USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 47
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and while the soil is of fair productive ca- pacity, it is poorly drained. The character- istic timbers are the different varieties of oak, hickory, chestnut, and some short and long leaf pine. At Maple Grove the weather sta- tistics show for 1917, a mean annual temper- ature of 59ยบ F .; and a precipitation of 56.64 inches. Details of the character and extent of productions are noted in the statistics be- low.
Aboriginal History .- The county from the earliest aboriginal period seems to have been the home of the Cherokees. Evidences of In- dian life are found all along the Coosa River. The caves or rock houses on Little River must be ascribed to them. The Cherokees were known to other branches of the Iroquois as "people of the cave country," and the meaning of the tribal name carries the same suggestion. The territory was first visited by De Soto in June, 1540, when he entered the town of Chiaha (q. v.), now supposed to have been situated on McCoy's Island, near Cedar Bluff. The Indian burial places below the bluff, reported in later years, are doubtless referable to that town. The De Soto chron- iclers assert that they passed through many towns, and traces of them are yet seen. Turkey Town, named for a noted chief "The Turkey," is the only modern Cher- okee town known to have existed in the county. It was founded about 1770 and was situated in the bend of Coosa River opposite Center. It was an important place and there, under the leadership of "The Turkey," orig- inated many inroads into Tennessee and Ken- tucky. A Cherokee, of a type totally differ- ent from the cruel leader just named was Rev. Thomas J. Meigs, a Cherokee Methodist minister, who, at a later day, lived in the county, and who labored long and faithfully for the permanent interests of his people. The white settlers on coming into the county in 1836 found many of the Cherokees profes- sors of the Christian religion. The Cherokees migrated west in 1838.
Settlement and Later History .- The first settlers found their way into the county in 1835, before the Cherokee title was extin- guished. In the fall of that year the Rev. Whitfield Anthony with his family came with a party from South Carolina, and settled on the south side of Coosa River, three miles to the west of the mouth of Mud Creek. Others of the party settled at convenient places south of the river. This South Carolina party was composed of forty persons. The names of some of the early settlers of the county were Ambrose Vandever, Hezekiah Day, Thomas Miller, Wm. Cozart, Mrs. McCoy, Absalom Reagan, Mr. McWright, John Lay, Col. John Cothran, Maj. Sam Martin and Rev. John Holmes. The settlers had to endure the usual privations incident to frontier life. Owing to the lack of mills they were forced to carry their corn to Georgia to be ground.
The relations of the settlers with the Cher- okees in the country were very friendly. Many of the Indians were professors of Chris- tianity, and all were more or less under mis- sionary influence. But early in 1836 the feel-
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
ing of security was somewhat marred by the incoming of several hundred Creeks, who settled in an abandoned Cherokee village on South Spring Creek, about three miles distant from the residence of Rev. Mr. Anthony. These Creeks claimed that they had left their nation because they did not wish to become involved in the hostility toward the whites then prevailing among a large portion of their people. The settlers and the Creeks for some apprehensions arose that the Creeks were meditating war.
The whites at once gathered a force and time were on a friendly footing. But finally drove them out of their town, but not out of the country, Not long afterwards, Gen. Nel- son gathered these scattered Creeks, took them across Coosa River at Cothran's Ferry, and thence moved them to their new homes in the west. Gen. Nelson is said to have acted tyrannically towards these unfortunate In- dians in their removal, and in crossing Coosa River to have tacitly permitted low disrepu- table white men to inflict petty outrages upon them.
With the advent of Methodist, Baptist and Cumberland Presbyterian ministers, church houses were built, churches organized, and soon the morals of the country were im- proved, deer hunting on Sunday and other irregularities coming to an end. The Rev. Mr. Anthony was greatly instrumental in bringing about these changes. In 1836 a camp ground was established near Gayles- ville, called Sulphur Springs, where religious meetings were held. 'The Cherokees in large numbers attended these meetings. The first school in the county was taught by William Kincade, and the second, by Elias Spann.
Confederate Commands from County .- The commands listed below were made up in whole or in part from this county.
Infantry.
Co. C, "Cherokee Greys," 7th Regt.
Co. D, "Curry Guards," 19th Regt.
Co. E, "Cherokee Guards," 19th Regt.
Co. F, "Davis Guards," 19th Regt.
Co. G, "Cherokee Mountaineers," 19th Regt. Co. H, "Cherokees," 19th Regt.
Co. I, "Cherokee Rangers," 19th Regt.
Co. D, "Cherokee Beauregards," 22d Regt. Co. A, 31st Regt.
Co. B, "Ralls Rifles," 31st Regt. (Sometime called Co. C.).
Co. E, 47th Regt.
Co. G, "Elisha King Guards," 48th Regt.
Co. H, "Cherokee Greys," 48th Regt. (For- merly Co. C, 7th Regt., supra).
Co. B, "Cherokee Davis Guards," 55th Regt. Co. K, 55th Regt. (Formerly Co. D, Snod- grass' 16th Inf. Battn.).
Cavalry.
Co. B, "Russell's 4th Regt." (Formerly Co. E, Forrest's Tenn. Cav. Regt.).
Co. G, 12th Regt. (Formerly Co. G, 12th Cav. Battn., which Co. appears to have been a remnant of Co. E, 1st Cav. Regt.).
Farm, Livestock and Crop Statistics, 1917. -The statistics below are given for illustra-
tive purposes, and, in tabular form, without any attempt at comparison or analysis. They were gathered under the direction of the, Bureau of Crop Estimates, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Number of all farms, 1,330. Acres cultivated, 100,850.
Acres in pasture, 40,540.
Farm Animals,
Horses and mules, 4,700.
Milk cows, 2,930.
Other cattle, 3,210.
Brood sows, 1,060.
Other hogs, 4,830. .
Sheep, 580.
SELECTED CROPS (ACRES AND QUANTITY)
Corn: 43,970 acres; 702,370 bushels.
Cotton: 34,510 acres; 13,880 bales.
Peanuts: 260 acres; 7,380 bushels.
Velvet Beans: 660 acres; 2,420 tons.
Hay: 5,110 acres; 6,560 tons.
Syrup Cane: 1,670 acres; 104,570 gallons.
Cowpeas: 4,950 acres; 36,300 bushels.
Sweet Potatoes: 1,780 acres; 61,380 bush- els. Irish Potatoes: 220 acres; 14,150 bushels. Oats: 1,820 acres; 6,930 bushels.
Wheat: 1,520 acres; 5,700 bushels.
Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to July
1, 1917, U. S. Official Postal Guide. Blanche Leesburg
Bluepond Loop
Bluffton Mackey
Cedar Bluff
Pleasant Gap
Center (ch)
Rock Run
Farill
Rock Run Station
Forney
Round Mountain
Gaylesville
Slackland
Howels Crossroads
Spring Garden
Jamestown
Taff
Key
Tecumseh
Lawrence
Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lications of the U. S. Bureau of the Census.
White.
Negro.
Total.
1840.
7,652
1.121
8,773
1850.
12,170
1,714
13,884
1860 ..
15,321
3,039
18,360
1870. .
9,652
1,480
11,132
1880.
16,418
2,690
19,108
1890.
17,656
2,803
20,459
1900.
18,080
3,016
21,096
1910.
17,617
2,606
20,226
Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .- 1861-Henry C. Sanford, William L. Whit- lock, John Potter, John P. Ralls.
1865-Thomas B. Cooper, John Lawrence, Henry C. Sanford, John Porter.
1867-George J. Dykes.
1875-W. N. Swann.
1901-H. W. Cardon.
Senators .-
1839-40-Solomon C. Smith.
1841-2-Arthur Foster.
1844-5-Solomon C. Smith.
1847-8-William H. Garrett.
1849-50-William H. Garrett.
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
1843-4-J. M. Hendrix.
1855-6-Benjamin C. Yancey.
1857-8-Samuel K. McSpadden.
1861-2-F. M. Hardwick.
1865-6-A. L. Woodlief.
1868-H. C. Sanford.
1871-2-H. C. Sanford.
1872-3-Thos. B. Cooper.
1873-Thos. B. Cooper.
1874-5-T. B. Cooper.
1875-6-T. B. Cooper.
1876-7-J. L. Cunningham.
1878-9-J. L. Cunningham.
1880-1-J. L. Cunningham.
1882-3-S. K. McSpadden.
1884-5-S. K. McSpadden.
1886-7-John L. Burnett. 1888-9-J. L. Burnett.
1890-1-James F. Waddell.
1892-3-Thomas Tumlin.
1894-5-Thomas Tumlin.
1896-7-D. C. Case.
1898-9-D. C. Case.
1899 (Spec.)-D. C. Case.
1900-01-L. B. Stone.
1903-Lucius Bennett Stone.
1907-W. W. Barbour.
1907 (Spec.)-W. W. Barbour.
1909 (Spec.)-W. W. Barbour.
1911-J. A. Nance.
1915-W. H. Elrod.
1919-J. A. Nance.
Representatives .-
1837-8-George Clifton.
1838-9-George Clifton.
1839-40-George Clifton; Samuel D. J. Moore.
1840-1-John H. Garrett; W. H. Hale.
1841. (called)-John H. Garrett; W. H. Hale.
1841-2-John H. Garrett; William Hens- lee.
1842-3-Thomas B. Cooper; J. H. Hendrix. 1843-4-William H. Garrett; J. M. Hen- drix.
1844-5-William H. Garrett; Thomas B. Cooper. /
1845-6-William H. Garrett; F. M. Hard- wick.
1847-8-William W. Little; F. M. Hard- wick. 1849-50-Thomas B. Cooper; F. M. Hard- wick.
1851-2-Thomas B. Cooper; John S. Mo- ragne.
1853-4-James M. Clifton; G. W. Law- rence; Henry C. Sandford.
1855-6-E. G. Bradley; Samuel C. Ward; Henry C. Sanford.
1857-8-Thomas Espy; L. M. Stiff; A. G. Bennett; W. R. Richardson.
1859-60 -- Thomas B. Cooper; James M. Clifton; F. M. Hardwick; Dozier Thornton.
1861 (1st called)-Thomas B. Cooper; James M. Clifton; F. M. Hardwick; Dozier Thornton.
1861 (2d called)-William W. Little; A. Snodgrass; A. R. Brindley; John D. Miller.
1861-2-William W. Little; A. Snodgrass; A. R. Brindley; John D. Miller.
1862 (called)-William W. Little; A. Snodgrass; A. R. Brindley; John D. Miller.
1862-3-William W. Little; A. Snodgrass; A. R. Brindley; John D. Miller.
1863 (called)-Thomas B. Cooper; John Brandon; W. A. Vincent; G. W. Howell.
1863-4-Thomas B. Cooper; John Bran- don; W. A. Vincent; G. W. Howell.
1864 (called)-Thomas B. Cooper; John Brandon; W. A. Vincent; G. W. Howell.
1864-5-Thomas B. Cooper; John Bran- don; W. A. Vincent; G. W. Howell.
1865-6-Thomas B. Cooper; J. W. Bran-
don; John Potter; John Lawrence.
1866-7-Thomas B. Cooper; J. W. Bran- don; John Potter; John Lawrence. 1868-Jas. A. Reeves.
1869-70-Jas. A. Reeves.
1870-1-James H. Leath.
1871-2-J. H. Leath.
1872-3-G. W. Lawrence.
1873-G. W. Lawrence.
1874-5-W. T. Bell.
1875-6-W. T. Bell.
1876-7-W. P. White.
1878-9-John Lawrence.
1880-1-D. H. Shields.
1882-3-J. N. Swan.
1884-5-J. L. Burnett.
1886-7-Hugh W. Cardon.
1888-9-Charles Rattray.
1890-1-M. A. Cornelius.
1892-3-P. T. Ewing.
1894-5-R. T. Ewing.
1896-7-A. Shamblin.
1898-9-A. M. Cornelius.
1899 (Spec.)-A. M. Cornelius.
1900-01-Thomas Blair.
1903-William Siglin.
1907-Charles Rattray.
1907 (Spec.)-Charles Rattray.
1909 (Spec.)-Charles Rattray.
1911 -- Wm. H. Lumpkin.
1915-William Siglin.
1919-John W. Mitchell.
See Appalachian Valley Region; Broom- town Valley; Center; Chattanooga River and Valley; Cherokee Indians; Chiaha; Coosa River; Coosa Valley; Dirt Seller Mountain; Etowah County; Gaylesville; Round Moun- tain; Soils and Soil Surveys; Turkey Town.
REFERENCES .- Acts, 1835-36, p. 170; 1837, p. 18; 1843-44, p. 160; 1845-46, p. 165; 1847-48, p. 337; Brewer, Alabama, p. 165; Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 275; Riley, Alabama as it is (1893), p. 95; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 128; Ala- bama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 85; Alabama land book (1916), p. 48; Ala. Official and Statistical Register, 1903-1915, 5 vols .; Ala. Anthropological Society, Handbook (1910); Geol. Survey of Ala., Agricultural fea- tures of the State (1883) ; The Valley regions of Alabama, parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Under- ground Water resources of Alabama (1907); Handbook of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 245; Rev. J. D. Anthony, "Reminiscences," in Gadsden Times, 1875.
CHEROKEE ROSE. See Flowers and Floriculture.
239
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
CHERRIES. See Fruits.
CHERRY COTTON MILLS, Florence. See Cotton Manufacturing.
CHERT. See Road and Ballast Materials.
CHI ZETA CHI. Medical college fra- ternity; founded at the Medical Department of the University of Georgia, Augusta, Oct. 14, 1903; entered the Birmingham Medical Col- lege with Omega chapter in 1911; but in 1913 the charter was withdrawn; 15 initiates. Periodical: "The Medical Record." Colors: Purple and gold. Flower: White carna- tion.
REFERENCES .- Baird, Manual (1915), pp. 481- 482.
CHIAHA. (Ancient.) An aboriginal town, now thought to have been located on the present McCoy's Island in the Coosa River, near Cedar Bluff, in Cherokee County. It was visited by De Soto in June, 1540. It was the first town within the present confines of the state on his march through the Gulf Re- gion. The place was doubtless of some size, as a plentiful supply of food was found. It has not been identified with any town of his- toric times.
REFERENCES .- Narratives of De Soto (Trail- makers' series, 1904), vol. 1, pp. 77, 78, vol. 2, pp. 15, 107; D. M. Andrews "De Soto's route," American Anthropologist, 1917, vol. 19, pp. 55- 67; and manuscript data in Alabama Depart- ment of Archives and History.
CHIAHA. (Creek.) A Lower Creek town, in Russell County, on the western bank of the Chattahoochee River, just below Osotchi, and contiguous to it. A part of its inhabi- tants originally came from the Yamasi on the Georgia coast. In 1799 the Chiahas had spread out in villages, on the Flint River in Georgia, and all had fine stocks of horses, cattle and hogs, and they raised corn, rice and potatoes. Of these villages Hawkins names Amakalli, and Hotali-huyana. The name is a common one among the Creeks. The earliest reference to the name is in the De Soto narratives, 1540, but is is not be- lieved that it is the same as the one here referred to. The modern spelling is Chebaw. Among the Cherokees there was a town of the name, meaning to them "where otters live." In 1832 Schoolcraft lists an Upper Creek town of Chiaha, with 29 heads of fami- lies.
See preceding title.
REFERENCES .- Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 395; Hand- book of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 258; Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes (1855), vol. 5, pp. 256, 263.
CHIAHUDSHI. A Lower Creek town in Russell County, on the western bank of the Chattahoochie River in a pine forest about one mile and a half west of Hitchiti Town. It was planted by the Chiahas, and the word is the diminutive. meaning "Little Chiaha."
A trail crossed the Chattahoochee River at this point.
REFERENCES .- Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 395; Hand- book of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 358; Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes (1855), vol. 5, p. 263.
CHICHOUFKEE. An Indian village 4 French leagues from Fort Tolouse, and near Wiwoka.
REFERENCE .- Mississippi Provincial Archives (1911), vol. 1, p. 94.
CHICKAMAUGA, ALABAMA CONFEDER- ATE MONUMENT AT. Monument erected by and through the efforts of the Ladies Mem- orial Association of Alabama to commemorate the participation of Alabama troops in the battle of Chickamauga. On May 28, 1913, the monument was unveiled during the re- union of the United Confederate Veterans in Chattanooga. Appropriate exercises were held, and the monument was presented to the Government by Mrs. Towns Randolph Leigh, and accepted on behalf of the Government by Captain J. P. Smartt, of the Park Commis- sion.
In addition to the above, tablets erected embracing Alabama organizations are as fol- lows: Four Field Headquarter tablets; 11 Corps tablets; 34 Division tablets; 44 Bri- gade tablets; and 14 Battery tablets. A total of 107.
REFERENCES .- Programs of the Memorial and Dedicatory exercises, and letters in the files of the Alabama State Department of Archives and History.
CHICKASAW BOGUE. A small tributary of Mobile River (q. v.), between 25 and 30 miles in length, lying wholly in Mobile County. In its lower reaches, which are affected by the tide, the width of the stream ranges from 300 to 600 feet, and its depth from 10 to 25 feet, except at its mouth where a shoal exists. Above the Southern Railway bridge, about 4 miles from the mouth, the stream becomes very narrow and crooked, and is almost filled up in places with trees and sand bars. It rises in the northern part of Mobile County, flows southeastwardly and empties into Mobile River at the upper end of Mobile Harbor channel, about 3 miles above the city of Mobile.
The banks of the creek are low, flat and marshy, as is most of the country included in its drainage basin, about 225 square miles in extent. There is little or no timber of value in this area, nor is much of the land under cultivation.
The Chickasaw Bogue is navigable for a distance of 4 miles from its mouth for boats of considerable draft, but is used nearly alto- gether as a storage pool for rafts of lumber and timber, for the most part towed in from Mobile River to await vessels on which to be loaded. The Government made an examina- tion of this portion of the creek in 1909, but no improvements have been undertaken.
There are no water power resources on the Chickasaw Bogue.
240
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
REFERENCES .- U. S. Chief of Engineers, Re- ports on examination and survey of Chicka- saw Creek, 1910 (H. Doc. 712, 61st Cong., 2d sess.).
CHICKASAW CREEK. See Chickasaw Bogue.
CHICKASAW TOWN. A Chickasaw set- tlement or village, noted on Mitchell's map of 1755, and spelled "Chicachas," and located near and on the south side of the head waters of Talladega Creek, Talladega County. It is to be identified as the Tchikachas village noted in the French census of 1760, with 40 warriors, from which a total population of about 200 would be estimated.
See Cabusto; Chickasaw Indians.
REFERENCES .- Mississippi Provincial Archives (1911), vol. 1, p. 96; Mitchell, Amerique Sep- tentrionale (1756).
CHICKIANOSE. The Indian designation of a settlement at the modern Gulf Port in Sumter County, on the Tombigbee River. The word is Choctaw, that is, Sheki anusi, or anosi, meaning "Buzzards there sleep," that is, "Buzzard Roost." Bluff Port on La Tour- rette's map of Mississippi, is called Buzzard Roost Bluff, a translation of the Choctaw name for the locality.
REFERENCE .- Romans, Florida (1776), p. 325.
CHILD LABOR REGULATION. Legisla- tion governing the employment, age and hours of work of children. Such legislation is prompted by an enlightened public policy which secks to conserve, in vigor and strength, the child life of the land, not only by preventing employment in gainful occupa- tions during the period of maturity, but also by giving them the opportunity during that period for proper education and recreation. Such legislation dates originally from 1836, but general legislation for the relief of the hardships of little. children, through enforced labor unregulated, is comparatively recent. About 1900, under the leadership of Rev. Dr. Edgar Gardner Murphy, the Alabama Child Labor Committee was formed, the ob- jects of which were to secure appropriate legislation in this State. In 1904, in the realization that the fight against child labor should be nationwide, Dr. Murphy brought about the organization of the National Child Labor Committee. The agitation has gone on, public opinion has heen stimulated and in- spired, many of the states have enacted 11b- eral statutes, in 1912 a National Children's Bureau was created by Congress, and in 1916 Congress passed a bill regulating child labor and preventing the interstate shipment of goods made in violation of the provisions of that statute.
Alabama Law, 1915 .- The present legisla- tion in Alabama bears date, February 24, 1915. It was only brought about after a hard contest, and some concessions an the part of the friends of the measure. The em- ployment of any child under 14 years of age in any gainful occupation, except agriculture
and domestic service, and except certain street occupations, such as selling newspapers and periodicals. Until a child is 16 years of age, it is unlawful for such a child to be em- ployed, permitted, or suffered to work: (a) Before the hour of 6 o'clock in the morning; (b) After the hour of 6 o'clock in the eve- ning; (c) More than 11 hours in any 1 day; (d) More than sixty hours in any 1 week; (e) More than 6 days in any 1 week. Until a child is 16 years of age, it is unlawful for any such child to be employed, permitted to work, or detained in or about any mill, fac- tory, or manufacturing establishment, unless such child shall attend school for 8 weeks in every year of employment, 6 weeks of which must be consecutive. The presence of any child under 16 years of age in any manu- facturing establishment shall be prima facie evidence of its employment therein.
The law contains a series of provisions of the most far-reaching character, prohibiting the employment, or suffering a child to be employed in operating or assisting in operat- ing dangerous machinery, such as are in use in wood working mills, printing offices, bakeries, laundries, or upon railroads or watercraft. They also are prohibited from employment or service in any capacity in manufacturing plants in which dangerous or poisonous acids or other chemicals are used, or in the occupations which cause dust in in- jurious quantities, nor on scaffolding, heavy work in the building trades, in tunnels or ex- cavations, about or in connection with mines, coal breakers, coke ovens or quarries, or in sorting, manufacturing or packing tobacco, nor on the stage or any theatre or concert hall or in any connection with any theatrical performance, or any exhibition or show. For cities of 25,000 population or more certain special regulations are provided: boys 12 years of age and girls 18 years of age may vend newspapers and periodicals, providing they wear in plain sight a street seller's badge, but boys are not permitted to engage in such work before 5 o'clock in the morning or after 8 o'clock in the evening. In such cities boys 10 years of age may engage in distribution of papers over fixed routes in the residence districts of the cities within the hours named. Persons under 18 years of age cannot be employed, permitted or suffered to work as telegraph, telephone or other mes- sengers, in the distribution, transmission or delivery of goods or messages hefore 5 in the morning or after 9 in the evening. For cities under 25,000 messengers may work until 10 o'clock in the evening. Badges are only issued, however, where the child is a regular attendant at school, and when the school record is good, and they will he revoked, through the juvenile court, where it appears that attendance is irregular, or the school record is otherwise unsatisfactory.
When a child reaches the age of 14, and until such child becomes 16, it is unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to employ any such child unless such person, firm or cor- poration keeps on file, for inspection by the officials charged with the enforcement of the
Dixon Hall Lewis
Clement C. Clay, Jr.
U. S. SENATORS FROM ALABAMA, 23RD CONGRESS
Vol. 1-16
243
HISTORY OF ALABAMA
law, an employment certificate for each such child employed, also a list of the names of all such children. It is the duty of every em- ployer to keep posted in a conspicuous place in each room where any child under 16 years of age is employed, a printed schedule of the hours of work, stating the hours of com- mencing and stopping work, the hours of work permitted each day of the week, and the hours allowed for dinner and for other meals. Employers are required to keep posted in every room where minors are em- ployed a printed copy of the Alabama child labor law. It is made the duty of every em- ployer to return to a child leaving his em- ploy its employment certificate. In the event the child fails to claim the certificate within 10 days after the termination of its employ- ment, the employer must return it to the school authority by whom issued. Whenever there is found in any establishment a child who has no employment certificate on file, and who is apparently under 16 years of age, an inspector may demand in writing that satisfactory evidence shall be furnished in 10 days that such child is in fact 16 years of age, or the employer shall cease to employ such child. In the event the employer refuses or fails to furnish satisfactory evidence as to the age of such a child, and continues to em- ploy such child, proof to this effect shall be prima facie evidence in any prosecution that such child is unlawfully employed.
Employment certificates are regulated as follows: (a) No child can procure an employ- ment certificate unless said child is 14 years of age and has attended school at least 60 days during the year immediately preceding the date on which the certificate is issued. (b) Employment certificates can be issued only by superintendents or principals of schools, or by some person authorized in writing by the superintendent or principal to act in his name; (c) Where there is no superintendent or principal of schools, em- ployment certificates shall be issued by the county superintendent of education, or by some person authorized by him in writing; (d) The child seeking an employment cer- tificate must apply in person to the proper school authorities, accompanied by its parent, or guardian or custodian; (e) The child must furnish the person authorized to issue em- ployment certificates 2 records as follows: (1) A school record signed by the teacher or principal of the school last attended by the child, showing that it attended school at least 60 days during the year immediately preceding the date on which the certificate Is issued; and (2) satisfactory evidence of age, showing the child to be at least 14 years old.
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