalmo. It means "china brier there gathered," that is, Kantak, "china brier," almo, "gathered." The root of the china brier was a common article of food among the southern Indians, and probably it grew plentifully in the vicinity, a circum- stance giving it the name.
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