History of California, Volume III, Part 79

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 824

USA > California > History of California, Volume III > Part 79

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

712

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

district or all above the Santa Clara valley, instead of introducing in different parts of the chapter sep- arate lists for San José, the peninsula, the contra

in 12 tracts to different men. Estéro Americano (Sonoma), 2 1., 1839, Ed. M. McIntosh; Jasper O'Farrell cl. Esteros, see Rincon. Figueroa, see Ojo de Agua. Gatos, sec Rinconada. Guadalupe, see Cañada. Guilicos (So- roma), 4 1., 1837, John Wilson, who was cl. Herrera, see Cañada. Isla de Yeguas, sec Mare Isl. Juntas, see S. Ramon. Juristac (Sta Clara), 1 1., 1855, A. & F. German, who were cl. Laguna de la Merced (S. Mateo & S. 1 .. ), 13 1., 1835, José Ant. Galindo; Josefa de Haro et al. cl. Laguna de l'alos Colorados (Contra Costa), 3 1., 1835, 1841, Joaquin Moraga and Juan Bernal cl. Laguna Seca (Sta Clara), 4 1., 1831, Juan Alvires; heirs of Wm l'isher cl. Llagas, S. F. de las (Sta Clara), 6 1., 1834, Carlos Castro; Murphy cl .; 12 persons living here in 1836. * Llana del Abrevadero (St Clara), 1822, Ant. Higuera et al. cl. Mare Island (Solano), 1840-1, Victor Castro; 1 issell & Aspinwall cl. Marin Co. ranchos, see Canada de Herrera, Corte de Madera, Nicasio, Novato, I't Quintin, Pt Peyes, S. José, Sauza- lito, Tamales. Médanos (Contra Costa), 2 1 .. 1839, José A. Mesa et al. ; J. D). Stevenson et al. cl. Mejanos (Médanos?) (Contra Costa), 4 1., 1835, José Noriega; John Marsh cl. Merced, see Laguna. Milpitas (Sta Clara), 1 1., 1035, José M. Alviso, who was cl. (Claim of Nicolas Berreyesa on a grant of 1834 rejected. ) Molino (Sonoma), or Rio Ayoska, 10} 1., J. B. R. Cooper, who was cl. Monte del Diablo (Contra Costa), 1834, 1844, Salvio Pacheco, who was cl. Napa (Napa Co.), 1838, Salvador Vallejo, confirmed in 24 tracts to dif. men, and two claims rejected. "Napa, 4 1., 1834, C. Brown et al. Napa C'o. ranchos, see also Carneros, Caymus, Entre Napa, Salvador's rancho. #Nicasio (Marin), 20 1., T. Quilaguegui et al. (Ind.); J. B. Alvarado cl. Novato (Clarin), 2 1., 1839, Fernando Felix; B. Simmons, cl. See also Corte de Madera. Nueces, sec Arroyo. Ojo de Agua de la Coche (Sta Clara), 2 1., 1333, Juan M. Hernandez; B. Murphy el. Ojo de Agua de Figueroa (S. F.), 100 v., Apolinario Miranda, whose heirs were cl. Pala (Sta. Clara), 1 1., 1835, I. Higuera; E. White et al. cl. See also Cañada. Palos Colorados, see Laguna. . Petaluma (Sonoma), 10 1 .. 1834, IS43-4, M. G. Va- 1.ejo cl. Pinole (Contra Costa), probably occupied by Ignacio Martinez, to whom it was granted later. Polka (Sta Clara), 1 1., 1833, Isabel Ortega; B. Murphy, cl. Potrero Nuevo, see Rincon. Pozitas (Alameda), 2 1., 1839, Salvio Pacheco; J. Noriega and R. Livermore, cl. Presidio, sce Corte de Madera. Pulgas (S. Mateo), 4 1., 1836 and earlier, Luis Argiiello, whose heirs were cl. Punta de Quintin (Marin), 2 1., 1340, J. B. R. Cooper; B. R. Buckelew, cl. Punta de Reyes (Marin), S and 21., 1836, James R. Berry; B. Phelps and A. Randall, el. A suit between Berry and Osio in 1841 is re- corded in Dept. St. Pap., Ben., P. and J., iv. 49-52. Purísima Concepcion (Sta Clara), 1 1., 1843, José Gorgonio, et al .; Juana Briones el. Quien Sabe, sce Sta Ana. Quintin, sce Punta. Raimundo, see Cañada. Rincon de los Esteros (Sta Clara), 1538, Ignacio Alviso; Ellen C. White, Fran. Berreyesa et al., and Rafael Alviso, cl. Rincon de Salinas y Potrero Nuevo (S. F.), 1 1., 1339. J. C. Bernal, who was cl. Rinconada de los Gatos (Sta Clara) 13 1., 184), S. Peralta and J. Hernandez, who were cl. Rio Ayoska, sce Molino. Sacramento Co., see Arroyo Seco. Salinas, sce Rincon. Salvador's Rancho, (Napa), 520 aeres, 1833, S. Vallejo; conf. in 4 tracts to dif. men. San An- tonio (Alameda), 1820, Luis Peralta; conf. in 5 tracts to heirs, etc. San An- tonio (Sta Clara), 1839, Juan Prado Mesa; Encarn. Mcsa et al., and Wm. A. Dana et al., cl. (Three claims on this grant rejected.) San Antonio, see Arroyo. S. Felipe, sec Las Animas. S. Francisco co. ranchos, see Angeles Isl., C'amaritos, Cañada-de Guadalupe, Corral de Tierra, L. Merced, Ojo de Agua, Rincon de Salinas, Yerba Buena Isl. ; also pueblo lots before L. (". granted to Bernal, Estudiilo, Gulnac, Leese and Vallejo, Valencia. See also Llagas.

713

MISSION DOLORES.

costa, and Sonoma, or the frontera del norte. These ranchos were about eighty in number; but the only ones about whose exact population during the decade anything is known were a few in Santa Clara which have already been mentioned as within the jurisdic- tion of Monterey.

At San Francisco mission, Padre Esténega, retir- ing to the south, was succeeded in 1833 by Padre Lorenzo Quijas, a Zacatecan; and the latter in 1834 by Padre José de Jesus María Gutierrez, who served to the end of 1839. The neophytes numbered 204 in

S. Francisquito (Sta Clara), 1839, Antonio Buelna; M. Concepcion V. de Rodri- gnez et al., cl. S. Isidro (Sta Clara), 1 1., 1833, Quintin Ortega, who was cl. 39 persons living liere in 1836. S. José (Marin), 13 1., 1840, Ignacio l'acheco, who was cl. S. Leandro (Alameda), occupied in 1838 by J. J. Es- tudillo, to whom it was granted later. There were boundary disputes between Estudillo and Guillermo Castro, who occupied the rancho of S. Lorenzo. *S. Matco, 2 1., 1836, 1841, J. C. Sanchez, who was cl. S. Mateo co. ranchos, see Buri Buri, Cañada de Raimundo, Corral de Tierra, L. Merced, Pulgas, S. Mateo, S. Pedro. S. Miguel (Sonoma), 6 1., 1840, 1844, Mark West, whose heirs were el. S. Pablo (Contra Costa), 4 1., 1531. Francisco Castro and heirs et al .; Joaquin I. Castro, el .; rancho also called Cochiyunes. Leg. Rec., MIS., iii. 78, S. Pedro (S. Mateo), 21., 1839, Fran- cisco Sanchez, who was el. S. Ramon (Contra Costa), 2 1., 1833, Rafael Soto de Pacheco et al., who were cl. S. Ramon, 1 1. 1834, Jose MI. Amador; Leo Norris, el. S. Ramon (Alameda), 4 1., 1835, J. M. Amador, who was cl. S. Ramon or Las Juntas (Contra Costa), 2 1., 1833, Bartolo Pacheco and Mariano Castro; Domingo Peralta, cl. Sta Ana y Quien Sabe (Sta Clara), 7 1., 1839, Manuel Larios and J. M. Anzar, who were cl. Sta Clara, see Rio. Sta Clara co. ranchos, sce Animas, Arroyo de la Alameda, Cañada de Corte de Madera, Cañada de l'ala, Cañ. de S. Felipe, Juristac, Laguna Seca, Llagas, Llano del Abrevadero, Milpitas, Ojo de Agua, Pala, Polka, Purísima, Rin- con de Esteros, Rinconada de los Gatos, S. Antonio, S. Francisquito, S. Isidro, Sta Ana, Sta Teresa, Solis, Tularcitos, and Yerba Buena. Sta Rita (Alameda), 1839, J. D. Pacheco, who was cl. Sta Rosa (Sonoma?), 1831. Rafael Gomez. Dept. Rec., MS., ix. 78 (not before L. C.), Sta Tere a (Sta Ciara), 1 1., 1834, Joaquin Bernal; Agustin Bernal, el. Sauzalito (Marin), 3 1., 1833, José Ant. Galindo; (perhaps regranted in 1838 to) W. A. Richard- son, cl. Socayre, seo Yerba Buena. Solis (Sta Clara), (1835?), Mariano Castro, whose heirs were el. Solano co. ranchos, see Carneros, Entre Napa, Mare Isl., and Soscol. Sonoma eo. ranchos, see Agua Caliente, Arroyo de S. Antonio, Estero Americano, Guilicos, Molino, Petaluma, S. Miguel, and Sta Rosa. Soscol (Solano), used as a rancho nacional. Tamales and Bau- linas (Marin), 2 1., 1836, Rafael Garcia. who was el. See Punta de Reyes, also. Tehama co., see Capay. Tularcitos (Sta Clara), 1821, Jose Higuera, whose heirs were cl. Tuolumne co., sce Ausaymas. Valle de S. José (Ala- meda), 1539, Antonio M. Pico; Ant. Suñol et al., el. Visitacion (S. F.), 1839, applied for and occupied, granted later. See also Cañada de Gunda- lupe. Yeguas, seo Mare Ist. Yerba Buena or Socayre (Sta Clara), 1833, .1. Chabolla, who was cl. * Yerba Buena Isl. (S. F.), 1838, José Castro; J. S. Polack, cl.

714

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

1832, probably less than 150 in 1834, and at the end of the decade there were left only 90 living at San Mateo, with possibly 50 more scattered in the dis- trict.16 Crops were small, and records of farming op-

16 S. Francisco mission statistics 1831-4. (No figures whatever for 1833- 4.) Decrease in pop. 219 to about 150 (204 in 1832). Baptisms 7 and S in 1831-2. Deaths 10 and 11 in 1831-2. Gain in large stock 5,132 to 6,018 in 1832, and 10,329 in 1835; horses, etc., 932 to 1,511 in 1835; sheep 2,000 to 4,250 in 1835. Crops 1,670 bush. in 1831, 1,036 bush. in 1832.

Statisties for 1835-40. Debt in Nov. 1834, $10,089. St. Pap. Miss., MS., ix. 65. Inventory of July 28, 1835. Account books, etc., no valuation; buildings minutely described, including 27 structures besides the principal vivienda, 822,482; utensils and furniture $319; manufacturing apparatus $233; goods and produce in storehouse 82,414; garden with fences and fruit- trees $334; corral $335; farming tools $34; launch and boat $SSO; live-stock, chiefly on the coast, 4,445 cattle, 691 horses, 2,125 sheep, 5 mules, 6 asses, 122 swine, $17,172; church property, buildings $9,057, ornaments, etc., $8,770, total $17,827; S. Mateo buildings and produce $2,753; lands, 5 leagues at the mission, 3 1. at S. Mateo, 9 1. at the Parage de la Costa as estimated, for there was no doc. to show extent and no survey, no value given; credits, 40 items, the largest being the estate of Luis Argüello, $402; Id. of Pablo de Sala $416, and Joaquin Ortega $300, total $2542; grand total $67,227, less $7,222 debts (13 items, largest A. B. Thompson $1,948, Virmond $2,668, John C. Jones $1,183), balance $60,004. Original signed by Estudillo, Flores, Valle, and Pedro Castillo in Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxi. 220; also in St. Pap. Miss., MS., vi. 19-21. Sept. 23, 1839. Hartnell found 89 Ind. all at S. Mateo; 758 cattle, 967 horses, 1,272 sheep, 34 mules, and 2 asses. Hartnell, Diario, MS., 43. May 13, 1840, there were 320 cattle, 707 horses, 1,300 sheep, 40 mules, and S asses, other remnants of property being of no value. St. Pap. Miss., MS., vii. 36-7, and debts amounting to $2,615. Pico, Pap. Miss., MS., 47- 51.

Statistics of. 1776-1832. Total of baptisms, 6,998, of which 3,715 Ind. adults, 2,820 Ind. children, 454 children de razon; annual average 113. Marriages 2,121, of which S5 de razon; average 37. Deaths 5,553, of which 3,464 Ind. adults, 1,900 Ind. children, 5S and 111 gente de razon; annual av- arage 94; average death rate 12.4 per cent of pop. Largest pop. 1,252 in 1820; males always in excess; children 3 to !. Largest no. of cattle 11,240 in ISOS; horses 1,239 in 1831; mules 42 in 1813; sheep 11,324 in 1813; all kinds 22,663 animals in 1805. Total product of wheat 114,480 bush., yield 10 fold; barley 59,500 bush., 9 fold; maize 16,900 bush., 51 fold; beans 10,- 380 bush., 25 fold; miscel. grains 19,053 bush., 24 fold.

Summary of events, etc. 1831. Status under Echeandia's decree, never enforced. This vol., p. 306-7. 1833. Proposition before the dip. to fix bounds of mission lands. Id., 249. Reports in favor of secularization. Id., 333, 335. 1834. Joaquin Estudillo appointed comisionado in Sept. St. Pap., Miss., MS., ix. 62. May 10th, petition of the padre to dip. for a definition of boundaries. Leg. Rec., MS., ii. 63. Sept. 28th, Estudillo recommends the discharge of one of the two majordomos to save expense. St. Pap. Miss., MS., ix. 62. Oct., claim of a neofita, married to Robles of Branciforte, for 63 head of cattle left by her father and incorporated with the mission herds. P. Abella testified that he knew nothing of the matter, and the gov. decided that the woman was entitled to only her pro rata on the general distribution. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., MS., v. 22-31, 85-92. 1833. Estudillo having some trouble with the padre, Ignacio del Valle came up from Sta Cruz to take his place or to aid him; and on July 28th, as per inventory already cited, the estate was turned over to Gumesindo Flores as administrator. Valle, Lo Pu- sado, MIS., 10; Sta Cruz Arch., MS., 74; St. Pup., Miss., MS., vi. 19. The

715

SAN RAFAEL.

crations amount to nothing; but in live-stock there seems to have been a large gain down to the secular- ization in 1834-5. Joaquin Estudillo was the comi- sionado, aided by Ignacio del Valle; and the successive administrators were Gumesindo Flores in 1835-6, José de la Cruz Sanchez in 1836-40, and Tiburcio Vasquez from 1840. The inventory of the transfer in 1835 showed a total valuation of $60,000, or, for real estate and fixtures, land not being valued, $25,- 800; church property $17,800; and available assets, chiefly live-stock, in excess of debts, $16,400. In 1840 the debt amounted to only $2,600, but the little remnant of cattle and sheep could not have been worth much more. If any property was ever divided among the Indians, there are no records to show it.

Padre Amorós died at San Rafael in 1832,17 and

trouble between Estudillo and P. Gutierrez arose from a charge of the former that the latter had neglected his duties in administering the sacraments to the dying Indians. E. complained to the gov., at which Prefect Garcia Diego was angry, deeming it an interference of secular officials in matters of ecclesi- astical prerogative; but in Aug. he acknowledged Gutierrez' 'criminal negli- gence, and promised to chide him. Id., ix. 62-5; Arch. Arzob., MS., v. pt. ii. 8, 11. 1836. José de la Cruz Sanchez in Dec. succeeded Flores, who re- signed. Vallejo, Doc., MS., iv. 47, 36. 1837. March 19th, Sanchez asks Vallejo to compel the padre to give up one of his 9 rooms. Id., i. 27. July Ist, Vallejo sends 19 Ind. from Sonoma to aid in mission work; will probably send more. Id., iv. 262. 1838. See a view of the mission in Forbes' C'al., reproduced in Annals of S. F. 1839. Sanchez still in charge. Hartnell in Sept. found the accounts in such a condition as might be expected, the ad- min. not being able to read or write (?). The Ind. were discontented with hard work and no ropa; wanted to live in liberty under the care of Vicente Miramonte; feared that S. Mateo would be taken from them; desired also to keep the coast lands from Pilarcitos to Purísima; and some of them to have the Canada de Guadalupe. Hartnell, Diario, MS., 7-S. This year, as we have seen, Dolores was made cabecera of the partido, and three lots were granted to citizens of S. F. pueblo. 1840. Sanchez was succeeded in May by Tiburcio Vasquez. St. Pap., Miss., MS., vii. 36.

17 Juan Amorós was a Catalan, born at Porrera Oct. 10, 1773. He became a Franciscan at Gerona in 1791 and was ordained in 1797. He came to Mex- ico in 1803, and to California in 1804, serving as a missionary at S. Carlos in 1804-19, and S. Rafael in 1819-32. Ilis superiors rated him as possessed of more than common ability, and well fitted for office or a professorship. _ lu'o- biog. Antoy. de los Padres, MS .; Sarria, Inf. de 1817, MS., p. 32-3; Payeris, Inf., 1820, MS., 140. Padre Amoros was noted for the zeal with which he undertook every task whether temporal or spiritual. He was a successf il business manager, a mechanic of more than ordinary skill, and a kind mis- sionary well liked by his neophytes. He was always in good health, and never could find too much work to do. He strove to please all classes and engaged in no controversies. In 1817 he wrote a letter urging the extension of trade and especially the fair treatment of foreigners. He promised fidelity to the

716

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

the mission was in charge of Padre Estenega of San Francisco until the Zacatecan José María Vasquez del Mercado came in 1833, to be replaced in 1834 by Padre José Lorenzo de la Concepcion Quijas, also a Zacatecan, who from that year had charge of both San Rafael and Solano, living at the former chiefly. Statistics of the last years of this establishment as a mission are for the most part wanting,18 but the num-

Mx. republic and was praised even by Echeandia and José M. Estudillo. The tradition is that once when the mission was attacked by savages he crossed the bay to S. F. on a tule balsa with a woman and several children. He died at S. Rafacl at 3 A. M. on July 14, 1832, and was buried in the church on the 16th by P. Fortuni, his predecessor at the mission, who had known him since 1702, and declared him to be a saint. S. Rafael, Lib. Mis., MS., 12.

18 S. Rafael statistics for 1831-2, extremely unreliable (no figures for 1833-4). Decrease in pop. 970 to 300 (probably should be 700 or 900, though possibly 300 only were at the mission when the report was made, or more likely there is an error in the figures). Baptisms 155 (including 110 adults ?) in 1931 and 15 in 1832. Deaths 20 and 37 in IS31-2. Increase in large stock 1,518 to 2,442 (?); horses and mules 448 to 372; sheep 1,852 to 3,000. Crops 1,930 bush. in 1831, 1,776 bush. in 1832.

Statistics of 1834-40. Inventory of Sept. 31, 1834. Church property, building, $192, ornamentos, etc., $777, library of 75 vols $108, total $1,077; mission buildings $1,123; garden or orchard, $968; boats, etc., $500; live- stock $4,330; Nicasio rancho $7,256; credits $170; total $18,474; debts $3,44S; balance $15,025. St. Pap., Miss., MS., v. 58-9. Dec., there were distributed to 343 Ind. (doubtless males or heads of families, representing a pop. of at least 500 souls) 1,291 sheep and 439 horses. Id. Inventory of Nov. 30, 1836. Manufacturing estab., produce, tools, and probably buildings, $1,434; live- stock $1,35; orchard $891; rancho $6,644; credits $464; total $10, SIS; debts $3,177; balance $7,641. Id., vii. 55-6, 78-9. Pop. in 1838, 365 souls. Id., vi. 26. Hartnell's inventory of Sept. IS, 1839. Pop. 195 at the mission; 474 horses, 26 yoke of oxen, 3 mules (cattle and sheep torn off); 417 fan. grain, 42 hides, 72 deer-skins, 60 arr. tallow. Hartnell, Diario, MS., 98. Debt in 1840 to Spear, Celis, Aguirre, Scott, Shaw, John Reed, Tim. Murphy, and Rotscheff, $1,967. Pico, Pap., Miss., MS., 47-51.

Statistics of 1817-34. Total of baptisms, 1873, of which 1,096 Ind. adults, 768 Ind. children, 2 and 7 de razon; annual average 103. Marriages 343, of which S de razon. Deaths 698, of which 45S Ind. adults, 239 Ind. children, 1 de razon; annual average 38; average death rate 6.09 per cent of pop. Largest pop. 1,140 in 1828; sexes about equal, children .. Largest no. of cattle 2, 120 (?) in 1832; horses 450 in 1831; mules 1-4; sheep 4,000 in 1822-3; swine 30 in 1823; all kinds 5,508 animals in 1832. Total product of wheat 17,905 bush. yield S fold; barley 12,339 bush., 9 fold; maize 3,637 bush., 40 fold; beans 1,360 bush., 13 fold; miscel. grains 412 bush., S fold.

Summary of events, etc. 1832. The mission was attacked by savages, against whom an expedition was sent out under Lazaro Piña. Vallejo, Doc., MS., i. 307. 1833. Trouble between P. Mercado and Alf. Vallejo; the friar's murderous slaughter of gentiles. This vol., p. 322-4. 1834. Ignacio Martinez takes charge as comisionado. Oct. Ist, boundaries assigned to the pueblo of S. Rafael; from Arroyo de las Animas, down Canada de los Baulenes to the shore, and on opposite or northern side the Canada of the Arroyo de S. Antonio to Los Tamales, and from Punta de Quintin to the month of S. Antonio cr. along the bay shore. St. Pap., Miss., MS., xi. 11, 19, with the map which is here reproduced. S. Rafael, Solano, S. José mission, and the colony were to

717

SAN RAFAEL.

ber of neophytes in 1834 must have been about 500, a decrease of about 50 per cent since 1830; and in 1840 there were 190 Indians living in community with probably 150 scattered. The valuation in 1834 was $18,500, or deducting real estate and church property, $4,500 in excess of debts; two years later the debt seems to have considerably exceeded the available assets, though this fact is somewhat misleading as an indication of the actual state of affairs. A large por-

Laguna

Arroyo 'de San Antonio

De de

LOMPALI

Punta Reyes

Tamales

NOVATO

Canada de Tamales

la de En. Geronimo

SAN JOSE

'Lohuds"

GALLINAS

BAULENES

STA. MARGARITA

مسقعة

- AN. PEDRO

PALA DE "-LE GUA

TIBURON

SAUCITO

ILLO

MAP OF S. RAFAEL LANDS IN 1834.

tion of the property was distributed at the secular- ization and is not included in the inventory of 1836. The Nicasio rancho was also granted to the cx-100-

form a parish of Ist class. This vol., p. 34S. 1835. Martinez in charge. May Ist, Vallejo acknowledges receipt of an order to put certain Ind. in pos- session of Nicasio, which is given them in full ownership, and their rights must be protected. Vallejo, Doc., MIS., iii. 29 (this grant was rejected by the L. C.) August ISth, gov. urges V. to attend to Figueroa's order of this date to take especial care of the S. F. Indians at S. Rafael, who had ditlienlty in moving their property (?) for lack of boats. Id., Ilist. Cal., iii. 70. Oct. 20th, V. complains that the padre (Quijas) resides at S. Rafael though paid by so-

San Rafael

Quinti 1

718

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

phytes. In 1837, as the Indians were not as a rule making good use of their liberty, and as political and other troubles rendered proper supervision impossible, the property was collected into a common fund, under General Vallejo's promise of redistribution when cir- cumstances should be more favorable. Ignacio Mar- tinez was in charge as comisionado in 1834-6, followed by John Reed as administrator in 1836-7, and Timo- thy Murphy in 1837-40. Hartnell in his first tour of 1839 found the Indians discontented, especially in view of constant encroachments on their lands. They insisted on complete emancipation and the promised distribution of property, protesting in 1840 against the enforcement of Alvarado's reglamento, and being supported by Vallejo, who insisted that the mission had been completely secularized, and that his promises must be fulfilled. After a controversy with Hartnell and the governor Vallejo's view of the matter in sub- stance prevailed; and a distribution of the live-stock at least was ordered.

noma. Id., Doc., iii. 45. 1836. Martinez turns over estate to John Reed on Nov. 30th. St. Pap., Miss .. MS., vii. 55, 78. 1837. Reed is succeeded by Timothy Murphy on April 21st. Id., 78. Visit of Edwards in March, Diary, MS., 14-17, who also visited Cooper's mill and the ranchos of Reed and Martin. He gives little information, but notes that the Ind. were not making good use of the property that had been distributed. Complaints of vagabond foreigners in the region. J'allejo, Doc., MS., iv. 343. 1838. Jan., José Talis, capt. of the Tamales, is permitted to leave S. Rafael with those of his tribe, on condition of sending a few men occasionally to hear mass, if any mass should be celebrated. Id., v. 23. 1839. Hartnell's visit was in Sept. He found the accounts in bad condition, as the admin. could not read or write. The old Christians desired their liberty and the distrib. of property; and all complained that hardly any land remained to them. They needed S. Anselmo, part of which was in possession of the Sainses and part asked for by Cooper; Las Gallinas desired by Berreyesa; and Arroyo de S. José cultivated last year by Murphy for the community, but now in possession of Pacheco; and Pt S. Pedro, which Murphy wants, and S. Gerónimo occupied by Rafael ('acho. The neophyte Camilo had occupied Olompali since 1834, and was in- dustrions and successful, but now the Mirandas were encroaching, and Camilo demanded a regular title to his land. All complained that for two years no clothing had been distributed. Hartnell, Diario, MS., 7, 43, 52, 98. 1840. Jan .- May, controversy between Hartnell and Vallejo. This vol., 601; iv. 61. Il. came to put the mission under the new reglamento, appointing Gregorio Briones as majordomo; but the Ind. were opposed to being returned to mission life; and H. finally agreed to favor Vallejo's plan of distributing the property after paying the debts. St. Pap., Miss., MS., xi. 12-17. Oct. 13th, Vallejo to Murphy, orders him at once to distribute 3 cattle and one horse to each of the Ind. Vallejo, Doc., MS., ix. 291.

719

SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO.

Father Fortuni served at San Francisco Solano until 1833, when his place was taken by the Zacatecan, José de Jesus María Gutierrez, who in turn changed places in March 1834 with Padre Lorenzo Quijas of San Francisco. Quijas remained in charge of ex-mis- sion and pueblo as acting curate throughout the dec- ade, but resided for the most part at San Rafael. Though the neophyte population, as indicated by the reports, decreased from 760 to 650 in 1834 and 550 in 1835,19 yet there was a gain in live-stock and but

19 S. Francisco Solano statistics, 1831-4. Decrease in pop. 760 to 650. Baptisms 555, largest no. 232 (106 adults) in 1831; smallest 22 in 1833. Deaths 272, largest no. 106 in 1833, smallest 43 in 1834. Gain in large stock 2,729 to 6,015 (in 1833; no figures for 1834); horses and mules 729 to 1,164 (id.); sheep (id.) 4,000 to 7,114. Largest crop 3,260 bush. in 1832; smallest 2,347 bush. in 1833; average 2,750 bush., of which wheat 1,414, yield 10 fold; barley 917, 15 fold; corn 328, 62 fold; beans 36, 5 fold; miscel. grains 39, 7 fold.

Statistics of 1823-34. Total of baptisms (to 1835) 1,315, of which 641 Ind. adults, 671 Ind. children, 3 children de razon; annual average 101. Marriages (to 1833) 278, of which 1 de razon. Deaths 651, of which 462 Ind. adults, 187 Ind. chil., 1 and 1 de razon; annual average 54; average deatlı- rate 7.8 per cent of pop. Largest pop. 996 in 1832; sexes nearly equal; chil- dren !. Largest no. of cattle 4,849 in 1833; horses 1,148 in 1833; mules 18 in 1833; sheep 7,114 in 1833; swine 80 in 1826-7; all kinds 13,193 animals in 1833. Total product of wheat 13,450 bush., yield 9 fold; barley 5,970 bush., 15 fold, 3,270 bush., 62 fold; beans 306 bush., 7 fold; miscel. grains 640 bush., 13 fold.

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History of California, Volume III, Part 79

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885-1890 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 824

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 824