USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 54
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131 | Part 132 | Part 133 | Part 134 | Part 135 | Part 136 | Part 137 | Part 138
The officers elected were James L. Williams, probate judge; Wm. D. Haynes, clerk of the circuit court and W. L. Dick, sheriff.
Location and Physical Description .- It lies in the east central section of the state. On the north it is bounded by Talladega and Cleburne counties, on the east by Randolph, on the south by Tallapoosa and Coosa, and on the west of Talladega county. In its area are included parts of two physiographic provin- ces, the Apalachian Mountain, which covers about one-sixth of the extreme western por- tion of the county, and the Piedmont Plateau, the remainder. The topography is undulating and mountainous and consists of a series of parallel ridges and valleys extending in a gen- eral northeasterly and southwesterly direc- tion, with intervening broad and rolling areas. The Talladega Mountains constitute the largest and highest of the ridges, and lie in the western part of the county. They range in height from 500 to 1100 feet above the surrounding country and 1500 to 2000 feet above the sea level. The slopes are rocky and steep, and in many places narrow gorges have worked their way almost back to the crests. South and east of these mountains lies Red Ridge, extending from the northeastern corner of the county to the vicinity of Millerville. The elevations of this range are about 1200 to 1700 feet above sea level. Between Talladega Mountains and Red Ridge lies Shinbone Val- ley. The county lies in the drainage basins of the Coosa and Tallapoosa. There are no large watercourses. The principal water- shed runs southward from Cleburne County following the Talladega Mountains. West of this divide the streams flow to the west and south into the Coosa River; and to the east the drainage is Into the Tallapoosa River. Twenty-two types of soil, exclusive of rough stony land, are recorded for the county. About 96 per cent is residual, 3 percent allu-
vial and 1 percent colluvial. The loam and stony loam types of soil predominate. In its forests are found longleaf and shortleaf pine, several species of oak, sweet gum, beach, popular, elm and cedar. The climate includes long summers and short mild winters. The mean annual temperature approximates 63° F. The highest temperature recorded at the nearest station, Goodwater, Coosa County, is 105° F., and the lowest 8º F. It is proper to note that in the higher mountain sections there is a difference of several degres from the temperature in the lower ranges of the county. The average rainfall Is about 52 inches, the precipitation being generally very well distributed throughout the year. Details of the character and extent of productions are noted in the statistics below.
Aboriginal History .- Remains of aboriginal life are met with in many sections of the county. The territory is included in the Creek lands last to be ceded, March 24, 1832 and the Upper Creek towns of Anati tchapko, a Hillabi village on a northern tributary of Hillabi Creek; Hillabi on Koufadi Creek; 'Laundshi Apala, 15 miles above Hillabi; and Uktaha-Sa'si a branch of Hillabi town, were all in its boundaries. Some of the former town sites can be identified at the present time. A stone mound is recorded in sec. 26 T. 19. S., R. 7 E., as well as ancient mica quarries. Stone pipes found throughout the locality show large admixtures of mica, and many objects of granite are noted.
Farm, Livestock and Crop Statistics, 1917.
The statistics below are given for illustra- tive purposes, and, in tabular form, without any attempt at comparison or analysis. They were gathered under the direction of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Number of all farms, 1,720.
Acres cultivated, 130.150. Acres in pasture, 54,930.
Farm Animals:
Horses and mules, 5,040.
Milk cows, 3,660.
Other cattle, 4,060. Brood Sows, 1,060.
Other hogs. 5.030.
Sheep, 1,130.
Selected Crops (Acres and Quantity) .- Corn, 56,920 acres; 791,680 bushels. Cotton, 20,400 acres; 4,910 bales. Peanuts. 2.600 acres; 26,400 bushels. Velvet Beans, 8,270 acres; 19,210 tons.
Hay. 3,730 acres; 3,370 tons.
Syrup cane, 1,900 acres; 127.000 gallons. Cowpeas, 6.670 acres; 27,260 bushels. Sweet potatoes, 1.000 acres; 87,500 bushels. Irish potatoes, 160 acres; 9,810 bushels. Oats, 3,370 acres; 13,190 bushels.
Wheat, 3,050 acres; 16,160 bushels.
Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to July 1, 1917, from U. S. Official Postal Guide. (Figures indicate the number of rural routes from that office. )
Ashland (ch)-5 Crawford-2
Clairmont Springs Delta-3
276
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Hollins-1
Lineville-4
Millerville-3
Pyriton-2 Quenelda
Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lications of the U. S. Bureau of the Census:
White
Negro
Total
1870
8,823
737
9,560
1880
11,870
1,068
12,938
1890
14,061
1,704
15,765
1900
15,215
1,884
17,099
1910 18,358 2,648 21,006
Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .- 1867-Thomas Adams.
1875-J. H. White.
1901-E. A. Phillips.
Senators-
1868-Green T. McAfee.
1871-2-G. T. McAfee.
1872-3-A. Cunningham.
1873-A. Cunningham.
1874-5-A. Cunningham.
1875-6-A. Cunningham.
1876-7-M. G. Slaughter.
1878-9-P. N. Duncan.
1880-1 -- P. N. Duncan.
1882-3-Merritt Street.
1884-5 --- Merritt Street.
1886-7-Cecil Browne.
1888-9 -- Cecil Browne.
1890-1-W. M. Lackey.
1892-3-W. M. Lackey.
1894-5-H. L. McElderry.
1896-7-Hugh L. McElderry.
1898-9-John R. McCain.
1899 (Spec.)-John R. McCain.
1900-01-J. R. McCain.
1303-Walter Scott Smith.
1907-D M. White. 1907 (Spec.)-D. M. White.
1909-D. M. White.
1911-W. B. Merrill.
1915-J. R. McCain.
1919-O. T. Smith.
Representatives .- 1870-1-J. H. White.
1868-T. W. Newsom.
1869-70-T. W. Newsom.
1871-2-J. H. White.
1872-3-J. H. White. 1873-J. H. White.
1874-5-James D. Barron.
1875-6- James D. Barron.
1876-7-L. A. Gibson. .
1878-9-J. M. Kennedy.
1880-1-T. W. Newsom.
1882-3-J. D. Carmichael.
1884-5-Wm. Ingram.
1886-7-W. C. Simmons.
1888-9-J. A. J. Nelson. 1890-1-T. H. Howle. 1892-3-Robert D. Evans.
1894-5-J. C. Manning. 1896-7-D. M. Carmichael.
1899 (Spec.)-H. Clay Knight.
1899 (Spec. )-H. Clay Knight. 1900-01-J. D. Carmichael. 1903-William H. Preston.
1907-J. D. Carmichael.
1907 (Spec.)-J. D. Carmichael.
1909 (Spec.)-J. D. Carmichael.
1911-W. H. Preston.
1915-W. R. Pruett.
1919-F. J. Ingram.
See Anatichopka; Ashland; Clairmont Springs; Enitachopko. Battle of; Graphite; Hillabi; Lanudshi Apala; Lineville; North- east Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical Institute; Soils and Soil Surveys; Uktaka- sa'si.
REFERENCES .- Acts, 1866-67, p. 92; 1869-70, p. 434; Brewer, Alabama, p. 182; Berney, Hand- book (1892), p. 279; Riley, Alabama as it is (1893), p. 103; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 127; Alabama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 90; U. S. Soil Survey (-), with map; Alabama land book (1916), p. 51; Ala. Official and Statistical Register, 1903-1915, 5 vols., Ala. Anthropological Society, Handbook (1910) ; Geol. Survey of Ala., Agricultural fea- tures of the State (1883) ; The Valley regions of Alabama, parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Under- ground Water resources of Alabama (1907).
CLAY IRON STONE. See Black Band and Clay Iron Stone.
CLAYS, KAOLINS, AND SHALES. All nonmetal materials varying in composition from that of the vein kaolins to the most Impure aggregations having a clay basis. Many accumulations of clay-like materials are the insoluble residues left from the de- composition of other minerals and rocks, and when not far removed from their sources they are known as residual clays. Kaolin, one of the purest of clays, is formed in this manner, being the residue of decomposed feldspar; but some of the most impure clays are formed by the decomposition of lime- stone and of sundry crystalline rocks.
China Clays .- Those varieties "of clay which are free from iron and burn white at moderate temperatures are called china clays, and are used in the manufacture of porcelain and white earthenware. Some of these clays are quite similar to the vein kaolins, but most of them contain a higher percentage of silica. Clays of this sort are found in Calhoun, Tal- ladega, Cherokee, DeKalb, Etowah, and also, in connection with the Tuscaloosa formation of the Lower Cretaceous in Marion, Colbert, Fayette, Tuscaloosa, and Bibb Counties.
Pottery or Stoneware Clays .- For the manufacture of pottery or stoneware, clays that will burn to a dense, impervious, evenly colored mass at a comparatively low tempera- ture are used. Clays of this kind are found in the Cambrian, Silurian, lower Carbon- iferous, and in the Lower Cretaceous or Tus- caloosa formations in Blount, Cherokee, Col- bert, Elmore, Fayette, Franklin, Lamar, Marion, Pickens, Sumter, and Tuscaloosa Counties, and possibly elsewhere.
Fire Clays .- Some kinds of clays do not fuse when subjected to extremely high tem- perature. These are called fire clays and are used in the manufacture of fire brick. Non- plastic fire clays are called flint clays. They
277
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
are not common in Alabama. A highly siliceous clay containing as much as 85 per cent of silica is of frequent occurrence in the lower Claiborne or buhrstone formation of the Tertiary in Choctaw, Sumter and Clarke Counties. It is very refractory and could no doubt be used successfully in making fire brick.
Plastic fire clays occur in the lower Car- boniferous, the Cambrian, and the Silurian formations, but the Lower Cretaceous, or Tuscaloosa, formation probably contains the most clay of all sorts. The counties in which they are found in considerable quantities are Bibb, Calhoun, Cherokee, DeKalb, Marion, and Tuscaloosa.
Clays and Shales for Portland Cement Making .- This class of materials is found in Bibb, Blount, Elmore, Jefferson, Lamar, Pickens, Tuscaloosa, and Wilcox Counties, in connection with a great variety of geological formations. See also Portland Cement.
Shales and Clays, for Paving Brick, Pressed Brick .- Shales and clays suitable for making paving brick, pressed brick, and other bricks of the better grades, are found in the Carbon- iferous formation in Jefferson County; also here and there in the clay deposits described above. At Coaldale and at the Graves mines near Birmingham vitrified brick for paving have long been extensively manufactured and marketed.
Kaolins .- The kaolins or decomposed feldspars are found in the crystalline or metamorphic rocks, in Cleburne, Clay, Ran- dolph, Lee, Macon, Tallapoosa, Elmore, Coosa and Chilton Counties, and usually associated with veins of coarse-grained gran- ites or pegmatites which intersect the other rocks of this region. Kaolin is most plenti- ful in the northwestern portion of Randolph and adjacent parts of Cleburne and Clay Counties.
REFERENCES .- Smith and McCalley, Inder to mineral resources of Alabama (Geol. Survey of Ala., Bulletin 9, 1904), pp. 33-42; U. S. Geol. Survey, Mineral resources of the United States, 1892, pp. 712-731; Ries, Preliminary report on the clays of Alabama (Geol. Survey of Ala., Bulletin 6, 1900).
CLAYTON. County seat of Barbour County, in the central part of the county, on the headwaters of Pea and the Choctaw- hatchee Rivers, and on the Central of Georgia Railway, 21 miles west of Eufaula. It is on the historic road from Hobdy's Bridge over Pea River to Eufaula, on the Chattahoochee; and was named for Judge Augustine S. Clay- ton of Georgia. Population: 1870-750; 1880-1,000; 1890-997; 1900-998; 1910 -1,130. It is an incorporated town, under the municipal code of 1907. It has electric lights, waterworks, good streets, and paved sidewalks in the business section. Its bank- ing institutions are the Clayton Banking Co. (State), and the Advance Banking Co. (State). The Barbour County Banner, a weekly newspaper established in 1914, is pub- lished there. Its industries are cotton gin- neries, cotton warehouses, sawmill, planing
mill and woodworking plant, wagon factory, blacksmith shops, and general stores. It has public schools, and Presbyterian, Methodist, two Baptist, and two negro churches.
This locality was settled as early as 1818, though only sparsely until 1827. In this year the land upon which Clayton stands was owned by Daniel Lewis. Capt. S. Porter, an Indian trader, was one of the earliest settlers there. His daughter married Chillie McIn- tosh, son of Gen. Wm. McIntosh. the Creek Indian chief; and when the Indians removed West, Capt. Porter and family accompanied them. Matthew Fenn acquired Porter's property.
In 1833, commissioners selected Clayton as the seat of justice, because of its central location. Judge Sion L. Perry, holding court at Louisville, ordered it to adjourn and to meet for the next term at Clayton, as it had been certified to him that a suitable house had been provided. The "suitable house" was 20 feet square, made of round pine logs. with one small window and one door, and was located about where the store of C. C. Greene stood in 1873. The first court held in Clayton was in March, 1834, Judge Ander- son Crenshaw presiding, Harrell Hobdy sheriff; Grand Jury; William Beauchamp, foreman, A. Jones, J. McMinnis, H. Bizzell, J. Winslett, D. McLane, B. D. Sellars, Thomas Warren, H. H. Williams, S. Jones, E. Wise, I. Cadenhead, A. Burleson; Carey Motes, bailiff. The entries on the minutes are in the hand- writing of George Goldthwaite and Jefferson Buford.
Among the distinguished citizens are Gen. Henry D. Clayton, Judge Jere N. Williams, Judge A. H. Alston, Judge Henry D. Clayton, jr., Capt. Alto V. Lee and his sons, Lawrence H., William L., Alto V., jr., and Fitzhugh Lee, and George W. Peach.
REFERENCES,-Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 269; Brewer, Alabama (1872), p. 125; North- ern Alabama (1888), p. 182; Eufaula Times, 1873, circa; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, pp. 268-269; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915; Acts, 1832-33, p. 116.
CLAYTON BRANCH OF THE MOBILE AND GIRARD RAILROAD COMPANY. See Mobile and Girard Railroad Company.
CLEBURNE COUNTY. Created by the legislature December 6, 1866, from the terri- tory of Calhoun, Randolph and Talladega Counties. Its area is 568 square miles or 363,520 acres.
It was given the name of the distinguished Confederate Maj .- Gen. Patrick Ronaine Cle- burne, of Arkansas, who was killed at the Battle of Franklin, November 20, 1864. The name was suggested by Jere Smith of Oxford.
In the act of establishment, J. R. Northcut, Sydney M. Carruth, J. W. Wigginton, A. W. Denman, and Joel H. Cooper were appointed commissioners to organize the county, but as Cooper lived just over the line in Randolph, he did not participate. The others proceeded with the work, with Northcutt as chairman. They ordered an election to be held in July,
278
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
1867, for locating the county seat, and for electing county officers. Edwardsville, Story near Pine Grove Church, and Salem were in the contest, but Edwardsville received the highest number of votes, and was declared selected.
The officers elected were: A. D. Chandler, of Muscadine, judge of probate; Joseph H. Hooper, sheriff; P. H. Groover, clerk of the circuit court; and W. H. Brown, Allen Jen- kins, Merrill Collier and John Brock, county commissioners. The county organized, the commissioners then turned the affairs of the county over to the newly elected officers. The first session of the county court appears to have heen held on April 15 when an allowance for seven days' service each was made to the commissioners for organizing the county. At this term Irvin Owen was appointed county commissioner to take deeds to land donated to the county by J. D. Thompson, William Edwards, and Thompson Burgess. William Bell was appointed county surveyor, who, with the assistance of James Bell located the public square, and laid off into town lots the lands that had been donated. . The court appointed James Baber county treasurer, but on his declining to qualify, W. R. Hunnicutt was named. James M. Wiggins was appointed county superintendent of education, and his salary fixed by the court at $250 per annum. Hugh Montgomery was appointed county at- torney, and Robert J. Martin, coroner. The court also took the necessary steps for the erection of the public buildings.
In 1906 an election was held under the general law of 1903, governing changes of county seats, and Heflin was selected. The validity of the law and the right to act under it were attacked in the case of State ex rel. Brown & Porter, 145 Ala., p. 541, but without success.
Location and Physical Description .- It lies in the northeastern section of the state, and on the east borders the state of Georgia. It is bounded on the north by Cherokee County, on the east by the Georgia line, on the south hy Clay and Randolph, and on the west by Calhoun and Talladega counties. Its western boundary is very irregular. From north to south it extends about 32 miles, while east and west it varies from 7-1-2 miles on the north to 34 miles on the southern boundary, the average width being about 22 miles. The county lies within three main physiographic belts, the Apalachian Mountain, covering the western part. the Piedmont Plateau to the east and southeast covering the southeastern section. and the Tallapoosa River bottom. entering the state along the Georgia line, and extending to the southwest to a point about 4 miles south of Heflin. The Tallapoosa River flows along the brake between the Apalachian and the Piedmont. The Apalachian Mountain belt is a deeply eroded plateau. Its eleva- tions vary from 1000 to more than 2200 feet above sea level in the more mountainous parts along the west and northern portions of the county. The Tallapoosa River and its trihu- taries form the principal drainage system of the county. However, the northern part is
drained to the west by Terrapin and Little Terrapin creeks, and their tributaries into the Coosa River, and the extreme southeastern corner is drained by the Little Tallapoosa. The country west of the Horse Block Moun- tain Range, drains to the west through the headwaters of Choccolocco Creek, that is, Shoal Creek, and Hillabee and Little Hillabee. The topography varies from rough, hilly and mountainous to gently rolling. Twenty-one soil types are found in the county. They are both residual and alluvial, and include gravel- ly loam, clay loam, stony clay, slate loam and silt loam. The forest growth consists of long and short leaf pine, poplar, oaks, beech, wal- nut, hickory, cypress and sour gum. The climate is mild, with a relatively short winter and a long growing season. The mean annual temperature is about 62.2º F., ranging from 43.5° in the winter to 77.2º in the summer. The lowest temperature of record is 10º F .. and the highest of summer is 103º. The mean annual precipitation amounts to slightly less than 50 inches. Details of the character and extent of productions are noted in the statistics below.
Aboriginal History .- This county has little ahoriginal history. Its territory lies within the old Creek country, and was not ceded until 1832. Along its numerous streams were doubtless small Indian villages and hunting camps, but details are not preserved. No mounds are reported. Several of its towns bear Indian names, as Arbacoochee, Chula- finnee and Okfuski, all along the upper Talla- poosa.
Settlement and Later History .- It is not possible to give the dates of the various settle- ments made in the county, nor the given names of the settlers. The red lands south of Arbacoochee were settled by the Arm- strongs, the Howle. the Blake, the Morris and other families. The early settlers of Arbe- coochee were the Mckees, Goodens, Creamers, Criders, Dothards, Densons, Hiltons, Beasons, Diamonds, Brewers, Hedricks. Prices, and Jere Smith. Some of the early settlers of Chulafinnee were T. J. Rusk, B. Higginbot- ham, the Canadas, Leverts, Ligons, Camp- bells. Millers, Swopes, Caldwells and Striplins. Dr. Ligon and Rev. Mr. Beverly were among the early residents of Oakfuskee. In the vicin- ity of Terrapin Creek located the Bordens, Alexanders, Wheelers, Treadaways, Hatfields and Beasleys; at Oak Level, Joseph L. Rob- erts, the Howells, Grays, Steeds, Parkers, Coles and Pitchfords; North of Muscadine, William R. Brown, Bentleys, Hunnicutts, Scotts, Barnes, Bomans, Barnetts, and Kill- gores; at old "Fair Play," one mile north of Edwardsville. were Stephen Edwards, Lemuel, Joseph and T. M. Burgess, the Owens, Clay- tons, Babers, Barkers, Browns, Wades, Ben- 1.etts, Harpers and Henrys; and among those at Sugar Hill, just south of Heflin, were the Evans, Brocks, Ross, Bedwells, Carruth, Mo- horn, Hollingsworth, Stricklen and Tolleson families.
Farm, Livestock and Crop Statistics, 1917. -The statistics below are given for illustra- tive purposes, and, in tabular form, without
279
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
any attempt at comparison or analysis. They were gathered under the direction of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Number of all farms, 1,500. Acres cultivated, 90,000. Acres in pasture, 39,000. Farm Animals:
Horses and mules, 4,330.
Milk cows, 2,590. Other cattle, 3,520. Brood sows, 1,130. Other hogs, 4,900. Sheep, 450.
Selected Crops (Acres and Quantity) .-
Corn, 41.310 acres; 852,050 bushels.
Cotton, 23,890 acres; 4,420 bales.
Peanuts, 550 acres; 7,980 bushels.
Velvet Beans, 1,290 acres; 9,720 tons.
Hay, 6,480 acres; 7,290 tons.
Syrup Cane, 1.740 acres; 129,600 gallons. Cowpeas, 4,450 acres; 20,250 bushels. Sweet potatoes, 970 acres; 52,650 bushels. Irish potatoes, 240 acres; 1,094 bushels. Oats, 2,430 acres; 8,910 bushels.
Wheat, 2,350 acres; 14,170 bushels.
Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to July 1, 1917, from U. S. Official Postal Guide. (Figures indicate the number of rural routes from that office.)
Bell Mills-1
Hightower-1
Borden Springs-1
Hopewell-1
Edwardsville-1
Muscadine-2
Fruithurst-1
Palestine
Heflin (ch)-6
Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lications of the U. S. Bureau of the Census.
White
Negro
Total
1870.
7,441
576
8,017
1880.
10,308
668
10,976
1890.
12,427
791
13,218
1900.
12,325
881 13,206
1910.
12,674 711
13,385
Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .- 1867-Charles L. Steed.
1875-Thomas J. Burton.
1901-Wilson P. Howell.
Senators .-
1868-H. H. WIse.
1871-2-H. H. Wise.
1872-3-J. J. Robinson.
1873-J. J. Robinson.
1874-5-J. J. Robinson. 1875-6-J. J. Robinson.
1876-7-W. P. Howell.
1878-9-W. P. Howell. 1880-1-L. W. Grant.
1882-3-L. W. Grant.
1884-5-Wm. J. Alexander.
1886-7-W. J. Alexander.
1888-9-L. W. Grant.
1890-1-L. W. Grant.
1892-3-W. A. Porter.
1894-5-W. A. Porter.
1896-7-John W. Abercrombie.
1898-9-J. W. Abercromble.
1899 (Spec.)-J. W. Abercrombie.
1900-01-F. L. Blackmon. 1903-Walter Scott Smith. 1907-D. M. White. 1907 (Spec.)-D. M. White. 1909 (Spec.) D. M. White.
1911-W. B. Merrill.
1915-J. R. McCain. 1919-O. T. Smith.
Representatives .- 1868-M. R. Bell.
1869-70-M. R. Bell.
1870-1-Wilson P. Howell.
1871-2-W. P. Howell.
1872-3-W. P. Howell.
1873-W. P. Howell.
1874-5-O. W. Shepard.
1875-6-O. W. Shepard.
1876-7-A. W. Denham.
1878-9-W. J. Alexander.
1880-1-B. F. Floyd.
1882-3-W. J. Alexander.
1884-5-W. R. Barker.
1886-7-W. P. Howell.
1888-9-H. Allen.
1890-1-W. U. Almon.
1892-3-A. P. Taylor.
1894-5-A. P. Taylor.
1896-7-W. J. Campbell.
1898-9-W. M. Garrett.
1899 (Spec.)-W. M. Garrett. 1900-01-Hugh D. Merrill.
1903-John Alexander Brown.
1907-John A. Brown.
1907 (Spec.)-John A. Brown.
1909 (Spec.)-John A. Brown.
1911-A. J. Overton.
1915-J. F. Campbell.
1919-Wm. H. Howle.
See Appalachian Valley Region; Arbacoo- chee; Borden Springs; Chulafinnee; Edwards- ville; Fruithurst; Heflin; Muscadine; Oak- fuskee; Piedmont Plateau; Soils and Soil Surveys.
REFERENCES .- Acts. 1866-67, p. 71; Brewer, Alabama. p. 184; Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 280; Riley, Alabama as it is (1893), p. 101; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 134; Alabama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 91; U. S. Soil Survey (1915), with map; Ala- bama land book (1916), p. 51; Ala. Official and Statistical Register, 1903-1915, 5 vols., Ala. An- thropological Society, Handbook (1910); Geol. Survey of Ala., Agricultural features of the State (1883); The Valley regions of Alabama, parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Underground Water resources of Alabama (1907); State ex rel. Brown v. Porter, 145 Ala., p. 541.
CLEBURNE INSTITUTE. A private school for the education of boys and girls, located at Edwardsville. It was incorporated Febru- ary 18, 1891. The founder and sole incor- porator was Prof. D. Adams Sox. In 1894, Mr. H. G. Barnes and Mr. C. M. Garrett appear as principals. It is now closed.
REFERENCES .- Acts, 1890-91, pp. 1182-1183; An- nual Announcements, 1895-1897.
CLIMATOLOGY. Alabama lies between the thirtieth and the thirty-fifth degrees of
280
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
North latitude and the eighty-fifth and the eighty-ninth degrees of West longitude. It has a total area of 51,998 square miles, all drained into the Gulf of Mexico except the Tennessee Valley which, through the noble river of that name, drains into the Missis- sippi River system. The northeastern coun- ties reach an elevation of 2,500 feet above sea level.
The average temperature of the entire State is 63°; of the northern portion 61°; of the middle 64°; and of the southern 65°. The mean temperature is highest in Mobile and Baldwin Counties, and lowest in DeKalb County. The highest mean temperature is 67°, the lowest 59°. The annual average precipitation of the State is 51 inches. The greatest average is in those counties border- ing on the Gulf of Mexico, where it is 60 to 63 inches; and the lowest in the central part of the State, where the average is 48 inches.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.