History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 49

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756

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County Care .- The care of the indigent poor of counties, including children, is com- mitted to the supervision of courts of county commissioners. Poorhouses are authorized, for which suprintendents are provided. Nurses and physicians may also be employed or appointed as needed. The conditions of living at poorhouses are usually little con- ducive to the moral well-being of children. To relieve these conditions as far as possible, general supervision is confided to the inspec- tor of prisons, almshouses and jails. The Alabama Children's Aid Society and other welfare agencies, as well as sympathetic individuals, have cooperated, where possible, in taking children from the poorhouses, and of providing them with suitable homes. An effort has also been made to confer upon courts of county commissioners the authority, not only to support children in homes other than the poorhouses, but also to make similar provisions for adult poor.

Institutions .- Agencies are either public or private. The public institutions in Alabama are the Alabama Insane Hospitals, Alabama Schools for the Deaf and Blind, including negroes, Alabama Boys' Industrial School, Mercy Industrial Home for White Girls, State Training Schools for Girls, and the Mt. Meigs Alabama Reform School for Juvenile Negro Law-breakers. There is no institution of this character for delinquent negro girls. The foregoing are all under state support, are well officered and administered, and enjoy in full measure the public confidence.

Private institutions engaged in welfare work are churches and fraternal orders, both groups of which conduct orphanages or homes, particulars of which are set forth hereinafter. Other agencies interested in all forms of child welfare, all of which are valuable coadjutors in the work of state and private institutions are the Alabama Federation of Women's Clubs, the Alabama Branch of the Mothers' Congress, and the Alabama Child Labor Com- mittee. The various posts of the Salvation Army and of the Volunteers of America, have the care of children as a part of their activi- ties. Some of the local churches maintain day nurseries.

In May, 1916, there was a state-wide conference in the city of Montgomery, having as its purpose the consideration of all subjects which might be brought forward bearing upon

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

child welfare. This meeting was attended by Miss Julia Lathrop, of the Children's Federal Bureau, and it at the same time brought together the leading workers among the men and women, throughout the State.

General reference should also be made to the work of Sunday Schools as constructive and helpful agencies in behalf of all forms of child welfare. While primarily for train- ing in the development of the spiritual life, and the study of the Bible, they stimulate among children the spirit of missions, they encourage charities, they teach the lessons of sympathy, kindliness and love. Children's Day is observed in many schools with elabo- rate programs.

The several humane societies, organized throughout the State, while operating under the statutes for the prevention of cruelty to animals, have usually also directed their efforts toward the protection of children.

Alabama Children's Aid Society .- In 1915 the Alabama Children's Home Society was organized and incorporated, with head- quarters in Montgomery. It was organized for the protection of homeless, orphan and needy children, and its work was carried for- ward by voluntary donations. Although active for a brief period, for want of adequate support it was discontinued. The Alabama Children's Aid Society at Birmingham may in a sense be said to be the successor of the Montgomery organization. It was the out- come of several conferences, following the statewide welfare conference, held at Mont- gomery in 1916. It was organized October 29, 1917, and chartered November 28, 1917. It has a large group of officers, directors, trustees and members, all of whom, with the exception of the state superintendent, give largely of their time, advice and counsel wholly without salary or remuneration. It is a statewide interdenominational charity for children, carefully planned, broadly projected and with an all-embracing ideal. In the declaration of incorporation its purposes are thus stated:

"To conserve the needy childhood of Ala- bama, hy protecting children from cruelty, neglect and moral danger; by providing for any destitute child that may come under its control; and especially by placing homeless and orphaned children in normal homes. To better child conditions in Alabama by assist- ing every community in her local child caring work; by cooperating with every approved children's agency of our state; by maintain- ing a central clearing house for children's affairs; and generally by such a program of education and kindred work as will raise the standard of child welfare in Alabama."

Orphanages or Homes .- Local churches or parishes were the first to care for orphans or dependent children. The results of their efforts led to the larger conception of organ- ized efforts in the same direction on the part of state denominational bodies, until now practically all conduct orphanages or homes as parts of their activities. Lodges of the fraternal orders, notably the Masons and the Odd Fellows, were also active in meeting the

needs of the orphan children of their mem- bers, although only in the last decade have their grand bodies taken over the work. The first organization of which record is now available was the Protestant Orphan Asylum of Mobile, founded in 1836. In 1838 the In- dustrial School for Catholic Boys and the St. Mary's Female Orphan Asylum were planted, to be followed in 1847 by St. Mary's Industrial School and Orphanage, all under Roman Catholic societies. The Protestant Churches organized their state-wide activities as fol- lows: Protestant Episcopal, 1864; Presbyte- rian, 1868; Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 1881; and Baptist, 1891.

The following is a brief record of all exist- ing orphanages or homes, with pertinent details concerning each, namely:

Birmingham. Mercy Home, 2130 Eleventh St. Founded, 1892; supervised or conducted by the Woman's Christian Union; for "aged women and orphans;" value of property, 1910: land, buildings, and equipment, $25,- 000; invested funds, $2,000; total, $27,000.

Birmingham. Mercy Home Industrial School of Girls, Woodlawn. Founded, 1910; established by The Mercy Home organization, and given State support by legislative act of April 15, 1911; for "care of dependent girls of good character;" value of property not ascertained.

Birmingham. Salvation Army Rescue Home, Thirty-third St. and Avenue E. Found- ed, 1905; supervised or conducted by the Salvation Army; for "fallen women and their infants;" no value of property ascertained.

Cullman. Alabama Odd Fellows' Home, R. F. D. 5. Founded, 1909; supervised or conducted by the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; for "Odd Fellows, their widows and orphans;" value of property, 1910: land, building, equipment, $100,000; total, $100,- 000.

East Lake. East Lake Orphans' Home. Founded, 1903; supervised or conducted by the Sisters of Charity; for the care of home- less orphans; both sexes admitted; no value of property ascertained.

Evergreen. Louise Short Baptist Home. Founded, 1891; supervised or conducted by private corporation-Baptist Church of Alabama; for "dependent children from 2 to 14," both sexes admitted; value of property, 1910: lands, buildings, equipment, $30,000; invested funds, $10,000; total, $40,000.

Mobile. Church Home for Orphans, 204 So. Warran St. Founded, 1864; supervised or conducted by the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Alabama; for "orphan and destitute chil- dren;" both sexes admitted; value of prop- erty, 1910: land, buildings, equipment, $10,250; invested funds, $42,500; total, $52,750.

Mobile. Colored Old Folks and Orphans' Home, Springfield Ave. and Mobile St. Founded, 1904; supervised or conducted by the Colored Old Folks and Orphans' Home; for "homeless aged persons, delinquent children, and orphans;" value of property, 1910: lands, buildings, equipment, $11,000; total $11,000.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Mobile. Industrial School for Catholic Orphan Boys, 3 Lafayette St. Founded, 1838; supervised or conducted by Brothers of the Sacred Heart; for "orphan boys;" value of property, 1910: lands, buildings, equipment, $75,000; total, $75,000.

Mobile. Protestant Orphan Asylum, 859 Dauphin Way. Founded, 1836; supervised or conducted by private corporation-Protestant Orphan Asylum Society; for "indigent orphan children;" both sexes admitted; value of property, 1910: lands, buildings, equipment, $16,000; invested funds, $10,000; total, $26,000.

Mobile. St. Mary's Female Orphan Asylum, 357 Conti St. Founded, 1838; supervised or conducted by Sisters of Charity; for "orphan and neglected girls;" value of property, 1910: lands, buildings, equipment, $12,000; total, $12,000.

Mobile. St. Mary's Industrial School and Orphanage. Founded, 1847; supervised or conducted by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart; for the care and training of orphan boys; no value of property ascertained.

Montgomery. West End Neighborhood Home. Founded, 1899; supervised or con- ducted by St. John's Episcopal Church; for the instruction and care of the young children of working women; both sexes admitted; no value of property ascertained.

Montgomery. Masonic Home. Opened 1912; conducted by the Grand Lodge, A. F. & A. M .; for "indigent master masons in good standing, and widows and orphans of deceased master masons;" both sexes admitted; esti- mated value of property, $126,007.29.

Selma. Alabama Methodist Orphanage.

Founded, 1881; formerly at Summerfield, Alabama; supervised or conducted by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South; for "needy children;" both sexes admitted; valuc of property, 1910: land, buildings, equipment, $27,000; invested funds, $36,750; total, $63,750.

Talladega. Presbyterian Orphans' Home. Founded 1868; supervised or conducted by the Presbyterian Synod of Alabama; for "orphan children;" both sexes admitted; value of property, 1910: land, buildings, equipment. $53,000; total. $53,000.

See Child Labor Regulation; Deaf, Alabama Schools for; Health, State Board of; In- dustrial School, Alabama; Insane Hospitals; Juvenile Courts; Mothers' Congress, Alabama Branch; Negro Reformatory; Quarantine; Schools; Training School for Girls, State; Women's Clubs;

REFERENCES .- Constitution, 1901, secs. 104, 256; Code, 3807, 3808, 4503, 4505, 5253, 6211, 6212, 6215, 6364, 6466, 6989, 6992, 7354; General Acts, 1915, pp. 193, 560, 577; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915, pp. 264-270; Ala- bama Federation of Women's Clubs, Year Books ; Lee v. Lee, 55 Ala., p. 590.

CHILD WELFARE DEPARTMENT. A State department, created by the legislature of 1919, located in the State capitol, "to de- vise the plans and means for and have general oversight over the welfare work for minor

children in the State." See General Acts of April, pp. 694-698.

CHILDERSBURG. Post office, incorpo- rated town, and station at junction of Central of Georgia Railroad and the Southern Rail- way, in the western edge of Talladega County, 19 miles southwest of Talladega, and 1 mile from the Coosa River. Altitude: 412 feet. Population: 1880-Childersburg Beat- 1,243; 1888, town proper-600; 1890-777; 1900-372; 1910-449. The town is on the public road between Calera and Talladega. It was settled by John Childers, John Oden, John M. Keith, John Butts, John Roden and Tom Coleman, and was named in honor of the Childers family. Rev. John Roden was the first preacher.

It has one bank, the First National, and its industries are sawmills, shingle mills, cotton ginneries, and coal and iron mines.

REFERENCES .- Northern Alabama (1888), p. 167; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 263; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.

CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY, ALABAMA. See Child Welfare Activities.

CHILTON COLLEGE. A former institu- tion for the education of girls and young women, established in Montgomery, 1866, by Mrs. Lavinia (Bradford) Chilton. It was at first located on Felder Avenue on the present site of the residence of Hon. S. Hubert Dent, jr. In 1872 she purchased the building formerly occupied by Cox College, corner oť Sayre and Mildred Streets, to which the school was removed. After 10 years success- ful work, Mrs. Chilton's health failed, and in August. 1882, she sold the property to the City of Montgomery and closed the institu- tion. It was turned over to the city school board which opened it as the Sayre Street Grammar School in the fall of that year, as a part of the municipal school system. The old building had been marked by a marble slab inscribed "Chilton College." To com- memorate its existence and also the edu- cational work of Mrs. Chilton, in 1909 this slab was formally placed on the base, and near the northeast corner of the present Sayre Street School building, with impressive exer- cises, by the Peter Forney Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. As a part of the commemorative exercises the name was changed from Sayre Street School to Chilton School.

REFERENCES,-Manuscript data in the Alabama Department of Archives and History.

CHILTON COUNTY. Created by the legis- lature, December 30, 1868. Its territory was taken from Autauga, Bibb, Perry and Shelby Counties. Its area is 729 square miles or 466,560 acres.

When first established it was given the name Baker, for Alfred Baker, a citizen of the Autauga section of the county. On December 17, 1871, it was changed to the present name, in honor of Judge William Parrish Chilton, chief justice of the supreme

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court, and later a member of the provisional and regular Congress of the Confederacy from the Montgomery District.

The act of establishment named Reuben Powell, Anderson Baker, William Vines, E. Ward and John Pernell as commissioners to hold an election to locate a county seat. No date is named, but they were required to advertise the election at least 20 days. The commissioners were authorized and required to contract for the building of a suitable court house and jail, and a county tax was authorized to be levied by the county commis- sioners to pay therefor. The governor was required to appoint all officers.

At the election held as required, a point on the Louisville and Nashville R. R. was chosen to which the name Clanton was given in honor of Brig. Gen. James Holt Clanton, prominent in the political life of the state.

The first officers were Mordecai Robertson, probate judge, and Thomas H. Williams, sheriff, both commissioned in 1869.

Location and Physical Description .- It lies about the geographical centre of the state. Its shape is somewhat irregular, about 31 miles wide at the base, 16 miles wide at the north, with 28 miles length between these two lines. It is bounded on the north by Shelby, east by Coosa and Elmore, south by Autauga, Dallas and Elmore, and west by Bibb and Perry counties. The Coosa River divides it from the county of that name on the east. The county has an average elevation of about 500 feet. Ahout 612 miles north of Clanton there is an elevation of 835 feet, locally known as Jemison Mountain, and ahout 4 miles west of Stanton in the southwestern part of the county is another known as Perry Mountain, 650 feet in height. Its surface varies from the gently rolling of the Coastal Plain portion to the hilly and broken of the Piedmont section. The Piedmont section begins ahout a mile east of where the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad crosses the north county line and extends to the Coosa River on the east, about 6 miles in width. West of the Piedmont is a strip which includes lime- stone and shale soils. The southern and western portion of the county lies wholly in the Coastal Plain, and has a gentle rolling to rolling topography. The drainage of the up- lands is in many respects excessive, eroding the steeper slopes of the Piedmont. The

Coosa River lylng along its eastern boundary, and its tributaries-the Waxahatchee, But- ahatchee, Page, Walnut, Chestnut and Moun- tain Creeks-drain that section of the county. Big and Little Mulberry, Swift, Oakmulgee and Little Oakmulgee drain the other parts of the county, and flow into the Alabama River. The soils of the county represent 21 types, divided into 4 general divisions-the Piedmont, Coastal Plain, the limestone soils and the alluvial soils. General agriculture crops, fruit and live stock are profitably grown. Some of the bottom lands are very productive. The uplands respond to fertiliza- tion and are productive. Fruit and trucking, including strawberries, peaches, watermelons and canteloupes are profitably carried on.

The county is noted for its fine timbers. For the first 75 years of the county history, lumbering was the principal occupation of its inhabitants. Small . bodies of longleaf and shortleaf pines, and the hard woods, including chestnut, walnut, oak and hickory are to be found in the county. The climate favors a wide range of crops. The mean temperature for the 16 years from 1893 to 1908 was 63.2º F. For the same period the maximum was 102° F. and the minimum 9º F. The mean annual rainfall was 47.18 inches, fairly well distributed. Details of the character and extent of production are noted in the statistics below.

Aboriginal History .- The county lay with- in the domain of the Upper Creeks. Ou De Crenay's map of 1734, the town of Pacana- taché, correctly spelled Pakana Talahassi, is placed on the west side of Coosa River and apparently on the south side of Walnut Creek, nearly opposite the mouth' of Pakana Tala- hassi Creek in Coosa County. In latter times, the town moved across the river and settled on that creek, spelled Puc-cun-tal-lau-has-see, by Col. Benjamin Hawkins. Chipped imple- ments and other evidences of aboriginal resi- dence are to be found in some sections of the county. Along Mulberry Creek and the larger streams are a few unidentified village sites. In sec. 16 T. 21. N., R. 16 E., near the Old Repito "Gold mine" at Varna, are several mounds. One and a half miles southwest of Thorsby, near Little Mulberry Creek is a large mound. Stone heaps are found in T. 23 N., R 14 E., three and a half miles northeast of Jemison station on the Louisville & Nash- ville R. R.

Farm, Livestock and Crop Statistics, 1917. -The statistics below are given for illustra- tive purposes, and, in tabular form, without any attempt at comparison or analysis. They were gathered under the direction of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Number of all farms, 2,240.

Acres cultivated, 113.470.

Acres in pasture, 38,550.

Farm Animals:

Horses and mules, 4,790.

Milk cows, 4,780.

Other cattle, 6,700.

Brood Sows. 2,210.

Other hogs, 8,900.

Sheep, 1,230.

SELECTED CROPS ( ACRES AND QUANTITY)

Corn, 53,020 acres; 742,000 bushels.

Cotton, 10,930 acres; 3,700 bales.

Peanuts, 4,090 acres; 28,500 bushels.

Velvet Beans, 7,900 acres; 36,530 tons. Hay, 8,280 acres; 6,630 tons.

Syrup cane, 1,680 acres; 260,670 gallons.

Cowpeas, 12,820 acres; 38,540 bushels.

Sweet potatoes, 1,470 acres; 120,800 bushels.

Irish potatoes, 190 acres; 5,029 bushels.

Oats, 5,370 acres; 36,500 bushels.

Wheat, 5,260 acres; 37,200 bushels.

Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to July 1, 1917, from U. S. Official Postal Guide.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Clanton (ch)

Pletcher

Cooper

Riderville

Jemison

Stanton

Maplesville

Thorsby

Mountain Creek

Verbena

Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lication of the U. S. Bureau of the Census.

White.

Negro.

Total.

1870

5057

1137

6194

1880.

8651

2142

10793

1890.

11483

3066

14549

1900

13258

3264

16522

1910

18428

4759

23187

Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .- 1875-William A. Smith.

1901-L. H. Reynolds.

Senators .-

1876-7-W. L. Johnson.

1878-9-W. L. Johnson.

1880-1-W. P. Oden.

1882-3-W. P. Oden.

1884-5-Jefferson Falkner.

1886-7-Jefferson Falkner.

1888-9-J. H. Parker.

1890-1-John H. Parker.

1892-3-A. T. Goodwin.

1894-5-A. T. Goodwin.

1896-7-G. B. Deans (of Shelby.)

1898-9-G. B. Deans.

1899 (Spec.)-G. B. Deans.

1900-01-W. R. Oliver.

1903-Walter Robert Oliver. 1907-H. S. Doster.

1907 (Spec.)-H. S. Doster.

1909 (Spec.)-H. S. Doster.

1911-T. A. Curry.

1915-W. W. Wallace.

1919-J. C. Harper.

Representatives .-

1878-9-J. W. Foshee.

1880-1-Wm. A. Collier.

1882-3-J. S. Edwards.

1884-5-K. Wells.

1886-7-W. E. Johnson.

1888-9-J. M. Dykes.

1890-1-G. A. Northington.

1892-3-O. M. Maston.

1894-5-O. M. Maston.

1896-7-Lewis H. Reynolds.

1898-9-Lewis H. Reynolds.

1899 (Spec.)-Lewis H. Reynolds.

1900-01-Louis B. Pounds.

1903-Lewis H. Reynolds. 1907-J. O. Middleton.

1907 (Spec.)-J. O. Middleton.

1909 (Spec.)-J. O. Middleton.

1911-W. L. Popwell.

1915-W. E. Thomas.

1919-W. A. Reynolds.

See Clanton; Confederate Monuments; Con- federate Soldiers Home; Coosa River; Graphite; Jennison; Mountain Creek; Pakana Tallahassee; Soils and Soil Surveys; Thorsby; Verbena; Water Power.

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1868, p. 488; 1870-71, pp. 75, 77; 1874-75, p. 178; Brewer, Alabama, p. -; Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 276; Riley,

Alabama as it is (1893), p. 117; Northern Ala- bama (1888), p. 125; Alabama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 87; U. S. Soil Survey (1913), with map; Alabama land book (1916), p. 49; Ala. Official and Statistical Regis- ter, 1903-1915, 5 vols .; Ala. Anthropological Society, Handbook (1910) ; Geol. Survey of Ala., Agricultural features of the State (1883) ; The Valley regions of Alabama, parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Underground Water resources of Alabama (1907).

CHINA CLAYS. See Clays, Kaolins and Shales.

CHINABEE COTTON MILLS, Talladega. See Cotton Manufacturing.

CHINAKBI. A point on the north bank of the Alabama River, probably about a mile below the influx of Soapstone Creek on the opposite side of the stream. It is written Chounoucbe on De Crenay's map. In Choctaw the word chinakbi means "crook," or "a bend," and was doubtless given to this bend of the river, or to a bending bluff on its north side.

REFERENCE .- Hamilton, Colonial Mobile (1910), p. 196.

CHINNABY'S FORT. An old Creek Indian defense in Calhoun County. There is a difference of opinion as to its exact location. Drake states that in 1813 a friendly Creek chief named Chinnaby had a kind of fort at Ten Islands on the Coosa River, and to which his name was given. The map accompanying the Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, however, places it at a point on the north side of Choccolocco Creek, and near the influx of the Wolfskull Creek.

REFERENCES. Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 395; Drake, Book of Indians (1848), p. 55; Bureau of American Ethnology, Eighteenth Annual Report (1899); pt. 2, map 1; Handbook of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 272.

CHISKA TALOFA. A Lower Creek town in Henry County, on the west side of the Chattahoochee River. It was first mentioned in the trade regulations of 1761, as having 30 hunters, and was assigned to Macartan and Campbell, Indian traders. Hawkins states that Chiska Talofa Hatche was the name given to Savannah River by the Indians. The word tchiska means "base of a tree." It is classed by Morse as a Seminole village, and is spelled Cheskitalo-was. It was inhabited by 580 Seminoles in 1820. It was situated 4 miles below Wikai 'liko village. * Gatchet suggested that it may be the Chisca, or Chisi provincia, visited by De Soto in 1540. This conjecture is not in the least probable, since De Soto was never on the lower Chattahoochee. In the Indian treaty of August 9, 1814, it is signed by Nocoosee Emautla, of Chuskee Tallafau.

REFERENCES .- Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 395; Geor- gia, Colonial Records of Georgia (1907), vol. 8,

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

p. 522; Morse, Report of Secretary of War (1822), p. 364; Drake, Book of Indians (1848), pp. vii, xii.

CHOCCOLOCCO CREEK. One of the larger tributaries of the Coosa River (q. v.). It rises in the northeastern corner of Cal- houn County and flows southwestwardly to Jenifer, thence westwardly to its confluence with the Coosa, near the southwest corner of the county. The length of the stream has not been determined. Its low-water width varies from 100 to 250 feet, and its depth from a few feet on shoals to 10 or 15 feet in pools. Its minimum discharge in 1908 was 109 cubic feet per second; its maximum, 5,270 cubic feet. It is not classed as a navi- gable stream, and no improvements by the U. S. Government have been undertaken. The Choccolocco lies wholly within the great Coosa Valley (q. v.), and the topographical and geological features of its drainage area are practically the same as those of the Coosa Valley.

See Choccolocco Valley.

REFERENCE .- Manuscript data in the Ala- bama State Department of Archives and His- tory.

CHOCCOLOCCO VALLEY. valley of small area lying between the Jacksonville or Choccolocco Mountains on the northwest and the hilly country of the Talladega slates on the southeast, in Talladega County. It is bounded on the northwest by the Terrapin or Ladiga Mountains, and is nearly 30 miles long and about 5 miles wide at its broadest part, making its area approximately 75 square miles. The soils of the valley are fertile, and almost its whole area is in cultivation. In the northeastern end, where its surface is somewhat rugged, there are still virgin forests of pine and hardwood. In the upper strata of some of these timbered knolls and ridges, there are valuable limonite banks. After the Indian land cessions, it was rapidly settled by a fine body of immigrants. They were largely from North Carolina and South Carolina.

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History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 49

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 756

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756