History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 8

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756

USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 8

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sale of the Alabama & Chattanooga Railroad, was approved by act of April 14, 1873.

Reorganization .- On August 24, 1874, the Federal Court again took charge of the road and placed it in the hands of trustees for the first-mortgage bondholders. It was again sold at auction on January 22, 1877, and purchased by the agent of Erlanger & Co., of London, representing the holders of $3,300,000 bonds. The property was con- trolled by the English syndicate, known as the Alabama Great Southern Railway Co., Ltd., through its American subsidiary com- pany, the Alabama Great Southern Railroad Co., until February 1, 1906.

During the time the English corporation controlled its affairs, the Alabama Great Southern Railroad Co. acquired the Gadsden & Attalla Railroad, by the purchase of its entire stock and bonds on April 22, 1892, but it was sold again to the Southern Rall- way Co. in 1905, part of the consideration being that the Alabama Great Southern should forever have the right to use the property jointly with the Southern Railway.

On April 30, 1902, a controlling interest In the Alabama Great Southern Railway Co., Ltd., was purchased by the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railway Co. (q. v.) and the Richmond & Danville Railroad Co .; and when the Southern Railway Co. was organ- Ized to take over the property of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia In 1894, it acquired this controlling interest in the Ala- bama Great Southern Railway Co., and now owns an equal interest in the succeeding com- pany, the Alabama Great . Southern Rail- road Co.

In 1915 the Alabama Great Southern Rail- road Co. was interested in other active trans- portation companies, as follows: the Belt Railway Co. of Chattanooga, sole owner; Woodstock & Blocton Railway Co., 50 per cent; Meridian Terminal Co., 20 per cent; Birmingham Terminal Co., 16 2/3 per cent; Chattanooga Station Co., 25 per cent. The company also owns $833,300 of the capital stock of the Southwestern Construction Co., which is the controlling company of the Cin- cinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway Co. An extension is projected from Wau- hatchie, Tenn., to a connection with the Southern Railway Co.'s. Lookout Mountain line, 2.97 miles.

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1851-52, p. 178; 1853-54, pp. 270, 405; 1855-56, p. 323; 1857-58, p. 168; 1865-66, p. 146; 1866-67, p. 686; 1868, pp. 5, 17, 198, 207, 345, 354; 1869-70, p. 89; 1872-73, pp. 52, 534; Alabama Senate and House of Representa- tives, Journals, 1868, 1869-70, 1870-71, 1871-72, 1872-73, 1873, 1874-75, 1875-76; State Auditor, Annual Reports, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872; Gov. Wm. H. Smith, Messages, Nov. 15, 1869, Jan. 10, 1870, Nov. 21, 1870; Gov. Robert B. Lindsay, Nov. 29, 1870, Nov. 21, 1871; Gov. David P. Lewis, Nov. 17 and 26, 1873, Nov., 1874; John H. Gindrat, Report to the Governor, 1871; Far- rand and Thom, Railroad Commissioners, Re- port to the Governor, 1871; Lehman, Durr Co., Report to the Governor, 1871; Special Senate Committee, Report on the management of the

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Alabama & Chattanooga Railroad, 1872; Special House Committee to Investigate Railroad Mat- ters, Report, 1872; Wm. H. Moore, Commis- sioner, Report, 1873; James L. Tait, Receiver of Lands, of the Alabama and Chattanooga R. R., Report to the Governor, 1873; Report on the Ku Klux Conspiracy (H. Doc. serial No. 1529, 42d Cong., 2d sess.), "Report of the Commit- tee," pp. 169-178; Ibid, "Alabama Testimony," vol. 1, pp. 193-199, 218, vol. 2, pp. 1057-1058; Alabama v. Burr, 115 U. S. Reports, pp. 413-429; American Annual Cyclopedia, 1870, vol. 10, pp. 9-10; 1871, vol. 11, pp. 7-8; 1872, vol. 12, pp. 8-9; 1872, vol. 13, pp. 17-19; 1874, vol. 14, pp. 17-18; vol. 15, pp. 15-18; Poor's manual of railroads; Railroad Commission of Ala., Annual Reports, 1889 et seg .; Clark, "Railroads and navigation," in Memorial Record of Alabama (1893), vol. 1, p. 323; Jefferson County and Birmingham (1877), pp. 123-130; Martin, "Internal improve- ments in Alabama," in Johns Hopkins Universi- ty, Studies in historical and political science (1902), pp. 72-87; Fleming, Civil War and Re- construction in Alabama (1905), pp. 586-600; Armes, Story of coal and iron in Alabama (1910); Hilary Herbert, editor, Why the Solid South? (1890), pp. 51-53; Ala. Great Southern Ry. Co., The hill country of Alabama, U. S. A., or the Land of Rest (London, 1878) ; Sumter County Whig, Livingston, Ala., Jan. 25, 1854; Independent Monitor, Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1868- 1871; Southern Argus, Selma, Ala., 1867-1875; Laws, Abstract, etc., relating to the lands owned by the Alabama State Land Co. (1899); Peti- tion of the Alabama State Land Company to the Governor and Legislature of Alabama, with Governor's deed to Swann and Billups, Trus- tees .- Exhibit C, Deed No. 1 from Swann and Billups, Trustees to the Alabama State Land Company and Deed No. 2 from same to the same. (Senate Bill, No. 196, 1911.)

ALABAMA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. A voluntary patriotic and educational organiza- tion, founded on July 8, 1850, in the city of Tuscaloosa. Dr. Basil Manly, then presi- dent of the University of Alabama, prepared the constitution and was largely instrumental in bringing about organization. As declared in its constitution,

"The object of the society is to discover, procure, and preserve, and diffuse whatever may relate to the natural, civil, literary, and ecclesiastical history of the State of Alabama, and of the States in connection with her."

As further indicative of the plans and scope of the society the following extract from the executive committee report of 1851 is given:

"The plan of our operations is one of vast magnitude and the materials to be collected of almost endless variety. No one department of human research confines our system. It covers every subject of the natural history of the State in the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms. It spreads its wide em- brace to receive the record of every important event, either past, or now transpiring, in our civil, religious, social, and individual his- tory," etc.

REFERENCES .- Owen, "Bibliography of Ala- bama," in American Historical Association, Report, 1897; and Publications, supra.

ALABAMA INDIANS. See Indians in

Alabama.

ALABAMA IN THE WORLD WAR. In view of the fact that practically every phase of the subject, "Alabama in the European or World War" has been treated under par- ticular topical phases, it has not been deemed wise to give other than the following refer- ences in this book: Adjutant General, Ala- bama National Guard Brigade, Auxiliary Re- mount Depot No. 312, Aviation Repair Depot, Camp Mcclellan, Camp Mcclellan Library, Camp Sheridan, Council of Defense, Fort Mor- gan, Fourth Alabama Infantry Regiment, 167th Infantry, Fourth Alabama State-wide Welcome Home Committee, Knights of Co- lumbus, Jewish Welfare Board, 116th Field Artillery, 117th Field Artillery, Red Cross, Students Army Training Corps, Taylor Field, War Camp Community Service, Y. M. C. A., and Y. W. C. A., Girls' Patriotic League, and Motor Corps, Montgomery.

ALABAMA MARBLE COMPANY. An in- dustrial corporation, incorporated August 6, 1908, in New York, as the Alabama Marble Co. of New York; capital stock authorized, $1,000,000 cumulative preferred, $2,000,000 common, total, $3,000,000; outstanding, $948,400 preferred, $1,300,000 common, total, $2,248,400; shares, $100; no funded debt; property owned in Alabama-quarry and finishing plant at Gantts Quarry, Tal- ladega County, with a present capacity of 100,000 cubic feet of finished marble per annum, to be increased to 1,000,000 cubic feet; offices: Gantts Quarry, Ala., and New York, N. Y.

REFERENCES .- Poor's manual of industrials, 1916, p. 2789.

ALABAMA MEMORIAL COMMISSION. See Memorial Commission, Alabama.

ALABAMA MIDLAND RAILROAD COM- PANY. See Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company.

ALABAMA MILITARY INSTITUTE. A private school for the education of boys and young men, located at Tuskegee. It was originally founded in 1857, by Prof. James F. Park, and for twenty-five years it was known as Park High School. It trained many young men, who later became prominent in all walks of life. In 1883 Prof. Park retired, and disposed of the school property to Prof. W. D. Fonville. On February 18, 1891, it was incorporated as the Alabama Military In- stitute, with power to confer degrees. For many years it maintained a high standard, but in 1900 the buildings were destroyed by fire. Prof. Fonville did not reopen the school, but removed to Mexico, Missouri, where he opened a school of the same general type.

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1900-01, p. 1354; Cata- logue, 1891-92.

ALABAMA NATIONAL GUARD BRIGADE. The units of the Alabama National Guard

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

were called into Federal Service by the order of President Woodrow Wilson on the 18th day of June, 1916, and mobolized at Vandiver Park, Montgomery, Ala.

The 1st Alabama Infantry under the com- mand of Col. F. M. Maddox, the 2nd Alabama Infantry under the command of Col. Allen H. Crenshaw, and the 4th Alabama Infantry (q. v.) under the command of Col. E. H. Graves were sent in August to Nogales, Ariz., and remained at that place until the 22nd of March, 1917, when they returned to Mont- gomery.

The Alabama Brigade was drafted into Federal service on the 5th day of August, 1917, and with the exception of the 4th Ala- bama Infantry (q. v.) which became the 167th Infantry, Rainbow Division, were in September ordered to Camp Wheeler, Macon, Ga., where they became a part of the Dixie Division.

The Dixie Division was trained at Camp Wheeler and many of the Alabamians who served in this command were transferred to overseas organizations, and had been in France many months before the 31st Division arrived in the latter part of October, 1918.

For further reference see sketches of the Adjutant General of Alabama, 116th and 117th Field Artilleries, and 4th Alabama Infantry Regiment.

ALABAMA NORTHERN RAILWAY COM- PANY. See Atlanta, Birmingham and At- lantic Railroad Company.

ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. A high class educational institution, the agri- cultural and mechanical college of the State, and one of the so-called Land Grant Colleges, established by an act of Congress known as the Morrill Act, approved July 2, 1862, which donated lands to the several States "for the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including Military Tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts . . . in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the in- dustrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life."

On December 31, 1868, Alabama accepted this donation, and appointed a commission to sell the land script received from the United States and invest the proceeds. After a delay of over three years, the sale was completed and the investment was made by the purchase of Alabama State bonds to the amount of two hundred and fifty-two thousand dollars. This investment consti- tuted the original endowment fund of the College.

The East Alabama Male College (q. v.) having been offered by the Alabama Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, the legislature, by an act approved February 26, 1872, accepted the offer and located the new Agricultural and Mechanical College at Auburn.

The Agricultural and Mechanical College was organized March 22, 1872, by the elec- tion of a faculty consisting of the same fac- ulty of the old college, two new professors, and a commandant. By this action of the Board of Trustees of the A. and M. College, there was no interruption of college exer- cises. It was provided that these exercises should continue through the summer and that the session should close and the commence- ment exercises occur October 30. It was fur- ther provided that the senior class of the East Alabama College should graduate in June and the Alumni of that College should be recognized as Alumni of the Agricultural and Mechanical College.

At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held in Montgomery in November, 1872, there was a partial reorganization of the faculty, a re- arrangement of the course of study, and the establishment of the present college session. As a result of this action, 'the first college commencement proper of the Agricultural and Mechanical College was held July 20, 1873.

At first there was much prejudice against the new education, so called, and much ad- verse criticism of its aims and methods. Yet under the wise and conservative administra- tion of its first president, Dr. I. T. Tichenor, the College made substantial advancement along the line of work indicated by the act of Congress establishing it. Four courses of study leading to a degree were established, as follows: agriculture, science, engineering, and literature. Notwithstanding the embar- rassment and difficulties incident to inade- quate resources, and a new departure in edu- cation, the College made substantial prog- ress in its development and popular favor. Some of the graduates of that period have achieved distinguished success in technical and scientific pursuits and professions.

The second period, from 1882 to 1892, may be called the era of growth and develop- ment. The State extended its first aid to the College by an act approved February 28, 1883, appropriating $30,000, which was ex- pended in the improvement of the main build- ing, the erection of Langdon Hall, the pur- chase of the experiment farm, enlarging the library, and the purchase of apparatus and equipment. At the same session of the legis- lature an act was passed appropriating one-third of the net proceeds of the tax on fertilizers to establish and maintain an experi- ment station and a State Chemical Depart- ment. This law provided that the Professor of Chemistry should be the State Chemist.

During the session of 1884-85, a second appropriation of $12,500 was made by the legislature to establish a department of mechanic arts. In June, 1885, an instructor was appointed for this department, and a shop for instruction in woodwork was equipped. At the opening of the following session, a course in manual training was inaugurated, which has developed into a complete course in mechanical engineering.

The main building, with all its contents, was burned June 24, 1887. This seeming

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

disaster proved a blessing in disguise. For, with the insurance and a liberal appropria- tion of $50,000 made by the legislature, the present main building and the large and well equipped chemical laboratory were erected. By act of Congress approved March 2, 1887, known as the Hatch Act, an appropriation of $15,000 per annum was made to estab-" lish and maintain an agricultural experiment station in connection with each of the land grant colleges. Under the provisions of this act, the experiment station was reorganized and the scope of its work much enlarged, and the facilitles for instruction and investi- gation in scientific agriculture were greatly increased. The administration of Dr. Wil- liam LeRoy Broun began with this period. The college became a distinctive school of applied science or a polytechnic institute. The course of study was reorganized. Ancient and modern languages were made optional studies in all the courses except the general course. From the latter course Greek was eliminated and French and German were substituted. Thereafter but one degree, bachelor of science, was conferred on grad- uates.

During this period the facilities for instruc- tion in mechanic arts were increased by the erection of a separate building for forge and foundry work, the addition of an annex to. Langdon Hall for a machine shop, and the complete equipment of these shops. Nine new laboratories were established, and lab- oratory instruction became an important fea- ture in the courses of education provided for the students of the college.

In 1890, the department of biology was added, and in all lines of scientific work there was a marked development and ad- vancement. In 1892, the act known as the second Morrill Act was passed by the United States Congress, appropriating $15,000 per annum for the further endowment of land grant colleges. But this appropriation was divided between the negro and white races in the same ratio as the number of children of each race of school age. The Alabama Polytechnic Institute receives 56% of this appropriation.

None of the funds derived from Congres- sional appropriation can be used for build- ing, repairs or improvements. The State had furnished up to 1906, only $50,000 toward the erection of the present college buildings, then valued at over $100,000.

Between 1892 and 1906, there were es- tablished the departments of mechanical en- gineering, electrical engineering, mining engi- neering, veterinary science, pharmacy, and horticulture, and a full professor placed in charge of each. An annex to the chemical laboratory was built to house the departments of pharmacy and the mechanical engineering laboratory. Much other enlargement was done in the veterinary department, and the shops and boiler houses. A gymnasium was erected and equipped.

By an act of the legislature, approved January 27, 1899, the name of the College

was changed to the Alabama Polytechnic In- stitute. This change was justified by the fact stated in the act, that "The College has developed as originally designed into an in- stitution where are taught, not only the branches that relate to agriculture and the mechanic arts, but also the sciences and arts in general that relate to the industrial de- velopment of modern civilization."

The work of the Institute is now, to a great measure, devoted to the study of the natural sciences and their application to practical life. This scientific and practical education is based upon a sound and thorough education in history, languages, and mathe- matics. The proportion of these two elements in education has been the constant study of the institution since its foundation.

The instruction offered is arranged as fol- lows: (1) College of engineering, mines and architecture, (2) College of agricultural sci- ences, (3) Academic departments, (4) Col- lege of veterinary medicine, (5) Department of pharmacy, (6) School of agricultural edu- cation. Students in the different divisions of the college receive instruction in other de- partments as shown in the courses of study prescribed for degrees.

. The College of engineering, mines, and architecture, includes the following depart- ments: (1) Civil engineering, (2) Electrical engineering, (3) Mechanical engineering, (4) Mining engineering, (5) Chemical engineer- ing, (6) Chemistry and metallurgy, (7) Arch -. itecture, (8) Architectural engineering, (9) Mechanical drawing and machine design, (10) Manual training.

II. The work of the Agricultural College is divided into the following groups: (1) Agronomy (field crops, cotton, corn, etc.), (2) Animal husbandry, (3) Horticulture, (4) Veterinary science, (5) Botany, (6) Entomol- ogy, (7) Agricultural chemistry, (8) Plant pathology.

III. A degree course is offered in the following subjects: Education, political econ- omy, English, history and Latin, modern lan- guages, mathematics, physics, military science and tactics.

IV. The College of Veterinary Medicine comprises the following departments: Vet- erinary medicine, physiology, surgery, anat- omy, therapeutics, pathology, histology, bac- teriology, obstetrics, infectious diseases, meat inspection, milk inspection, and an mal par- asites.

V. The Department of Pharmacy offers three degree courses as follows: four-year course (B. S.); three-year course (Ph. C.) ; two-year course (Ph. G.).

VI. The School of Agricultural Educa- tion offers courses which lead to the degree, Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education.

The requirements for admission are that all applicants must present testimonials of good character, must be 15 years of age, and for admission in full standing to the Fresh- man class, must have 14 units. Special or irregular students have courses as prescribed by the Institute, when they can pass the re-

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

quired examination for admission. Women are admitted on the same footing with men.

Laboratory work is given in the following departments: 1. Civil engineering, field work, surveying, etc .; 2. Electrical engineering, tel- ephone engineering; 3. Mechanical engineer- ing; 4. Mechanic arts; 5. Mining engineering, mineralogy; 6. Ore dressing; 7. Architecture, architectural engineering; 8. Technical draw- ing, machine design; 9. Chemistry, metallurgy; 10. Agronomy; 11. Botany; 12. Pharmacy, pharmaceutical chemistry; 13. Horticulture; 14. Entomology, zoology; 15. Animal hus- bandry; 16. History, Latin; 17. Physics. 18. Military tactics; 19. Veterinary science, bacteriology, physiology; 20. Wireless teleg- raphy; 21. Auto mechanics.

The Alabama experiment station, cooper- ating with the U. S. Department of Agri- culture, is located at Auburn, and is the means through which the research and exten- sion work of the Institute is conducted. The director of the Station is a professor of agri- culture in the Institute, and the president of the Institute is the general head of the Experiment Station.

Presidents .-

1872-82-I. T. Tichenor, D. D.

1883-4-David F. Boyd.

1884-1902-William LeRoy Broun, M. A., Ph. D.

1902-20-Charles Coleman Thach, M. A., LL. D.

1919-20-Bennett B. Ross, M. S., Ph. D. (Acting president).

1920-21-Spright Dowell, M. A., LL. D. (Acting president).

1921 -- Spright Dowell, M. A., LL. D. During the summer of 1919, on account of the illness of Dr. Thach, Dr. B. B. Ross, State Chemist, and head of the agricultural chemical department since 1893, was named as acting president, and at the meeting of the board of trustees in June, 1920, Spright Dowell, Superintendent of Education, was named president. He was formally inaugu- rated February 22, 1921.

The present buildings of the Institute are: Main, Langdon Hall, Power house and shops, Broun Engineering Hall, Chemical laboratory, Pharmacy building, Smith Hall, Carnegie Library, Agricultural building, and Alumni Gymnasium, presented to the Institute by the Alumni and dedicated February 22, 1916.

During the past year it has been necessary on account of the large increase of students to convert the R. O. T. C. barracks into liv- ing quarters for the students. This has in a measure helped to solve the housing ques- tion of the Institute.

Presidents of Board of Trustees, 1872- 1920, with Period of Service .-

1872-4-William H. Barnes.

1874-8-Gov. George S. Houston, Ex-officio.

1878-82-Gov. Rufus W. Cobb, Ex-officio.

1882-6-Gov. E. A. O'Neal, Ex-officio.

1886-90-Gov. Thomas Seay, Ex-officio.

1890-4-Gov. Thomas G. Jones, Ex-officio. 1894-6-Gov. William C. Oates, Ex-officio.

1896-1900-Gov. Joseph F. Johnston, Ex- officio.

1900-02-Gov. William J. Samford, Ex- officio.

1902-06-Gov. William D. Jelks, Ex-of- ficio.

1906-11-Gov. Braxton Bragg Comer, Ex- officio.

1911-15-Gov. Emmet O'Neal, Ex-officio. 1915-19-Gov. Charles Henderson, Ex-of- ficio.

1919 -- Gov. Thomas E. Kilby, Ex-of- ficio.

Members of Board of Trustees, 1872-1920, with Period of Service .-

John W. Abercrombie, Ex-officio as Su- perintendent of Education, 1899 to 1902; also 1920 -.

H. Clay Armstrong, Ex-officio as Super- intendent of Education, 1880 to 1884; also as regular appointee, 1891-9; also December

1, 1900, to death, December 17, 1900.

1907-15-R. B. Barnes.

1872-87-William H. Barnes.

1907-19-A. W. Bell.

1877-9-T. B. Bethea.

1897-1911-Tancred Betts.

1875-7-B. S. Bibb.

1893-1907-J. A. Bilbro.

1881-93-John W. Bishop.

1876-80-Leroy F. Box, Ex-officio as Su- perintendent of Education.

1890-91-T. G. Bush.

1900-07-J. M. Carmichael.

1881-8-H. D. Clayton.

1893-9-I. F. Culver.

1892-1911-William C. Davis.

1903-19-N. D. Denson.

1872-81-W. C. Dowdell.

1920-Spright Dowell, Ex-officio as Su- perintendent of Education.

1893-9-R. H. Duggar.

1913-18-W. F. Feagin, Ex-officio as Su- perintendent of Education; also as regular appointee, 1907-23.

1907-15-J. S. Frazer.

1897-1907-T. H. Frazer.

1885-1900-J. G. Gilchrist.

1906-11-Harry C. Gunnels, Ex-officio as Superintendent of Education.

1927-Paul S. Haley, term expires.

1875-1907-Jonathan Haralson.

1879-85-J. W. Hardy.

1889-97-C. C. Harris.

1890-94-J. G. Harris, Ex-officio as Super-

intendent of Education. 1915-31-Harry Herzfeld.

1902-06-Isaac W. Hill, Ex-officio as Su- perintendent of Education.

1915-31-Oliver R. Hood.

1887-93, 1911 -- R. F. Kolb.

1872-90-C. C. Langdon.

1875-81-L. W. Lawler.

1879-95-R. F. Ligon.

1900-11-R. F. Ligon, Jr.

1891-3-C. H. Lindsay.

1872-88-J. N. Malone.

1907-15-H. L. Martin.

1915-27-C. S. McDowell.

1874-76-John M. McKleroy, Ex-officio as

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Superintendent of Education.

1919-31-H. D. Merrill.

1881-9-J. B. Mitchell.

1875-9-E. H. Moren.

1899-1900-F. M. Moseley. 1915-27-W. H. Oates.

1872-5-T. D. Osborne.

1884-90-Solomon Palmer, Ex-officio as Superintendent of Education.

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History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 8

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 756

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756