History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 132

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756

USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 132

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REFERENCE .- Annual report of company to Ala. Public Service Commission, 1915.

HEADLAND. Post office and incorporated city, in the southwest corner of Henry County, in sec. 4, T. 4, R. 27, on the head- waters of Choctawhatchee, Omussee, and Blackwood Creeks, 20 miles south of Abbe- ville, 16 miles northwest of Columbia, and on the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, 15 miles north of Dothan. It is located on an exten- sive plateau of fertile land, in the long-leaf pine region. Population: 1888-500; 1900 -602; 1910-1,090. Its banks are the First National, the First Trust & Savings Bank (State), and the Farmers & Merchants Bank (State). The Henry County Standard, a Dem- ocratic weekly established in September, 1909, is published there. Its industries are 2 cot- tonseed and peanut oil mills, 4 cotton gin- neries, 2 fertilizer plants, a sawmill, a lumber mill, a gristmill, a feed mill, and a carriage and wagon shop. It was laid out as a town in 1871, and later incorporated, probably under the general laws. It was named for its founder, Dr. J. J. Head, who owned all the land on which it is situated.

The town is located at the crossing of the Columbia and Newton, and the Abbeville and Marianna, Fla., roads. Among the first set- tlers were Dr. J. J. Head, J. C. Hardwick, W. S. Oates, Zach Bass, J. A. Hollan, A. S. Hollan, and J. M. Stringer. Other pioneers

were the Vann, Granberry, White, Stickney, and Williams families.

REFERENCES .- Northern Alabama (1888), p. 236; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 412; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.

HEALTH, STATE BOARD OF. An offi- cial board, constituting a part of the executive branch of the State government. Under the law the medical association of the State of Alabama organized in accordance with the provisions of the constitution adopted at the annual meeting held in Tuscaloosa in March, 1873, and confirmed by an act of the legis- lature approved February 19, 1875, is the State board of health.

Ten members of the counselors of the asso- ciation, elected two each year, for a term of five years, constitute the State committee on public health. This committee, which is also the board of censors of the medical associa- tion, elects a State health officer who in turn is the executive officer of the State board of health. His term of office and salary are fixed by the board, and his salary cannot exceed $5,000 per annum.

This board acts in a threefold capacity; first as a board of censors for the medical association of the State, secondly, as a com- mittee on public health, and, thirdly, as a board of examiners of applicants for the practice of medicine in the State.

The board of health as now (1916) consti- tuted, consists of a State health officer, at a salary of $5,000 a year; chief clerk, $1,200; stenographer to the health officer, $600; regis- trar of vital and mortuary statistics, $2,400, one clerk, $660, and clerk, $480 in the reg- istrar's office; State bacteriologist and pathol- ogist, $2,500, an assistant bacteriologist and pathologist, $1,800; a clerical assistant in the laboratory, $600; a stenographer for the lab- oratory; sanitary engineer, $2,000; and field director of sanitation, $1,800. All salaries are paid from the annual maintenance fund except the chief clerk, who is paid direct from the State treasury.

April 22, 1911, the sum of $25,000 annually was appropriated to carry on the work of the board.

Authority and Jurisdiction .- The board has general control over the enforcement of laws relating to the public health; is required to investigate the causes, mode of propagation and means of prevention of all endemic, epi- demic, infectious and contagious diseases; has the right to inspect all public schools, hospitals, asylums, jails, poorhouses, theaters, courthouses, prisons, markets, public dairies, slaughter-pens or houses, depots, passenger cars and all public places and institutions of like character, the sources of supply, res- ervoirs and avenues of conveyance of drink- ing water furnished to incorporated cities and towns; is required to prescribe and pub- lish rules for the sanitation of depots and passenger cars on all lines of railroads in the State, including the territory contiguous to these lines; has general supervision and control over the county boards of health in the execution of the public health laws; and

685

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

acts "as an advisory board to the State in all sanitary and medical matters." The con- trol, regulation and enforcement of quaran- tine, both state and county, is under the board, but county and municipal quarantine are regulated through the county board. The board prescribes the rules and conducts, through the board of medical examiners, ex- aminations for all licenses to practice medi- cine in the State. The decisions of this board as to the qualifications af applicants are final.

Genesis of State Regulation .- The creation of the State board is due to the splendid vision and far-reaching ability for organiza- tion of Dr. Jerome Cochran. While engaged in active practice in the city of Mobile, he conceived and worked out the plan, which was submitted to the medical association of the State at its meeting in Selma, April 13-15, 1874. A committee was appointed, composed of the board of censors, to memorialize the legislature to "establish boards of health in the State of Alabama." The act as finally passed was approved February 19, 1875, and differed in two particulars only from the original draft, as endorsed by the association.

At the meeting of the association held in Selma, April 8-11, 1879, an ordinance was adopted creating a health officer for the State. Dr. Cochran who had been serving as senior censor of the board was chosen. His first report as State health officer is dated January 10, 1882. The State health officer's salary at this time was only $1,800.

Prior to the act of March 6, 1907, when the appropriation for the conduct of the work was increased to $15,000, the office force consisted of the health officer and a chief clerk only. Birth and death statistics were recorded, in a large measure, by the county health officers, who were required to keep registers for this purpose. While these officers keep records at the present time, in addition they are required to report at once, on blanks furnished for that purpose, to the State board of health at the capitol.

On the death of Dr. Cochran, on August 17, 1896, the president of the medical asso- ciation appointed Dr. Samuel D. Seelye, of Montgomery, State health officer pro tem. On August 28 following, the board of censors met and elected Dr. W. H. Sanders as State health officer. He resigned January 22, 1917, and was succeeded by Dr. S. W. Welch.

Pasteur Institute and Bacteriological Lab- oratory .- Opened in the city of Montgomery, December 1, 1907, the first patient being received in March, 1908. Dr. E. M. Mason was first bacteriologist. The institute and laboratory were opened at the same time, and are both under the direction of the bac- teriologist. From the date of opening to January 1, 1917, 2,590 heads of animals had been examined in the laboratory, and 2,373 patients had been treated in the institute. Of this number, all but six have been pro- tected from hydrophobia. Dr. Mason resigned in 1910, and was succeeded by Dr. P. B.

Moss, who held the position until 1916. He was succeeded by Dr. B. L. Arms.

Until the establishment of the Pasteur In- stitute, wounds from the bites of dogs were treated locally by physicians, or by carrying patients to institutions in other States, spec- ially equipped for handling hyprophobia cases. However, the "madstone," a hard but porous substance, was used in some localities. Some of these stones are reputed to have been taken from the stomach of a deer, but they were in fact nothing more than native rock, worn smooth, and which, because of their porosity, were capable, when heated, of absorbing liquids. The stone was first heated in boiling water, after which it was applied to the wound, or to the place bitten by the rabid dog. When filled with blood, it would drop away from the flesh. For purposes of cleansing, the stone was again boiled, after which it was ready for further use. Some of these stones became quite famous, and wonderful stories are told of their curative powers. Long journeys were made, at great inconvenience to the wounded patient, in order that they might be applied. It is estimated that there are prob- ably ten or more now in use in the State. With the advance of science, very few per- sons attach any curative or healing value to them.

Bureau of Vital and Mortuary Statistics .- The collection of vital statistics by the board became operative in the summer of 1881, but it was not until 1907 after the legislature, by act approved March 6, had increased the annual appropriation of the State board to $15,000, that a registrar of vital and mor- tuary statistics was regularly engaged. Dr. George W. Williamson assumed charge of this work late in the year 1907, and con- tinued until November 6, 1911, when he was succeeded by Dr. Henry G. Perry, the present incumbent.

This law, as originally enacted, provided for the collection of vital statistics by the county health officers, who made monthly re- ports to the State health officer, but unfor- tunately these records are far from complete. Since December, 1907, the county health offi- cers have made regular monthly reports to the State health officer, and from time to time compilations of these figures have been issued. They are now compiled and appear annually in the report of the State health officer.

Health Officers .- Dr. Jermil Cochran, 1879-1896; Dr. William H. Sanders, 1896- 1917; Dr. S. W. Welch, 1917 -.

Chief Clerks .- Walter R. Brassell, 1885- 1911; Dr. H. B. Mohr, 1911-1914; vacant, 1914-1916; Bertha J. Perry, 1917.

Director Hookworm Commission .- Dr. W. W. Dinsmore, 1911-1915 (also acting health officer, 1916).

Bacteriologist and pathologist .- Dr. E. M. Mason, 1908-1910; Dr. P. B. Moss, 1910- 1916; Dr. B. L. Arms, 1916 -.

Registrars .- Dr. G. W. Williamson, 1908- 1911; Dr. Henry G. Perry, 1911 -.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

HEFLIN. County seat of Cleburne County, in the southwest part of the county, secs. 9 and 10, T. 16, R. 10 E., on the headwaters of the west fork of Tallapoosa River, and on the Southern Railway, about 8 miles south- west of Edwardsville, the old county seat, and about 18 miles east of Anniston. Alti-

tude: 984 feet. Population: 1890-383; 1900-460; 1910-839. It was incorporated by the legislature, December 10, 1892. It has electric lights, waterworks, and fire and police departments. Its only banking insti- tution is the Bank of Helfin (State). The Cleburne News, a Democratic weekly estab- lished in 1911, is published there. Its indus- tries are 2 sawmills, a planing mill, 2 grist- mills, a cotton ginnery, and a cotton ware- house. The Cleburne County High School is located there.

The locality was settled in 1883 and named for Dr. Wilson L. Heflin, father of Hon. J. Thomas Heflin. In 1906, it was made the county seat of Cleburne County, and a court- house and other necessary buildings were erected. Among the early settlers were J. C. Bean, M. D. Robinson, W. F. Stephenson, J. F. Morgan, J. C. Osborn, W. J. Henry, W. A. Porter, B. F. 'Owens, Dr. Heflin, Dr. W. A. Neal, Dr. J. C. Mcclintock, W. R. Hunnicutt, M. L. Pinson, and Richard Wood. It is lo- cated on the highways from Anniston to Tal- lapoosa, and Talladega to Cedartown, Ga.

REFERENCES. - Acts, 1892-93, pp. 53-66; Brewer, Alabama (1872), p. 184; Northern Ala- bama (1888), p. 134; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 414; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.

HELEN KELLER LIBRARY AND LIT- ERARY ASSOCIATION, TUSCUMBIA. See Libraries.

HEMATITE. See Iron and Steel.

HENRY COUNTY. Created by the legisla- ture December 13, 1819. Its territory was nominally taken from Conecuh, established in 1818, but it was originally a part of the Creek cession of August 9, 1814. It was of vast extent, including what is now Coving- ton, Dale, Coffee, Geneva, Henry, and parts of Pike, Crenshaw and Barbour Counties. It was reduced by the establishment of Coving- ton and Pike, both on December 7, 1821, Dale, December 22, 1824, Barbour, December 18, 1832, and Houston, February 9, 1903. Its present area is 560 square miles, or 358,400 acres.

It was first proposed to call the county Choctawhatchee for the river in that section of the State, but the name finally given on the passage of the act was Henry, in honor of Patrick Henry, the noble Virginia patriot.

Location and Physical Description .- It is situated in the southeast corner of the State. Barbour lies to the north, Houston to the south, and Barbour and Dale Counties on the west. Its eastern boundary is the Chatta- hoochee River, which is also the State boun- dary.

Its topographic features are varied. The northern two-thirds is a hilly region, and includes rough and broken country, with occasional gently rolling areas. Numerous small streams have eroded this section, and given it a choppy contour. The southern third of the county is level to gently rolling, its features in some places resembling a des- sicated plain. Chunnennuggee Ridge enters the county at County Line Church, and con- tinues south through Lawrenceville and Abbe- ville, practically terminating below the latter. This ridge forms the drainage divide of the waters of the Chattahoochee River on the east, and the Choctawhatchee on the west. The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad follows the dividing ridge to the south from Abbeville, crossing no streams during its entire length of about 25 miles. The elevation at Abbe- ville is 499 feet, and at Headland 409 feet.

The county is well watered and drained. Through the western section flows the Choc- tawhatchee River. Its principal tributaries are Cowpens, Piney Woods, Indian, Panther, Poor, and Blackwood Creeks. Into the Chat- tahoochee on the east flow Abbie and Omus- see Creeks. The county lies wholly within the coastal plain, and its soil materials were deposited either beneath the water or along the margins of an ancient sea which at one time covered this general region. There are 15 of these soil types, including sand, sandy loam, clay, gravelly sandy loam and fine sandy loam. In the northern section there is a characteristic stratum of compact red sandy clay underlying the entire section. Gray sands occur along the larger streams. The soils of the Chattahoochee River are alluvial in origin. Sandy loams predominate, how- ever, and are considered the best general-pur- pose soil of the county. The timbers con- sist of long and shortleaf pine, scrub oak, hickory, cottonwood, birch, beech, maple, gum, oak, cypress, poplar and cedar.

The mean annual temperature is about 65° F., with minimum of 4° and a maximum of 104º F. There is a usual mean annual precipitation of 51.1 inches, quite generally distributed throughout the year. The cli- mate is generally mild. Snow rarely falls, and the soil is seldom frozen more than one or two inches in depth. Details of the char- acter and extent of production are noted in the statistics below.

Aboriginal History .- Along the Chattahoo- chee River are found numerous evidences of primitive settlement. The Lower Creek towns extended into the territory now occupied by the county, and it is also possible that the Seminole villages did so, but at the present time none of these settlements can be identi- fied. Wi-Kai 'Lako was one of these towns. Domicilliary mounds are found near Purcell's Landing. In sec. 4, T. 6, R. 28, on property of Will Culpepper, is a mound four feet high. On the Elbert Mooring place is an Indian cemetery. Pattayabba Creek may take its name from Ataphalgi (meaning Dogwood), a Seminole town of southwest Georgia. The latter no doubt had settlements on the Ala- bama side of Chattahoochee River.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Farm, Livestock and Crop Statistics, 1918. -The statistics below are given for illustra- tive purposes, and in tabular form, without any attempt at comparison or analysis. They were gathered under the direction of the Bu- reau of Crop Estimates, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Number of all farms (1917) 1,400. Acres cultivated (1917), 141,270. Acres in pasture (1917), 47,270. Farm Animals:

Horses and mules, 5,200.

Milk cows, 5,000.

Other cattle. 11,000. Brood sows, 6,000.

Other hogs, 41,000.

Sheep (1917), 400.

Selected Crops (Acres and Quantity) .-

Corn, 600,00 acres; 600,000 bushels.

Cotton, 40,000 acres; 9,800 bales.

Peanuts, 51,000 acres; 1,318,000 bushels.

Velvet beans, 18,000 acres; 8,000 tons. Hay, 56,000 acres; 17,000 tons.

Syrup cane, 700 acres; 105,000 gallons. Cowpeas, 6,000 acres; 34,000 bushels.

Sweet potatoes, 2,800 acres; 280,000 hush- els.

Irish potatoes, 300 acres; 21,000 bushels. Oats, 9,500 acres; 190,000 bushels. Wheat, 400 acres; 4,000 bushels.

Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to July 1, 1919, from U. S. Official Postal Guide. Fig- ures indicate the number of rural routes from that office. Abbeville (ch)-6 Headland-6

Capps-1

Newville-2

Haleburg-1

Shorterville-2

Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lications of the U. S. Bureau of the Census.

White

Negro

Total

1820

2,011

627

1830

3,005

1,015

4,020

1840

4,701

1,086

5,787

1850

6,776

2,243

9,019

1860

10,464

4,454

14,918

1870

9,534

4,657

14,191

1880

11,994

6,767

27,501

1890

16,038

8,809

24,847

1900

32,543

13,604

36,147

1910

10,793

10,150

20,943

Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .-

1861-H. E. Owens, T. T. Smith.

1865-William H. Wood.

1867-Richard M. Johnson.

1875-William C. Oates, Alexander C. Gor- don.

1901-George H. Malone, T. M. Espy, R. J. Reynolds.

Senators .-

1822-3-J. W. Devereux.

1825-6-William Irwin.

1828-9-William Irwin.

1831-2-William Irwin.

1834-5-William Irwin.

1837-8-Richard C. Spann.

1838-9-James Ward.

1840-1-Angus McAllister.

1843-4-James Ward.

1847-8-Angus McAllister.

1849-50-Elisha Mathews.

1853-4-James Searcy.

1857-8-James H. McKinne.

1859-60-William Wood.

1863-4-Reddick P. Peacock.

1865-6-William H. Wood.

1868-Philip King. 1871-2-Philip King. 1872-3-J. M. Carmichael.

1873-J. M. Carmichael.

1874-5-J. M. Carmichael.

1875-6-J. M. Carmichael.

1876-7-A. C. Gordon.

1878-9-A. C. Gordon.

1880-1-F. M. Rushing.

1882-3-F. M. Rushing.

1884-5-C. H. Laney.

1886-7-C. H. Laney.

1888-9-W. C. Steagall.

1890-1-W. C. Steagall.

1892-3-R. H. Walker.

1894-5-R. H. Walker.

1896-7-Geo. W. Brooks. 1898-9-George W. Brooks.

1899 (Spec.)-George W. Brooks.

1900-01-Walter Acree.

1903-William Oates Long.

1907-B. A. Forrester.

1907 (Spec.)-B. A. Forrester.

1909 (Spec.)-B. A. Forrester.

1911-J. J. Espy.

1915-W.T. Hall.

1919-J. B. Espy.

Representatives .-

1822-3-Benjamin Harvey.

1823-4-Benjamin Harvey.

1824-5-William C. Watson.

1825-6-William C. Watson.

' 1826-7-Bartlett Smith; Charles A. Dennis.

2,638 1827-8-James Ward; Charles A. Dennis.

1828-9-Josiah D. Cawthorn.

1829-30-James Ward.

1830-31-James Ward.

1831-2-James Ward.

1832 (called)-James Ward.

1832-3-James Ward.

1833-4-Abner Hill.

1834-5-Abner Hill; James Ward.

1835-6-George W. Williams;

James

Ward; Alexander C. Gordon. 1836-7-James Ward; Alexander C. Gor- don.

1837 (called)-James Ward; Alexander C. Gordon.

1837-8-George W. Williams; Alexander C. Gordon.

1838-9-James Murphy; A. J. McAllister. 1839-40-James Murphy; A. J. McAllister. 1840-1-Alexander Blackshear; James Pynes. 1841 (called)-Alexander Blackshear; James Pynes.

1841-2-Bartlett Smith; A. J. McAllister.

1842-3-William Gamble; James Pynes. 1843-4-George W. Williams; Richard Mc- Griff. 1844-5-William Gamble; Moses K. Speight.

688

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

1845-6-George W. Williams; Richard Mc- Griff. 1847-8-George W. Williams; James Pynes.

1849-50-Mathew Perryman; J. J. Sowell. 1851-2-G. W. Williams, A. J. McAllister. 1853-4-Aaron Odom; J. F. Hays.

1855-6-Aaron Odom; James Pynes.

1857-8-James Murphy; James Pynes.

1859-60-P. M. Thomas; B. C. Flake.

1861 (1st called)-P. M. Thomas; B. C. Flake.

1861 (2d called)-Levi Parish; C. J. Rey- nolds.

1861-2-Levi Parish; C. J. Reynolds.

1862 (called)- Levi Parish; C. J. Rey- nolds.

1862-3-Levi Parish; C. J. Reynolds.

1863 (called)-Levi Parish; G. W. Wil- liams.

1863-4-Levi Parish; G. W. Williams.

1864 (called)-Levi Parish; G. W. Wil- liams.

1864-5- Levi Parish; G. W. Williams.

1865-6-G. W. Culver; Aaron Odom.

1866-7- G. W. Culver; Aaron Odom.

1868-E. E. Tiller.

1869-70-E. E. Tiller.

1870-1-William C. Oates.

1871-2-W. C. Oates.

1872-3-H. Purcell.

1873-H. Purcell.

1874-5-H. Purcell.

1875-6-H. Purcell.

1876-7-Thos. F. Espy.

1878-9-R. J. Reynolds.

1880-1-S. E. Bowden.

1882-3-R. J. Reynolds.

1884-5-J. W. Foster.

1886-7-J. W. Foster.

1888-9-J. B. Ward.

1890-1-George Leslie.

1892-3- John B. Ward; John F. Dorsey.

1894-5-J. B. Ward; T. E. Williams.

1986-7-T. M. Espy; S. B. Wood.

1898-9-B. A. Forrester; M. V. Capps.

1899 (Spec.)-B. A. Forrester; M. V. Capps.

1900-01-W. O. Long; John B. Ward. 1903-Thomas Marion Espy; Charles Barkley Searcy.

1907-J. W. Malone; J. R. Vann.

1907 (Spec.)-J. W. Malone; J. R. Vann. 1909 (Spec.)-J. W. Malone; J. R. Vann.

1911-W. J. Capps; I. M. Doswell.

1915-J. B. Ward; J. J. Espy.

1919- J. T. Griffin; R. F. Hall.

REFERENCES .- Toulmin, Digest (1823), in- dex; Acts, 1819, p. 50; Brewer, Alabama, p. 277; Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 298; Riley, Alabama as it is (1893), p. 240; Northern Ala- bama (1888), p. 236; Alabama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 133; U. S. Soil Survey (1909), with map; Alabama land book (1916), p. 76; Ala. Official and Statistical Register, 1903-1915, 5 vols .; Ala. Anthropologi- cal Society, Handbook (1910) ; Geol. Survey of Ala., Agricultural features of the State (1883) ; The valley regions of Alabama, parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Underground water resources of Alabama (1907); Green Beauchamp, "Chron-

icles of Barbour County," in Eufaula Times, circa, 1872.

HERALDS OF LIBERTY. A fraternal, beneficial order organized at Huntsville, Au- gust 27, 1900. The founders were Tracy W. Pratt of Huntsville, Ala., and O. C. Kneal of Minneapolis, Minn. A charter was at once secured under the general laws, August 31, 1900, and the Legislature, February 12, 1901, confirmed the incorporation and enlarged its powers. Its objects are to extend practical benefits and relief to its living members, and subordinate benefits and relief to the widows, orphans, and other dependents of its mem- hers. Its ritual teaches regard for law, the observance of the cardinal Christian virtues, loyalty to Government, and the practical ex- emplification of brotherhood in its broadest and most liberal sense.

For two or three years after organization its sole headquarters was at Huntsville. How- ever, with a growth of business, an additional headquarters was established in Philadel -. phia. The Order has but two bodies, a supreme lodge located at Huntsville, and suhordinate lodges, organized throughout the United States. Quadrennial conclaves of the supreme lodge are held, at which reports are made, officers elected, and other general busi- ness transacted. Tracy W. Pratt has been supreme commander from the beginning. De- gree teams are organized in local lodges for the exemplification of work, the promotion of the objects of the Order and for enter- tainment. Washington Grand Lodge No. 1 was instituted at Huntsville, June 25, 1901, and is the first of the subordinate bodies of the organization. As a fraternal insurance company it reports to the Alabama Depart- ment of insurance.

See Insurance, Fraternal.

REFERENCES. - Heralds of Liberty, Revised laws, rules and regulations (1913) ; Washing- ton Herald, Philadelphia, Pa., and Huntsville, Ala., 1913.

"HERE WE REST." Motto on the pres- ent State seal, adopted in 1868. It was long supposed to be the meaning of the Indian word from which the State name is derived, a belief now known to be wholly untenable. See Alabama-State Name; Seal, the State.

HIBERNIANS, ANCIENT ORDER OF. A secret and beneficial order, membership in which "is confined exclusively to practical Catholics, of Irish blood or descent, who love Ireland and reverence the Catholic Church." Its purposes are "to promote the friendship, unity and Christian charity of its members, and preserve the spirit of Irish Nationality." It is of old world origin. It entered the United States at New York in 1836. It has divisions in the State, organized as follows: Pratt City, June 3, 1885; Birmingham, about 1890; Montgomery, July 18, 1897; and Mo- bile, March, 1898. There are about 600 act- ive members in Alabama. A State Division is organized, in which the various local di-

DALLAS ACADEMY, CAHABA, NOW DEMOLISHED

CENTENARY FEMALE COLLEGE, SUMMERFIELD, NOW DEMOLISHED

Vol. 1-44

691

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

visions are brought together for conferences and mutual improvement.

The first local official reference to the Order is in an act of incorporation, passed by the legislature February 17, 1854, incorporating "The Ancient Order of Hibernians of the City and County of Mobile." The preamble re- cites that an organization had been effected, "whose object is to afford relief to the mem- bers thereof and their families when in dis- tress, which benevolent purpose it is proper to promote." The incorporators were Mich- ael Jones, Thomas Kavanaugh, Thomas Math- ews, James Finigan and Peter McElearly. Extensive powers were conferred, but with the express proviso that its "rules and regu- lations shall not be repugnant to the consti- tution and laws of the United States or the State of Alabama."

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History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 132

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 756

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756