USA > California > History of California, Volume III > Part 66
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Civil government in San Diego, as distinct from the military rule, began with the installation of the first ayuntamiento in 1835. This town council, con- sisting of alcalde, two regidores, and a síndico, was elected in December of each year to serve during the next year. I append the official list for the decade .?
9 Ayuntamiento of S. Diego elected Dec. 21, 1834, to serve during the year 1835: alcalde, Juan Maria Osuna; regidores, Juan B. Alvarado and Juan Maria Marron; síndico, Henry D). Fitch; sec., appointed at $20 per month, soon re- duced to $15, José M. Mier y Teran; jueces del campo, Bonifacio Lopez, ap- pointed by ayunt., Jan., Matias Olivas in Aug. At the election 13 electors voted, and Pio Pico got two votes for alcalde. S. D. Arch., MS., 28-9. The inhab. on Sept. 22d had petitioned the govt to give them an ayunt. in accord- ance with the laws. Ley. Rec., MS., ii. 234-41. Fran. Basualdo was at first appointed sce., but not approved by the assembly, being a military man.
1836: alcalde, Santiago Argüello; regidores, Juan María Marron and Manuel Machado; síndico, Jesus Moreno; see., Domingo Amao; jueces de
616
LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN DIEGO DISTRICT.
The alcalde had jurisdiction over the whole district, appointing the administrators of missions and owners of ranchos to serve as subordinates, or comisarios de policía. For three years only, 1835-7, the ayunta- mientos were continued, and then the alcalde's place was filled by a juez de paz appointed by the governor each year in 1838-40. The change was made because the population was less than that required for a legal ayuntamiento; and from January 1838, San Diego was ordered to recognize Los Angeles as cabecera de partido. Details of municipal affairs, meagrely re- corded, are more important as illustrating the system than as part of local annals; but I give a few items in a note.10 From 1839 this district formed part of campo, Andrés Ibarra and Ignacio Lopez; juez de policía, Juan B. Corona (?); comisarios de policía, José Corona, Eseulano Olivas, Juan B. Alvarado, Henry D. Fitch, and as substitutes, Fran. Ruiz, Andrés Ibarra, Matias Olivas, Ra- mon Osuna, and the administrators of missions and proprietors or overseers of all ranchos in the district. At the election of ayunt. Andrés Pico got 5 votes and Argüello 6. S. D. Arch., MS., 63; Hayes, Doc., MS., 34. The secretary's salary was still a matter of contention, but was not raised from $15. Mier y Teran served in the early part of the year, but was removed for various faults, and in return made charges against the alcalde. S. D. Arch., MS., 66. The 2d regidor was elected for two years, so that Marron held over. The alcalde found fault with the sindico as an unruly and dangerous man. Id., 98.
1837: alcalde, José Antonio Estudillo; regidores, Francisco M. Alvarado and Francisco Ruiz; sindico, Jose M. Mier y Teran; sec., Domingo Amao. No other officials named. Election of Dec. 18, 1836, in S. D. Arch., MS., 144. Machado should have held over as Ist regidor, but declined to serve on account of bad health.
1838: no ayuntamiento as per governor's order of Dec. 9, 1837. Id., 190. Juez de paz, José A. Estudillo; sec., José F. Alvarez. No election. Estu- dillo held the office at first temporarily as 'encargardo,' and then permanently by the governor's appointment. Fitch acted at E.'s request in June. Id., 300. Sce. Amao having run away, Governor Carrillo appointed Alvarez in March. Id., 195-6.
1839: juez de paz, Juan M. Osuna; 2d juez, or suplente, Juan M. Marron. No sec. named. Osuna was elected by the people on Jan. Ist to succeed Estudillo at the latter's request.
1840: juez de paz, Juan M. Osuna; suplente, Juan M. Marron; treasurer (depositario de fondos propios), J. A. Estudillo to April, Francisco M. Alva- rado from May. Fitch and J. M. Alvarado had been appointed justices of the peace by the prefect in Dec. 1839 for 1840; but in Jan. the gov. restored those of the preceding year. Hayes, Doc., MS., 102-20. The prefect had made the appointment on the nomination of the justices, as there was no sub-prefect to propose candidates. Perhaps the governor's act was founded on this irregularity. Fitch took the oath of office and began to act. Alva- rado declined to take the oath because he could not write. S. D. Arch., MS., 219. The secretary's salary was now $10. Dept. St. Pap., Ang. Pref. y Juzy., MS., iii. 48.
10 Many communications received by the alcalde from the govt and by
617
MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS.
the third prefecture and of the Los Angeles partido, not having sufficient population for a sub-prefect.
The criminal record presents no causas célebres, and but a meagre array of petty cases. Methods of court procedure and principles involved in the administra- tion of justice call for no general remark. The sub- ject is best disposed of, like most others connected
him forwarded to the sub-alcaldes or comisarios at the ranchos. S. D. Arch., MS., passim. July 1835, Los Angeles alcalde elaims jurisd. over criminal matters at S. D., requiring a mule-thief to be sent to him. Jan., trouble between S. D. alcalde and the com. at S. Luis Rey, the latter claiming the right to its own alcalde and regidores. Feb. 10th, alcalde instructed by gov. that his political authority does not extend beyond the presidio settle- ment; but in the administration of justice his jurisdiction extends to all the settlements. Jan. 5th, animals must be kept out of town under penalty of a fine. Vagabonds, drunken persons, etc., must be fined. Jan. 7th, papers relating to a rancho turned over to alcalde by commandant. Jan. Sth, fines for persons carrying prohibited weapons. Penalties for petty thefts. Juez de campo to attend to hide trade. Merchants must submit their measures and weights to the ayunt. Jan. 12th, schools considered. Feb. 19th, committee to investigate qualifications of applicants for lands. Mar. 19th, work on the casa consistorial must cease for want of supplies for the prisoners. People called on for contributions. May 3d, a dispute on a private debt referred by gov. to ayunt. May 19th, Joaquin Carrillo forbidden to sell his garden, at his wife's petition and on order of the gov. Sept. 22d, alcalde wishes to know if he may force traders to sell at less extravagant prices. Sept. 25th, com- plains that Argüello refuses to pay his degüello tax.
1836. Indian alcaldes paid 1 real per day. Man. Silvas employed on 'ne- gocios subalternos' at $3 per month. May, trouble between alcalde and the encargado at Temascal, the latter refusing to obey the former's summons. 1837. March, síndico makes a report of receipts and expenditures. Ayunt. agrees that each regidor shall take his turn in aiding the alcalde. Dec. 9th, gov.'s order that there is to be no election for ayunt. 1838. Jan. 17th, S. Diego must recognize Los Angeles as cabecera, and electors must go there to vote. 1839. June, prefeet orders juez de paz of S. D. to select Indians for auxiliaries. Colorado Ind. claim the right to elect their alcaldes. 1840. Juez de paz Fitch needs an escolta de tropa to enforce the liquor laws; also a secretary, as he cannot write Spanish. Prefect appoints the depositario de fondos propios. No expenditure without prefect's orders. No pay for acting as receptor or captain of the port. A tax was imposed on the hide-salting establishments of foreigners, as had been done before in 1834. Dept. Rec., MIS., xi. 8; Dept. St. Pap., Pref. y Juzy., MS., vi. 69. See also, for preceding items, S. D. Arch., MS., 30-1, 42, 58, 99, 113, 172, 190, 214, 231, 246, 249, 264; Id. Index, 19, 64-5, 130-4; Hayes Doc., MS., 13-14, 24, 70, 112; Id., Miss. Book, 226.
Items of revenne and finance. Customs revenue, year ending June 1831, $350, all paid out to employés. Mexico, Mem. Hlac., 1832, doc. 3. Libro do fianzas 1833-4, referred to in Dept. St. Pap., Cust. - II., viii. 15. Alcabalas or excise tax 1834 to April, $10,007. Id., Bon. Mil., Ixxvi. 4. Ang. 1839, Ramon Osuna appointed collector of tithes. S. D. Arch., MS., 235. Munic. receipts 1839, 876; expenditures, $77. Same May to July 1840, $29. Sept. to Nov. $51 and $29. July 1840, some hides were declared to have been unlawfully seized, but there was no money to pay for them. Id., 266.
618
LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN DIEGO DISTRICT.
with local annals of the period, in a list of original items as appended.11
11 1831. Charges of rape and incest by a girl against her father, a mili- tary officer. The evidence was not strong enough for conviction, but the girl was removed from her father's control on account of his cruelty. Dept. St. Pap., B. M., MS., Ixxiv. 11-29. 1833. Much gambling among both Ind- ians and gente de razon. Ezquer, Mem., MS., 2-3. 1835-40. Municipal police regulations, instructions to jueces de campo, etc., most relating to the killing of cattle, carrying weapons, punishment for petty thefts. S. D. Arch., MS., 51, 162, 168; Id. Index, 106-9. 1835. For want of funds to support prisoners, they were put to work for any citizen who would feed them. S. D. Arch., MS., 38. Domingo sentenced to 4 years of presidio for murder of Cruz. Hayes' Miss. B., 310; Dept. St. Pup., Ang. Pref. y Juzg., MS., ii. 21. A prominent citizen granted by the alcalde a separation from his wife who had lost $2,000 by gambling. S. D. Arch., MS., 63. There are many petty gambling cases before conciliadores in these years. 1836. F. M. Alvarado fined $50 and $25 to the Ind. he had flogged, 'a scandalous procceding.' Fine reduced to $25 and 'satisfaction' to complainant. Id., 67. A Mex. for applying his brand to the cattle of others, and an Ind. for forging the sin- dico's name to a permit for a keg of aguardiente, sent by the alcalde to Licut. Gutierrez as no longer to be tolerated in the jurisdiction. Id., 113-14. Penal- ties in the alcalde's court: stealing cattle or horses, one to three months of public works; stealing brandy, 2d offence, 1 year with chain; not informing against a thief, $3 and 3 days' arrest; Ind. for rape, 1 year with chain; Ind. servant of Bandini for carrying off a woman, 6 months; running away and stealing a horse, 20 days; coming from S. Miguel without a pass and rob- bery, 1 month; robbing a room, banishment for municipality. Id., 67. Two ex-convicts arrested as vagrants. Id., 71. Thos Russell fined $10 and loss of his pistol for sending a challenge to Lumsden. Id., 67. Prisoners all at work for private citizens, says the com., being blamed for the escape of a convict. Dept. St. Pap., B. M., MS., Ixxxi. 19. Bandini supposes that an Ind. murderer being a christian will come under jurisdiction of the alcalde, and not of the mil. com. Hayes' Miss. B., 302. Sept., an Ind. who ' tuvo inconsequencias' with his wife after prayers went and hanged himself. J. J. Ortega and two others went to look at the man and reported to the chief alcalde. Then the Ist regidor and sec. went to the spot, and looking upon the hanging man asked three times in the name of God who had killed him. Getting no reply, they proceeded to examine the body, and being satisfied he had hanged him- self, ordered him to be taken down. Id., 301. Dec., Russell banished for escape from prison. S. D. Arch., MS., 63. 1837. Ind. for killing a calf fined $2 and 45 days on public works. Fine for gambling, $2.50 for each party. The alcalde founds his decisions on the laws of 1827 and 1833. Id., 191. Feb., there were 14 prisoners on public works, three of them allotted to Fitch to repair the plaza road. Id., 172. Sindico ordered to patrol the town with a guard of citizens. Id., 161. Five prisoners at work on a court- house and jail deemed more important than a church. No place to keep the prisoners at night unless some citizen would give up a room. Contributions called for, and 8 fan. corn received. Id., 166-7. 1839. Prefect calls for a list of 'ociosos y mal entretenidos.' Alcalde replies that owing to his efforts there are no idlers in town. Id., 228. Prefect asked to decide about two ex- neophytes who stole a cow. Alcalde understands that such are to be again 'reduced' to their mission. Hayes' Miss. B., 334. Prefect says a thief must be sent to the alcalde of Los Angeles, from mission to mission, with the papers in the case. S. D. Arch., MS., 237. 1840. There being no troops or jail, Fitch needs an escolta to enforce laws against drunkenness, etc. Ilayes, Doc., MS., 118. Feb., citizens, chiefly foreigners, subscribe $828 as a reward for discovery of the murderer of Luis Juan. S. D. Index, MS., 65.
619
SAN DIEGO MISSION.
At the San Diego mission padres Martin and Oliva continued their ministry, the latter throughout the decade, the former until his death in 1838, after twenty-six years of continuous service.12 Down to 1834, when statistics come to an end here as else- where, the padres had baptized 160 Indians, buried 312, married 127 couples, and had on their register 1,382 neophytes. At the end of the decade there were about 800 nominally under control of the ex- mission authorities, though there were only 50 at the mission proper. 13 Naturally secularization is the
12 Fernando Martin was a native of Robledillo, Spain, born May 26, 1770. He became a Franciscan in 1787 at the convent of Ciudad Rodrigo, where after completing his studies he served as preacher until 1809, when he volun- tecred for the American missionary field, leaving Cadiz in March and arriv- ing at the Mex. college of S. Fernando in June 1810. The next year he was appointed to Cal., and after vexatious days at Acapulco and elsewhere on account of a pestilence and of insurgent troubles, he reached L. Cal. in April 1811, and came up to S. Diego by land, arriving on July 6th. His missionary service began at once, and he never served at any other establish- ment. He was an exemplary friar, of whom little was heard beyond the limits of his mission, yet he was accredited by his superior in 1820 with more than average ability and zeal. He was one of the few friars who took the oath of republicanism. His death occurred on Oct. 19, 1838. Autobiog. Autog. de los Frailes, MS .; Sarria, Informe de 1817, MS .; Arch. Sta B., MIS., iii. 123; Duhaut-Cilly, Viaggio, ii. 19-21; St. Pap. Miss., MS., ix. 36.
1J Statistics of 1831-40: decrease of pop. 1,544 to 1,382; baptisms 160; deaths 312; marriages 127; decrease in large stock 8,822 to 3,417; horses and mules 1,192 to 307; sheep 16,661 to 8,616. Largest erop 6,849 bush. in 1831; smallest 1,710 in 1834; average 3,561, of which 2,395 wheat, yield 7.33; bar- ley 903, yield 5.54; corn 202, yield 18.
Stat. of 1769-1834: bapt. 6,638, of which 3,351 Ind. adults; 2,685 Ind. child., 602 child. de razon. Marriages 1,879, of which 165 de razon. Deaths 4,428, of which 2,573 Ind. adults, 1,575 Ind. child., 146 adults de razon, 134 child. de razon; death rate 5.32 per cent of pop. Largest pop. 1,S2 in 1824. Down to about ISOG females exceeded males slightly; but this was reversed later. The proportion of children under 8 years varied from } in early years to , in later. Largest no. of cattle 9,245 in 1822; horses 1,193 in 1831; mules 330 in 1824; asses 37 in 1801; sheep 19,450 in 1822; goats 805 in 1789; swine 120 in 1815; all kinds 30,325 in 1822. Total product of wheat 132,077 bush., yield 10 fold; barley 81, 187 bush., yield 11 fold; corn 24, 112 bush., yield 47 fuld; frijoles 4,299 bush., yield 9 fold.
Miscell. stat. of 1831-40: July 1834, P. Martin loans the presidio $1,533. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. C. & T., MS., iii. 39. 1835-S, distrib. to neophytes in 4 years, 439 shirts, 202 skirts, 673 blankets, 116 fan. maize, 2,110 wheat, 22 frijoles, 140 barley. St. l'ap. Miss., MS., vi. 38-9. See ground plan of tho mission buildings perhaps of 1839. Id., vii. 3. Value of church effects 84,802; due from inhab. $560. Id., vii. 2. June 21, 1839, Hartnell's report; S. Diego has 2 vineyards of 8,600 eepas and 517 olive trees, fields for I fan. corn and S alm. frijoles; Sta Isabel 5,860 vines, fields for 30 fan. wheat, and 20 fan. barley; Sta Mónica 8,000 vines, fields for 2} fan. corn, 2 fan. frijoles. Id., xi. 23-5. Feb. 1839, admin. says tho mission with estates of Sta Isabel and Sta Monica is in ruins, people all fled except 50. Id., ix. 37. May, P. Oliva says Sta
620
LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN DIEGO DISTRICT.
leading topic of mission annals; but at San Diego only slight additions can be made to what has been given in the general narrative. After a certain amount of theorizing and agitation by Echeandía in 1829-33, followed by an experimental emancipation of chosen neophytes by Figueroa in 1833-4, Alférez Ramirez and Captain Argüello being successively comisionados, the mission was finally secularized in 1835, and was put in charge of José Joaquin Ortega, who kept the place of majordomo or administrator until replaced by Juan M. Osuna in 1840.14 After secularization, affairs are said to have continued very much as before. The Indians had never been so closely confined to the mission routine here as farther
Isabel has 560 souls. S. D. Index, MS., 135. 1839 (?), Sta Isabel 344 inhab., Sta Mónica 116, mission 320, total 780, also 16 de razon. St. Pap. Miss., MS., vii. 2. June, 1840, debts of the mission to J. A. Aguirre $446, W. E. Hartnell $350, Ant. Cot $69, Joaq. Ortega $1,748, Rosario Aguilar $54; total $2,668. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxiii. 12; Pico, Pap. Miss., MS., 47-51.
14 On secularization in general, see chap. xi .- xii. this vol., and chap. ii. vol. iv. 1831, acc. to Echeandía's decree of Jan. 6th, comisarios, etc., were to be chosen, but no immediate change made. This vol., 306. Blas Aguilar was the majordomo this year. 1832, Echeandia's efforts in the south; views of P. Martin and others. Id., 316. 1833, Echeandia's regl. of Jan., Jose M. Ramirez appointed comisionado. Figueroa's experimental plan. Sant. Ar- güello comisionado and his efforts in July-Sept. Id., 326-32. 1834. Ind. pueblos. Id., 339. Norecord of progress this year. Id., 346. Nov. 22d, Juan José Rocha acknowl. receipt of the decree of secularization for S. D. Dept. St. Pap., B. M., MS., lxxxviii. 18. 1835, actual secularization, Joaquin Or- tega in charge from April as majordomo at $50 per mo .; no details. This vol., 353. June, the alcalde is informed by gov. that respecting punishment of Ind. he is to consult the asesor. S. D. Arch., MS., 50. 1836, Jan., alcalde at the town summons the majordomo to appear before him to propose candi- dates for mission alcalde and regidores -- though the mission ayunt. was to have control of petty local matters, not of admin. of justice. Id., 71; Mont. Arch., MS., ix. 2. Several doc. vaguely indicating a controversy between Alcalde Argüello and Ortega. Hayes' Miss. B., 316-17. 1837, Ortega as majordomo, generally called administrator, at a salary of $600. The padre takes O.'s place during his absence. Id., 318. Jan., mission ayunt. chosen. S. D. Arch., MS., 167. Belcher, Narr., i. 327, describes the mission Ind. as armed with bows and arrows. 1838, Rosario Aguilar named a majordomo under Ortega. St. Pap. Miss., MS. v. 55. 1839, Feb., administrator has trouble in causing the gentile chiefs to respect his authority. Id., xi. 35, May 7th, P. Oliva claims that Sta Isabel is not a 'sitio valdio' as claimed, but a mission with 580 Ind. Hayes' Miss. B., 329. June, alcalde ordered by prefect to aid Inspector Hartnell in restoring fugitive ex-neophytes to the missions. Hayes' Miss. B., 332. June 24th, Hartnell reports the mission Ind. in a very naked condition and clamorous for the removal of the administrator in favor of the padre. St. Pap. Miss., MS., xi. 24-5. 1840, under Alvarado's regulations Ortega was removed, and Juan María Osuna was made majordomo in July by Hartnell. Arch. Misiones, MS., ii. 1077; S. D. Index, MS., 135-6. Ortega not permitted to go to Sta Isabel.
621
SAN LUIS REY.
north, and the change was therefore somewhat less abrupt. Of the gradual decadence, not much more rapid than it had been before 1834, as of the minor troubles and controversies and complaints, we have but the most fragmentary record.
Padre Antonio Peyri at the end of 1831 left San Luis Rey, an establishment which he had founded and in 33 years of faithful service had brought to the front rank of California missions, and quit the coun- try in company with the exiled Governor Victoria. He was one of the most prominent Fernandinos, though he chose to devote his energies mainly to his local task; and he was unwilling to remain and witness the overthrow of all his plans, being griev- ously disappointed at Victoria's failure to establish what he had foolishly hoped would prove a new ré- gime for the missions. 15 After Peyri's departure
13 Antonio Peyri was born Jan. 10, 1769, at Porrera, Catalonia, Spain; took the Franciscan robe in the convent at Reus Oct. 25, 1787; sailed from Cádiz May 8, 1795; and left his college in Mex. for Cal. March 1, 1796, arriv- ing in July. He served two years at San Luis Obispo, and in 1798 was a founder of San Luis Rey, where, and at the branch establishment of S. Anto- nio de Pala, he served continuously thereafter. By his superiors he was accredited with distinguished merit as a manager, but not with fitness for high office. Autobiog. Autog. de los Padres, MS .; Sarria, Informe sobre los Frailes 1817, MS .; Arch. Sta B., MS., iii. 123-4. He was less unfriendly than most Spanish friars to the republic, and took the required oath in 1826; but in the same year petitioned the president of Mex. to relieve him of his mission administration. Arch. Arzob., MS., v. pt i. 23. In 1829 he de- manded his passports, being as a Spaniard included in the law of March 20th, and though offered exemption by the governor, insisted in his demand, as- serting that he was an old man no longer fit for service. Id., 56-7. He ob- tained from the Mex. authorities permission to retire with full payment of past stipend. Guerra, Doc., MS., vi. 145, 14S. The padre sailed on the Pocahontas Jan. 17, 1832, from S. Diego for Mazatlan on his way to Mexico; see p. 210, this vol. The tradition is that he had to leave S. Luis secretly, and that his neophytes, 500 strong, hastened to S. Diego to prevent his de- parture, arriving only in time to receive his blessing from the receding ship. Bidwell, Cal., MS., 183-7, learned from one of the Indians who aided his departure that he kneeled on the hill and prayed for the mission as his last act. Peyri took with him from the mission funds about $3,000, the amount of stipend due him, as he wrote to Capt. Guerra. He is accused by the republican foes of Victoria of having contributed large sums to support the latter's cause, and of having carried away secretly, hidden in barrels of grain and olives, other large amounts in gold and silver. Pio Pico, Ilist. Cal., M.S., 159-60, learned from Jnan Mariner, a Catalan trusted by Peyri, that the padre took 32 barrels of olives, each containing money. Vallejo, /ist. Cal., MS., ii. 156-9, makes it 14 bbls of flour, and says the S. Blas customs ofli-
622
LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN DIEGO DISTRICT.
Padre José Antonio Anzar, a new-comer, served in 1832, being accused of some irregularities; Buenaven- tura Fortuni was the minister in 1833-6; in 1837-9 there is no record except of Oliva and Abella as visiting friars; and in 1840 Father Francisco Gonza- loz de Ibarra took charge. San Luis was the only mission to show a gain in population for 1831-4, and at the end of that period, with a register of 2,844 neophytes, it stood at the head of the list, not only in respect of population but in the number of its live- stock. Additional statistics are appended.16 In 1840
cers refused to land the suspicious cargo. Leandro Serrano, sometime major- domo of S. Luis, talks of 10 kegs of silver dollars passed of as brandy. Ilayes' Em. Notes, 205; Id. Miscell., 92. I suppose all this to be unfounded. Forbes, Cal., 22, saw Peyri on his way to Mex., publishes his portrait as a frontispiece of his book-said by old Californians to be a good likeness-and describes him as the beau ideal of the old-time fraile with his jolly figure, bald head, and white locks. Nearly all speak well of him. Fray Antonio left Mex. in Feb. 1834, and by way of New York and France reached Bar- celona in June. Instead of the tranquillity he had expected for his old age, he found only turmoil and strife. It was not even safe to visit his native town. He bitterly regretted having left Cal., and confessed his great error; but the doctors told him that his age and infirmities made a return voyage dangerous, even if his funds had not been exhausted. He had brought from Cal. two young neophytes, Pablo and Agapito, whom he had placed in the Propaganda college at Rome, where they were contented and the objects of much interest. All this I learn from the friar's original letter written at an inn at Barcelona, and mailed at Marseilles in April 1836, to Stephen Ander- son in Edinburgh. Vallejo, Doc., MS., iii. 1. Taylor, Discov. & Found., no. 35, p. 201, says he died at Rome in 1835, drawing on his imagination for the fact. The tradition in Cal. is that one of the neophytes completed his edu- cation as a priest, but nothing definite is known of his career. See also, on the life and character of Peyri, Fischer's Missions of Cal., p. vii .- viii .; Du- haut-Cilly, Viaggio, ii. 36; Hughes' Cal. of the Padres, 32; Hayes' Mem- orab., 73; St. Pap. Miss., MS., v. 15; Dept. St. Pap., MIS., ii. 53-4; Id., xix. 18; Lancey's Cruise, 168; S. Diego Union, June 19, 1873; Perez, Recuerdos, MS., 23-7; Ord, Ocurrencias, MS., 75; Vallejo, Remin., MIS., 31-2; Mofras, Explor., i. 343.
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