USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 80
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11c
1868.
62,000
13c
1849.
27,000
13c
1869
66,000
12c
1850.
32,000
14c
1870.
69,000
15c
1851.
30,000
15c
1871.
70,000
12c
1852
32,000
16c
1853.
32,000
13c
1873
71,000
10c
1854.
43,000
9c
1874.
79,090
11c
1855.
45,000
10c
1875
99,000
10c
1876
87,000
10c
1877.
91,000
10c
1858.
. 52,000
9c
1859.
58,000
12c
1860
62,000
13c
1861.
64,000
18c
Years
Acres
Bales
Value Dollars
1850
564,429
898,955
1860.
1870.
Pounds
1878
1,837,550
242,556,600
19,889,641
1879.
1,892,700
321,759,000
35,393,490
1880
2,460,600
378,932,400
37,893,240
1882
2,610,420
810,000
36,450,000
1883
2,610,420
630,400
28,052,800
1884.
2,740,941
648,700
29,862,905
1885.
2,795,760
760,447
31,349,428
1886.
2,823,718
367,083,340
30,467,917
1887
2,809,599
842,880
35,881,402
1888.
2,851,743
905,315
38,783,705
1890.
2,761,165
915,210
1893.
2,316,000
810,000
1894.
2,664,861
854,122
23,915,416
1895
2,371,726
663,916
2,656,333
833,789
28,280,705
1897
2,709,460
1,112,681
31,999,174
1898.
3,003,176
1,176,042
30,949,780
1899
3,202,135
1,095,329
37,120,000
1900
3,403,746
1,038,392
43,930,000
1901.
3,642,964
1,123,764
44,210,000
1902
3,501,614
977,045
37,530,000
1903
3,608,049
986,221
57,390,000
1904.
3,611,731
1,448,157
59,950,000
1905
3,500,168
1,238,574
64,820,000
1906.
3,658,000
1,261,522
60,410,000
1907
3,439,000
1,112,698
60,970,000
1908.
3,591,000
1,345,713
59,480,000
1909
3,731,000
1,024,350
69,940,000
1910.
3,560,000
1,194,250
83,420,000
1911.
4,017,000
1,716,534
81,710,000
1912.
3,730,000
1,342,275
76,780,000
1913.
3,760,000
1,495,485
96,160,000
1914.
4,007,000
1,751,375
63,840,000
1915.
3,382,000
1,050,000
55,734,000
1916.
3,219,000
525,000
48,956,000
1872
70,000
10c
1856.
48,000
12c
1857
49,000
11c
Statistics of cotton production in the entire State, from 1850 to 1916, are given in the following table:
Area
Product
429,482
Bales
Pounds
Bales
1896.
No. Bales
Price
1842.
411
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Cottonseed. The development of cotton- seed as a factor in the production and manu- facture of cotton in the State is shown by the appended statement of production and values for the years 1903 to 1914, inclusive:
Year
Product Short Tons
Value Dollars
1903
472,000
7,510,000
1904.
692,000
8,830,000
1905.
593,000
8,680,000
1906
561,000
7,710,000
1907.
494,000
8,820,000
1908.
598,000
9,590,000
1909
454,000
13,100,000
1910.
530,000
15,160,000
1911.
762,000
13,870,000
1912.
596,000
11,620,000
1913
664,000
15,600,000
1914.
778,000
14,700,000
See Agriculture; Cotton Manufacturing; Cotton Statistics, Bureau of; Manufacturing and Manufactures; Waterborne Commerce.
REFERENCES .- U. S. Bureau of the Census, Census reports, 1840-1910; DeBow, Statistical view of the United States, 1850 and 1860; Walker, Compendium of the Ninth Census, 1870 (1872); Ibid, 1880 (1883), Pts. 1 and 2; Hilgard, Report on cotton production in the United States (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1884), Pt. 2, pp. 9-163; U. S. Bureau of the Census, Abstract of the 13th Census, 1910, with Supplement for Alabama (1913); Ibid, Cotton production, 1911, Bulletin 114 (1912) ; Ibid, 1913, Bulletin 125 (1914); Ibid, Crop of 1915 (1916); Mell, A microscopic study of the cotton plant (Ala. Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 13 new ser., 1890); Newman and Clay- ton, Experiments with cotton, 1890 and 1891 (Ibid, Bulletins 22 and 33 new ser.); Atkin- son, Black "Rust" of cotton (Ibid, Bulletin 24, new ser., 1891); Ala. Ag. Exp. Station, Results of experiments on cotton in Alabama (Bulle- tin 107, Dec., 1899, 1900); Wilcox, "The Mexi- can cotton boll weevil" (Ala. Ag. Exp. Station, Bulletin 129, 1904); Duggar, Description and classification of varieties of American upland cotton (Ibid, Bulletin 140, 1907). W. E. Hinds, entomologist of the Alabama Agricultural Ex- perlment Station at Auburn, has contributed several valuable studies of the subject, among others: Facing the boll weevil problem in Ala- bama (Ala. Ag. Exp. Station, Bulletin 146, 1909); The boll weevil advance in Alabama (Ibid, Circular 5); Fighting the boll weevil (Ibid, Circular 6); Destroying boll weevils by clean farming (Ibid, Circular 7) ; Cotton worm or "Caterpillar" (Ibld, Bulletin 164, 1912) ; Boll weevil effect upon cotton production (Ibid, Bulletin 178, 1914). Isaac Croom, A memoir on the subject of the cotton plant, in Trans. Ala. Hist. Society, 1851 (1852), pp. 30-54; State Dept. of Agriculture, The boll worm and the cotton worm (Bulletin 8, 1885) ; Wilkinson, Cotton growing as an industry (in Ala. Dept. of Agriculture and Industries, Bulle- tin, serial 27, n. d.), pp. 13-19; M. B. Houghton, Marketing the cotton crop of the State (Ibid, Bulletin, serial 48, 1911); Watkins, Production and price of cotton for one hundred years (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Mis. ser. Bulletin
9, 1895); Charles W. Dabney, "The cotton plant," in U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bulletin 33 (H. Dec. 267, 54th Cong., 2d sess.) ; Flem- ing, Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama (1905), pp. 187, 191-193, 290 et seq., 710-734, 804; Hardy, Selma (1879), p. 158; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915, pp. 453- 454; Thos. C. Johnson, Cotton lands and Ala- bama (1865, pp. 15); F. G. Caffey, "The United States Cotton Futures Act," in U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Announcements, 1915; Ball, Clarke County (1882), pp. 73; Loring and Atkinson, Cotton culture and the South (1869).
COTTON MANUFACTURING. Alabama is and has always been predominantly an agri- cultural community. This was particularly the case during the years preceding 1861, when slave labor, together with the lack of transportation facilities suitable for shipping products other than raw cotton, operated to retard development of all manufacturing en- terprises, including those which would have utilized the cotton. After the introduction of the Whitney gin, with its immense stimu- lation of cotton culture, the planters generally sold their cotton in the bale and purchased its manufactured products from the North or from Europe. However, sporadic efforts to establish factories to manufacture cotton goods for home consumption, were made in Alabama as early as 1820; but these under- takings frequently were launched by men without sufficient means, or the requisite tech- nical knowledge to insure success. The fail- ure of these enterprises discouraged others from making the attempt. These things to- gether with other influences, such as the abundance of unskilled labor adapted to agri- culture and the equal scarcity of skilled labor suitable for industrial pursuits, and the preference of the southern people for agri- cultural rather than for commercial and in- dustrial pursuits, tended to hinder the growth of the cotton-manufacturing industry through many decades. In fact, it may be said that it required the War, with its destruction of southern property in slaves and the concur- rent readjustment of social standards, to put industrialism in Alabama upon a permanent and prosperous basis.
Pioneer Factories .- Previous to the year 1820 a cotton factory had been established in Madison County, "near the Three Forks of Flint River," by Horatio Jones & Co., as ap- pears from an advertisement published in the Alabama Republican, Huntsville, September 29, 1820. This factory spun yarn from cotton, but seems not to have attempted the manu- facture of any sort of cloth. Its product was intended mainly for domestic use, and most of it was exchanged with the local planters for "good, clean seed cotton on accommodat- ing terms." In 1832, December 29, the leg- Islature incorporated "the Bell Factory of the county of Madison," for the manufacture of cotton cloth. The factory was erected about 10 miles northeast of Huntsville, on Flint River, a short distance below the confluence of the three forks, and had been operated for
-
412
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
several years hy a partnership of individuals before being incorporated as a joint-stock company. The energy obtained by damming the waters of the Flint furnished the motive power for the 3,000 spindles and 100 looms of the mill, in which the labor of slaves was almost exclusively employed. In the absence of steam for a whistle, a large bell was used to summon the operatives to work, and from this circumstance, it is said, the factory de- rived its name. Until the establishment of the large mill at Prattville, known as "Pratt- ville Manufacturing Company, Number One," which was founded by Daniel Pratt (q. v.) in 1845, the "Bell Factory" was the largest and most notable industrial enterprise in the State.
The Prattville Manufacturing Co. No. 1, was incorporated by act of January 13, 1846, with Daniel Pratt, James Allen, and Jesse P. Par- ham as incorporators. This factory, too, utilized water power to run its machinery. Under the guidance of Mr. Pratt, who brought to the undertaking the expert knowledge of the trained mechanic and the remarkable energy and business sagacity that character- ized his whole career as manufacturer and financier, the mill was profitable from the first. The enterprise survived the War, de- spite losses aggregating half a million dol- lars, and it is still in operation, under a re- organization, though it has been found necessary to supplement water power with steam. The mill operates over eleven thou- sand spindles and manufactures several dif- ferent kinds of cloth which find ready sale in the markets of the world.
Labor Conditions .- Besides the foregoing, there had been an early factory for the manu- facture of cotton cloth situated on Dog River, near Mobile; but it did not long continue, and was not a financial success. The fame of the thriving enterprises founded by Daniel Pratt soon spread abroad through the State, and did much to direct the minds of the people toward industrial enterprise. However, progress was slow while the system of slavery endured. The negroes did not readily learn the operation of intricate machinery, and the poor whites, who might have become skilled operatives, would not condescend to work in mills, but held themselves aloof on their small farms, preferring to eke out a bare existence in independence rather than work under a "boss" like slaves. After the War these conditions were altered to a great ex- tent. They were glad to work at anything which offered cash wages and yet did not bring them into direct contact and competi- tion with the negroes, as would have heen the case in the fields and the other occupa- tions requiring greater physical strength and less deftness and skill. There can be little question that the antipathy of the poorer white families for negroes, coupled with the willingness of some capitalists to profit by the underpaid labor of women and children, who soon came to form the larger number of operatives in the mills, contributed largely to the development of the cotton goods in-
dustry in the South in the years following the War. To these factors perhaps should he added the willingness of some of the men to permit their wives and children to earn the support of the family, which shortly suc- ceeded their unwillingness to work alongside the negroes. In any event, the poor white and his numerous family made possible the enormously profitable Alabama cotton mill; and it is only recently that effectual steps have been taken by the State to stop the ex- ploitation of its children, by means of stringent child labor laws.
The standpoint from which many public men viewed the relation of the State's cot- ton production to its dependent and partly- dependent classes, is well shown by the fol- lowing extract from the report of John C. Keffer, commissioner of industrial resources, for 1869:
"The cotton crop of this year will yield to Alabama about fifty millions of dollars cur- rency. A large part of this money will re- main in the possession of the land owners of the State. The time is not far distant when the surplus capital thus accumulating from the profits of agriculture will be seeking avenues for lucrative investment. In our State are not less than a hundred thousand widows and orphans, who are now producing little or nothing toward their own support. If they are not positively burdensome to the commonwealth, they at least contribute noth- ing towards its growth and maintenance. Yet these people are in no true sense paupers, and would gladly hail any opportunity afforded them of earning a living by honest toil.
"Our cotton goes now in its lint state beyond our borders, and the processes of its manufacture give support to millions of just such people as those who languish among us for want of employment. Our water power, reliable at all seasons of the year, free from interruption by ice, and running through lands as healthy as any in the world, is suf- ficient to turn all the spindles of the world. With capital accumulating among our land owners, with cheap labor seeking employ- ment, with abundant mill power in close proximity to the cotton fields, there is no reason why we should long continue to send our cotton abroad to be manufactured. A few efforts have already been made toward the establishment of cotton mills by public spirited citizens, who deserve the thanks of the General Assembly and its fostering care for their enterprises."
Cotton Mills .- The manufacture of cotton goods was first included in statistical reports for the State in 1839, when the value of cot- ton products reported by the United States Census Bureau was $17,547. During the next 50 years the industry increased slowly, but from 1889 to 1909 its growth was remarkably rapid, especially during the decade follow- ing 1899. In 1899 Alabama held ninth place among the cotton-manufacturing States, hav- ing a value of products aggregating $22,211,- 748 for that year. At present there are about seventy factories, employing nearly sixteen
413
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
thousand operatives, running nearly a million spindles, turning out a large variety of products, and representing the investment of many millions of dollars. A complete list of the cotton factories, with data regarding the present status of each, follows:
Abingdon Mills, Huntsville; established 1906; 13,952 ring, 2,624 twister spindles; 51 cards; 3 boilers; manufactures duck, drills, twills, and osnaburgs.
Adelaide Mills, Anniston; incorporated 1900; capital $50,000; 7,344 ring sp .; 25 cards; 3 boilers; 12 to 20 hosiery yarns.
Alabama Cotton Mills (property of the State) Speigner; 9,000 ring sp .; 32 cards; 234 broad looms; 3 water wheels; electric power; sheetings, osnaburgs & duck. See Convict Department.
Alexander City Cotton Mills, Alexander City; inc. 1906; cap. $200,000; 6,528 ring sp .; 50 cards; 209 looms; 2 boilers; duck, drills, etc.
American Net & Twine Co., Anniston; est. 1842; inc. as Gold Medal Twine Mills; cap. $500,000; 10,000 ring sp .; 54 cards; 4 boilers; seine twine; branch of East Cam- bridge, Mass.
Anniston Cordage Co., Anniston; inc. 1892; cap. $50,000; 1,500 ring sp .; 19 cards; 2 boilers; braided sash cords.
Anniston Knitting Mills Co., Anniston; inc. 1901; cap. $50,000; 75 knitting, 60 rib, 25 looping machines; dye; finish; 1 boiler; chil- dren's and misses' 96 to 128 needle ribbed cotton and lisle hosiery.
Anniston Manufacturing Co., Anniston; inc. 1880; cap. $250,000; 12,767 ring sp .; 43 cards; 3 boilers; brown sheeting, shirting, & drills.
Anniston Yarn Mills, Anniston; inc. 1900; cap. $100,000; 5,712 ring sp .; 20 cards; 3 boilers; hosiery & undyed yarns.
.
Ashcraft Cotton Mills, Florence; inc. 1909; cap. $100,000; 6,240 ring, 1,000 twister sp .; 17 cards; 1 boiler; brown sheeting, fancy dress goods, & dress duck.
Attalla Hosiery Mills, Attalla (owned by W. B. Davis & Sons); inc. 1915; cap. $100,- 000; 100 knitting, 100 ribbing, 25 looping machines; 1 boiler; electric power; white hosiery; branch of Fort Payne.
Avondale Mills, Birmingham; inc. 1897; cap. $625,000; 39,800 ring sp .; 58 cards; 512 broad, 430 narrow looms; dye; 6 boilers; print cloths & chambrays.
Barker Cotton Mill Co., Mobile; inc. 1900; cap. $300,000; 16,008 ring, 200 twister sp .; 36 cards; 30 broad, 443 narrow looms; 4 boilers; sheeting, diaper cloth, toweling, & 14 chain yarns for market.
Bettie Francis Cotton Mills, Alexander City; inc. 1914; cap. $100,000; 5,472 ring sp .; electric power; knitting yarn.
Buck Creek Cotton Mills, Siluria; inc. 1911; successor to Siluria Cotton Mills Co .; cap. $600,000; 20,000 ring sp .; 55 cards; 400 looms; 4 boilers; electric power; sheetings & drills.
Canebrake Cotton Mills, Uniontown; inc. 1912; cap. $80,000; 10,000 ring, 5,000
twister sp .; 35 cards; 4 boilers; warp twist yarns.
Central Mills, Sylacauga (owned by Avon- dale Mills, Birmingham); 25,536 ring sp .; 75 cards; 3 boilers; 18 to 32 hosiery yarns.
Cherry Cotton Mills, Florence; inc. 1893; cap. $200,000; 11,008 ring sp .; 34 cards; 4 boilers; 12 & 14 single 40-2 warps, 6 to 40 single and ply skeins.
Chinabee Cotton Mills, Talladega; inc. 1901; cap. $75,000; 5,200 ring sp .; 2 boilers; 12 to 18 hosiery yarns on cones.
Clark-Pratt Cotton Mills, Prattville, suc- cessor to Prattville Cotton Mills; inc. as Prattville Manufacturing Co. No. 1, by act of Jan. 13, 1846 (see text supra); 12,500 ring sp .; 290 narrow looms; 4 boilers; 1 water wheel; cotton cloth.
Coosa Manufacturing Co., Piedmont; inc. 1891; cap. $175,000; 30,096 ring, 12,380 twister sp .; 60 cards; 9 pickers; 10 boilers; 30 to 80-2 ply combed Peeler and Egypt. yarn.
Cowikee Mills, Eufaula; inc. 1909; cap. $100,000; 12,864 ring sp .; 31 cards; 320 broad looms; 2 boilers; dye, bleach, finish; 36 in. gray goods, 26 in. and 36 in. cham- brays & stripes.
Dallas Manufacturing Co., Huntsville; inc. 1890; cap. $1,200,000; 58,752 ring sp .; 144 cards; 715 broad, 704 narrow looms; 12 boilers; 36 in. to 108 in. brown & bleached sheetings.
Danville Knitting Mills, Bon Air; est. 1914; 6,120 ring sp .; 36 cards; 1 boiler; 14 to 18 hosiery yarn; branch of Danville Knitting Mills, Danville, Va.
Davis, W. B. & Sons, Fort Payne, formerly Florence Hosiery Mills; 100 knitting, 210 ribbing, 42 looping machines; 1 boiler; chil- dren's cotton hosiery; branch of Davis Hosiery Mills, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Demopolis Cotton Mills, Demopolis; est. 1914; 3,600 mule sp .; 9 sets cards; 1 to 7 mule spun yarn ( woolen system).
Dwight Manufacturing Co., Alabama City; inc. 1841 in Mass .; 64,700 ring sp .; 275 cards; 2,000 narrow looms; 7 boilers; sheet- ing, drills, duck; (also Chicopee, Mass.).
Enterprise Cotton Mills, Enterprise; inc. 1901; cap. $150,000; 6,324 ring sp .; 36 cards; 60 broad, 100 narrow looms; 3 boil- ers; duck & osnaburgs.
Eva Jane Mills, Sylacauga (owned by Avondale Mills, Birmingham); 40,000 ring sp .; 125 cards; 1,200 looms; 8 boilers; dye; bleach; sheetings & colored goods.
Fulton Cotton Mill Co., Athens; inc. 1910; cap. $50,000; 6,032 ring, 2,896 twister sp .; 16 cards; 3 boilers; 24-2 weaving yarns.
Girard Cotton Mills, Girard; inc. 1900; cap. $75,000; 7,616 ring sp .; 22 cards; 283 narrow looms; 1 boiler; electric power; plaids; subsidiary of Eagle & Phenix Mills, Columbus, Ga.
Glenola Cotton Mills, Eufaula; inc. 1910; cap. $50,000; 5,800 ring sp .; 13 cards; 148 broad looms; 3 boilers; sheetings.
Handley, W. A., Manufacturing Co., Roa- noke; inc. 1900; cap. $100,000; 17,000 ring, 5,800 twister sp .; 38 cards; 231 broad looms;
414
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
2 boilers; duck, drills, & 6 to 30 single & ply 30 weaving yarns, warps & skeins for market.
Hicks Hosiery Mills, Talladega, successor to Talladega Hosiery Mills; 80 knitting, 50 ribbing, 20 looping, 1 sewing machines; 1 boiler; dye; finish; electric power; 136 needle cotton seamless balf-bose.
Highland City Mills, Talladega; inc. 1898; cap. $50,000; 5,376 ring sp .; hosiery yarns, 10 to 16.
Huntsville Cotton Mills, Huntsville; inc. 1881; cap. $106,000; 7,568 ring sp .; 23 cards; 2 boilers; skein & chain warps.
Huntsville Knitting Co., Huntsville; inc. 1901; cap. $150,000; 6,200 sp .; 38 knitting, 75 sewing machines; 3 boilers; dye; men's cotton fleece lined underwear.
Indian Head Mills of Ala., Cordova; inc. 1897; cap. $600,000; 27,472 ring sp .; 112 cards; 942 narrow looms; 6 boilers; sheet- ings, drills, cotton flannels.
Lanett Cotton Mills, Lanett; inc. in Ga. 1893; cap. $1,000,000; 61,000 ring sp .; 220 cards; 500 broad, 1,000 narrow looms; 8 boilers; sheetings, drills, duck, & sateens.
Lang Cotton Mills, Lanett; est. 1898; inc. in Ga. 1913; cap. $60,000; 5,000 ring, 1,000 twister sp .; 20 cards; 40 broad, 20 narrow looms; dye; finish; electric power; lap dust- ers, netting, Jacquard specialties, & 3 to 14 single & ply yarns for market.
Lowe Manufacturing Co., Huntsville; inc. 1900; cap. $350,000; 26,624 ring sp .; 54 cards; 566 narrow looms; 7 boilers; dye, bleach, finish; electric power; ginghams, madras shirtings, & 30 to 40 yarns for mar- ket.
Marble City Mills, Sylacauga; cap. $50,000; 4,120 ring sp .; 20 cards; 1 boiler; 8 to 12 bosiery yarns.
Merrimack Manufacturing Co., Huntsville; est. in Mass. 1822; cap. $4,400,000; 92,480 ring sp .; 210 cards; 602 broad, 2.079 narrow looms; 10 boilers; lawns & print cloths; branch of Lowell, Mass.
Mobile Cotton Mills, Mobile; inc. 1898; cap. $200,000; 10.000 ring sp .; 40 cards; 3 boilers; 8 to 22 white knitting yarns.
Montala Manufacturing Co., Montgomery; inc. 1909; cap. $240,000; 10,000 ring sp .; 30 cards; 160 broad, 160 narrow looms; 4 boil- ers; sheetings & drills.
Montgomery Cordage Co., Montgomery; inc. 1907; $25,000; 1,040 ring, 432 twister sp .; 9 cards; 1 boiler; 1 water wheel; wrap- ping twines & No. 5 yarns, 2 to 8 ply.
Montgomery Cotton Mills, Montgomery; cap. $50,000; 6,864 ring sp .; 36 cards; 162 broad looms; 3 boilers; duck & osnaburgs.
Munford Cotton Mills, Munford; inc. 1907; cap. $33,500; 2,688 ring sp .; 13 cards; 12-24 single cone yarns.
Opelika Cotton Mills, Opelika; inc. 1900; cap. $150,000; 15,336 ring, 4,000 twister sp .; 32 cards; 3 boilers; 30 to 40 single & 2 ply weaving & knitting yarns on tubes & cones & in skeins and warps.
Ozark Cotton Mill Co., Ozark; inc. 1913; cap. $60,000; 5,000 sp .; 15 cards; 2 boilers; 16 to 30 knitting yarn.
Pell City Manufacturing Co., Pell City; inc.
1902; cap. $750,000; 22,600 ring sp .; 118 cards; 720 narrow looms; 4 boilers; dye; finish; denims.
Profile Cotton Mills, Jacksonville; inc. 1900; cap. $300,000; 40,000 sp .; 79 cards; 7 boilers; electric power; 20 to 40-2 & 3 ply carded yarns.
Rabell Manufacturing Co., Selma, succes- sor to Valley Creek Cotton Mills; 10,816 ring sp .; 26 cards; 144 broad, 176 narrow looms; 3 boilers; bag cloth & sheeting.
Riverdale Cotton Mills, Riverview; inc. in Ga. Nov. 18, 1898; cap. $350,000; 13,000 sp .; 60 cards; 350 looms; 4 pickers; 4 openers; 3 slashers; 2 boilers; water power; cotton goods.
Rosenau Hosiery Mills, Tuscaloosa; inc. 1901; cap. $50,000; 152 knitting, 30 ribbing, 30 looping machines; 1 boiler; dye; finish; ladies', men's & children's seamless hosiery.
Russell Manufacturing Co., Alexander City; inc. 1902; cap. $250,000; 11,000 sp .; 40 knit- ting, 50 sewing machines; 2 boilers; electric power; bleach; finish; ladies' cotton ribbed vests & 24 cotton undyed yarns.
Selma Manufacturing Co., Selma (J. F. Ames, Prop.); 13,500 ring, 142 twister sp .; 50 cards; 328 broad looms; 5 boilers; osna- burgs & drills.
Shawmut Mill, Shawmut (owned by West Point Mfg. Co., West Point, Ga.); 30,000 ring sp .; 300 looms; duck.
Southern Mills Corporation, Oxford; inc. 1911; cap. $200,000; 5,000 ring, 300 twister sp .; 25 cotton, 2 sets wool cards; 175 braid- ers; 1 garnet; 2 boilers; mops, mop yarn, sash cord, cotton cordage; cable cords, wick- ing, clothes line, weaving & knitting yarn.
Stevenson Cotton Mills, Stevenson; inc. 1901; cap. $50,000; 3,120 ring, 960 twister sp .; 13 cards; 1 boiler; 8 to 12 single weav- ing, 8-4 ply carpet yarns.
Sycamore Mills, Sycamore; cap. $300,000; 15,000 ring sp .; 44 cards; 3 boilers; 16 to 24 hosiery & undyed yarns.
Talladega Cordage Co., Talladega (Plant- ers Chemical & Oil Co., Props.); 2,020 sp .; 4 cards; 3 boilers; cotton & jute cordage.
Talladega Cotton Factory, Talladega; inc. 1893; cap. $40,800; 5,000 ring sp .; 24 cards; 3 boilers; 10 to 18 hosiery yarns on cones.
Tallassee Falls Manufacturing Co., Tallas- see; inc. as Tallassee Mfg. Co. No. 1, Jan. 29, 1852; cap. $500,000; 69,612 ring, 5,000 twister sp .; 235 cards; 1,332 looms; 4 boil- ers; 3 water wheels, electric power; osna- burgs, sheeting, shirting, duck, press cloth, cordage, twine.
Tuscaloosa Mills, Cottondale; inc. 1898; cap. $150,000; 16,000 ring sp .; 40 cards; 7 boilers; dye & finish; 8 to 16 hosiery yarns.
Union Springs Cotton Mills Co., Union Springs; inc. 1890; cap. $45,800; 3,300 ring, 3,000 mule sp .;. 2 boilers; weaving yarns in cops & skeins.
Wehadkee Yarn Mill, Rock Mills; inc. 1906; 3,680 ring, 1,200 twister sp .; 14 cards; 2 boilers; 2 water wheels; coarse yarns, tubes, & skeins, rope & twine.
West Huntsville Cotton Mills Co., Hunts- ville; inc. 1893; cap. $50,000; 6,200 sp .; 26
415
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
cards; 2 boilers; weaving, knitting, & carpet yarns.
West Point Manufacturing Co., Langdale; inc. 1887; cap. $1,500,000; 60,000 ring, 12,- 000 twister sp .; 257 cards; 500 broad, 250 narrow looms: 5 boilers; 10 water wheels; electric power; duck.
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