History of California, Volume III, Part 77

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 824

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696

LOCAL ANNALS OF MONTEREY DISTRICT.

paz José Bolcof took charge this year or the next. The secularization of 1835 was considered more com- plete than at most other establishments, and the Pueblo de Figueroa, distinct from the villa across the river, came into existence on paper; but I find no in- dication of real pueblo organization, or that the status of this ex-mission community differed in any respect from that of others.

The population of the villa de Branciforte, given as 150 at the beginning, may be estimated at 250 at the end of the decade, though there are no definite figures for this period. In 1831-5 the villa seems to have elected its own ayuntamiento of alcalde, two regidores, and síndico; though I find nothing to authorize this apparent independence from the civil authorities of Monterey. In 1836-40, however, the subordination to the latter was officially asserted, and an alcalde auxiliar was annually appointed, or a juez de paz after 1839, the popular choice being usually approved by the Monterey ayuntamiento and governor or prefect. The successive municipal chiefs of Branciforte, the list of subordinate officers being incomplete,17 were

17 Summary of Branciforte annals. 1831, Alcalde Joaquin Castro. 1832. Alcalde Joaquin Buelna, regidor Manuel Villagrana, jueces de campo Rafael Castro and Francisco Soria. Municipal receipts $36, expend. $26. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., MS., v. 80-1. 1833, Alcalde José Antonio Robles, regidor Juan José Castro, deposed by the alcalde in June but reinstated by the gov. Id., P. & J., v. 40. Munic. receipis with $10 balance from 1832, $13, expend. $42. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iii. 131. Dec. 1Sth, 21th, elections of town officers for next year. Id., 127-31. 1834. Alcalde José Bolcof; regidores José Maria Salazar (?) and José Teran; síndico Rafael Castro, secretary José de los Santos Avila. Jan. 6th, alcalde's instructions to jueces de campo. Sta Cruz, Arch., MS., 93-4. Jan. 22d, gov. approves alcalde's appointment of a monthly com- mission of regidor and 4 citizens to visit the ranchos, prevent thefts of horses, and catch runaway neophytes to work on the casas consistoriales. Id., 83. Expenses of the year $40, including a baston de justicia which cost $15. Dept. St. Pap., B. M., MS., Ixxviii. 6-7. May 10th, the ayunt had imposed a tax of $1 per vara of thickness on every tree felled and SI on every otter skin, for the payment of a teacher and of the secretary. Leg. R.c., MS., ii. 62; St. Pap., M. & C., MS., ii. 237-S. June 12th, Zamorano reports that the civil jurisdiction of Branciforte extends from the ranchos north of Sta Cruz to the rancho of José Amesti, between the summit of the sierra and the shore. Id., 218. June 28th, gov. provisionally fixes the limits of the jurisdiction as the S. F. boundary in the north, the S. Andres rancho of Joaquin Castro in the south, between the sea and the summit. Id., 220. 1835. Alcalde Alejandro Rodriguez. Síndico Macedonio Lorenzana. Receipts $31, expend. $13. Sta Cruz, Arch., MS., 84. Dec. 2Sth, gov. tells alcalde that Branciforte, not hav- ing the pop. necessary for an ayunt., must be subject to the ayunt. of Mon-

697

BRANCIFORTE.

Joaquin Castro, Joaquin Buelna, José Antonio Ro- bles, José Bolcof, Alejandro Rodriguez, Rafael Castro, Antonio Rodriguez, Joaquin Buelna again, and José Bolcof. Municipal finances were in a healthful con- dition, or at least expenses were so kept down that there was usually a balance of more than a dollar in the treasury at the year's end. The villanos still did something to sustain their old reputation in the way of social irregularities and popular tumults; if they seem not to have sustained it fully, the fault is per- haps not theirs but that of the defective records. About 20 ranchos were granted in this region before 1840, a list of which with others in the Monterey district has been given in this chapter.

terey. He will appoint an auxiliary alcalde. St. Pap., M. & C., MS., ii. 366. 1836. Alcalde auxiliar Rafael Castro. Miguel Villagrana was elected Jan. 19th, but objection was made that he could not read or write and that the election was irregular; therefore the ayunt. of Mont. after consulting the gov. appointed Castro. Dept. St. Pap., Mont., MS., vi. 13-15. Sindico, Miguel Ramirez. (But Francisco Juarez is mentioned in Jan. Sta Cruz Arch., MS., 84.) Secretary Joaquin Buelna appointed in March at $10 per month. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 99-107. April, alcalde complains of the actions of Gervasio Soto and wife; who, in revenge for being watched in accordance with orders from Mont., caught two buzzards and tied firebrands to the birds, thus setting a man's house on fire. Mont. Arch., MS., ii. 6-7. P. Real also complains to the gov. of disorders resulting from ill-assorted marriages; Juan Pinto and his wife separated; Fran. Soria beating his family; and Gervasio Soto and family the cause of all the trouble. Soto should be banished in the interest of public tranquillity. Id., 7-8. 1837, Alcalde auxiliar Antonio Rod- riguez. Unb. Doc., MS., 215-6. No other record for the year. 1838. Al- calde Joaquin Buelna; regidores Francisco Soria and Macedonio Lorenzana; juez de campo Miguel Villagrana. Election of Feb. 12th. S. Jos', Arch., MS., iv. 34. "There is no explanation of this election, or why regidores were chosen. Probably there is some error, and Buelna was simply appointed al- calde auxiliar, though the people were allowed to express their choice. In- deed, Buelna is called juez auxiliar in several doc. of the year. There was no change of system. Aug. Ist, Feliciano Soberanes, from Mont., informns Gen. Vallejo of Ind. outrages in the region. Eugenio Soto's body riddled with arrows was found hanging near Sta Cruz. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 122. 1839. Alcalde or juez auxiliar Joaquin Buelna until July, when Prefect Cas- tro appointed José Bolcof on the ground that Buelna had long held the place, and other citizens should have a chance to hold office. Sta Cruz, Arch., MS., 50; St. Pap., Sac., MS., xi. 3. Síndico Macedonio Lorenzana; sec. Manuel Rodriguez, perhaps both for the next year. Mont. Arch., MS., ix. IS. Gil Sanchez tithe-collector. Sta Cruz, Arch., MS., 29. Branciforte's quota of re- cruits called for in July was 15. This vol., p. 583. Munic. receipts for year SIS, expend. $39. Mont. Co., Arch., MS., IS. Tumult of April 16th, in which citizens revolted against the alcalde and resisted arrest by the prefect's forces, two being killed and several wounded. Id., 588; Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., v. 3-4. 1840. Juez de paz, José Bolcof. April, 4 recruits called for. Sta Cruz, Arch., MS., 22. May, 10 foreigners in the jurisdiction. 4 being naturalized. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xviii. 71-3. For account of the Graham affair, many of the exiles residing in this region, see chap. i. of vol. iv.

CHAPTER XXV.

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

1831-1840.

GAIN IN POPULATION-NUMBER OF INHABITANTS IN CALIFORNIA, NORTH AND SOUTH-SUMMARY OF SAN FRANCISCO EVENTS-MILITARY AFFAIRS -- COMPANY TRANSFERRED TO SONOMA-PUEBLO AND AYUNTAMIENTO- GRANTING OF LOTS-LATER LITIGATION-GROWTH OF YERBA BUENA- RICHARDSON, LEESE, AND SPEAR-PRIVATE RANCHOS OF THE DISTRICT- SAN FRANCISCO MISSION-SAN RAFAEL-PADRE AMORÓS' MAP OF MIS- SION LANDS-SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO-PUEBLO OF SONOMA-GENERAL VALLEJO'S ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FRONTERA DEL NORTE-SAN JOSÉ MIS- SION-A PROSPEROUS ESTABLISHMENT-SANTA CLARA-PADRES VIADER AND MORENO-PUEBLO DE SAN JOSÉ DE GUADALUPE DE ALVARADO- POPULATION-MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS AND LIST OF OFFICIALS-SUMMARY OF EVENTS.

THE population of gente de razon at San Francisco, given as 300 in 1830, may be regarded as 280, about equally divided between the peninsula and contra costa, in 1840, the departure of the soldiers having more than counterbalanced the gain from other sources. Adding 750 for San José and 200 for So- noma and the northern frontier we have a total for the district of 1,330, a gain from 840 during the de- cade.1 The ex-neophyte Indian population had mean- while decreased from 4,920 to 2,300, of which num-

1 Data for estimating the district pop., except at S. José, for which we have a regular padron, are very meagre. The size of the ayunt .- 2 regidores -in 1835 may indicate a pop. between 50 and 200 in the jurisdiction. Also in 1835, the resident signers to a petition were 30 in the contra costa. In 1837 the militia company of S. F. jurisdiction-peninsula and contra costa- numbered 86, which should be about § of the pop. And finally in 1842 a padron shows 157 gente de razon on the peninsula. In the northern frontier district there were in 1840 about 70 soldiers, cavalry and infantry, who with their families and those of the few rancheros etc. cannot have represented a pop. of less than 200, my estimatc.

( 698)

699

POPULATION.

ber not over 1,250 were still living in the ex-mission communities. Combining the totals for San Francis- co and Monterey districts we have for the population of northern California 2,930 and 4,040 Indians, against 1,940 and 8,400 Indians ten years earlier, and against 2,850 and 5,100 Indians in the south. Again com- bining the figures for north and south we have a total population for California in 1840 of 5,780 and 9,140 Indians, against 4,250 and 18,000 Indians in 1830. The foreign population as estimated elsewhere was 380, more than half of the number probably being in- cluded in the preceding figures.

But for the organization of a municipal government and the growth of a new settlement at Yerba Buena, to be noticed presently, there is nothing in the record of events at San Francisco that calls for further men- tion than is given in the appended summary.2 Never

2 Summary and index of San Francisco events. 1831. Possible visit of Gov. Victoria in March or April. This vol., p. 186. Execution of Rubio for murder in Aug., a famous case. Id., 191-3. Plottings of Padres and Val- lejo, and exile of the former in Oct. Id., 197, 200. Cáceres, the only Span- jard in the jurisdiction, ordered away. Id., 401. Adhesion of S. F. to the S. Diego plan against Victoria in Dec. Id., 212. Oysters said to have been discovered in the bay by Capt. John Bell. S. F. Call., June 5, 1867. 1832. S. F. adheres to the new Zamorano plan, after a little trouble and a tempo- rary suspension of Com. Sanchez in favor of Martinez. This vol., 223-4. Mutiny on the Wm Thompson, smuggling by the Bolivar, and otter hunt- ing in the bay. Id., 364-5, 374. 1833. Trouble between Vallejo and his soldiers. Id., 248. Hard times, and Vallejo's troubles with the padres. I.l., 322. Smuggling and seizure of vessels. Id., 365-6, 369, 393. Visit of Douglas, the Scotch botanist. Id., 404. 1834. Election of an ayuntamiento. See note on munic. affairs, this chapter.

1835. Proposition of the U. S. to purchase S. F. Bay. Id., 400. The colonist conspirators embarked on the Rosa. Id., 286-8. Dana's descriptivo matter. Two Years, 2G1 et seq., 439 et seq. 1836. The presidio for the most part abandoned, the company having been transferred to Sonoma. Note on inil. affairs, this chapter. The Russians had a license to build a warehouse, but did not utilize it. This vol., p. 426. Wreck of the Peor es Nada in Jan. Vol. iv. 105. Celebration of July 4th. See note on Yerba Buena, this chap. 1837. Organization of a militia company. Visit of Edwards from Oregon. iv. 86. Edwards found half-a-dozen families living at the ruined presidio, and he incorrectly attributed its ruin and desertion to the lato revolution against Mexico. Capt. Hinckley arrested for smuggling. iv. 103. Visits of Belcher and a part of Petit-Thouars' expedition in Oct., the narratives con- taining nothing on the state of affairs, though scientific observations wero made. In his memorial to the gort on Ang. 17th, Gen. Vallejo had much to say of the advantages of S. F., with 8 towns, 17 haciendas, and 25 ranchos, with 125,000 head of cattle, etc., situated near the bay, and tributary to the port. Vallejo, Esposicion, MS., 13-14; Id., Doc., MS., iv. 299.

1838. Gov. Carrillo closes the port in Jan. This vol., p. 345. Vallejo

700

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

since the foundation had life in the peninsula estab- lishments been more monotonous and uneventful than in this decade. Even the stirring scenes of the revo- lution and following sectional quarrels in 1836-8 had little effect on the tranquillity of San Francisco, ex- cept that a few of its citizens went abroad to serve in the patriot, or rebel, army, and the rest were kept busy in awaiting and discussing news from Monterey and the south. Belcher, Petit-Thouars, and Laplace made some explorations in the bay without having any remarkable experiences or embodying much infor- mation in their published narratives respecting the state of affairs on shore. A small fleet of traders anchored each year in the port, but matters connect- ed with commerce, vessels, and revenue have been pretty fully recorded elsewhere in chapters specially devoted to those subjects at all the ports.3

The presidial cavalry company varied in 1831-4 from 40 to 30 men rank and file, besides six or eight inválidos, half of this force or more being absent ou escolta duty at the missions of Santa Clara, San José, San Rafael, and Solano, and the effective force of the

here in Feb. trying to raise men for service in the war. Id., 547. May. Re- turn of S. F. troops under Sanchez from the south. Id., 563. Earthquake in June, doing some damage at the mission. iv. 78. Oct. A band of robbers plundered stores (at the presidio?). Vallejo, Doc., v. 204. 1839. Visit of John A. Sutter in July. Vol. iv., p. 127 et seq. Visit of Laplace in Aug. Id., 153. According to Dept. St. Pap .. Mont., MS., iv. 107, the military post was abandoned so that no salute was fired. Laplace's narrative gives no definite information about the state of things at S. F., though there is no lack of philosophic reflections; and there is the same lack of information in the narrative of Belcher, whose visit was in Sept. According to Davis, Glimpses, MS., 44, the winter was very severe and rainy. 1840. Nothing to be noted in the record of events.

3 For 1831-5 see chap. xiii. this vol .; for 1836-40, chap. iii. of vol. iv. An- tonio M. Osio in charge of the revenues, $2,419 in S months, in 1831. Russian vessels at S. F. during the decade, see iv. p. 158-9, 163 et seq. 1833. Ban- dini in congress unable to open S. F. as a full port. Pedro del Castillo in charge of revenues as receptor in 1833-5. Much complaint of smuggling, and need of a treasury officer. No custom-house officer in 1836-S. Win A. Rich- ardson captain of the port from 1836 or 1837. Vessels, tonnage, and exports in 1837-9, Richardson's record vol. iv. p. SS-93. Vallejo from this year made earnest but unsuccessful efforts to transfer the custom-house from Mont. to S. F. 1838. Carrillo attempts to close the port as a southern war measure. 1839. Francisco Guerrero appointed receptor of customs after Leese had been recommended but not approved. His pay was 25 per cent of receipts. Rich- ardson got $60 per month. 1840. Douglas' estimate of S. F. exports $80,000.

701

MILITARY RECORD.

garrison being from 18 to ten soldiers. The nominal expense as per pay-rolls was from $10,000 to $9,000 per year. The officers of the company, each serving at times as commandant of the post, after the retire- ment of Lieut Martinez in September 1831 were alféreces Mariano G. Vallejo and José Sanchez, the former being absent as member of the diputacion and revolutionist in 1832 and the latter being succeeded by Dámaso Rodriguez at the end of 1633. The com- pany sergeants were José Berreyesa in 1831, Pablo Pacheco in 1832-5, and Cayetano Juarez from 1833.

4 San Francisco military items. 1833. Efforts of Vallejo to collect tithes in cattle for the company; 170 head collected; gov. also calls on the missions for contributions of cattle for a rancho nacional. Pinto, Doc., MS., i. 67; Vallejo, Doc., MS., ii. 67; Dept. St. Pap., B. M., MS., Ixxv. 1-2; Id., Ben. C. & T., ii. 73-81. March 6th, $737 in goods sent by the comisario at Mont. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxii. 23. Vallejo's complaints of privations of his men. This vol., p. 322; but also demands for more soldiers and for a treasury official. Doc., MS., ii. 25, 27; St. Pap., M. & C., MS., ii. 315. 1834. Jan., gov. declines to permit escoltas to go to S. Francisco to receive what the missions will give for the rancho nacional. Dept. St. Pap., MIS., iii. 142. May 3d, Vallejo re- ports the presidio buildings in a ruinous condition since the rains, the fort being nearly destroyed. He demands immediate aid to save the war material, and gets authority to act and make estimates. Id., B. M., Ixxviii. 5-6. Later V. suggested the sale of the buildings to soldiers on pay account or to others in exchange for live-stock for the rancho; and he is authorized to so dispose of them, reserving barracks; but there is no further record. Vallejo, Doc., MS., iii. 129; xxxi. 133. For the year 1833-4, the company received $3,574, leaving $5,191 still due. Dept. St. Pup., B. M., MS., Ixxx. 3. 1835. Re- ceipts from Solano in supplies 8422. Pinto, Doc., MS., i. 151. Sept. 10th, V. authorized to receive 200 cattle as a loan for the rancho. Vallejo, Dor., MS., iii. 73. Oct. 20th, V. says he has sent 600 cattle and some horses by Car- gnines to the frontier rancho. No profit to be expected for two years. Id., 79. 1836. A party sent to S. Rafael for cattle for the rancho. Id., 109. Feb. 29th, Vallejo to gov. recommends that the best buildings be appraised and turned over to soldiers ou acct of their back pay. Others may be sold for cattle for the rancho. Id., 97. 1837. Over $30,000 of back pay due the company. Id., Exposicion, 20. Jan., a new civic company organized at S. F. under Capt. Francisco Sanchez, lieutenants José Martinez and Joaquin Castro, alféreces Manuel Sanchez and Antonio M. Peralta, with 3 sergeants, 6 corporals, and 72 privates, 86 men in all. Vallejo, Doc., MS., iv. 14, xxiv. 7. Armament and war material at the presidio, report of Joaquin Pina Jan. 7th; S iron guns- 3 24-pounders-3 of which are useless; S brass guns, I useless; 994 balls; 4 muskets, 1 pistol, 1 machete, 37 musket balls, and a few trifles. Id., xxiv. 4. 1838. Oct., Spear has 2 small guns for sale to Gen. V. Id., v. 214. 1839. Capt. Sanchez named as com., also Prado Mesa. Aug., minister of war, says orders have been given for the protection of S. F. Sarage, Doc., MIS., iv. 327. Dec., the Mex. govt., in accordance with V.'s suggestions, authorized the removal of the fortifications to Angel Island. Vallejo, Doc., MS., vi. 217; viii. 352; Dept. Rec., MS., x. 32-3. 1840. Funds sent from Mont, to Sonoma for the comp. to amount of $2,700, and 8700 for the general. Also for S. F., $2,700 in July. Dept. St. Pap , Ben., iii. 146-7, 152; Id., (. & T., iv. 3. Pay-roll for 1840, $14,658. March 17th, Vallejo calls on gov. for aid, being

702

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

There was also in 1831-2 an artillery detachment of eight men under the successive command of Petronilo Rios, Lázaro Piña, and Antonio Mendez. In 1835 the company was tranferred to Sonoma, where its force was reduced to 20 in 1837, but raised to nearly 50 in 1839-40. The officers, after Vallejo had been made captain and general, were Alférez Rodriguez to 1838; Sergeant Juan Prado Mesa, made alférez in 1837, and acting as comandante in 1839-40; Antonio Peña, sergeant in 1836 and alférez in 1837; and sergeants Cayetano Juarez in 1836, Ignacio Pacheco in 1837, Ignacio Higuera and Lázaro Piña in 1839, and Santos Berreyesa in 1840. After the transfer Alférez Rod- riguez remained at the presidio in 1835 with two or three men; and after that year San Francisco was abandoned by the regular soldiers but for an occasional visit by an inspecting officer; and the mission escoltas were also recalled. In 1837 a company of civic militia numbering 86 men was organized under Captain Fran- cisco Sanchez, who subsequently figured as command- ant of the post. It does not appear that these militia- men did anything more than 'hold themselves in readiness' for the country's service, or that they ever garrisoned the presidio, where, however, from two to six men lived with their families in 1836-40, and where as we shall see ayuntamiento meetings were held in 1835-8.

Down to 1834 the military commandant had exer- cised political and judicial jurisdiction in the San Francisco district, except at San José and Branci- forte; but now an organization of civil government, in the north as elsewhere, was demanded by the laws, by the spirit of the times, and by Figueroa's plans. The change was the more necessary because of the proposed transfer of the military establishment to the frontera del norte. Besides the soldiers soon to depart for

about to station a company at S. F. Vallejo, Doc., MS., ix. 79, 81. For com- pany rosters and accounts see Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxi .- vi .; S. F. Cuentos de la Comp., MS., xxii., xxiv .- v., besides many scattered items in other archives.

703

PUEBLO OF SAN FRANCISCO.

Sonoma there were on the peninsula and contra costa a few gente de razon, perhaps nearly 200 in all, whose civil needs required attention. Accordingly the gov- ernor, after some preliminary correspondence with Comandante Vallejo and the taking of a census, gave orders in November 1834 for the election of an ayun- tamiento to govern the pueblo of San Francisco and the adjoining region down to Llagas Creek or the Pulgas rancho on the peninsula and the ranchos across the bay castward. The town council was duly elected, and installed in January 1835, being regularly renewed at the beginning of each year until 1839. The successive alcaldes were Francisco de Haro, José Joaquin Estudillo, Ignacio Martinez, and Haro again for a second and third term. The records of ayunta- miento meetings are not extant, and not all the mem- bers in all years can be named; but we have sufficient original documents to show the existence of the municipal government and the nature of proceedings, a summary of which is as for other towns appended in a note.5 Meetings and elections-the former not

5 In connection with later litigation on the S. F. pueblo lands, each of the many documents in the archives pertaining in any way to municipal af- fairs in 1834-36 was eited, translated, and commented on over and over again by lawyers and judges in briefs and decisions, which also contain in various com- binations testimony from other sources. All this matter is extant in print in many forms; and there are several general treatises that are quite satisfac- tory. For this reason, and because my space does not permit the minuto chronologie summary and analysis that would be in a sense desirable, and as the comparatively few items of evidence brought to light by my researches do not radically modify the conclusions previously reached, I shall attempt only a brief outline of the leading points. For more details I refer the reader to Duinelle's Colonial Ilist. S. F .; Halleck's Land Titles in San Francisco, De- cisions, etc., with Notes and Comments, etc., S. F., 1860; Randolph's Argument in Hart v. Burnett, S. F., 1830; Jones' Pueblo Question Solred, S. F., 1860; Wheeler's Land Titles : and Cal. Supreme Court Reports.

1834. Feb .- June, preliminary corresp. between Gov. Figueroa and Co- mandante Vallejo on the limits of S. F. jurisdiction, census of population, and desirability of an ayuntamiento. The limits were defined temporarily by the gov. as including the S. F. mission lands to the Sta Cruz line on the coast, the Pulgas rancho, and across the bay the ranchos of Peralta and Castro and all north and east to the gentilidad. St. Pap., M. & C., MS., ii. 217-20; Dept. St. Pap., MS., iii. 141. Nov. 3d, action of the diputacion, sent by gov. to Vallejo on the 4th, ordering the election of an ayunt., of alcalde, two regidores, and sindico, to resido at the presidio, and assumo the political and judicial functions formerly pertaining to the mil. comandante. Dwinelle, add. 35-6. Nov. 4th gov. to Vallejo, authorizing him to establish municipal govt, and approving a line fixed by him from Pt Lobos to Rincon I't as the pueblo

704

LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

very numerous, presumably-were required to be held, and were held, so far as the records show, at the presidio, though some of the officials and most of the citizens lived elsewhere, the presidio, as we have

boundary. Vallejo, Doc., MS., ii. 316. This was the 'Zamorano document,' shown to be spurious, as no such 'Vallejo line' was ever adopted for the pur- pose indicated, though the land commission accepted it as authentic. Jans- sens, Vida, MS., 48-9, claims to have brought the gov.'s order from Mont. to S. F., and to have witnessed the installation of the ayunt. Dec. 7th, record of primary election at the presidio; electors chosen; Ignacio Peralta, Fran- cisco Sanchez, Fran. Soto, Joaquin Castro, José C. Sanchez, Fran. de Haro, Manuel Sanchez, Juan Miranda, Antonio Castro, Marcos Briones, and Apo- linario Miranda, the highest no. of votes being 27. Dwinelle, add. 36.

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History of California, Volume III, Part 77

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885-1890 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 824

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 824