History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 62

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756

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REFERENCES .- Constitution, 1901, sec. 100; Code, 1907, secs. 2440-2442, and citations in text.

COMPROMISE OF LAND CLAIMS, STATE BOARD OF. An ex-officio board, first estab- lished with the adoption of the code of 1907, "for the purpose of examining into the title or claim of the state to any sixteenth-section or other school lands which have illegally passed out of the possession of the state, or which have heretofore been disposed of by the state and not paid for."

The board is composed of the governor, the superintendent of education, and the attorney general. It is given authority to take "all action necessary to recover any such lands, or, if deemed best, may settle and compromise any conflicting claims thereto be- tween the state and persons claiming the land." After a compromise or settlement has patents to the lands the subject of compro- been effected, it is the duty of the secretary of state, upon the order of the board, to issue mise.

Prior to the adoption of this provision, no machinery existed whereby the equities of conflicting claims between the State and the holders or occupants of land could be settled other than by litigation. The joint com- mittee on the code introduced this provision in order to afford an opportunity for the re- view of numerous cases which could he handled more equitably and expeditiously than through the courts. Carelessness in mak- ing and keeping the original land records of the State is responsible for the conditions productive both of litigation, and the neces- sity for the establishment of the board.

The records of the board are kept in the office of the attorney general. The patent records are on file in the office of the secre- tary of state.

No publications.

REFERENCES .- Code, 1907, sec. 1804.

CONALIGA. An Upper Creek village, probably in Macon or Western Russell County. The people of this village were friendly to the whites in 1813 and joined with the Tuckabatchees, the Chunnaneggees and the Ninipaskalgees against the hostilties of the Upper Creeks.

REFERENCES .- Woodward, Reminiscences (1859), p. 37; Handbook of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 334; Gatschet, in Alabama His- tory Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 411.

CONDE, FORT. See Charlotte, Fort; Louis de la Mobile, Fort.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

CONDUCTORS, ORDER OF RAILWAY. A protective, fraternal order having disability and death benefits and certain secret features, and whose primary object is the promotion of the interests of railway conductors, with regard to wages and working conditions and in the relief of aged, indigent and disabled members. The first "division," or local lodge in Alabama was organized at Montgomery some time between 1880 and 1885. Local divisions have since been established at Selma, Tuscumbia, and Mobile, and two at Birmingham.

At the time it entered the State the order was non-protective, that is, it was opposed to striking; but since 1890 it has been both fraternal and protective, permitting its mem- bers to strike, if their grievances can not be settled otherwise, although in this respect It has been notably conservative. Prior to 1907 the Order of Railway Conductors was not affiliated with many other labor organiza- tion; but at that time it joined with the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen In forming several "association districts," which included the United States and Mexico.

Relief Department .- In the early nineties the national order established an insurance, or mutual benefit department, and thereafter required all new members to take out insur- ance policies. In 1905, at the suggestion of M. J. Land, a member from Alabama, the national order installed a relief repartment, through which aid is afforded aged and ind !- gent members. The amount of financial as- sistance extended ranges from $7 to $55 a month, according to the physical and finan- cial condition of the beneficiary.

State Legislative Board .- In August, 1914, a state legislative board was created to aid in securing State legislation in the interest of conductors and other railroad employees. The board is intended to be a permanent fea- ture of the state organization. During the sessions of the legislature in 1915 a represen- tative was appointed by the state legislative board to remain at the capital, and to co- operate with all other labor organizations for the betterment of labor conditions in the State.

Among the bills advocated by these organi- zations, were a standard-caboose bill, a full- crew bill, an electric-headlight bill, a "loan- shark" bill, a child-labor bill, a workmen's- compensation-and-employers'-liability bill, a bill to remove State convicts from coal mines, and a bill making personal-injury claims pre- ferred claims in receivership and bankruptcy cases. In addition to active promotion of these bills, the board caused a record to be kept of the votes of all members of the legis- lature on these bills, and has had a compila- tion made for future reference.

REFERENCE .- Manuscript data In the Alabama Department of Archives and History.

CONECUH COUNTY. Created by the terri- torial legislature, February 13, 1818, from Monroe County as originally formed. As at first laid out, and before the establishment of Henry County on December 13, 1819, Con-

ecuh included all of south Alabama east of its present western boundary line, and south of the present Lowndes County, extending as far as the Chattahoochee River. This entire country was originally a part of the Creek Indian lands, ceded by the treaty of August 9, 1814. Its territory was later reduced by the formation of Henry and Butler Counties, both on December 13, 1819, Covington County December 18, 1821, and Escambia County December 10, 1868. Its area is 849 square miles, or 543,360 acres.

The name of the county is a word of Mus- cogee origin, and is said to be a corruption of Econneka, meaning "land of cane," according to Marcus H. Cruikshank. The rendering by Dr. W. S. Wyman, however, is Kono ekuh, meaning "polecat's head."

On the establishment of the county the territorial legislature required that courts "for the time being, be holden at the house of Mayberry Thomas; but the said courts may, respectively, for the want of necessary build- ings, adjourn to some more convenient place contiguous." The point so selected was on Hampden Ridge, and here all county business was transacted. The first state legislature, December 13, 1819, named Bartley Walker, James Salter, John Speir, Radford L. Smilie as commissioners to select a permanent county seat. A sharp contest immediately arose between Hampden Ridge and the village of Sparta. The choice fell to the latter and on December 7, 1820, the legislature formally decreed that it should be the permanent seat of justice for the county. The first court house was built of plne logs, was about 20 by 30 feet in size, and had only two doors. It served not only as a court house, but also was used for religious services. About 1823 another building was erected, which remained in use until destroyed by fire in 1868. The lodge room of the masons occupied the attic story of this building.

As the result of an election held on the first Monday in May, 1866, under an act of February 23, 1866, the court house was re- moved from Sparta to Evergreen. In con- sideration of removal the citizens of Ever- green erected the new court house free of charge to the county.

The first county officers were Samuel Cook, chief justice of the county court; Joshua Hawthorn, justice of the quorum; Ranson L. .Dean, sheriff; Chesley Crosby, coroner and ranger; Charlton Thomson, Treasurer, all appointed February 28, 1818. Three justices of the peace, Presly Scurlock, John Spear and Clark Jackson, and one constable, James Cobb, were named on the same day. The first clerk of the superior and the county courts was Peter A. Steele. After the forma- tion of the State, 1819, the officers were James Caldwell, sheriff, Ransom L. Dean, clerk of the circuit court, Murdock McPher- son, clerk of the county court and John E. Graham, surveyor. William Lee was major commandant of the county militia, with Wash- ington Cummins, Edwin Robertson and John Hobson as captains, all appointed May 20, 1819.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1825-26, pp. 62-65; 1826-27, p. 119; 1866-67, p. 351; 1868, pp. 90, 163; 1869-70, pp. 6, 81, 145, 204; Brewer, Alabama, p. 187; Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 282; Riley, Ala- bama as it is (1893), p. 43; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 103; Alabama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 93; U. S. Soil Survey (1909), with map; Alabama land book (1916), p. 52; Ala. Official and Statistical Register, 1903- 1915, 5 vols .; Ala. Anthropological Society, Handbook (1910); Geol. Survey of Ala., Agri- cultural features of the State (1883) ; The Valley regions of Alabama, parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Underground Water resources of Alabama (1907); Ramsey, Annals of Tennessee (1860), pp. 465, 471; Alabama History Commission, Re- port (1901), vol. 1, p. 418; North Alabamian, Tuscumbia, Dec. 17, 1897; Official War Records, Serial No. 10, p. 2; No. 34, pp. 63, 64, 244, 261; No. 35, pp. 87, 90; No. 38, pp. 68, 69; No. 54, p. 1; No. 103, pp. 51-53.

The first elections were doubtless held at the house of Mayberry Thomas, which by the act of establishment was made the place of holding courts. On December 13, 1819 "in addition to the places heretofore designated," provision was made for elections at the house of William Brewer. By act of December 7, 1820, this was discontinued, and in its place one at Cumming's Mill was fixed. On June 13, 1821, a precinct was established at the house of William Blackshear; on December 3, 1821, another, at the house of David Hen- drick; and on December 26, 1822, others were established at the house of George Constan- tine, at Brooklyn, at Rabb's Store, at the house of John Bell, and at the house of James Grace; and those heretofore established at the houses of James Caldwell, William Black- shear and David Hendrick were discontinued.

Location and Physical Description .- It lies In the southern section of the state. On the north it is bounded by Monroe and Butler counties, on the east by Butler and Coving- ton, on the south by Escambia and on the west by Monroe county. From north to south it is about 40 miles in extent, while the width along the southern boundary is about 43 miles. Roughly described the surface of the county is a rolling plain with a general inclination south. The northern part is hilly but there are no very great elevations, but near the streams are considerable areas of rolling to low hilly lands. In the southern part of the county along the Conecuh River, the topography is uneven. The Conecuh and Sapulga rivers constitute the drainage system. These streams and their tributaries have cut channels to depths varying from a few feet to a hundred feet or more below the surround- ing rivers. The tributaries of the Conecuh drain about four-fifths of the county, while the other one-fifth is drained by the Escambia and Little Escambia and their tributaries. Murder Creek (q. v.) rises in the north- western section of the county, and flows south through its entire extent. The county lies in the Coastal Plain. It has large areas of highly valuable farming soils, topographically and texturally suited to cultivation. These soils vary from sands through sandy loams,

fine sandy loams, and loams to clay loams and clays, and from excessively drained lands through lands of favorable drainage to wet overflowed stream bottom soils. The princi- pal tree growth consists of magnolia, beech, long leaf pine, spruce, pine, water-oak, cypress birch, ironwood, maple, bay, ash and sweet gum. The climate is temperate and free from extremes, with short and mild winters, and with summers not oppressive. Breezes from the Gulf temper the summer season. It has a mean temperature of 50° F. with extremes during the season ranging from zero to 80º F., but zero weather is of very short duration. The mean annual precipitation is 51 inches, and is well distributed. Details of the charac- ter and extent of productions are noted in the statistics below.

Aboriginal History .- From the absence of ancient remains it would seem that the terri- tory included in the the county had few inhabitants in prehistoric times. It lay wholly within the original domain of the Creeks, but the only Indian town known to have existed within its limits seems to have been a village found by the early settlers on Old Town Creek in the eastern part of the county. This was probably a modern settle- ment, made by Red Stick fugitives after the defeat at the Horse Shoe Bend.

The Burnt Corn fight, which marks the beginning of the Creek Indian War of 1913-14, took place July 27, 1813, near the Conecuh County line, at the crossing of Burnt Corn Creek by the old Pensacola Trail. This was one of the most noted of southern trails, and was sometimes called the Wolf Path. It ex- tended from Pensacola north into the Upper Creek Nation, and was the great trading path used by the Indians, white traders, and Eng- lish and Spanish emissaries long before, dur- ing and after the Revolutionary War.

It is said that Capt. Joseph Shomo, some time after the Burnt Corn engagement, made an excursion into this section of the county, and attacked the Indians at Battle Branch, eight miles south of Bellville. Local evi- dences of the conflict were long pointed out. Following their defeat and the cession of their lands at Fort Jackson, August 9, 1814, the Indians were much disorganized, and from time to time throughout the territory they committed many depredations. The Indians in Conecuh gave the few early settlers much trouble by killing their cattle and hogs, break- ing into their houses, and taking provisions and corn, and threatening their extermination. In July 1817, a Mr. Glass, living near Burnt Corn Spring was killed by an Indian belong- ing to a patry camped on Pine Barren Creek in the present Wilcox County. These Indians were pursued by a small force under Capt. Sam Dale, but their camp was found deserted. For protection three rude forts were erected- one near the home of Alexander Autrey, one at the head of Bellville Branch, and one in the vicinity of Burnt Corn. The resolution of the settlers deterred the Indians from fur- ther trouble.

It appears that there was an understanding between the settlers on Hampden Ridge and

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

the Indians in the village on old Town Creek, in which Murder Creek was considered the boundary between them. In time, however, the Indians again began to commit depreda- tions, and the settlers became so exasperated that they marched to the village, drove out the inhabitants and burned their cabins. The Indians then disappeared from the county and settlements soon began to be made on the east side of Murder Creek.

Settlement and Later History .- The first white man to build a home in Conecuh County was Samuel Buchanan, who in the latter part of 1815 located on Hawthorne's Mill Creek, about a mile and a half west of Bellville. The second settler who came was Alexander Autry, an emigrant from Georgia, who, after living a few years in Monroe County, moved into Conecuh, and settled west of Murder Creek on the range of hills, to which he gave the name of Hampden Ridge. Very soon afterwards Thomas Mendenhall, Ell Menden- hall and Reuben Hart from North Carolina, settled in the vicinity of Bellville. Con- temporary with these settlers were Thomas Crosby, Robert Savage, Mayberry Thomas and Alexander Donald, all from Chester Dis- trict. S. C., who made their homes near Hamp- den Ridge.

With the gradual influx of other settlers in 1816 and 1817, Bellville and Hampden Ridge became the rival communities of the county. Bellville was first known as "The Ponds," but received its present name from several brothers named Bell who settled there about 1818. In the Hampden Ridge com- munity, perhaps in 1817, was born Richard Baggett, the first white child in the county. Burnt Corn settlement followed close upon Bellville and Hampden Ridge. Its first settler, early in 1816, was James Grace of Georgia. During the next two years it received many others.

Malachi Warren erected the first house on the site of Sparta. About 1818 settlements were made on Ard and Bottle Creeks, and about two years later on Old Town Creek, and at Evergreen. The first grist mill in the northern part of the county was built by Cap- tain Cummings, and soon after another, by · Bartly Walker on Mill Creek, near Bellville.

Some of the early settlers of the county, coming between 1817 and 1822, excluding those already mentioned, were Dr Milton Amos, Jesse Baggett, Major Bowie. John Brantley, Richard Curry, Aaron Feagan, George Feagan, Eldridge S. Greening, Dr. Houghton, Thomas Hodge, John S. Hunter, Asa Johnston, Caleb Johnston, John Mc- Cloud, Murdock McPherson, George Stone- ham, Rev. Alexander Travis, Thomas Watts, Rev. David Wood. The last named was a blind Baptist minister, who preached the first ser- mon in the county.

A picturesque point in the county is Turk's Cave, near Brooklyn. From the remains, it must have been a favorite bird roost. Shortly after the settlement of the county the high- wayman, Joseph T. Hare and his accomplices, made this their rendezvous, or place of resort. From this point they went forth from time to

time to rob and kill the traders from Pensa- cola to the Indian country, and here they stored their ill-gotten treasure.

Conecuh County experienced one Federal raid during the war. On March 21, 1865, Col. A. B. Spurling, in command of three brigades of cavalry, advanced from Milton, Fla., by way of Andalusia toward his work of destruc- tion in Conecuh County. A little before mid- night on March 23, he struck the Alabama and Florida Railroad five miles above Ever- green. Here at 4:30 on the morning of March 24 he captured and destroyed the train coming up from Pollard. At 7 o'clock, in like manner, he captured and destroyed the train coming from Montgomery, taking 7 com- missioned officers and 100 soldiers.

Thence he proceeded to Evergreen where he arrived at eleven o'clock. Here he des- troyed some stores and the rolling stock at the depot. The destruction of Confederate government property at Evergreen was cer- tainly an act of legitimate warfare. But the amenities of war were grievously violated by Spurling's men while in Conecuh county in their shooting at defenseless citizens, and in Evergreen in their despoiling families of their silver plate and jewelry.

From Evergreen the raiders went on to Sparta, arriving there at 4 o'clock. Here a clean sweep was made in burning the depot, the rolling stock, and some trestle work. An indefensible act in Sparta was the burning of the county jail. Col. Spurling spent the night in Sparta, and the next day proceeded south- west out of the county. His official report gives as the spoils of this Conecuh raid, 120 prisoners, 200 negroes, 250 horses and mules. Non-official spoils, such as silver plate and jewelry were not included.

Confederate Commands from County .- The commands listed below were made up in whole or in part from this county.

Infantry.

Co. E, "Conecuh Guards," 4th Regt.

Co. D, 16th Regt.

Co. D, "Cary Rifles," 23d Regt.

Co. H, 23d Regt.

Co. I, 29th Regt.

Co. E, "Miller Guards," 38th Regt.

Co. E, "McCulloch Avengers," 42d Regt.

Co. F, "Conecuh Reserves," 65th Regt.

Miscellaneous.

Co. F, 23d Battalion of Sharp Shooters.

Farm, Livestock and Crop Statistics, 1917. -The statistics below are given for illustra- tive purposes, and, in tabular form, without any attempt at comparison or analysis. They were gathered under the direction of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Number of all farms, 2,330. Acres cultivated, 117,000. Acres in pasture, 35,670. Farm Animals:

Horses and mules, 4,810.

Milk cows, 5,140. Other cattle, 13,460. Brood sows, 6,080.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Other hogs, 25,830. Sheep, 4,150.

Selected Crops (Acres and Quantity) .-

Corn, 70,000 acres; 723,600 bushels.

Cotton, 17,500 acres; 4,160 bales.

Peanuts, 15,890 acres; 42,800 bushels. Velvet Beans, 40,100 acres; 7,930 tons. Hay, 6,480 acres; 4,840 tons.

Syrup cane, 980 acres; 113,330 gallons.

Cowpeas, 3.472 acres; 13,820 bushels. Sweet potatoes, 1,900 acres; 136,610 bushels.

Irish potatoes, 60 acres; 1,560 bushels.

Oats, 5,620 acres; 26,740 bushels.

Wheat, 30 acres; 60 bushels.

Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to July 1. 1917, from U. S. Official Postal Guide. (Figures indicate the number of rural routes from that office.)

Belleville

Nichburg

Brooklyn

Nymph

Castleberry -- 3

Owassa-1

Cohasset

Paul

Evergreen (ch)-2

Rabb

Gregville

Range

Herbert

Repton-1

Lenox

Shreve

Melrose

Skinnerton-1

Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lications of the U. S. Bureau of the Census.

White

Negro

Total.

1820.

3,769

1,944

5,713

1830.

3,812

3,632

7,444

1840.

4,376

3,821

8,197

1850.

4,925

4,397

9,322

1860.

6,419

4,892

11,311

1870.

4,667

4,901

9,574

1880.

6,224

6,380

12,604

1890.

7,987

6,606

14,593

1900.

9,720

7,793

17,514

1910.

11,353

10,079 21,433

Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .- 1819-Samuel Cook.

1861-John Green.

1865-William A. Ashley.

1867-Augustus W. Jones.

1875-J. C. Robinson, John Greene, Sr.

1901-John D. Burnett, J. M. Foshee.

Senators.

1819-20-John Herbert.

1821-2-John W. Devereux.

1825-6- William Jones.

1828-9-John Watkins.

1830-William Hemphill.

1833-4-William Hemphill.

1836-7-Samuel W. Oliver.

1837-8-Herndon Lee Henderson.

1839-40- S. S. Andress. 1842-3-John Watkins.

1845-6- John Morrissett.

1847-8-John Morrissett.

1851-2-William Perry Leslie.

1853-4-William A. Ashley.

1857-8-Daniel H. Horn.

1861-2-D. C. Davis.

1865-6-William A. Ashley. 1868-William Miller, Jr.

1871-2-William Miller, Jr.

1872-3-William Miller, Jr.

1873-William Miller, Jr. 1874-5-E. W. Martin.

1875-6-E. W. Martin.

1876-7-J. H. Dunklin.

1878-9-David Buel.

1880-1-G. R. Farnham.

1882-3-G. R. Farnham.

1884-5-J. K. Henry.

1886-7- J. C. Richardson.

1888-9-Nicholas Stallworth.

1890-1-Nicholas Stallworth.

1892-3-R. E. Steiner.

1894-5-P. M. Bruner.

1896-7-A. W. Deans (of Covington).

1898-9-A. W. Deans.

1899 (Spec.)-A. W. Deans.

1900-01-D. M. Powell.

1903-Dempsey Monroe Powell. 1907-C. E. Reid.

1907 (Spec.)-C. E. Reid.

1909 (Spec.)-C. E. Reid.

1911-W. C. Crumpton.

1915-C. F. Winkler.

1919-J. Morgan Prestwood.

Representatives.

1819-20-William Lee; Thomas Watts. 1820-1-Samuel Cook; Thomas Armstrong. 1821 (called)-Samuel Cook; Thomas Armstrong.

1821-2-Eldridge S. Greening; John E. Graham.

1822-3-Samuel W. Oliver; John S. Hunt- er; Taylor. 1823-4-Samuel W. Oliver; John Fields; James Salter.

1824-5-Samuel W. Oliver; Nathaniel

Cook; John Green. 1825-6-Samuel W. Oliver; Eldridge S.

Greening.

1826-7-Samuel W. Oliver; Eldridge S. Greening.

1827-8-Samuel W. Oliver; Eldridge S. Greening. 1828-9-Joseph P. Clough; James Salter. 1829-30-John Green; Henry E. Curtis. 1830-1-Joseph P. Clough; Samuel Dubose. 1831-2- Samuel W. Oliver; John Watkins. 1832 (called)-Samuel W. Oliver; Julian S. Devereux.

1832-3-Samuel W. Oliver; Julian S. De- vereux.

1833-4-Samuel W. Oliver; Watkins Salter. 1834-5-Samuel W. Oliver.

1835-6-Wilson Ashley.

1836-7-Jeptha V. Perryman.

1837 (called) .- Jeptha V. Perryman.

1837-8-Jeptha V. Perryman.

1838-9-James M. Bolling.

1839-40-James M. Bolling.

1840-1-W. A. Bell.

1841 (called)-W. A. Bell.

1841-2-Churchill Jones.

1842-3-Churchill Jones.

1843-4- Churchill Jones.

1844-5-A. W. Jones.

1845-6-James A. Stallworth.

1847-8-James A. Stallworth.

1849-50-William A. Ashley.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

1851-2-William A. Ashley.

1853-4-Andrew Jay.

1855-6-Andrew Jay.

1857-8- John D. Cary.

1859-60-John D. Cary.

1861 (1st called)-John D. Cary.

1861 (2d called)-William A. Ashley.

1861-2-William A. Ashley.

1862 (called) -William A. Ashley.

1862-3-William A. Ashley.

1863 (called) -William Green.

1863-4-William Green.

1864 (called)-William Green.

1864-5-William Green.

1865-6-F. M. Walker.

1866-7-F. M. Walker.

1868-J. Yates.

1869-70-J. Yates.

1870-1-J. W. Etheridge.

1871-2-J. W. Ethridge.

1872-3-Nicholas Stallworth.

1873-Nicholas Stallworth.

1874-5-N. Stallworth.

1875-6-N. Stallworth.

1876-7-A J. Robinson.

1878-9 -- Eli Clark.

1880-1-A. J. Robinson.

1882-3-J. D. Burnett.

1884-5-J. D. Burnett.

1886-7-W. B. Shaver.

1888-9-Robert A. Lee.

1890-1-R. A. Lee.

1892-3-James F. Jones.

1894-5-T. J. Brown.

1896-7-Frank Simmons.

1898-9-P. M. Bruner.

1899 (Spec.)-P. M. Bruner.

1900-01-James F. Jones.

1903-Dr. Andrew Jay; (died and vacancy filled by Richard T. Holland. )

1907-J. D. McCrory.

1907 (Spec.)-J. D. McCrory.

1909 (Spec.)-J. D. McCrory.

1911-Edwin C. Page.

1915-F. L. Riley.

1919-G. W. Salter, Jr.

For many details on various subjects in the history of the county, see separate sketches of Baptists-Louise Short Home; Brooklyn; Burnt Corn; Burnt Corn Fight; Castleberry; Coastal Plain; Conecuh River; Evergreen; Lands, Public; Murder Creek; Repton; Sec- ond District Agricultural School; Soils and Soil Surveys; Sparta.

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History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 62

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 756

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756