History of California, Volume III, Part 61

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 824

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Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

feat. 46 To the ayuntamiento of Los Angeles the governor, for some reason inexplicable to me, instead of a letter of thanks for its action of May 15th, ad- dressed a severe lecture on the evils of its past course, with earnest advice for the future to attend strictly to municipal affairs and let state politics alone.47

At the end of May, Alvarado was invited by the ayuntamiento to visit Los Angeles, his presence be- ing required there to preserve peace and restrain cer- tain turbulent citizens. He accepted the invitation, but seems not to have made the visit until late in June; and the only incident to be noticed in connec- tion with it, and even this may very likely refer to a previous visit, was a plot to assassinate the governor, which he claims to have discovered in time to pre- vent its success. The plot was revealed by a veiled woman who did not make herself known. Alvarado had reason to believe, however, and has always be- lieved, that the lady to whom he owed his life was none other than Doña Concepcion Argüello, the heroine of the Rezánof romance.48 Meanwhile San Diego through its alcalde, Estudillo, had the impu- denee to inform Alvarado, the ' gefe de la division del norte,' that the people could not recognize any other ruler than Carrillo. Reports came also that Zamo- rano, Portilla, and others were plotting mischief on the frontier; but Alvarado promptly sent word to

46 May 25th, V. to A. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 206-7; Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 88. The general is very enthusiastic on the subject. 'The fate of Califor- nia depends only on the conditions you make with the rebels.'

47 May 27th, A. to ayunt. of Angeles. S. Diego, Arch., MS., 207; Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., xi. 104-6. The communication was also sent to S. Diego. June 6th, Vallejo suggests the propriety of chartering a vessel on which to send away a party of vagabonds who do nothing but make trouble. He also suggests a revision of mission administrators' accounts. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 208-9.

48 May 31, 1838, ayunt. to A., with invitation. Los Angeles, Arch., MS., v. 26-7. June 6th, 10th, A. accepts and orders a house for his use to be pre- pared. Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., xi. 107. June 9th, ayunt. receives his letter. Los Angeles, Arch., MS., v. 28. June 20th, still at Sta Bárbara, but going to Angeles to reorganize the town. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 9S. Alva- rado, Hist. Cal., MS., iv. 65-71, tells the story of the plot, which was to be carried out by certain convicts, and gives his reasons for believing Doña Con- cepcion to have been his benefactress.

509

ESCAPE OF THE PRETENDER.

those gentlemen that if he heard of their crossing the line as threatened with a Mexican force, he would first shoot ten prominent men of the south, and then march to defeat the invaders!4 On the other hand, cheering rumors came from Honolulu by the Don Quixote, brought by the Clementine from San Blas, that Captain Robbins of the California spoke of hav- ing favorable despatches for Alvarado, having been himself made a naval captain by Alvarado's recon- mendation.50 Severe earthquakes were felt in the north late in June.

In July there were no new developments of a po- litical nature.51 August was a more eventful month. In its earliest days Carlos Carrillo, the 'Pretender,' escaped from Santa Bárbara in company with his son Pedro and José María Covarrubias. They fled in a boat, probably with the connivance of Dana and other foreigners during the governor's absence; but Don Cár- los, whose management and luck were equally unfortu- nate on sea and land, was driven by stress of weather to land near Point Dumetz, whence he was aided by friends to join the 'Carlist' conspirators on the San Diego frontier. Carrillo's alleged motive for flight was the fear that he would be one of the ten men whom Alvarado had threatened to shoot on the approach of Mexican troops. Yet Don Carlos forgave his perse- cutors, and promised to do all in his power to have them pardoned when the supreme government should have enforced his recognition! He even had the assur- ance to recommend his family to Alvarado's care. 52

49 June 26th, Estudillo to Alvarado. San Diego, Arch., MS., 201. June 20th, A. to Vallejo. Vallejo, Doc., Hist. Mex., MS., v. 98.

50 June 20tlı, Alvarado to Vallejo. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 98. Is organiz- ing a permanent force of 100 men to be stationed at S. Fernando, where they will be drilled by the 'unfortunate but able' Castañeda, who was so poor that Alvarado had to give him a jacket to wear.

5] The printed letter of July 20th from Vallejo to Alvarado bears date of 1838, but probably belongs to 1837. (See chap. xviii.) July 26th, V. to offi- cials, circular in which he complains that communications addressed to him often come open. Angel Ramirez has tampered with the mails at Sun Luis Obispo. Vigilance is required. Vallejo, Doc., MIS., v. 119.

62 July 30, 1838, C. to A., explaining the reasons of his flight, and bidding farewell. Dept. St. Pup., MS., iv. 214-15. Aug. 16th, Alcalde Olivera to

570

DON JUAN BAUTISTA AND DON CARLOS.

If Alvarado was not very seriously alarmed at the flight of Don Carlos, he was indeed troubled by letters from the north announcing the partial defection of 110 less a personage than General Vallejo. José Antonio Carrillo had utilized the time of his imprisonment at Sonoma by holding long interviews with the general, and had succeeded in convincing that dignitary of his good faith, and of the genuineness of his brother's ap- pointment. So Vallejo stated in his letters of August 10th-11th, and in them advised the recognition of Don Carlos, or at least the holding of a convention at Santa Clara with a view to such recognition. Of the real motives for delay in giving up the command, he said little or nothing. The point of his long and able argument addressed to Alvarado was to this effect: Carrillo's title being valid, it would be necessary to yield sooner or later; Alvarado and his associates had from the first in good faith disclaimed any purpose to retain the command; with all his triumphs he had been so fully occupied in quelling revolts, that he had had no time to introduce needed reforms; experience proved there was no hope for a cessation of sectional troubles; to yield voluntarily while in the full tide of success would not only be flattering to their own pride, make a good impression in Mexico, and check

A., excusing himself for not having prevented Carrillo's flight. He had watched the vessels, but never thought of his attempting a boat voyage. Id., iv. 223-4. Aug. ISth, A. tells Vallejo it seems to be his fate to act the part of papa to the families of his adversaries while they are absent on a campaign against him. For instance, Zamorano and others whom he won't mention. Vallejo, Doc. ITist. Mex., MS., v. 145; Alvarado, Hist. Cal., MS., iv. 74-82. Capt. John Paty of the Plymouth carried the news to the Islands, where it was published in the Honolulu S. I. Gazette, Nov. 17, 1838. Paty said that Carrillo escaped on the Kamamalu's launch in the night. Alvarado took no notice, except to fine Carrillo $100 for departing without a passport. Alvarado asserts that about the same time correspondence was seized bearing the mys- terions sign 'Fu .... u.' Carrillo's escape is mentioned in Pico, Ilist. Cal., MS., 70; Ord, Ocurrencias, MS., 114-15; Pinto, Apunt., MS., 38-9. The Hawaiians were somewhat disposed to ridicule the course of events in Cali- fornia; witness the following in the account just cited: 'The task of record- ing great political events, of taking the profiles of revolutions, and sketching the contour of national changes, falls to the lot of our brethren of the quill in more enlightened realms; ours only is the duty of the historian of mighty deeds! It is for us to tell of the bloody revolutions of California, to portray the magnificent characters of her champions, and to chronicle the deeds of glory which cluster around the brows of her sons !'

571

VALLEJO'S DEFECTION.

dissensions at home, but-a still more practical advan- tage-would enable Alvarado and his party really to control public affairs for a time in their own way, since Don Cárlos would come north to establish his govern- ment, remaining in their power until the whole matter should be finally settled. 53

All these things Jose Antonio Carrillo had prom- ised in behalf of his brother. Furthermore, becom- ing acquainted with the general's particular hobby, he had agreed that in case of the change being effected the presidial companies should be at once re- organized. He had realized the importance of play- ing his best card, for he better than any other under- stood the nature of the despatches to be expected from Mexico. That he succeeded in winning over Vallejo to his views is not strange. Few men in California could resist his crafty eloquence; moreover, there was much force in his arguments, as reflected in the general's letters, if faith could be placed in his promises and in his statements respecting the feeling in Mexico. Alvarado lacked that faith, and with much reason. The plot lately discovered against his life at Angeles had not left him in a conciliatory mood. He had no doubt that his past successes would be avenged by the imprisonment or exile of himself and friends should the Carrillos gain control before the arrival of guaranties from Mexico, and the recent flight of Don Carlos, in ignorance of his astute brother's plans, was by no means a propitious circumstance.

The governor's hesitation, if he hesitated at all, was

53 Vallejo, Tres Cartas Reservadas en que insta el reconocimiento de D. Carlos Carrillo como Gobernador. Agosto, 1838, MS. Addressed on Aug. 10th, 11th, to Alvarado, Castro, and Villavicencio. Other letters wero doubtless written of similar purport, and Carrillo wrote still others to Don Carlos and friends in the south, which latter seem not to have been deliv- ered by Alvarado until later. Vallejo wished the matter kept secret; and the plan if approved was to emanate ostensibly from Alvarado himself. The letter to the governor was long and minute in detail; the others shorter. Alvarado, Hist. ('al., MS., iv. 76-9, says he sent back a flat refusal, chidin ; Vallejo for his disaffection, which was doing much harm in the south. IIo deeply regretted the general's course.

572

DON JUAN BAUTISTA AND DON CARLOS.

not however of long duration; for in a day or two an event occurred which put a new face on the whole sub- ject. On August 13th, the Catalina arrived at Mon- terey with news from Mexico. Castillero wrote that he had been successful in his mission, and that he would soon arrive in California as a comisionado from the na- tional government. Just how far he entered into de- tails is not known, as his letter is not extant; but from this and other private communications it was known that Alvarado and his associates had nothing to fear, even if they were not to be continued in power. There came also official despatches about the war with France, addressed to the governor and general re- spectively. One package of correspondence was sent in haste to Sonoma, while Jesus Pico started at once to deliver the other to Alvarado at Los Angeles. Vallejo, on August 17th, circulated to military au- thorities the despatch respecting the French war "addressed to him" by the Mexican government. From San Fernando on the 18th Alvarado wrote a long letter to the general, communicating the good news, and next day issued a proclamation, in which, besides alluding to the French war, he announced also the 'happy results' of Castillero's mission to Mexico, without specifying what those results were.54

There was of course no further thought of giving up the governorship to Carrillo before Castillero's ar- rival, and Vallejo's plan of a convention at Santa Clara

54 Aug. 13, 1838, J. J. Pico to Vallejo, announcing arrival of Catalina. California expected in 10 or 12 days with money, arms, and clothing. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 137. Aug. 17th, V.'s circular. Id., v. 144. Ang. 18th, Al- varado to V. from S. Fernando. Id., v. 145. Aug. 19th, A. sends his procla- mation to V. Id., v. 147. Same date, the proclamation sent to Los Angeles and San Diego. Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., xi. 108; S. Diego, Arch., MS., 208. Sept. 3d, Estudillo to A., 'gefe de la division del norte.' His procla- mation has been published. Id., 201. Sept. 14th, 18th, the proclamation sent to Carrillo at his request. Id., 202. June 20th, a letter from Virmond in Mexico to Vallejo, which may very likely have been received by the Cat- alina. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 97. The writer announces Castillero's success, and the favorable ideas of the president towards Cal., and partienlarly toward Vallejo. Says he, Virmond, has often taken the part of the Californians. Castillero is about to start. Money, arms, and clothing will be sent. Un- derstands that the California is to carry the mails on the coast.

573

GOOD NEWS FROM MEXICO.

was kept a secret among the few who knew anything about it.55 There was nothing to do but await the arrival of the California. Don Carlos, after being landed by his boatmen, who carried his luggage back to Santa Bárbara, had wandered for many days on foot, harassed with fears of pursuit, until on arrival at San Luis Rey he had heard the news from Mex- ico, and had written to Alvarado a letter begging for amnesty. Meanwhile Vallejo, on September 1st, asked to be relieved of the command, that he might attend to his private interests and those of his colony at Sonoma;56 but there is no evidence that any atten- tion was paid to his request, and soon the general had to issue a proclamation to quiet certain popular rumors that he was in league with the enemies of Alvarado. These rumors he pronounced false, declaring that his views had not changed since 1836, and that he would resign sooner than be false in any way to his friends. 57 Meanwhile the prisoners had been liberated, and there are some vague indications that they tried to make trouble at San José and elsewhere, by representing that Vallejo was in sympathy with the Carrillos. No

55 Sept. 19th, A. to V., in Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 177. This is the govern- or's only reply to V.'s plan of Aug. 10th, so far as the records show. He says that on account of the favorable news, he did not deliver the letters to south- erners; that Castro, Villa, and S. Vallejo had declared that as military men their duty was to obey the gov., and that J. A. Carrillo's letter to himself was an insult, and would not be answered. He mentions rumors of a pronunciamiento against Carrillo on the frontier; and speaks of Don Carlos' adventures and de- mand for pardon.

56 Vallejo, Oficio impresso en que quiere renunciar el maudo militar, 1º de. Set. 1838. In Earliest Printing; Vallejo, Ordenes, 9-14; Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 258. This communication, which is quite long, seems to have been addressed to Alvarado, but possibly to the min. of war. In it he urges the reorganization of the presidial companies as the only means of averting utter ruin at the hands of the Indians.

57 No date, blotter of the proclamation, in Vallejo, Doc., MS .. iii. 287. Oct. 22d, J. J. Vallejo urges his brother not to give up his command. Id., v. 213. Nov. 9th, Salvador Vallejo, from Sta Bárbara, to the gen. Speaks of rumors that he is in leagne with the southerners; and blames him for having opened his ears to J. A. Carrillo, who has ' made a bag of him.' Says Alva- rado is drinking too much. Id., v. 260. Nov. 10th, D. A. Rodriguez, S. Fran- cisco, to Vallejo. Reports a conspiracy at S. José, prompted by J. A. Carrillo and Angel Ramirez-A. M. Pico and Pedro Chabolla being lenders, with ac- complices at Sonoma. The outbreak to be on Nov. 15th. Id., v. 229. Nov. 18th, J. J. Vallejo, Yerba Buena, to his brother. Urges him in 2 letters to quiet the people by a proclamation.

5,4

DON JUAN BAUTISTA AND DON CARLOS.

blame can be attached to General Vallejo for his course in this matter; but he was unfortunate in his choice of a time for proposing his plan, and was over- credulous in listening to the special pleading of Don José Antonio.

The California had been expected to follow the Catalina in a few weeks at most; troubles with France and other obstacles, however, caused Castillero's de- parture from Mexico to be delayed from July to Sep- tember. On November 15th, the schooner anchored at Santa Bárbara, and Captain Castillero, now comi- sionado of the supreme government, landing in bad health, sent communications to Alvarado, who was absent, and to Vallejo at Sonoma. These communi- cations informed the governor and general that by virtue of documents brought by the writer in his official capacity they would be able to retain their po- sitions, that the California had also brought arms and other war-stores, and that a personal conference was necessary at the earliest opportunity. 58

The most important of the documents brought from Mexico by Castillero were as follows, in the order of their respective dates: a decree of June 30th dividing the republic into twenty-four departments, one of them the Californias, with capitals as before; 59 a com- mission as captain of the presidial company of San Francisco for Lieutenant Guadalupe Vallejo; 60 an expression of thanks for the gift of the California from the departmental to the national government; 61

58 Nov. 17, 1838, Castillero to Vallejo, transcribed in a later letter of the latter. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 251; xxxii. 168; Earliest Printing.

59 Decree of June 30th, in Arrillaga, Recop., 1838, 284-5; Sup. Gort St. Pap., MS., xxi. 22; xii. 4; Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 223. This decree divided the departments into 2 sections, Californias being one of those which was to elcet a diputado to eongress for 2 years on Oct. Ist. It is likely, however, that this deeree eame also before on the Catalina in August.

60 July 9, 1838, original appointment and commission, 2 documents, in Talljo, Doc., MS., i. 12.

Gi July 10th, the goleta to be used as a paquete mercante. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 127; Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 110 ?. There is no other evidence that such a gift had been thought of in Cal. July 20th, decree of amnesty. Id.

575

ALVARADO CONFIRMED BY MEXICO.

a decree of amnesty for all political acts and opinions during the past troubles; an order addressed to Carlos Carrillo to the effect that the senior vocal of the ter- ritorial junta should act as governor temporarily, a copy of the same being forwarded also to Alvarado; 62 an order to the governor to grant lands on the coast islands to Mexicans who might ask for them, giving preference to Antonio and Cárlos Carrillo, who were to have exclusive possession of one of the islands in consideration of their patriotic services; 63 an appoint- ment of Vallejo as comandante general in consideration of his distinguished services;" and finally private letters to both Alvarado and Vallejo from President Bustamante, who expressed his high esteem for those gentlemen, and confidence in their patriotism and ability to direct the affairs of California in the future. 65

Truly Don Andrés had served his masters most faithfully, and all had resulted well for the revolu- tionists of 1836. Men of the southern faction have

62 July 20tlı, min. of the interior to Carrillo. 'The president, learning with satisfaction that Alta California has returned to constitutional order, and as the law of amnesty draws a thick veil over all political occurrences, directs that, in order to carry out the constitutional law, the Ist vocal of the junta territorial of that department shall exercise the powers of governor; steps being taken at once for the election of the junta departamental, and a terna being sent to the sup. govt for the regular appointment, the pres. re- linquishing for this time the powers given him by the constitution in the frontier departments,' forwarded by Alvarado, as Ist vocal, to ayunt. of Angeles on Dec. 10th. Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., xi. 109-10; also tran- scribed by Alvarado, who received it from Castillero, to Vallejo on Dec. 10th. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 268; also English translation, in Hopkins' Translations, 9. According to Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 126, the order, or a similar one, was dated June 2d.

63 July 20th, min. of the int. to gov. St. Pap., Miss. and Colon., MS., ii. 387; Mont. Arch., MS., ii. 13; Leg. Rec., MS., iii. 92; Bandini, Doc., MS., 48; Halleck's Rept, 180-2; Jones' Report, no. 28. The gov. was to act in ac- cordance with the junta; and the avowed object was not only to settle the islands, but to prevent foreigners from occupying them to the injury of com- meree and fisheries. Sta Rosa Island was granted to the Carrillos in accord- ance with this order.

64 July 23d, appointment as comandante militar of Alta California, signed by Moran, min. of war. Original in Vallejo, Doc., MS. i. 13. Ang. 21st, Moran to com. gen. Orders that the auxiliary troops continue in service until further orders. Soberanes, Doc., MS., 96.

65 Sept. 13th, original letters with autograph signatures, in Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 166; xxxii. 158. The writer regrets tho delay in Castillero's depart- ure, which could not be avoided. He hopes Vallejo will look out for foreign invaders: C'astillero's commission seems to have been finally issued on Sept. 7th. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 127; Sup. Gort St. Pap. MIS., xiv. 1.

576

DON JUAN BAUTISTA AND DON CÁRLOS.

been wont to deplore the base ingratitude of Mexico in thus rewarding rebels, while the loyal sureños for all their suffering and sacrifice got no thanks. The reader knows that southern loyalty to Mexico was but a very flimsy pretence. But for his own injudi- cious acts and utter incompetence as a ruler, Cárlos Carrillo would merit a degree of sympathy; as it was, his island grant was quite as much as he deserved. His appointment had been obtained by his brother on the representation that it would bring California back to her Mexican allegiance; but Alvarado had accomplished all that before Carrillo's appointment was known there, and all subsequent disorders had resulted from the refusal of Don Carlos to await the decision of the supreme government. The president had been made to understand that Alvarado and his associates were the men who could control California, and whose good will was of some value to the na- tional administration. Well would it be for the rep- utation of Mexico if her record were as clear on every matter of state policy. Alvarado has often been represented, by writers who have disposed of several years' annals in a paragraph, as having accepted cen- tralism in gratitude for his recognition as governor; but he had really sworn to the constitution a year before he was so recognized. Another theory that has been current to some extent is that Castillero brought from Mexico two blank commissions to be filled up in favor of Alvarado or Carrillo as circumstances and his own judgment should dictate, having also dupli- cate papers by which to reward with an island estate the one who should not receive the governorship. The reader with the facts before him will perhaps agree with me that this version is improbable to the verge of absurdity. 66

66 This version of duplicate documents is mentioned as a rumor by several Californians in their memoirs; and it was given enrreney by Peachy in an argument in the New Almaden ease, an item from which has been widely eir- culated in the newspapers. Osio, Ilist. Cal., MS., 394-6, describes the mat- ter very unintelligibly. Bandini, Hist. Cal., MS., 99, deemed the action

577

CHRISTMAS ARRESTS AT SAN DIEGO.

Alvarado and Vallejo proclaimed the tidings in print to the people, at the same time congratulating themselves and their friends in private letters; little else was accomplished before the end of the year.67 There was, however, some further revolutionary trouble at San Diego, resulting in several arrests on Christmas night. The Carrillos were there, and naturally the objects of much popular sympathy. That there was any intention of resisting the orders from Mexico and continuing the struggle against the governor may perhaps be doubted; but reports of such plans, real or imaginary, reached Alvarado at Santa

of Mexico disgraceful. Serrano, Apuntes, MS., 56-8, says that the minor officials from Castro down for whom Castillero brought commissions were known as oficiales de Catarrillo. Alvarado notes the arrival of Castillero in his ITist. Cal., MS., iv. 42-3, 111-13. A piece of doggerel, composed by one José Elisalde and sung by the S. Diego soldiers, gives their view of the whole matter, a game of cards being used as an illustration. Romero, Mem., MS., 5; Hayes' Emig. Notes, 495.

"Bautista buscó barajas Castro se les barajó. Montenegro paso el monte Y Don Pio lo tapó. Luego vino Castillero Y la carpeta se llevó."

67 In demanding his salary later, Alvarado seems to have dated his taking possession of the office from Oct. 1, 1838; why, is not very clear. Dept. Rec., MS., x. 6. Nov. 21st, Alvarado [Proclama del], Gefe Político Interino de la Alta California ú sus Habitantes, 21 de Nov. 1838. Impreso en Sonoma; Im- prenta del Gobierno. In Earliest Printing. In this proclamation the governor congratulates the people on the happy ending of all dissensions; thanks C'as- tillero; announces his own honest purpose to sacrifice everything for his coun- try; and advises all to forget their resentments and get ready for the coming elections. Nov. 21st, Alvarado to Vallejo. Official and private letters. He says the appointment of Carrillo had been due to underhanded work, and the govt had been glad to cancel it. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 245-6. Nov. 221, Castillero to Vallejo, private letter. Id., v. 248. Nov. 27th, Vallejo, Circulor impreso en que anuncia su Nombramiento de Comandante General, Nor. 21, 1838, in Earliest Printing; Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 251; Savage, Doc., MS., i. 20. This circular merely transcribes Castillero's letter of Nov. 17th. Nov. 30th, P. Gonzalez congratulates Vallejo, and tells him the news was cele- brated at S. José with salutes, music, te denm, etc. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 258. Dec. 3d, Vallejo congratulated in letters from José R. Gonzalez, Ignacio Peralta, and Simeon Castro. Id., v. 263-5. Dec. 10th, Alvarado publishes in a bando, and includes in letters to Vallejo and others, the news of C'as- tillero's arrival and the order of the sup. govt respecting the governorship. Id., v. 268; Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., x. 21-2; Id., S. José, v. 44-6. Dec. 15th, the news and orders published at Angeles. Los Angeles, Arch., MS., v. 38-9; Dept. St. Pap., MS., xviii. S. Dec. 17th, P. Daran congratulates Alvarado. Arch. Arzob., MIS., v. pt ii. 20. Dec. 22d, a new proclamation by Alvarado, urging the people to be true to the govt and not listen to revolu- tionists. Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., x. 23. Dec. 29th, Alcalde Arenas orders comisarios of ranchos to publish Alvarado's appointment. Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., ii. 135-6.

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History of California, Volume III, Part 61

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885-1890 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 824

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 824