USA > California > History of California, Volume III > Part 42
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380
MARITIME, COMMERCIAL, AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS.
ences to the matter in communications from Mexico; and no tax was ever assessed upon property according to its value, all exactions being in the nature of du- ties on articles changing owners, or of licenses. By a law of October 1833 all citizens were relieved from the civil obligation to pay tithes, and most citizens took advantage of the privilege, some officers settling with their conscience by offering in payment claims of the government for back pay. What tithes may have been collected before the law was published in California in May 1834, there are no means of know- ing. Deliberations on ways and means for municipal funds were frequent in meetings of ayuntamiento and diputacion from November 1833, and the result was a law or plan published by the governor on August 6, 1834, and appended substantially in a note.21
I append also an alphabetical list of all the vessels that touched at Californian ports in 1831-5. The names number ninety-nine, but more than twenty
21 Plan de Propios y Arbitrios para fondos municipales de los Ayuntamientos del territorio de la Alta California, 1834. Printed bando signed by Figueroa and Zamorano, in Earliest Printing; also in Dept. St. Pap., Mont., iii. 25-30; Los Angeles, Arch., MS., i. 23-30; Dwinelle's Colon. Hist., add., 29-30. The substance is also given several times over in proceedings of dip. and ayunt., with reports of committees, discussion, articles not finally embodied in the plan, etc., in St. Pap., Miss. and Colon., MS., ii. 222-53; Leg. Rec., MS., ii. 134-67, 181-2. Art. 1. Ayunt. to apply for assignment of egidos and propios lands. Art. 2. The propios in small traets may be leased at auc- tion; and present holders will pay as required by the ayunt. Art. 3. Gran- tees of town lots for building, of 100 varas square, will pay $6.25, and 25 cents per front vara for a smaller lot or for the excess in a larger one. Art. 4, 5. For the grant and registration of a brand for cattle, $1.50. Art. 6. For kill- ing cattle or sheep for market, 6.25 cents per head; hogs, 25 cents. Art. 7. Shops for sale of dry goods are to pay $1 per month; grocery and other shops, and bar-rooms, 50 cents. Art. 8. Each weight and measure, sealed by the fiel ejecutor, 12.5 cents. Art. 9. Circuses and other shows, $2 for each perform- ance. Art. 10. Billiard-rooms, $1 per month. Art. 11. At the 5 ports, inclnd- ing S. Pedro, 12.5 cents for each parcel landed from foreign vessels, and 6.25 cents from national vessels. Art. 12. The 25 cents per ton on foreign vessels to be asked for in behalf of the treasury of the dip. Art. 13. Hunters are to pay 50 cents each on large otter and beaver skins. Art. 14. Fines for minor offences, imposed by alcalde or gefe, to go into the munic. fund. Art. 15, 16. Liquor taxes are reduced as follows: National brandy to $3, Angelica, $2, and wine $1.50, per barrel; foreign brandy to $1, gin $1, wine and beer 50 cents, per gallon. Art. 17. A voluntary contribution to be requested from each vessel anchoring at Monterey, for the building of a wharf. Art. IS. Tax of $3 on each auction sale. Art. 19-21. Provisions for execution of the law.
381
VESSELS OF 1831-5.
rest on doubtful records. Eleven had visited the coast in the preceding half-decade. Twenty-two were whalers in quest of supplies. Of the rest, twenty-three were under United States colors; thir- teen carried the Mexican flag, seven the English, four the Russian, three the Hawaiian, and one the Italian. One was a government vessel; two came from the Columbia River for supplies; and the rest came to trade for Californian products-seventeen from Honolulu, fourteen from South American and Mexican ports, and nine from Boston. 22
22 Alphabetical list of vessels in Californian ports in the years 1831-5:
Alert, Amer. ship, 342 tons; Faucon, master, transferring command on arrival to Thompson; Bryant & Sturgis, owners; Alf. Robinson, resident supereargo; arrived from Boston in June 1835. Davis thinks she was also on the coast in 1833 under Penhallow.
American, whaler; at S. Fran. in Nov. 1832.
Anchorite, whaler; at S. Fran. in Nov. 1832.
Avon, Amer. hermaph. brig, SS tons, 16 men; Wm S. Hinckley, master; John C. Jones, owner; two or three trips from Honolulu in 1834-5; duties, $2,101, $1,719, and $2,374. According to Dana, she also engaged in smug- gling. Jones was on board in 1833. She carried Gov. Figueroa's remains to Sta B. from Monterey.
Ayacucho, Engl. brig, 204 or 160 tons, 13-23 men: John Wilson, master; Stephen Anderson, and later Jas Scott, supercargo; on the coast from Callao each year 1831-5 for hides and tallow; duties, $4,721 in 1832; $1,416 in 1834; $4,020 in 1835. She was regarded as the fastest sailer on the coast.
Baikal, Russ. brig, 202 tons; Livovich Iliasovich (?), master; at S. Fran. spring of 1831 and autumn of 1833.
Balance, whaler; Ed Daggett, master; at S. Fran. Nov. 1832; 21 men, most of them ill with scurvy.
Barnstable, Jas B. Hatch, master; Henry Mellus, sup. Probably errone- ons record in Hayes' list for 1833.
Bolívar, Amer. brig, 212 tons; from Honolulu to buy horses 1832; $400 tonnage; accused of smuggling; perhaps in 1833; Nye, master; also at end of 1833; Dominis, master.
Bonanza, Engl. schr, doubtful record of 1834.
By Chance, Amer. schr; 84 tons; Hiram Covell, master; at Mont. 1834, from Panamá; duties, $1,907.
California, Amer. ship, 379 tons; Bryant & Sturgis, owners; arr. from Boston in 1831, and left in April 1833; 'C-,' master; Wm A. Gale, sup., who remained at her departure; came back in 1834, remaining until 1833; Jas Arther, master.
('atalina, Mex. brig, 160 or 138 tons, 13 men; brought govt stores in 1831; Jolın C. Holmes, master. Brought Gov. Figueroa in Jan. 1833, and made an- other trip to Mazatlan and back in 1833. Jos Snook (called Esnuco), master. Also on the coast in 1834-3; Fred. Becher, sup. (R. Marshall, master; and E. ('elis, sup., according to Spence). Under U. S. flag, according to Dana. Cargo, $12,555; duties, $1,550.
('halcedony, Amer. brig; Jos Steel, master; on the coast in 1832-3.
Charles Eyes, Engl. bark, 255 or 219 tons, 14 men; Thos Chapman, master; on the coast 1833 from Callao.
Clarita, doubtful record of 1834.
332
MARITIME, COMMERCIAL, AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS.
Clementina, Mex. schr; doubtful record of 1835.
Clementine, Engl. brig; Jas Hanly, master; from Honolulu 1835, con- signed to Nathan Spear; duties, $3,261; carried away horses and hides in Dec.
Convoy, Amer. brig, 137 tons, 13 men; Pickens, master; from Honolulu in 1831.
Crusader, Amer. brig. (later perhaps Mexican), 160 or 110 tons; from Sandw. Isl. 1832-3; Thos Hinckley or Thos Sturgis, master or sup .; dutics, $2,273; from Callao in 1834; Wm A. Richardson, master.
Diana, Amner. brig, 170 tons; from Honolulu via Sitka in 1835; duties, $363.
Don Quixote, Amer. bark; John Mcek, master; Wm S. Hinckley, sup., from Honolulu 1833-4; duties, $475. Complaint of unlawful privileges granted her. Spence puts her in his list for 1832, also with Smith as master.
Dryad, Engl. brig; from Columbia River; paid duties, $1,416, in Jan. 1831, but had arrived in Dec. 1830. Touched at S. Fran. again in Nov. 1833, for Honolulu, with David Douglas, the scientist, and Chief Factor Finlayson on board. Douglas had also come to Cal. on the first trip, remaining some time in the country.
Eliza, at Sta Bárbara Oct. 1831.
Enriqueta, Amer. schr., 62 tons; Lewis (or Levi) Young, master; on the coast 1833. Perhaps same as the Harriet, q. v.
Europe, 1834. See Urup.
Facio, Mex. brig, 11 men; Santiago Johnson, master; Johnson & Aguirre, owners; from Guaymas in 1833. John Forster took her back. Perhaps on the coast in 1834. In 1835 she was grounded at S. Pedro, and was rescued by the Pilgrim.
Fakeja (Fakir ?), whaler, 339 tons; R. Smith, master; at Mont. in Dec. 1833.
Fanny, whaler; at S. Fran. Oct. 1831.
Fibian (Phobe Ann ?), on the coast to trade in 1831.
Framen, doubtful name of 1833.
Friend, Amer. whaler, 404 tons; L. B. Blindenburg, master, 1832-3. Also 2 whalers not named at S. Fran. Oct. 1832.
Gange, French whaler; H. Chaudiere, master; Mont. Sept. 1835.
Garrafilia, Amer. brig, 170 tons; at Mont. 1835; duties, $361.
General Jackson, Amer. whaler; at Mont. Nov. 1833.
Globe, mentioned on doubtful authority 1831.
Guadalupe, Cal. schr, 60 tons; built by Jos Chapman, and launched at S. Pedro in 1831. Robinson's Life in Cal., 100.
Harriet, whaler, 417 tons, 34 men; at S. Fran. Oct. 1831.
Harriet Blanchard, Amer. schr, 62 or 66 tons; Carter, master; Shaw, sup .; Jones, owner; took 30 horses for Honolulu in 1833.
IIelvetius, Amer. whaler; at S. Fran. Oct .- Nov. 1833. Possibly on the coast before; as Chas Brown always claimed to have come on her in 1829.
Iolani, Hawaiian schr, 48 tons, 6 men; Jas Rogers, master; Nic. García, consignee; at Mont. in spring of 1835; duties, $776.
Isabel, Amer. whaler, 242 tons; J. C. Albert, master; S. Fran. and Mont. 1833.
Josephine, schr under Wm A. Richardson, lost at Sta Catalina Isl. in 1832, acc. to Ilayes' list.
Jóven Dorotea, Mex. schir; Benito Machado, master; at Mont. May 1834.
Jóven Victoriano, brig; at S. Fran. Sept. 1832.
Juan José, Mex. brig; consigned to Pedrorena in 1835, acc. to Spence's list.
Kitty, whaler; at S. Fran. in Nov. 1833.
Lagoda, Amer. ship, 292 tons; Jolm Bradshaw, master; Bryant & Sturgis, owners; Robinson, owner's agent; on the coast from autumn of 1833 to spring of 1835.
Leon, French ship; Bonnet, master. Mentioned on uncertain authority
383
MARINE LIST.
as having come to the coast in 1835 for cattle and hay for French troops in the l'acific; probably later.
Leonidas, Mex. brig; formerly the U. S. Dolphin; Malarin, master; named by Davis for 1833.
Leonor, Mex. ship, 207 tons; Henry D. Fitch, master; on the coast from S. Blas in 1831; came back in 1833-4, and also in 1835, under Chas Wolter; Fred. Becher, sup .; duties, $1,419.
Liverpool Packet (?), whaler of 1835.
Llama, Engl. brig, 140 tons; Wm M. Neill, master; from Columbia River in 1834 for supplies; duties, $S74.
Loriot, Amer. schr, 70 tons; Gorham H. Nye and A. B. Thompson, mas- ter and sup .; on the coast 1833-4. Sce text for her seizure at S. Fran. Back again in 1833 and carried Híjar and Padres to S. Blas in May, returning in Aug .; duties, $4,024. More smuggling.
Louisa, Amer. bark, 174 tons, 16 men; Geo. Wood, master; J. C. Jones, owner and sup .; from Honolulu via Sitka in 1831; took hides and horses. Wm H. Davis, since well known in Cal., was on board as a boy 9 years of age.
Magruder, Amer. sehr, 15 tons, 4 men; Wm Taylor, or Faiton, master; from Honolulu in 1834 for sale.
Marcus, whaler, 286 tons, 23 men; N. S. Bassett, master; at S. Fran. Oct. IS3]
Margarita, Mex. schr .; carried J. M. Padrés from Mont. 1831; back on the coast 1834-5; duties, $547, $179.
Maria Teresa, Mex. brig; Spence's list 1835.
Mariquita, Mex. sloop; Agustin Poneabaré, master (or J. Chaseagre); from S. Blas 1833, and again 1835; duties, $171.
Martha, whaler, 359 tons, 31 men; Tim. W. Riddell, master; at Mont. Oct. - Nov. 1834.
Matador, Mex. brig; cons. to J. Parrott in 1835, acc. to Spence's list.
Morelos, Mex. sloop of war; Lieut L. F. Manso, com .; Luis Valle, master. Brought part of the colony and several officers to Cal. in Sept. 1834.
Natalia, Mex. brig, 185 tons, 13 men; Juan Gomez, master; Comp. Cos- mop., owner; Juan Bandini, sup. Brought part of the colony to Cal., and was wrecked at Mont. in Dec. 1834.
Newcastle, Amer. brig; Stephen Hersey, master; from Boston via Honolulu in 1832.
North America, Amer. whaler, 3SS tons; Nathaniel Richards, master; at Mont. Nov. 1833.
Pacífico, Mex. brig; from Guaymas, eons. to Aguirre, in 1834; duties, $280. Some trouble about 1, 156 marks of silver bullion.
Peor es Nada, Mex. schr, 20 tons; built at Mont. by Joaquin Gomez and launched Aug. 30, 1834; sailed for south in Oct. under Chas Hubbard, under charter to Isaac V. Sparks and others for otter-hunting; returned Mar. 1833 under John Coffin, making a second trip to south in the autumn.
Phæbe (?), whaler of 1832.
Pilgrim, Amer. brig, 155 tons, 14 men; Frank A. Thompson, master, sne- ceeded by Ed II. Fancon; Bryant & Sturgis, owners; Robinson, agent; on the coast from Jan. 1835, having perhaps arrived in 1834; cargo, $12,000.
Plant, Amer. brig; B. & S., owners; sailed from Boston with the Califor- nice, but had to put in at Rio de Janeiro for repairs; arr. in 1832 and soon sailed for home via Honolulu.
Pocahontas, Amer. ship, 300 tons; Bradshaw, master; Shaw, sup .; re- mained on the coast from 1830 to Jan. 1832, carrying away Gov. Victoria and l'adro Peyri.
Polifemia, Russ. brig, 180 tons; N. Rosenberg, master; on the coast in IS33-4-5; duties, $383; accused of smuggling.
Primavera; Mex. brig; C. Bane, master; in Spence's list for 1833.
Pulga, at Mont. Sept. 1834; doubtful.
3S4
MARITIME, COMMERCIAL, AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS.
Refugio, Mex. sehr; at S. Fran. 1834; duties on salt, $15. Said by Warner to have been built at S. Pedro in 1831-2. Perhaps same as the Guadalupe, or confounded with that vessel.
Rosa, Sardinian ship, 425 tons, 24 men; Nie. Bianchi, master; A. A. Cot, consignee. 'A large, clumsy ship, with her top-masts stayed forward and high poop-deck, looking like an old woman with a crippled back,' says Dana. Arr. in 1834, and in 1835 carried the colony conspirators from S. Fran. to Sta B.
Roxana, Amer. brig; Frank Thompson, master; B. & S., owners; on the coast in 1832-3; Gale & Robinson, agents. The Riojana, Cal. schr; Wmn Ayala, master; probably the same craft.
S. Feighton, whaler, 351 tons, 25 men; Benj. H. Lawton, master; at Mont. Oct. 1834.
Santa Bárbara, Mex. sehr, 40 tons, 5 men; Thos Robbins, master; at Sta B. June 1833 from Mazatlan with 6 passengers; built in Cal. See list 1820.
Singapartan (Seringapatan of 1830?), Engl. whaler; at S. Fran. 1832.
Sitka, Russ. bark, 202 tons; Basilio Waccodzy (?), master; at S. Fran, and Mont. 1835.
South Carolina, Amer. ship; Jos Steel, master; at Mont. Aug. 1834; du- ties, $10,631.
Spy, doubtful mention, 1832.
Steriton, whaler; at Mont. Sept. 1834.
Tansuero (or Traumare), Engl. brig, 215 tons; L. Amist, master; from Sandw. Isl. in 1834.
Tranquilina, whaler, 309 tons, 22 men; Geo. Prince, master; at S. Fran. Nov. 1832.
Trinidad, Mex. brig of Spence's list for 1835.
Urup, Russ, brig; Dionisio Zarembo, master; wintered 1831-2; duties, $1,107; also 1834; Basilio Idirbe (?), master; duties, $1,953.
Volunteer, Amer. bark, 226 or 150 tons, 11 men; Jos O. Carter, master; John Ebbetts, sup .; on the coast 1829-31; also in 1833; Shaw, master; Jones, owner and sup .; Sherman Peck, asst sup. Carter took her back, Jones and Shaw returning on the H. Blanchard to Honolulu.
Victoria, Brewer, master; in Spence's list for 1832.
Warerly, Hawaiian brig; Wm Sumner, master; arr. S. Pedro Jan. 1832, bringing the exiled priests Bachelot and Short from Honolulu. Remained but a few days.
Whalehound, doubtfully recorded whaler 1831.
William Little (Guillermo Chiquito), sloop, 36 tons, 7 men; Little or Henry Carter, master; from Honolulu for produce and horses in 1831.
William Lye (or Syne), whaler, 389 tons, 30 men; D. A. Riddell (or Rey- der), master; at Mont. Oct. 1834.
William Thompson, whaler; Stephen Potter, master; at S. Fran. Nov. 1832; crew mutinous.
Wilmington, whaler; at Sta B. Nov. 1835; 1,900 bbls oil.
CHAPTER XIV.
PIONEERS AND FOREIGN RELATIONS.
1831-1835.
OVERLAND IMMIGRATION-NEW MEXICAN ROUTE-WOLFSKILL'S PARTY- YOUNT AND BURTON- JACKSON'S COMPANY-WARNER-EWING YOUNG'S SECOND VISIT -- CARSON, WILLIAMS, SPARKS, AND DYE-GRAHAM AND LEESE-ACROSS THE SIERRA-CAPTAIN JOE WALKER-NIDEVER-BON- NEVILLE'S NARIAATIVE-HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY TRAPPERS-OTTER- HUNTING IN CALIFORNIA-NEW MEXICAN HORSE-THIEVES-CHINO PANDO -FOREIGN POLICY-FEARS-OFFER OF PURCHASE BY U. S .- SPANIARDS -PIONEER NAMES-THOSE WHO CAME BEFORE 1830-NEW-COMERS OF EACH YEAR-ALPHABETICAL LISTS-DOUGLAS THE BOTANIST-THOMAS COULTER'S VISIT-MORINEAU'S MEMOIR-VISIT OF HALL J. KELLEY- JOHN COULTER'S LIES-DANA'S 'TWO YEARS BEFORE THE MAST.'
OVERLAND immigration of trappers and traders into California continued to some extent during 1831-5. Several parties came in by the Gila routes from New Mexico, and at least one crossed the mountains farther north, as the companies of James O. Pattie and Ew- ing Young and Jedediah Smith had done at an ear- lier date.1 The subject retains all its fascination and importance of the preceding period, and also, unfor- tunately, its meagreness of record. Warner and Ni- dever furnished me in their personal recollections most interesting and valuable information, as have other immigrants of that epoch in greater or less de- gree. Bonneville and Joe Meek have had their recol- lections recorded by the pens of Irving and Victor. Statements of Joe Walker and other path-finding pioneers have found their way more or less fully and
1 See chap. vi. of this vol. on overland expeditions of 1826-30. HIST. CAL., VOL. III. 25
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380
PIONEERS AND FOREIGN RELATIONS.
accurately into newspaper print; and the archives indi- cate from time to time the presence of trapper bands at the coast settlements or in the interior valleys. With all this, the record is neither complete nor sat- isfactory in all respects, and there is little likelihood that it can ever be much improved.
In the autumn of 1830, William Wolfskill fitted out a company in New Mexico to trap in the great valleys of California. He was a Kentuckian by birth, thirty-two years of age, with some eight years' ex- perience of trapping and trading in the broad territo- ries surrounding Santa Fé from the north to the south-west. He had been a partner of Ewing Young, then absent in California, and he was assisted pecuni- arily in this enterprise by Hook, a Santa Fé trader. There is extant neither list of the company nor diary of the trip; but the expedition took a route consider- ably north of that usually followed, left Taos in Sep- tember, crossed the Colorado into the great basin, and pressed on north-westwardly across the Grande, Green, and Sevier rivers, then southward to the Rio Virgen, trapping as they went. It seems to have been the intention to cross the mountains between latitudes 36° and 37°; but cold weather, with symp- toms of disorganization in the company, compelled the leader to turn southward to Mojave. Thence he crossed the desert westward, and arrived at Los Angeles early in February 1831. Here the party was broken up, some of its members returning to New Mexico a few months after their arrival, and others remaining in California. Of the latter those subse- quently best known as residents were, besides Wolfs- kill, George C. Yount and Lewis Burton. Of the individuals of this and other companies I shall have more to say later.2
2 The authorities on Wolfskill's company are Warner's Remin., MS., 39- 41, 63-7; and the Story of an Old Pioneer written by ' B.' for the Wilmington Journal, 1866; also in substance in the S. F. Bulletin of Dec. 17, 1858. Other newspaper sketches are either taken from these, or are inaccurate. Other members of the party, remaining for a time or permanently in Califor-
357
JACKSON AND YOUNG.
The next expedition to be noticed came also from Santa Fé under the command of David E. Jackson, formerly a partner of Sublette, but now associated with Young and Waldo. He left Santa. Fé in Sep- tember 1831, with nine hired men and a negro slave. His purpose was to purchase mules in California for the Louisiana market, and he brought, besides letters from Young and Hook to Cooper, a large amount of silver for that purpose. Coming by way of Santa Rita, Tucson, and the Gila, he reached San Diego in November, starting on his return in February 1832. I have several of his letters to Captain Cooper. The only member of Jackson's party who is known to have remained in California was J. J. Warner.3 It should be noted that some members of all these early parties, after returning to New Mexico, came back to live in California in later years; and these men are accustomed to date their pioneership from the year of their first visit, as I would gladly do if it were pos- sible to ascertain the names and dates.
Ewing Young started on his second trip to Califor- nia from Taos in September 1831, but as he trapped the Gila and other streams on the way, he did not reach Los Angeles until April 1832. He had with him thirty men, most of whom, with Jackson's party, were soon sent back to New Mexico in charge of the mules and horses purchased, not so many as the part- ners had hoped to obtain, and part of which were lost in fording the Colorado. Owing to defective traps, Young's beaver catch had not been large, and he re- solved to retrieve his fortunes by a hunt in California,
nia, were Samuel Shields, Francis Z. Branch, John Rhea, Zacarias Ham, François le Fourri, Baptiste St Germain, Bautista Guerra, and Juan Lobar. Eight of the 11 are mentioned under date of April 1831, in Dept. Rec., MIS., ix. 95. A Mr Cooper is named in the Story, etc., as one of the company. Which of the Coopers is not apparent.
$ Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxx. 237, 241, 280; xxxi. 4; Warner's Remin., MIS., 11-15, 42-3. There are 2 or 3 men in the arrivals of 1831, not otherwise accounted for, who may have come with Jackson or Wolfskill. Such are Braun, Gibson, Cebet, Romero, and Pardo. There are many newspaper item3 in which Warner's arrival this year is mentioned, with no details. Dyc, Recollections, MS., also relates from memory the fitting-out of Jackson's party.
388
PIONEERS AND FOREIGN RELATIONS.
where he spent several years before going to Oregon. Eight or ten of his men also remained, prominent among whom were Moses Carson, Isaac Williams, Isaac Sparks, and Job F. Dye.4
In the winter of 1832-3 another party arrived from New Mexico, under circumstances nowhere recorded, so far as I have been able to learn. This party, the exact date of whose arrival is not known, included Joseph Paulding, Samuel Carpenter, William Chard, and Daniel Sill.5 There are half a dozen other men of some prominence whose arrival is accredited to this period, and some of whom may have come with this company. Such were Cyrus Alexander of 1832; Lawrence Carmichael, Isaac Graham, and Jacob P. Leese of 1833; and Joseph L. Majors of 1834.6 Most of these men were well known in California a little later; but of their coming there is nothing more to be said. The way from the south-east, notwithstand- ing the natural perils of the desert and the ever im- minent danger of Apache hostilities, was in a certain sense an open one, and was often traversed by parties of two or three persons. It may be noted in this
# Dye, in his Recollections of Cal., a MS. written for me, and Recollections of a Pioneer, published in the Sta Cruz Sentinel, May 1, June 19, 1869, gives a complete narrative of this expedition, with many interesting details of per- sonal adventure. Other authorities are Warner's Remin., MS., 11-21, 43-51; Los Angeles Ilist., 19; Nidever's Life and Adven., MS., 36-7. Warner names as those who remained in Cal., Carson, Williams, Sparks, Ambrose Tomlinson, Joseph Dougherty, Win Emerson, and Denton. Dye names as members of the company, Moses Carson, Sparks, Williams, Dye, Wm Day, Benj. Day, Sidney Cooper, Jos Gale, Jos Dofit, John Higgins, James Green, Cambridge Green, James Anderson, Thomas Low, Julian Vargas, José Teforia, and John Price. He also names as members of his original company from Arkansas, whom Nidever represents as having left that company and joined Young, Pleasant Austin, Powell Weaver, James Bacey, and James Wilkinson. Hace is added by Nidever. Some of these names are doubtless erroneous. Most of the men returned to N. Mexico, and some came back again. The two Days and Price at any rate were in Cal. a few years later, and may possibly have remained on this trip. Both Dye and Nidever mention the murder of Ander- son by Cambridge Green in Arizona, for which Green was delivered to the authorities at Los Angeles. He escaped from prison some time later.
5 Los Angeles Ilist., 19, Warner being the authority.
G Warner's Remin., MS., 58-61; and miscellaneous records of individual arrivals. Wm Ware and James Craig should perhaps be named in this con- nection.
389
BONNEVILLE'S TRAPPERS.
connection that John Forster came up from Guaymas to Los Angeles by land in 1833, guided by a native 7
Still one more detachment from the army of trap- pers in the great basin came into California before 1835, and this time by a northern route over the Si- erra. The general operations of this army in the broad interior, and the summer rendezvous of 1832-3 in the Green River Valley, have been described by Irving in his narrative of Bonneville's adventures. The same author records the formation of a company sent by Captain Bonneville under Joseph Walker to make explorations west of Great Salt Lake, and devotes a chapter to the adventures of that company.8 The aim, as given by this authority, was to explore the region surrounding the lake, the extent of which body of water was greatly exaggerated by Bonneville. The company consisted of about forty men, some fif- teen of whom were free trappers.9 The start from Green River was in July 1833, and after hunting a few days on Bear River, they went on to the region just north of the lake. Whatever may have been Walker's original intentions or instructions, his men could not live in the desert, and they went westward in search of water, which was found in the head streams of the Mary or Ogden river, since called the Humboldt. I suppose their destination from the first had been California, though Bonneville may perhaps have had different views; at any rate Walker's men
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