USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 114
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Yellow. See White.
Chus, Creek, Semotilus atromaculatus. River, Hybopsis kentuckiensis.
Crappie, Pomoris annularis.
Crawl-a-bottom, Hadropterus nigrofasciatus.
Crevalle, Carangus hippos.
Croaker, Micropogon undulatus.
Dace, black-nose, Rhinichthys atronasus. Flaming, Leuciscus flammeus. Red-bellied, Chrosomus erythrogaster oreas.
Darter, Alabama, Etheostoma alabama. Banded, Etheostoma zonale.
Black-banded. See Crawl-a-bottom.
Blob, Cottogaster uranidea.
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
Black-sided, Hadropterus aspro. Blenny, Etheostoma blennius. Blue, Etheostoma coruleum. Cold-water, Psychromaster tuscumbia. Copeland's, Cottogaster copelandi. Dusky, Hadr opterus scierus. Fan-tailed, Etheostoma flabellare. Green-sided, Diplesion blennioides. Hyaline, Crystallaria asprellum. Johnny, Boleosoma nigrum. Jordan's, Etheostoma jordani, Least, Microperca præliaris.
Red-lined, Etheostoma rufilineatum. Rock, Etheostoma rupestre. Sand, Ammocrpyta beanii. Srale-headed. Etheostoma squamiceps. Snub-nosed, Ulocentra simotera. Tuscumbia River. See cold water darter. Drum, black, Pogonias cromis. Red, Sciaenops ocellatus. Eel, Anguilla chrisypa.
Flounder gulf, Paralichthys albiguttus. Southern, Paralichthys lethostigmus. Gar, Lepisosteus osseus. Grunt, common, Haemulon plumieri. Red-mouthed, Bathystoma rimator. Grouper, black, Garrupa nigrita. Red, Epinephelus, morio. Hard tail, Carangus crysos. Herring, blue, Clupea chrysochloris. Horney-head, hog-mouthed, Hybopsis hyosto- mus.
Red-front, Hybopsis rubrifrons. Solitary, Hybopsis monachus. Killifish, white-lined, Fundulus albolineatus. Kingfish, Scomberomorus cavalla. Lady fish, Albula vulpes.
Mackerel, spanish, Scomberomorus maculatus. Mademoiselle, Bairdiella chrysura. Madtom, black, Schilbeodes funebris. Short-tailed, Schilbeodes miurus. Slender-spined, Schilbeodes leptacanthus. Slim, Schilbeodes exilis.
Menhaden, gulf, Brevoortia tyrannus tronus.
pa- Minnow, Cliola vigilar. Ericymba buccata. Beauty-fin, Notropis callistius. Big-eyed, Notropis ariommus. Blue, Notropis cæruleus.
Blunt-nose, Pimephales notatus. Horny-head, Notropis xænocephalus. Little-mouth, Opsopoeodus emilic. Long-nosed, Notropis longirostris. Milk-tailed, Notropis galacturus. Mountain-brook, Notropis spectrunculus. Red-cheeked, Notropis coccogenis. Rosy-finned, Notropis roseipinnis. Scarlet-banded, Notropis chrosomus. Shiny, Notropis stilbius. Shumard's, Notropis shumardi. Silber-fin, Notropis whipplei. Silvery, Hybognathus nuchalis. Small-finned, Notropis micropteryx. Spot-tail, Notropis cercostigma. Stargazer, Phenacobius uranops. Straw-colored, Notropis blennius. Sucker-like, Phenacobius catostomus. Top, Gambusia affinis. Tricilir, Notropis trichroistius. Whitish, Notropis leuciodus.
Mojarra, Gerres plumieri. Moonfish, Selene vomer. Mudfish or Dogfish, Amiatus calva. Mullet, common, Mugil cephalus. Perch, log, Percina caprodes. Pirate, Aphredoderus sayanus.
Pickerel, Chain, Esox reticulatus. Banded, Esox americanus. Little, Esox vermiculatus.
Pike, gar. See Gar. Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides.
Pompano, common, Trachinotus carolinus.
Pompon, Anisotremus surinamensis.
Porgy, southern, Stenotomus aculeatus.
Quillback, Carpiodes velifer. Red-breast, Lepomis auritus.
Redhorse, Morostoma macrolepidotum. Placopharynx duquesnei.
Rudder fish, Seriola zonata carolinensis. Sailor's choice, Orthopristis chrysopterus. Sea-bass, gulf, Centropristes ocyurus. Sea-trout, spotted. See Weakfish, spotted. Shell cracker, Lepomis holbrooki. Shad, Alabama, Alosa alabamae. Common, Alosa sapidissima.
Gizzard, Dorosoma cepedianum. Sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus. Shiner, Notemigonus Chrysoleucas. Hog-mouthed. See Horny-head. Red-fin, Notropis cornutus.
Red-front. See Horny-head. Solitary. See Horny-head. Spotted, Hybopsis dissimilis.
Sierra, Scomberomorus regalis. Silver-chub, Hybopsis amblops.
Silverside, brook, Labidesthes sicculus.
Skipjack, Pomolobus chrysochloris.
Snapper, gray, Lutianus griseus. Red, Lutianus aya. Speck, Ulocentra stigmæa. Spot, Leiostomus xanthurus. Squirrel fish, Diplectrum formosum.
Stone-lugger, Campostoma anomalum. Studfish, chain, Fundulus catenatus. Starry, Fundulus stellifer.
Sturgeon, shovel-nose, Scaphirhynchus pla- torynchus.
Sucker, Placopharynx duquesnei. Carp, Carpiodes difformis. Chub, Erimyzon sucetta.
Common, Catostomus commersonii.
Hog, Catostomus nigricans.
Rabbit-mouthed, Lagochila lacera.
Spotted, Minytrema melanops. White-nosed, Moxostoma anisurum. Sunfish. See Shell Cracker.
Lepomis miniatus. Long-eared, Lepomis megalotis.
Tarpon, Tarpon atlanticus. Ten pounder, Elops saurus. Thread fish, Alectis ciliaris.
Topminnow, belted, Fundulus cingulatus. Speckled, Fundulus notatus. Spotted, Fundulus guttatus. Trout, rainbow, Salmo irideus.
Warmouth, Chaenobryttus gulosus. Weakfish, bastard, Cynoscion nothus. Spotted, Cynoscion nebulosus.
Whiting, Menticirrus americanus. Surf, Menticirrus littoralis. Yellow tall, Ocyurus chrysurus.
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
REFERENCES .- Commissioner of Fisheries, Re-
the Confederate battle flag, it is found that port, 1888, pp. 271-378; Ibid, 1895, pp. 203-205; . it must be 48 inches square, with the arms Ibid, 1896, pp. 489-574; Ibid, 1899, pp. 105-169; of the cross 81/2 inches wide over all, that is, the blue arms with the white border. The law providing for the Alabama State flag more' irre that the arms shall not be less than 6 inches broad, with the further provision that they must "extend diagonally across the flag from side to side." The lat- ter is intended to mean that the bars must cross each other at right angles, and that the ends of the bars must divide equally at the corners. in the event a larger or smaller size should be desired, the measurements increase or diminish proportionately. Ibid, 1901, pp. 659-740; Ibid, 1913, pp. 411-481; U. S. Fish Commission, Bulletin for 1891, pp. 93-184; Ibid, Statistical Bulletin No. 305; Charles H. Gilbert, Report on explorations made in Alabama during 1889, with notes on the fishes of Tennessee, Alabama and Escamhia Rivers (U. S. Fish Commissioner, Bulletin, 1889, vol. 9, pp. 143-159); and L. Agassiz, "No- tice of a collection of fishes from the Southern Bend of the Tennessee River, Alabama," in American Journal of Science and Arts, 1854, 2d series, vol. 17; John H. Wallace, Jr., State Game and Fish Commissioner, Biennial Re- ports, 1907-1916, 5 vols. passim. The 5th report contains a list of 82 species.
FITZPATRICK. Post office and incorpo- rated town on the Central of Georgia Rail- road, in the northwest part of Bullock County, on Line Creek, 12 miles northwest of Union Springs, 28 miles southeast of Mont- gomery. Altitude: 262 feet. Population: 1880-250; 1890-357; 1900-447; 1910- 398. It was originally settled by a fine body of immigrants from Georgia, including the Fitzpatrick, Baldwin and Tompkins families.
REFERENCES .- Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 271; Brewer, Alabama (1872), pp. 240, 455-456; Garrett, Public men (1872); Northern Alabama (1888), p. 184.
FLAG, THE STATE. Emblem of the or- ganized sovereignty and authority of the commonwealth; and adopted by act of Feb- ruary 16, 1895. The following is the statu- tory description, carried forward into the Code of Alabama, 1907, vol. 1, sections 2058 and 2059:
"2058 (3751). Flag of the State .- The flag of the State of Alabama shall be a crim- son cross of St. Andrew on a field of white. The bars forming the cross shall not be less than six inches broad, and must extend di- agonally across the flag, from side to side."
"2059 (3752). When displayed .- The flag of the State shall be hoisted on the dome of the capitol when the two houses of the Legis- lature are in session, and shall be used by the State on all occasions when it may be necessary or customary to display a flag, ex- cept when, in the opinion of the governor, the national flag should be displayed."
The bill for the adoption of the flag was introduced by John W. A. Sanford, Jr., a member of the house of representatives from Montgomery County, 1894-95. From the description given and from local inquiry as to the form of the design submitted in con- nection with the original bill, the flag was intended by the author of the measure and by the Legislature to preserve, in permanent form, some of the more distinctive features of the Confederate battle flag, particularly the St. Andrew's cross. This being true, the flag should be square, and in all of Its lines and measurements should conform to the well-known battle flag of the Confederacy.
On referring to the regulations governing
The regulations for the Confederate hat- tle flag also provide for a horder of 11/2 inches. Therefore, the proper size for the Alabama State flag is 51 inches square over all, with the arms of the St. Andrew's cross 81/2 inches wide over all, extending diagon- ally across the flag from side to side, the ends of the bars dividing equally at the cor- ners.
REFERENCES .- Acts, 1894-95, p. 719; Code, 1907, secs. 2058 and 2059; Alabama Official and Sta- tistical Register, 1915, pp. 13-14.
FLAG LEGISLATION. Legislation de- signed to prevent the desecration, mutilation, or improper use of flags, and to prohibit the use of what is commonly known as the red flag. In Alabama there are two strong stat- utes on these subjects. The first was adopted September 4, 1915, and punishes as a mis- demeanor the placing or causing to he placed, of any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing, or any advertisement, of any nature, upon any flag, standard, color, or ensign of the United States, or upon the flag of the State, or the Confederate flag or ensign, as well as the manufacture, sale, or giving away of such flag or ensign, or of any article or substance of merchandise, or a receptacle for merchandise, or for carrying or transporting merchandise upon which has been printed, painted, attached, or otherwise placed any representation of such flag, on the article or substance for the purpose of advertising. The same statute provides like punishment for any one who shall publicly mutilate, deface, defy, trample upon, or cast contempt either by word or act, upon such flag or ensign, but the foregoing prohibitions do not apply to newspapers, periodicals, books, pamphlets, circulars, certificates diplomas, warrants, or commissions of ap- pointments to office, ornamental pictures, jewelry or correspondence stationery, on which the flag may be used, if not connected with an advertisement.
The second statute was passed February 15, 1919, and is designed to prevent the use of the red flag, or of any other flag, insignia, emblem, or device, representative of any na- tion, sovereignty, society, association, confer- ence, or organized or unorganized effort of any nation, which in its purposes, practices, official declarations or by its constitution, by- laws or regulations, espouses and advocates for the government of the people of the
Dr. Sims Home in Montgomery, Ala. before he went to New. York in 1853.
Officeof Dr. Marion orns in Montgomery, Ata. from 1840 to 1853. . " I bad a little hospital of night beds, built in a corner of the yard for taking care of my nieco patients and for neuro surgical ragesiand So when lucy come I gave her a bed. Here Luny, Betsyand Anarray were the first patients experimented upon anh cured."
a STORY OF MY LIFE.
Dr. Sims home at Mt. Meigs, Ala, before he moved to Montgomery in 1840. The small building in life rear is where he had his office.
SCENES CONNECTED WITH DR. J. MARION SIMS' EARLY PROFESSIONAL CAREER IN ALABAMA
Vol. 1-38
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
United States, or for those of any of its states, territories, or possessions, principles or theories of government, antagonistic to the constitution and laws of the United States, or to those of the constitution of Alabama, or to the form of the government thereof as now constituted. A fine of not less than $500 nor more than $5,000, in addition to imprisonment in the penitentiary for not exceeding ten years, is provided as punishment.
REFERENCES .- General Acts, 1915, p. 346; 1919, p. 76.
FLINT. Post office and station on the main line of the Louisville & Nashville Rail- road, in the northwestern part of Morgan County, on Flint Creek, about 7 miles south of Decatur. Altitude: 570 feet. Population: 1910-197. It was first settled in 1818, Jonathan Burleson being one of the earliest settlers.
FLINT RIVER. A tributary of the Ten- nessee River (q. v.), which empties into that stream on the right bauk, 125 miles below Chattanooga. The Flint is about 60 miles long; average width and depth not available; low-water discharge, 165 feet per second; and drainage area, 599 square miles. It takes its rise in Lincoln County, Tenn., and flows south wardly through Madison County, Ala., to its junction with the Tennessee River. Its course is through the high-mountain and low- valley section east of the Huntsville meridian. Most of the country was originally heavily timbered. The geologic formations found along its course are the Devonian black shale; the Lauderdale or Keokuk chert of the lower Subcarboniferous, and the Bangor limestones and Hartselle sandstones of the upper Sub- carboniferous.
The United States Government lists the Flint as a nonnavigable stream, though small steamboats ascend it for several miles during high stages of the Tennessee River, and rafts are floated out of the Flint during rises in that stream. No work of improvement has ever been undertaken by the Government with the view of improving the navigation or developing the water power of Flint River.
On December 6, 1820, an act of the Ala- bama Legislature was approved which desig- nated David Parker, Jonathan Burleson, and John Birdwell, or any two of them, to make a careful "review" of Flint River, from its mouth to the main fork therein, and report the practicabillty of its navigation, the dis- tance examined, and the expense necessary to improve the river for navigation. On the 20th of December an act was approved to in- corporate the Flint River Navigation Co. The incorporators were Fleming Jordan, George Taylor, James McCartney, John Sprowl, Stephen Pond, John P. Brown, John Grayson, Dial Perry, David Walker, Ebenezer Byram, Stephen McBroom, William Derrick, and David Cobb, and they were authorized to im- prove the navigation of the Flint River in Madison County, from Capt. Scott's Mills to the Tennessee River. Section 2 of the act
provided a penalty of $3 for each day a tree cut or felled into the stream so as to obstruct navigation was allowed to remain, the pro- ceeds of such fine to be applied to the improvement of the river.
It does not appear that much, if any, work was done under either of these acts. In any event, there was none of sufficient permanence to affect the navigation or other characteris- tics of the stream at the present time.'
REFERENCES .- Acts, 1820, pp. 33, 70; Betts, Early history of Huntsville (1916).
FLOMATON. Post office and incorporated town in the southern edge of Escambia County, on Escambia Creek about 4 miles north of its confluence with the Conecuh River, and on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 13 miles southwest of Brewton, 44 miles north of Pensacola, Fla., and 60 miles northeast of Mobile. Altitude: 100 feet. Population: 1910-539. It was incorporated in 1908, under the municipal code of 1907. The town began as a railroad junction, and was for years known as Pensacola Junction.
REFERENCES .- Northern Alabama (1888), p. 235; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 353; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.
FLORA. See Forests and Forestry; Plant Life; Timber and Timber Products.
FLORALA. Incorporated town and junc- tion of the Central of Georgia Railway and the Florala branch of the Louisville & Nash- ville Railroad, in the southeastern part of Covington County, about 65 miles southwest of Dothan, 30 miles west of Geneva, and about 25 miles southeast of Andalusia. It is just within the Alabama line, hence its com- posite name. Altitude: 214 feet. Popula- tion: 1910-2,439. The Bank of Florala (State) is located there, and the Florala News-Democrat, a weekly established in 1900, is published in the town. It is the location of the Covington County High School. Its industries consist mainly of lumber and agri- cultural interests.
FLORENCE. County seat of Lauderdale County, situated on the north side of the Tennessee River, near the lower or western end of Muscle Shoals, about 3 miles north of Sheffield, about 5 miles northeast of Tus- cumbia, 162 miles southeast of Memphis, 172 miles west of Chattanooga, and 232 miles northwest of Montgomery. It is on the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad and the Southern Railway. Altitude: 506 feet. Population: 1850-802; 1860-1,395; 1870-2,003; 1880 -2,000; 1890-6,012; 1900-6,478; 1910- 6,689. The town was laid out in 1818, and was first incorporated by act of January 7, 1826. It adopted the municipal code in 1907, and the commission form of government in October, 1914. The corporate limits are irregular and include parts of secs. 2, 3, 4, 11, 15, and 16, T. 3, Rs. 10 and 11 W. It has a city hall which cost $15,000, a jail, privately owned gas and electric light plants, a volun- teer fire department with auto truck and paid
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land is the southwestern terminus of the driver, 5 miles sanitary sewerage costing $80,000, 25 miles of concrete sidewalks, municipally owned waterworks system costing $185,000, to which is now being added a fil- tration plant to cost $35,000, 15 miles mod- ern macadamized streets and several miles more in process of improvement, and 5 miles of electric street-car line installed in 1903. Its tax rate is 5 mills, and its bonded in-
debtedness, $430,000-$170,000 general, $210,000 water, and $50,000 school bonds. Its banking institutions are the First Na- tional, and the Alabama Trust & Savings Bank (State). The Florence Herald, estab- lished in 1884, the Florence Times, estab- lished in 1890, both Democratic weeklies, and the Bulletin of the Florence State Nor- mal School, a quarterly, established in 1911, are published there. Its industries are 2 cot- ton mills, a large wagon factory, a fertilizer plant, an ice plant, 2 stove foundries, an iron furnace, 2 sawmills, a cottonseed oil mill, 3 cotton ginneries, 3 cotton warehouses, a machine shop, a steam laundry, gristmills, lumber yards and planing mills, cement block factory, and brick kiln. Its educational in- stitutions consist of a city high school, city grammar schools, a State normal school, the Presbyterian Synodical College, the Baptist University for Women, and the Burrell Nor- mal School for negroes. The city maintains a park of 250 acres of woodland, and a small park in the center of the town. There are churches of the following denominations: 3 Methodist Episcopal, South, 2 Presbyterian, 2 Baptist, 1 Catholic, 1 Episcopalian, 1 Chris- tian Science, and several negro churches of various denominations.
In 1818 the Cypress Land Co. bought from the Government the land upon which the city now stands, laid off the town in half-acre lots, one of which was bought by Gen. Andrew Jackson, and another by ex-President Mon- roe. Gen. Coffee owned a plantation and a handsome home about 3 miles north of town. The proceeds from the sale of the city lots amounted to $319,513. The town was named by Ferdinand Sanona, an Italian surveyor who laid it out. By 1820 its people had built many large brick warehouses and other build- ings along the river, and 100 frame dwellings farther back, had erected a handsome colonial courthouse and established two large taverns, while a weekly newspaper, "The Florence Gazette," had been founded, and continued to be published for many years. The Jackson military road forms a boulevard through the city. The road crossed the Tennessee River by means of a ferry, on the site of which the first bridge was built in 1840. It was par- tially destroyed by a tornado in 1854, and its destruction completed by the flood of 1855. In 1858 the first railroad bridge was com- pleted. It was destroyed during the War. It was later replaced by a combination railroad and wagon bridge.
Among the earliest settlers of Florence were the Coffee, Keys, J. Jackson, Ives, Powers, Irwin, Weakly, Peters, Rice, Mc- Donald, Jones, Boddy, Mitchell, Morgan,
O'Neal, Rivers, Walker, Moore, Patton, Price, Watson, Smith, and Wood families. In 1834, N. M. Hentz and wife, Caroline Lee Hentz the author, established a school for girls. This school subsequently was absorbed by the Synodical Female College.
REFERENCES .- Acts, 1825-26, pp. 70-73; Berney, Handbook (1892), p. 357; Brewer, Alabama (1872), p. 295; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 288; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 353; Trotwood's Magazine, vol. 2, May 1906; Ala- bama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.
FLORENCE AND NASHVILLE RAIL- ROAD COMPANY. See Louisville and Nash- ville Railroad Company.
FLORENCE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. A "Class A" normal school, established by the old State board of education, December 14, 1872, on the foundation of the old Flor- ence Wesleyan University. It is the oldest of the State normal schools. The objects of the several normal schools of the State are "the education and training of teachers for the elementary rural and small-town schools of Alabama." They are required to cooperate to the fullest degree with such schools "in the counties in which they are situated and they shall have the charge and oversight of one or more elementary schools located conveniently to their school plants, which they shall use to demonstrate in a most practical and concrete way what the modern rural school should be and do for the community which it serves, and for ob- servation and practice teaching."
It is under the control of the State nor- mal school board, organized under act of April 18, 1911, made up of the governor and the superintendent of education ex-officio, and six others, appointed by the governor, charged with the "government, regulation and control of the several white normal schools." A uniform course of study, edu- cational standards and ideals is required for these schools. All officers and teachers are elected and their salaries fixed by the board.
The counties of Colbert, Cullman, Fayette, Franklin, Jackson, Jefferson, Lamar, Lauder- dale, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Marion, Morgan, Shelby, Walker and Winston have been assigned by the board to the normal school at Florence, and to which it is re- quired to confine its advertising and other activities. However, students from other sections of the State may attend if desired. The courses of study are adopted by the board, as stated, but the organization of such courses, the development of special depart- ments and the working out of ideals are committed to the president and faculty. The academic work covers a four year course in chemistry, physics, biology, geology, agriculture, English, history and mathe- matics. In the professional departments in- struction is offered in the history of educa- tion, psychology and child study, school supervision, methods and other pedagogical subjects. Vocal music, drawing, manual training, domestic science and domestic art
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HISTORY OF ALABAMA
are also offered. The training school is pri- marily designed to furnish young teachers an opportunity to apply, in a practical man- ner, methods and principles of education which, up to this point, they have had as theory alone. The senior classes are given practice teaching in the lower elementary grades in the Florence public schools.
The school buildings consist of a main three-story brick structure, originally built for the Florence Wesleyan University, a three-story annex of recent construction, and a dormitory for women. These buildings are equipped with all necessary facilities for instruction in the various departments, in- cluding offices, chapel, laboratory, training school and other class rooms, literary soci- ety halls, manual training shops, music rooms and domestic science and art quar- ters. The laboratories include apparatus for full courses in science, including a biological laboratory. Young
Men's and Young Women's Christian
Associations maintain healthy organizations. Four literary socie- ties, the Dialectical and La Fayette for men, and the Browning and Dixie for young wom- en, are formed among the students. They have separate halls, and their work is of wholesome influence. The following loan funds are provided: Richardson loan fund founded by Mrs. Julia Richardson to assist worthy young men and women; Rice memorial loan fund, established by the alumni association in memory of Prof. S. P. Rice, first president of the school, and loaned in amounts not to exceed $50.00 to worthy students who have been in attendance for at least one year; and the Dialectical La- Fayette loan fund, established by the two literary societles of the names and loaned to worthy members. An alumni association was organized in 1880, to promote fellow- ship and to insure union among the gradu- ates of the school by providing opportunity for the renewal of friendships, for social re- unions, for literary exercises, etc.
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