History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 102

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756

USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 102

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Syrup cane, 2,050 acres; 185,030 gallons. Cowpeas, 9,600 acres; 36,400 bushels.

Sweet potatoes, 1,620 acres; 134,880 bushels.

Irish potatoes, 240 acres; 7,400 bushels. Oats, 11,080 acres; 110,890 bushels.

Wheat, 2,200 acres; 14,280 bushels.

Post Offices and Towns .- Revised to July 1, 1917, from U. S. Official Postal Guide. Figures indicate the number of rural routes from that office.

Asbury

Millbrook

Bingham

Seman

Central

Sistrunk

Claud

Speigner

Coosada Station

Tallassee-3

Deatsville-3

Titus-1

Eclectic-3

Ware

Elmore-2

Grandview

Wetumpka (ch)-3

Population .- Statistics from decennial pub- lications of the U. S. Bureau of the Census.

White.

Negro.

Total.

1870

7747

6730

14477

1880

8747

8755

17502

1890

11443

10288

21731

1900

14048

12051

26099

1910

14999

13246

28245

Delegates to Constitutional Conventions .- 1867-Charles M. Cabot, Benjamin W. Norris.

1875-William C. Bulger, Jr.

1901-John H. Parker, A. E. Williams.

Senators .-

1868-J. A. Farden.

1872-3-C. S. G. Doster.

1873-C. S. G. Doster.

1874-5-W. G. M. Golson.

1875-6-W. G. M. Golson.

1876-7-W. L. Johnson.

1878-9-W. L. Johnson.

1880-1-W. P. Oden.

1882-3-W. P. Oden.

1884-5- Jefferson Falkner.

1886-7-Jefferson Falkner. 1888-9-J. H. Parker.

1890-1-John H. Parker.

1892-3-A. T. Goodwin.

1894-5-A. T. Goodwin.

1896-7-G. B. Deans (of Shelby).

1898-9-G. B. Deans.

1899 (Spec.)-G. B. Deans. 1900-01-W. R. Oliver. 1903-William Lycurgus Lancaster. 1907-J. W. Strother.

1907 (Spec.)-J. W. Strother.

1909 (Spec.)-J. W. Strother. 1911-O. J. Justice.

1915-Thomas L. Bulger.

1919-R. L. Huddleston.

Representatives .-

1870-1-B. F. Benson.

1868-Wm. V. Turner.

1869-70-Wm. V. Turner.

1871-2-B. F. Benson.

1872-3-J. B. Hannon.

1873-J. B. Hannon.

1874-5-M. L. Fielder.

1875-6-M. L. Fielder.

1876-7-R. G. Welch.

1878-9-Thomas Williams.

1880-1-W. T. Lary.

1882-3-L. F. Toree.

1884-5-J. E. Patterson.

1886-7-A. T. Goodwin.

1888-9-George H. Parker.

1890-1-G. H. Parker.

1892-3-H. C. Ellis.

1894-5-Henry C. Ellis.

1896-7-W. H. Huddleston.

1898-9-Eli Haynie.

1899 (Spec.)-Eli Haynie.

1900-01-W. E. Striplin.

1903-Andrew Wooley Rucker, Owen Cal- vin Swindall.

1907-W. L. Lancaster; Lamar Smith.

1907 (Spec.)-W. L. Lancaster; Lamar Smith. 1909 (Spec.)-W. L. Lancaster; Lamar Smith.

1911-R. L. Huddleston; J. M. Johnson.

1915-A. C. Rogers; Dr. O. S. Justice. 1919-H. C. Ellis; J. A. Holmes.

For many details on various subjects in the history of the county, see separate sketches of Bragg's Gymnasium; Convicts, Board of In- spectors of; Coosa River; Coosada; Eclectic; Elmore; Fifth District Agricultural School; Fort Jackson; Kowaliga Agricultural and In- dustrial Institute; Speigner; Tallapoosa River; Tallassee; Tallassee & Montgomery R. R. Co .; Tallassee Falls Manufacturing Co .; Tuberculosis; Wetumpka.

See also detailed sketches of all Indian towns and villages listed under "Aboriginal History" above.

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1865-66, p. 484; Brewer, Alabama, p. 237; Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 291; Riley, Alabama as it is (1893), p. 181; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 194; Alabama, 1909 (Ala. Dept. of Ag. and Ind., Bulletin 27), p. 116; U. S. Soil Survey (1913), with map; Alabama land book (1916), p. 66; Ala. Official and Statistical Register, 1903-1915, 5 vols .; Ala. Anthropological Society, Handbook (1910); Geol. Survey of Ala., Agricultural features of the State (1883); The Valley regions of Ala- bama, parts 1 and 2 (1896, 1897), and Under- ground Water resources of Alabama (1907); Pickett, History of Alabama (Owens' ed., 1900).

EMBALMING, STATE BOARD OF. A board of five members, residents of the State and practical embalmers, appointed by the governor for terms of five years. The estab- lishment of the board was for the protection of life and health, to prevent the spread of contagious diseases, and to regulate the prac- tice of embalming and the care and disposi-

WILLIAM R.KING

William R. King

Marble Bust

William R. King vault in Oak Cemetery, Selma

WILLIAM R. KING Vice President, Diplomat

Vol. 1-34

531

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

tion of the dead. It is the duty of the board, and it has the power to prescribe standards of efficiency as to qualifications and fitness of persons who may engage in the practice of embalming, and to issue licenses authorizing the practice, and to adopt such rules and reg- ulations not inconsistent with the laws of the State or the United States for the perform- ance of its duties. It has the power to adopt a seal; and must meet at least once in each year, and oftener if necessary.

The first effort to regulate the subjects noted above was made by act of December 12, 1894. Basis for the legislation was stated to be the better protection of life and health, the prevention of the spread of contagious diseases, and the regulation of the practice of embalming. The measure, therefore, rested upon the exercise of the general police powers of the State. The first act limited its pro- visions to towns of 1,500 inhabitants, or more. With the adoption of the code of 1907, it was made to apply to the whole State.

In order to meet necessary conditions in towns of less than 500 population and in rural communities, or in municipalities where there may be no licensed embalmer, an act of August 26, 1909, authorized licensed physicians to embalm bodies, without first having secured a license.

Under the law, only registered embalmers may practice embalming. Any person under- taking to do so without first having obtained a license, is subject to a penalty.

For licenses a fee of $5 is assessed, and an annual charge of $2 is required for re- newals. From the funds so derived, the compensation, expenses, and mileage of mem- bers of the board are defrayed.

No publications.

REFERENCES .- Code, 1907, secs. 538-545; Acts, 1894-95, pp. 108-112; 1909, pp. 231-232; 1915, pp. 774-775.

EMERSON NORMAL INSTITUTE. A de- nominational school for the education of col- ored males and females, located at Mobile, founded in 1866 by the American Missionary Association with Prof. W. J. Squire as princi- pal. The school was first known as "Blue College," but the name was changed to "Emerson Institute" in appreciation of a large donation. Primary, intermediate and high school departments are maintained while nor- mal, industrial and business courses are of- fered. A well classified library is maintained in connection with the literary societies which are supported by both students and faculty.

REFERENCES .- Catalogues, 1866 -; Clark, History of Education In Alabama, "The Story of Emerson Institute," Douglass.

EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY. See Labor Movements and Organizations.

EMUCKFAU, BATTLE OF. A battle be- tween Gen. Andrew Jackson's forces and the Creek Indians, fought on January 27, at or near the Indian village of Imukfa. Following the Battle of Talladega, November 9, 1913,

Gen. Jackson had devoted his to strengthening his army, and bringing up sup- plies. The failure of contractors and mutiny among his troops subjected him to numerous unnecessary trials and difficulties. On Janu- ary 15 at Fort Strother he received an addl- tion to his force, many of whom had enlisted for short terms. He was constantly in fear of an attack, and he resolved to strike an im- mediate blow, not only to keep his men employed, but also to demoralize the Indians. Coupled with his own determination was ad- vices from Gen. Pinckney that Gen. Floyd was about to march upon the Indians gathering on the Tallapoosa.

About this time Gen. Jackson was informed by his scouts that a large force of Creeks, centrated in a bend of the Tallapoosa River, near the mouth of Imukfa Creek, and that the Indians were planning an attack on Fort Arm- strong, on the Coosahatchie, in the present Cherokee County, and very near the Georgia line. This fort was garrisoned by some 200 friendly Creeks and Cherokees, and 18 or 20 white men from Mississippi. On January 15 the mounted troops, about 800 strong, crossed the Coosa River at Fish Dam Ford and marched to a good grazing ground on Weho- gee Creek, 4 miles distant from Fort Strother, and there they camped. The main force joined them the next day under Gen. Jackson in person. It consisted of an artillery com- pany, with one six-pounder, commanded by Lieut. Robert Armstrong, a company of in- fantry, two companies of spies, commanded by Capt. John Gordon and Capt. William Russell, and a company of volunteer officers commanded by Gen. Coffee. A small force only had been left at Fort Strother. On Jan- uary 17 they marched to Talladega Fort, which they reached the next day. Here they were reinforced by two or three hundred friendly Indians, including 65 Cherokees, the remainder Creeks. At this juncture advices were received that Gen. Floyd was about to begin a movement, and also a letter from Col. William Snodgrass, in which he stated that Fort Armstrong was about to be attacked. Gen. Jackson immediately planned an ad- vance. His men prepared three days' rations, and were otherwise put in marching order. The movement against Imukfa was begun on January 19. The army camped on the next night at Enitachopco, at which a battle was later fought on January 24. On the night of the 21st, he had reached Imukfa Creek. Disposing his men in a hollow square, pickets were placed, spies were rent out, and his camp fires built around but far beyond the camp. About 11 o'clock p. m. the spies reported that the Indians were encamped 3 miles away, en- gaged in dancing, and with demonstrations, indicating that they knew Gen. Jackson's presence. The men rested quietly on their arms throughout the night, awaiting the at- tack they knew was imminent.

The next morning ahout daybreak, January 22, the alarm guns of the sentinels, followed by the yells of the Indians, announced the beginning of the expected battle. The Creeks made a furious assault on Jackson's left, by

532

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

which it was met with great firmness. The

battle continued for about 30 minutes. As long as darkness lasted the Americans had some advantage, being massed in the dark- ness, while the Indians approached between them and the camp fires. With the coming of dawn, the exact disposition of the Indians was ascertained. Gen. Jackson reinforced his left wing, and the whole line, under Gen. Coffee charged upon the Indians. The friendly Indians joined in the chase, and the Creeks were driven with great loss for about 2 miles.

The chase over, Gen. Coffee was detached with 400 men and the friendly Indians to

burn the Creek encampment. They found It impracticable to do this without the aid of artillery, as it was fortified. About half an hour afterward, the battle was renewed by the Creeks attacking Gen. Jackson's right flank. This was met by Gen. Coffee with 200 men, but owing to some mistake in orders, only his old company of mounted volunteer officers followed him. With this small force he advanced upon the superior numbers of the enemy, who were posted on a ridge. Gen. Coffee dismounted his men, charged the lines, and drove them into a reed brake on the mar- gin of the creek.

The attack on the right flank was a feint, and the main force of Indians which had been carefully concealed, now made a sudden and violent assault upon the left wing, which they believed to have been weakened and demor- alized by the first engagement. The charge was met with great firmness, and the Indians were repulsed. The battle then became gen- eral along the whole line. The Indians fought in the old way, every man adopting his own tactics, shooting from behind trees, logs, or from whatever shelter afforded the best protection, falling flat on the ground to re- load, then rising to deliver the fire. The battle continued for some time, when an order was given the Tennesseeans to charge and dislodge the Indians. This was successful, and they were driven with much loss from the field.

The friendly Indians had earlier in the en- gagement been ordered to the support of Gen. Coffee, but when the attack became fiercest on the left wing, they joined with the fight in that quarter. Gen. Coffee had been fighting for an hour against a greatly superior force, and Gen. Jackson now dispatched Jim Fife, the principal Creek chief in charge of the friendly warriors, to his relief. Gen. Coffee was severely wounded, but when the Indians came up, a general charge was made, and the hostiles were pursued about 3 miles. Gen. Coffee was shot through the body, and Maj. Donelson and three others were killed. The battle closed about the middle of the after- noon.

The battle over, the dead were collected and buried, the wounded given attention, and a temporary fortification thrown up about the camp. The main objects of the expedi- tion had been accomplished. The Indians had been diverted from any possible attempt to reenforce those against whom Gen. Floyd advanced on the Tallapoosa, and Fort Arm-

strong was relieved from possible attack. In front of Gen. Coffee's lines the bodies of 45 warriors were found. A like proportion were killed in other parts of the battle.

Although a victor at Imukfa, Gen. Jackson did not feel that he could, with his limited force, hold the ground taken, and without supplies nearer than Talladega, 40 miles dis- tant. His soldiers had only one day's rations, and his Indian troops none. For two days and two nights his horses had been without food, other than occasional grazing. He therefore resolved to fall back to Talladega. Litters were made from the skins of slain horses, on which the sick and wounded were carried. At 10 o'clock on the day following the battle, he began his return march, the troops in regular order, with sick and wounded in the center. That night they reached the village of Anatichapko, where they encamped.

See Anatichapko; Enitachopco, Battle of; Imukfa.

REFERENCES .- Eaton, Life of Jackson (1824), pp. 132-140; Frost, Life of Jackson (1847), pp. 205, 214; Parton, Life of Jackson (1861), vol. 1, pp. 486-491; Jenkins, Life of Jackson (1852), pp. 87, 88; Buell, History of Andrew Jackson (1904), vol. 1, pp. 318-321; Pickett, History of Alabama (Owen's ed. 1900), pp. 579-581.

EMUSSA. A Lower Creek town in Henry County, situated near the influx of Omussee Creek with the Chattahoochee River. Very little is known of its early history. It had 20 inhabitants in 1820. It is supposed to have been settled by the Yamasi, from whom it derived its name.

REFEREFCES .- Handbook of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 422; Tanner, Map of Alabama (1830).

ENDOWMENT RANK, K. OF P. Knights of Pythias.

See

ENITACHOPCO, BATTLE OF. A battle fought by Gen. Andrew Jackson with the Creek Indians at the Creek village of Ana- tichapko, January 24, 1814, and two days immediately following the battle of Emuck- fau. On the night of January 23, Gen. Jack- son's army, fresh from the victory over the Indians at Emuckfau, but almost destitute of supplies, encamped near the Creek Indian vil- lage of Anatichapko. The camp was on the south side of the creek of that name, and a quarter of a mile from the ford, at which they had previously crossed. The ford was a deep ravine between two hills covered with dense shrubbery. It afforded admirable opportunity for an ambuscade, and this Gen. Jackson so much feared, that another ford was found 600 yards below the first.

On the morning of January 24 the march was resumed. The litters with the wounded were placed just behind the first guards. The three columns of the right, the left and the center were commanded respectfully by Cols. Perkins, Nicholas T. Stump, and William Car- roll. The officers had been previously advised by orders as to the formation in case of an

533

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

attack on front, rear or flanks. As the move- ment began, the Indians in ambush, discover- ing the unexpected change of route, left their hiding places, advanced and fired upon Capt. Russell's company of spies which was bring- ing up the rear. The fire was returned, and the company gradually retired until it reached the rear guard. As the firing began, the ad- vance guard, the wounded and a part of the men were already across the creek, and the artillery was just entering it. Gen. Jackson himself was in the stream when he heard the firing commence. He at once had an aide to go forward and form a line for the protection of the wounded, and he himself turned back to the east bank. Here he discovered a most disgraceful condition. Nearly the entire rear guard, panic-stricken, had plunged into the stream and were making their way to the other bank. Only a small force of about 100 men remained on the east side, and their fighting was to prove an offset to the panic of the rest. The force left to bear the brunt were Capt. Russell's company of spies, about 25 of the rear guard under Col. Carroll and Capt. Quarles, and Lieut. Armstrong's artil- lery company. Capt. Quarles soon fell. These gallant men and their comrades, with the greatest heroism, contended against many times their number. The Indians appreciat- ing the situation, were jubilant because of the disorder. Lieut. Armstrong, at the first fire of the Indians, had ordered a part of his company to advance, take possession of a bill, and hold it with their muskets, while he and others dragged the six-pounder from the creek to the same point. The cannon, placed in position, poured a fire of grapeshot into the ranks of the enemy. Again it was loaded and fired, and by it and with the fire of muskets, the Creeks were driven back. An incident, here to be related, due to the hurry and con- fusion incident to the first moment of attack, admirably illustrates the daring and courage of the brave pioneer fighters. The rammer and pricker were left tied to the limber, but in spite of this mishap two of the gunners, Constantine Perkins and Craven Jackson, were equal to the emergency, Perkins using his musket in driving down the cartridges and Jackson using his ramrod in preparing them for the match. The artillery company suf- fered severely. Lieut. Armstrong fell severely wounded, exclaiming "my brave boys, some of you may fall, but you must save the cannon."

In the meantime Gen. Jackson and his staff had, by very great exertion, somewhat restored order, and detachments were sent across to support the small force so bravely holding the crossing. Capt. Gordon's com- pany of spies, which was leading the army and was well across the creek, now recrossed, striking the Indians on the left. Notwith- standing he was severely wounded at Emuck- fau, Gen. Coffee mounted bis horse, and was of great service to Gen. Jackson in stemming the tide of disaster, and encouraging the men to meet their duty. The tide of battle now began to turn. The Indians could not with- stand the increasing attacks. They broke at

all points and fled, throwing away blankets, packs and everything else impeding their flight. They were pursued more than 2 miles.

The losses of the Americans in the battles of Emuckfau and Enitachopko, were 20 killed and 75 wounded. Some of the latter died. According to Buell the loss of the Creeks in these two battles was 194 killed, and more than 200 wounded. The statement of Gen. Jackson is that the bodies of 189 Indians were found dead. He reported that only a guess could be made as to the number of wounded. In Eaton the statement is made that it was afterwards learned from prisoners that more than 200 warriors never returned from these engagements. The forces of the Creeks in each engagement were much less than the Americans. Pickett states that they had less than 500 warriors.

After burying the dead, Gen. Jackson re- sumed his march without molestation, and on January 27 arrived at Fort Strother. Not- withstanding their losses, and their conse- quent inability to pursue, the Indians are stated, by Pickett, to have looked upon the retrograde movement of Gen. Jackson into Fort Strother as indicating a victory for them. They boasted that they "whipped Capt. Jack- son and drove him to the Coosa River."

See Anatichopko, Emuckfau, Battle of; Imukfa.

REFERENCES .- Eaton, Life of Jackson (1824), pp. 140-147; Frost, Pictorial life of Jackson (1847), pp. 215-224; Parton, Life of Jackson (1861), vol. 1, pp. 491-497; Buell, Life of Jack- son (1904), vol. 1, pp. 320, 321; Pickett, His- tory of Alabama (Owen's ed., 1900), pp. 581- 584; and Jenkins, Life of Jackson (1852), pp. 88, 89.

ENSLEY LIBRARY. See Libraries.

ENSLEY SOUTHERN RAILWAY COM- PANY. See Southern Railway Company.

ENTERPRISE. Post office and incor- porated town in the eastern part of Coffee County, on the Elba branch of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, 18 miles southeast of Elba, about 35 miles west of Dothan, and about 40 miles south of Troy. Population: 1900-610; 1910-2,322; 1916-2,500. The present charter was granted by the legisla- ture February 21, 1899. The city boundaries are circular, having a radius of one mile, with the crossing of Carmichael and College Streets as the center. The city owns its jail, electric light plant, waterworks, and 512 miles of sanitary sewerage, constructed in 1913, at a cost of $15,000. It has a fire de- partment, established in 1902. Its bonded indebtedness consists of $62,000 municipal bonds, and $10,000 assessment bonds for sewerage. Its banking institutions are the First National, the Farmers & Merchants (State), and the Enterprise Banking Co. (State). The Enterprise Journal, a morning daily, except Monday, established in 1914- weekly edition established in 1913-and the People's Ledger, a semiweekly, established in 1898, both Democratic newspapers, are pub-

534

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

lished there. It has a cotton factory, a cot- tonseed oil mill, 2 fertilizer plants, 2 gin- nerles, 2 cotton warehouses, and between 40 and 50 stores of various kinds. Its educa- tional institutions are the Coffee County High School, city schools, free school for the cotton mill children, and free school for colored children. Its churches are the First Methodist Episcopal, South, Second Methodist Episcopal, South, First Baptist, Christian, Primitive Baptist, Holiness, 2 colored Meth- odist, 2 colored Baptist, 1 colored Holiness. The town has two small public parks and playgrounds, one containing three-fourths of an acre, and the other 114 acres.

The neighborhood was settled many years before the War, all the lands being owned by the Carmichael, Edwards and Bruner families, who gave land and financial assistance to establish the town when the railroad was built in 1890. The original settlement was located about 3 miles northeast of the present site, and was known as Drake Eye. The name was changed to Enterprise in 1884.

REFERENCES .- Local Acts, 1898-99, pp. 1193- 1210; Brewer, Alabama (1872), p. 186; North- ern Alabama (1888), p. 232; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 333.

ENTERPRISE COTTON MILLS, Enter- prise. See Cotton Manufacturing.

ENUMERATION. See Census; Legislature.

EPES. Post office and station on the Ala- bama Great Southern Railroad, and on the western bank of the Tombigbee River, in the eastern edge of Sumter County. Altitude: 120 feet. Population: 1888-400; 1900-331; 1910-374. It is incorporated. The Sumter Bank & Trust Co. (State) is located there, and the Epes Tribune, a weekly newspaper, established in 1915, is published in the town. Its industries are cotton ginneries and ware- house, blacksmith shop and wagon factory, and general stores. There are Baptist, and Methodist Episcopal, South, churches.

The town is located on the historic Jones' Bluff, where the United States Government maintained a post for trading with the Indians. Near this point stood Fort Tombik- bee, built by Capt. DeLussier, a French offi- cer, in 1735, by order of Gov. Bienville. It was afterward in the hands of the Spanish, the British, and again the Spanish until 1802, when the United States Government ac- quired all rights claimed by the Indians through a treaty negotiated by Gen. Wilkin- son with Pushmataha and Homastubbee, Indian chiefs. In 1816, Gen. Coffee, Col. McKee and John Rhea made a treaty with Pushmataha, Mushulatubbee and Puckshen- ubbee that gave all the Choctaw lands east of the Tombigbee to the United States.

REFERENCES .- Brewer, Alabama (1872), pp. 526-527; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 215; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 334; Ala- bama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.

EPIDEMICS. Diseases assuming epidemic proportions in Alabama in the past are yel-

low fever, smallpox, malarial fever, typhoid fever, spinal meningitis and infantile paraly- sis. The two last named have been strictly local, but the number of localities over the State in which cases were noted in 1916, caused considerable apprehension on the part of health officials in reference to the possi- bility of their general spread. The state board of health, in conjunction with the local boards of health, has been prompt in stamp- ing out epidemic diseases from their first ap- pearance. Strict quarantines are put in force in all cases. Placards or signs are dis- played on houses in which sick patients are confined. Smallpox patients are treated in hospitals, provided for that purpose by local authorities. The health authorities have con- ducted successful educational campaigns for the eradication of conditions favorable to epidemics.

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History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 102

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 756

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756