History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 79

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756

USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I > Part 79

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

See Banking; Banks and Banking; Canals; Cities and Towns; Cotton Manufacturing; Equalization, State Board of; Industry; In- surance; Insurance, Department of; Insur- ance, Fraternal; Internal Improvements; Manufacturing and Manufactures; Public Service Commission, The Alabama; Public Utilities; Railroads; Street Railways; Taxa- tion and Revenue; Telegraph Service; Tele- phone Service.

REFERENCES .- Constitution, 1861, art. 3, secs. 29-32; Ibid, 1865, art. 1, sec. 25, art. 4, secs. 38, 40; Ibid, 1868, art. 1, sec. 25, art. 9, sec. 2, art. 13, secs. 1-15; Ibid, 1875, art. 14; Ibid, 1901, secs. 22-23, 79, 89, 93-94, 104, 108, 217-218, 220- 255; Code, 1852, secs. 1373-1518; Ibid, 1907, secs. 1046-1460, 2182, 2391-2412, 3445-3661, 4311, 6112, 6623-6630; Acts, 1819, 1820, 1821, passim; 1844-45, p. 49; 1845-46, pp. 42, 44; 1848, passim; 1849-50, pp. 54-62 and index; 1851-52, pp. 43, 44, 45-49, and inder; General Acts, 1907, special sess., p. 200; Acts, 1909, special sess., pp. 19, 107, 168, 321; General Acts, 1911, pp. 145, 170-172, 327- 329, 403, 452-457, 564, 576; Ibid, 1915, pp. 52, 256, 268-270, 377-379, 396-399, 607, 866-867, 945, 946; Mclaughlin and Hart, Cyclopedia of Amer- ican government; Armistead Brown, "Alabama's corporation law," in Ala. State Bar Association,

406

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Proceedings, 1905, pp. 154-180; Bates & Hines v. Bank of the State of Ala., 2 Ala., p. 451; Mayor, etc., of Mobile v. Yuille, 3 Ala., p. 137; Smith v. Ala. Life Ins. & Trust Co., 4 Ala., p. 558; We- tumpka & Coosa R. R. Co. v. Bingham, 5 Ala., p. 657; Selma & Tenn. R. R. Co. v. Tipton, Ibid, p. 787; Ready & Banks, Ex'rs. v. Mayor, etc., Tuscaloosa, 6 Ala., p. 327; State v. Estabrook, Ibid, p. 653; Montgomery R. R. Co. use, etc., v. Hunt, 9 Ala., p. 513; Battle v. Corporation of Mobile, Ibid, p. 234; Harwood v. Humes, 9 Ala., p. 659; Allen et al. v. Montgomery R. R. Co., 11 Ala., p. 437; Paschall v. Whitsett, Ibid, p. 472; Murphy v. City Council of Montgomery, Ibid, p. 586; Mayor, etc., v. Allairs, 14 Ala., p. 400; Goodwin et al v. McGehee et al., 15 Ala., p. 232; Mobile & Cedar Point R. R. Co. v. Talman & Ralston, Ibid, p. 472; Duke v. Cahawba Nav. Co., 16 Ala., p. 372; Jemison v. P. & M. Bank of Mobile, 23 Ala., p. 168; Smoot v. Mayor, etc., of Wetumpka, 24 Ala., p. 112; Stein v. Burdin, Ibid, p. 130; State ex rel Waring v. Mayor, etc., of Mobile, Ibid, p. 701; Ala. & Tenn. Rivers R. R. Co. v. Kidd, 29 Ala., p. 221; Mobile & Ohio R. R. Co. v. The State, Ibid, p. 573; Rives v. Mont- gomery South Plankroad Co., 30 Ala., p. 92; Ex parte Burnett, Ibid, p. 461; City Council of Montgomery v. Wetumpka Plank Road Co., 31 Ala., p. 76; Grand Lodge of Alabama v. Wad- dill, 36 Ala., p. 313; Morris v. Hall, 41 Ala., p. 510; Mayor of Mobile v. Stonewall Ins. Co., 53 Ala., p. 570; Ala. Gold Life Ins. Co. v. Cent. Agr. & Mech. Asso., 54 Ala., p. 73; Agnew v. Hale County, Ibid, p. 639; Tuscaloosa S. & A. Asso. v. State, 58 Ala., p. 54; Lehman v. Warner, 61 Ala., p. 232; Railroad Co. v. Nicholas, 98 Ala., p. 124; Sullivan v. Sullivan, 103 Ala., p. 374; Mary Lee Co. v. Knox & Co., 110 Ala., p. 632; Corey v. Wadsworth et al, 118 Ala., p. 488; State v. Bible Society, 134 Ala., p. 632; Jones v. N. C. & St. L. Ry. Co., 141 Ala., p. 388; Bessemer, City of v. Bessemer Waterworks Co., 142 Ala., p. 391; Cole v. B'ham Un. Ry. Co., 143 Ala., p. 427; Med. College of Ala. v. Sowell, Ibid, p. 494; Crow v. Florence Co., Ibid, p. 541; Vaughan v. Ala. Bank, Ibid, p. 572; Alabama Girls' Indus- trial School v. Reynolds, Ibid, p. 585; Bernstein v. Kaplan, 150 Ala., p. 222; L. & N. R. R. Co. v. Gray, 154 Ala., p. 156; North B'ham Lum. Co. v. Sims & White, 157 Ala., p. 595; Mobile Light Co. v. Mackay, 158 Ala., p. 51; Gulf Compress Co. Ibid, p. 343; Boone v. The State, 170 Ala., p. 57.

CORUNDUM, ASBESTOS, AND SOAP- STONE. Nonmetal minerals that are very commonly associated together, and with dikes of basic igneous rocks.

Corundum .-- The principal corundum de- posits are in Tallapoosa County, near Easton, 2 or 3 miles west of Dudleyville; and near the Tallapoosa River, several miles south of Alexander City. However, many fine crystals have been obtained from the vicinity of Han- over, in Coosa County. While the neighbor- ing rocks in all these localities are perido- tites, the masses of corundum are mostly found loose in the soil.

Asbestos .- A substance not uncommon In all the regions where corundum is found, but

neither its quantity nor its quality has given it commercial importance.

Soapstone .- This is of much wider distri- bution than its two associated minerals. It is found in all the counties of the metamor- phic region. In Tallapoosa, Chambers, and Randolph Counties it appears as a greenish schistose rock, consisting of a felt or mesh of actinolite crystals and soapstone, evidently the result of the alteration of some other rock of igneous origin. It is frequently stud- ded with garnets sometimes half an inch or more in diameter. It is used as headstones, hearthstones, etc., being split or sawed into thin slabs for the purpose. Soapstone of an- other kind is of a grayish brown color and free from garnets. This stone was much used by the aborigines in making utensils, such as bowls, pots, jars, etc. Fragments of this kind of pottery have been found in many locali- ties. There is an old quarry of this rock on Coon Creek, near the Tallapoosa River, iu Tallapoosa County, where the Indians made their utensils by shaping them out while still attached to the general mass, and breaking them off when finished. The Alabama Depart- ment of Archives and History has several handsome specimens of soapstone vessels made in this way. Soapstone slahs from Chambers County have been used for lining the lime kilns at Chewacla, for the facing of bakeovens, and for copper ore furnaces at Wood's copper mine.

REFERENCE .- Smith and McCalley, Index to mineral resources of Alabama (Geol. Survey of Ala., Bulletin 9, 1904), pp. 60-61.

COSA. As ahoriginal town at the mouth of Talladega Creek, in Talladega county, one and one-half miles northwest of Childersburg on the Central of Georgia Railway. The place was first visited by DeSoto, who arrived there on July 16, remaining until August 20, 1540. He found It in a flourishing condition, with much provisions, as well as food for the animals. Tristan de Luna's expedition visited Cosa in June or July 1560, and remained three months. He found it a town of thirty houses with a neighborhood of small villages. De Pardo in 1566 found the district pop- ulous and fertile, and the town a "pueblo," having 150 people, situated in low rich ground in a break of the mountains and sur- rounded by many other large places.

It was a border town as well as the head- town of the Province of Cosa, which extended through Hoith le walli to the Province of Talisi on the South. That the Cosas were a really numerous people is indicated by the fact that at the time of the visit of the De- Luna expedition, there were 300 warriors in the party whom the Spaniards accompanied on a campaign against the Napochies on the Mississippi River. Friendly Indians declared that there were 6,000 or 7,000 warriors in the party from the several towns on Coosa River, who had assembled against De Pardo. The country was found uninhabitated away from the immediate neighborhood of Cosa by the

407

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Major of the DeLuna Expedition, who sent out several scouting parties. The people of Cosa are thought to he identical with the Con- shacs of the French, the name meaning "cane," "reed" or "reedbrake." This name may have been suggested from the flora of the country into which the first people came, as at much later dates this condition seems characteristic of the region. The writers of the DeSoto and other expeditions, make spe- cial reference to this feature of the plant life, and to the wild fruit and nuts. The section abounded in corn, beans, wild plums, musca- dines, grapes, crab apples, hickory nuts and walnuts.

Adair says that the town, about 1775, was a place of refuge for "those who kill un- designedly." That the place exerted a far reaching influence, is proven by the fact that the Upper Creeks were frequently referred to as the Coosas. When William Bartram visited the place in the same year he found it in ruins. ·

Remains of the old town are yet to be seen, but these evidences are largely found a half mile back from the original town site, and these also show indications of European con- tact. After 1775 many of the former in- habitants had left the town, and were living with the Abikudshl and the Natchez farther up on Tallassehatche Creek.

REFERENCES .- Narratives of DeSoto (Trail makers series, 1904), Vol. 1, p. 81-84, vol. 2, pp. 16 and 112, 113; Lowery, The Spanish settle- ments, 1513-1561 (1901), p. 364; Handbook American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 736; D. M. Andrews, "DeSoto's route," in American An- thropologist, 1917, vol. 19, pp. 55-67; Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 402.

COSTE. An aboriginal town believed to have been located at the head of Woods Is- land, one of the large islands in the Ten Island Shoals, just above Lock 3, Coosa River, St. Clair County. Numerous evidences of a town site are still to be found. A ford used in historic times crossed the river at this point. De Soto spent a week there in July 1540.

REFERENCES .- Narratives of De Soto (Trail makers serles, 1904), vol. 1, pp. 78, 79, vol. 2, pp. 15, 109; D. M. Andrews, "DeSoto's route," in American Anthropologist, 1917, vol. 19, pp. 55-67; and manuscript data, in the Alabama Department of Archives and History.

COTACO COUNTY. See Morgan County.

COTTON. The most important factor In the economics of Alabama, both from the standpoint of agriculture and of manufac- tures. In 1909 cotton was 60.3 per cent of the total crop values in the State, and the manufacture of cotton goods and small wares represented a larger invested capital than any other industry, exceeding the next largest by more than two and one-half million dollars. The number of acres in cotton in 1909 was 3,730,482, exceeding the acreage of corn, which ranked second, by 1,157,514. The cot- ton acreage exceeded the total acreage of corn,

oats, wheat and rye by 886,136, and consti- tuted 38.5 per cent of all the improved land in the State. Alabama's acreage formed 11.6 per cent of the total cotton acreage of the coun- try. Eighty-six out of every one hundred farms in the State reported the production of some cotton. Alabama was third on the list of cotton-growing States, being exceeded by Texas and Georgia.

In the production of cotton during 1915, Alabama ranked fourth, yielding third place to South Carolina. The cotton crop of the State was 1,025,818 bales, exclusive of linters, equal to 9.1 per cent of the total ginned in the country. Of linters the crop was 74,025 bales. The crop was ginned by 2,753 gin- neries; and 379 ginneries were reported idle during the year. Statistics of acreage and value of crop are not available. Every county in the State produced cotton in 1915, Mont- gomery leading with 31,112 bales, and Mobile County coming last with 142. There were four counties whose production for the year exceeded 30,000 hales-Madison, Montgom- ery, Pike, and Talladega; five whose produc- tion was 25,000 bales and less than 30,000- Barbour, Chambers, Limestone, Marshall, and Morgan; sixteen, 20,000 and less than 25,000 -Calhoun, Cherokee, Coffee, Cullman, Dale, DeKalb, Elmore, Geneva, Henry, Houston, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Lee, Macon, Russell, and Tallapoosa; six, 15,000 and less than 20,- 000-Blount, Bullock, Clay, Dallas, Etowah, and Randolph; fifteen, 10,000 and less than 15,000-Chilton, Colbert, Coosa, Crenshaw, Fayette, Franklin, Jackson, Lamar, Lowndes, Marengo, Marion, Monroe, St. Clair, Shelby, and Tuscaloosa; twelve, 5,000 and less than 10,000-Autauga, Butler, Cleburne, Coving- tou, Hale, Jefferson, Perry, Pickens, Sumter, Walker, Wilcox and Winston; nine less than 5,000-Baldwin, Bibb, Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh, Escambia, Green, Mobile and Wash- Ington.

Development of the Industry .- The earliest available figures regarding cotton production in Alabama are in the United States census reports for 1840. They show that the State produced 117,138,823 pounds of cotton, ap- proximately 234,278 bales. Data showing the proportion of the State's production to the total crop of the United States, and the ratio between the production of different crops in the State are not given.

Alabama produced 225,771,600 pounds of cotton in 1850, equivalent to 451,543 bales, which was 23.08 per cent of the production in the entire country. This represented an increase over the crop of 1840 of 92.74 per cent. The average production per acre was 525 pounds. There were 16,100 plantations in the State which produced more than five bales of cotton in that year. Every one of the 52 counties in 1850 produced some cot- ton except Mobile County, Tuscaloosa leading with 58,848 bales, Dallas coming second with 28,220, Marengo third with 26,396, Macon fourth with 23,271, Greene fifth with 20,544, Montgomery sixth with 20,260, the remain- ing counties having a production of less than

408

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

20,000 each. By 1850 the manufacture of cotton products had attained considerable importance in Alabama. The first cotton mill had been erected in Madison County in 1832. (See Cotton Manufacturing and also Manu- facturing and Manufacturers.) In 1850 there were 12 such mills, using 5,208 bales of cot- ton during the year, whose finished products were worth $382,260. These mills gave em- ployment to 715 persons. Another industry closely related to cotton culture was the manufacture of cotton-ginning machinery which was begun in Alabama in 1838 with the founding of the Daniel Pratt Gin Co's. (q. v.) factory in Autauga County.

The State produced 791,964 bales of cotton in 1860, an increase over 1850 of 75.31 per cent, while the production of the United States increased during the same period by 120.26 per cent. There was only one county which raised 50,000 bales or more, Dallas with 50,728. Five counties produced 40,000 and less than 50,000 bales-Greene, Lowndes, Marengo, Montgomery, and Wilcox; five, 30,- 000 and less than 40,000-Barbour, Macon, Perry, Pickens, and Russell; two, 20,000 and less than 30,000-Sumter and Tuscaloosa. All the 52 counties produced some cotton, Mobile County contributing the smallest quantity, 282 bales.

During the decade, 1860-1870, agricultural conditions in the State underwent a radical change. Ante bellum methods had to be abandoned and a system devised to fit the new situation. The devastation caused by the War and the resultant destruction of local capital were largely responsible for the re- tardation of cotton production; but the most potent factor was the complete change in the status of farm labor wrought by the emanci- pation of the slaves. The proportion of labor required for the culture of cotton is greater than for most other crops, and the planta- tion system obtaining previous to 1861, was founded upon a plentiful supply of cheap and efficient labor, peculiarly adapted to the cul- tivation and gathering of cotton which were done largely by hand. After 1865 labor was less readily obtainable, less efficient, and less reliable. All these things and various other conditions operated to reduce, not only the acreage planted in cotton, but also the average yield. The total crop of the State in 1870 was 343,586 bales, a decrease of 56.62 per cent from the production in 1860. Despite the decreased production, the value of cotton goods manufactured in the State in 1870 showed a slight increase, being $1,088,767 as compared with $1,040,147 in 1860, a gain of 4.7 per cent. However, this gain was due to an increased price rather than a larger quantity of manufactures. Montgomery County led with 20,414 bales, and Baldwin came last with 70 bales. All of the 65 coun- ties existing in 1870 produced some cotton, but none, except Montgomery County, as much as 20,000 bales.

The census of 1880 included much more detailed data in regard to agriculture than previous censuses, and for that reason forms

a basis for a much more comprehensive and thorough study of the cotton industry of the State. In 1880, for the first time, cotton acreage was reported, and the ratio between it and the total cultivated acreage in the State. The Alabama crop for 1880 was 664,- 671 bales, an increase over 1870 of 321,085 bales, or 93.45 per cent. The crop of the State formed 12.16 per cent of the total crop of the country. There were 2,330,086 acres in cotton, equal to 37.99 per cent of the cul- tivated land in the State, and the average production was 429 pounds an acre. The lint and seed produced, also reported for the first time, amounted respectively to 166,168, and 332,336 tons. The value of cotton goods manufactured in the State in 1880 was $1,- 352,099, an increase over 1870 of $263,332. In this instance the increase in quantity of manufactured products was probably con- siderably more than indicated by the increase in value, as the price was much lower in 1880 than in 1870, and there were 18 cotton factories in operation in the former year as against 11 in the latter.

According to the census reports of 1890, the total area in Alabama devoted to the cul- tivation of cotton in 1889 was 2,761,165 acres and the total production 436,555,170 pounds, or 889,550 bales, an increase in area, over the previous census year, of 431,079 acres, or 18.5 per cent, and in production, 204,879 bales, or 30.82 per cent. The average yield per acre in 1889 was 16.24 per cent greater than in 1879. Only 7 of the 66 counties in 1889 had less than 10,000 acres in cotton, 21 reporting over 50,000 acres, 19 from 25,- 000 to 50,000, and 19 from 10,000 to 25,000 acres. In 6 counties at least 20 per cent of the entire land surface was under cotton, Montgomery and Lowndes leading with 24.78 per cent, and 24.57 per cent, respectively. Of the 66 counties in the State, all of which produced some cotton, 54 showed an Increase in 1889 over 1879 both in acreage and pro- duction, 4 a decrease in both, 4 an increase in acreage with a decrease in production, and 4 a decrease in acreage with an increase in production. It will be observed that produc- tion in 1889 showed a much greater percent- age of increase over that of 1879 than did the acreage upon which the cotton was grown. This is explained partly by improved methods of cultivation, but mainly by the increasing use of fertilizers, both those produced on the farms and those known as commercial fer- tilizers. The amount expended on fertilizing material in 1889 was $2,421,648, an increase, according to census reports, of 101.64 per cent over 1879. In 1890 there were 13 cot- ton-goods manufactories in Alabama whose products were valued at $2,190,771. During the decade, 1880-1890, the manufacture of fertilizer made notable progress in the State, and because of its effect upon the average yield of cotton, is noticed here. In 1890 there were eight commercial fertilizer factories whose product was worth $765,000. During the same decade the manufacture of by- products of cotton, such as cottonseed oil and

409

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

cake, attained considerable importance

among the State's industries. The number of such plants in 1890 was 9, and the value of their products $1,203,989.

There were 141,965 farms in Alabama in 1900 which derived their principal income from cotton, being 63.6 per cent of all the farms in the State. The total number of acres under cotton in 1899 was 3,202,135, which produced 1,093,697 bales of fiber worth $37,004,598, and 534,413 tons of seed worth $5,065,079, making the total value of the crop $42,069,677, or 59.5 per cent of the value of all crops of the State, and 11.3 per cent of the total value of the cotton crop of the entire country. The average value of cotton per acre in Alabama was $13.14 as compared with an average value for all crops of $10.41 an acre. The average value per pound of fiber was 7 cents, and per ton of seed, $9.48. The increase in total acreage in 1899 over 1889 was 440,970 acres, or 15.97 per cent, and in production, 204,147 bales, or 22.95 per cent. These increases gave Ala- bama third place among cotton-producing States in acreage, with 13.2 per cent of the whole, and fourth place in production, with 11.6 per cent of the whole. The average yield per acre of cotton raised by white farm- ers in 1899, expressed in 500-pound bales, was 0.392 for owners, 0.361 for cash tenants, and 0.368 for share tenants. The correspond- ing yields among negro farmers were, 0.314 for owners, 0.298 for cash tenants, and 0.325 for share tenants. The amount spent for fertilizers on the farms of the State was $2,599,290 in 1899, an increase of $178,642 over 1889. In cotton production in 1899, Dallas County ranked first with 48,273 bales, Lowndes County second with 39,839, Mont-

gomery County third with 39,202, and Marengo County fourth with 38,392. There were 9 counties reporting more than 30,000 bales, 14 reporting between 20,000 and 30,- 000 bales, 20 reporting between 10,000 and 20,000 bales, and 23 less than 10,000 bales. All the 66 counties reported some cotton pro- duced, Mobile County having the smallest crop-116 bales. There were 31 cotton manufacturing establishments in Alabama in 1900, which used 134,371 bales, or 67,987,- 299 pounds of cotton, and made products worth $8,153,136. The number of establish- ments manufacturing by-products of cotton was 27, using 172,093 tons of cottonseed valued at $2,019,085, an average of $11.73 a ton, and turning out products with an aggre- gate value of $2,952,254, consisting

of 6,704,951 gallons of oil, which at an average price of 22.7 cents a gallon, was worth $1,- 520,834; 60,389 tons of cake and meal worth, at an average price of $17.82 a ton, $1,076,- 150; 80,167 tons of hulls, at an average price of $2.72, worth $217,925; 4,331,016 pounds of linters, at an average price of 3.2 cents, worth $137,345. The total value of commer- cial fertilizers manufactured in the State in 1899 was $2,068,162, an increase over 1890 of $1,303,162 or 170.35 per cent.

Recent Development .-

On April 15, 1910, there were 262,901 farms in Alabama. Of these 224,871 reported the production of cotton, the total cotton acreage being 3,730,482, from which 1,129,- 527 bales of fiber, worth $74,205,236, were harvested. The percentages of increase over 1899 were 16.5 in acreage, 3.28 per cent in production, and 100.53 per cent in value. The total value of the cotton fiber and seed produced in Alabama in 1909 was $87,008,- 432, compared with $42,069,677 in 1899, an increase of $44,938,755, or 106.8 per cent. In 1909, also, every county in the State re- ported some cotton raised. Montgomery County led in acreage with about 157,000 acres, and Dallas stood second with about 153,000 acres. The acreage of cotton de- creased from 1899 to 1909 in Walker, Jef- ferson, St. Clair, Pickens, Sumter, Greene, Hale, Dallas, and Lowndes.

Boll Weevil .- Since 1910 the cotton in- dustry has been greatly affected by a new, and at the same time the most destructive of all insect pests. The Mexican boll weevil entered the State in the western part of Mobile County during the season of 1910 and has gradually spread from year to year until a considerable proportion of the cotton- growing area is infested. In the effort to forestall the ravages of the pest, a propa- ganda was instituted for the systematic re- duction of acreage, diversification of crops, improvements in farming methods, especially in cotton culture, and noticeable results have been obtained in all these particulars. The advent of the weevil has not, therefore, proved an unmixed evil, for along with a re- duction of acreage, and a possible decrease in the total production, has gone an increase in the average quantity of cotton produced on an acre of land, to say nothing of the benefits to the farmers and the improved economic conditions derived from diversification of crops and the stimulation of livestock raising on Alabama farms.

Statistics .- While complete statistics are not available to show the quantity, the aver- age price and the value of cotton handled in various towns and cities of the State, yet an idea of the general conditions may be ob- tained from the appended statements of the cotton handled at Selma during each of the years, 1820 to 1870.

No. Bales

Av.

Year

Price

1820

4,000

20c

1829.

4,000

9 c

1830.

5,000

10c

1831

6,000

10c

1832

7,000

1833

8,000

11c

1834.

10,000

11c

1835.

12,000

13c

1836

12,000

17c

1837.

13,000

19c

1838.

14,000

11c

1839 10,000

11c

1840.

15,000

14c

1841.

17,000

12c

410

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Av.

Year

19,000

1862.

.58,000

18c

1843.

. 19,000

7 c

1863.

. 41,000

20c

1844.

22,000

10c

1864.

37,000

19c

1845.

27,000

10c

1865

. 38,000

30c

1846.

23,000

11c

1866.

.59,000

15c

1847.

29,000

11c

1867

63,000

18c

1848.

31,000

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume I, Part 79

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 756

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 756