USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Madisonville > Indian Village Site and Cemetery Near Madisonville, Ohio > Part 50
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The Perez Dictionary (1866-77), written as far as the word ulchahal by Perez, down to ven by Carrillo y Ancona, and completed by Berendt, is the largest dictionary at present in print.1 It con- tains about 20,000 words and is Maya-Spanish only. As noted above, Perez used Beltran (1746) in preparing the first drafts of his dictionaries together with Beltran's sermons and Doctrina. Later he added the Ticul material. Finally he found the San Francisco and began the work all over again omitting, as antiquated, the examples of Maya construction. The work does not give the parts of the verbs and it is not always useful in explaining many of the old terms. The Ticul is much better in this respect. Brinton (1882, p. 75) rightly complains " that it gives very few examples of idioms or phrases showing the uses of words and the construction of sentences." Breton (1919) gives a few relationship terms from Perez.
The second dictionary of Perez (1898) was probably written be- fore that of 1866-77 and it is much better for use in translating the old documents. It contains the Ticul Dictionary (p. 124-296) mention of which has already been made.
1 Gatschet (1879) has a note on this dictionary. Gatschet (1883) again dis- cusses this work together with that of Brinton (1882).
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APPRAISEMENT OF WORKS
The two vocabularies of Brasseur de Bourbourg (1864, p. 480- 506 and 1869-70, v. 2, p. 123-462) are both compilations from various sources: Beltran and San Buenaventura, Cogolludo, Landa Perez, Solis y Rosales, possibly the Motul, and other writers. Neither dictionary is of any great value.1 Juan Martinez owns an annotated copy of a Brasseur vocabulary made by Berendt which formerly belonged to Rodolfo G. Canton.
De Rosny (1875, p. 94-118; ed. 1904, p. 133-166) has published selections from the vocabulary in Brasseur de Bourbourg (1869- 70). The latter (1857-59, v. 1, p. lxxxix) mentions a vocabulary (Anon, 27) of 2000 words in Maya, Spanish and English. I have been unable to identify this.
Waldeck (1838, p. 79-90, copy in B. L. C. No. 41-1) has pub- lished a short list of words in Spanish, French, and Maya and (1838, p. 29-33, copy in B. L. C. No. 42-3) he gives the Maya names of many of the pueblos. Solis y Rosales (1870) furnished Brasseur de Bourbourg with a manuscript vocabulary.
Berendt has left numerous vocabularies in manuscript : - one in the collection of manuscripts of the Bureau of American Ethnology at Washington (Berendt, 2), a list of proper names (Berendt, 4), and a large number of comparative vocabularies which will be discussed later.
Donde (1876, p. 229-241) gives a list of plants with their Maya names prepared by Thomas Aznar Barbachano.
Brinton (1882, p. 261-279) gives the Maya-English vocabulary of words found in his selections from the Books of Chilam Balam. He published the Maya linear measurements in 1885b (p. 434-439) and another short vocabulary in 1894 (p. 143-146).2
Charencey (1883a) has a French-Maya vocabulary of about four thousand words and Charencey (1891, p. 247-301) has a Maya- French dictionary of about eighteen hundred words. DeRosny (1887; ed. 1888, p. 71-85) gives a list of Maya divinities.
1 Compare Brinton (1882, p. 75) who writes, "I can say little in praise of the Vocabulaire Maya-Francais-Espanole, compiled by the Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg (1869-70). . . It contains about ten thousand words but many of these are drawn from doubtful sources, and are incorrectly given; while the derivations and analogies proposed are of a character unknown to the science of language."
2 LePlongeon (1896, p. 202-207) has much to say regarding a controversy with Brinton on the linear measurements of the Mayas.
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VOCABULARIES
The Peabody Museum owns a manuscript vocabulary of 250 words from each of the following towns in Yucatan: Peto (Valez, 1893), Sotuta (Anon, 1893), Valladolid (Manzano, 1893), and Tizimin (Rejón Espínola, 1893). These were probably collected by Carrillo y Ancona as there is an introduction on the Maya pro- nunciation by him. A digest of these vocabularies is given in Ap- pendix IV (p. 293).
Zavala (1898) published a short Spanish-Maya vocabulary. Palma y Palma (1901, p. 258-269, 307-326) writes instructively on the wealth of material in the Maya vocabularies. In the Colección de Documentos Inéditos (1898-1900, v. 11, p. 435-436) there is a short list of Maya words to be found in the text.
Sapper (circa 1895) collected a small vocabulary from San Luis, Peten, which he was good enough to give the author. Millspaugh (1895-98: 1900: 1903-04) has works on the flora of Yucatan which give many of the native names of plants. Pacheco Cruz (1919) has a work on the fauna of Yucatan giving the Maya names. Mention should also be made here of the following anonymous vocabularies: - that in the Libreria de San Gregorio de Mexico (Anon, 25, after Viñaza, No. 1134), and that owned by Mr. Gates (Anon, 26). Starr (1908, p. 399-404) gives a very few Maya words in his glossary.
DAY AND MONTH NAMES. There are many treatises on the meaning of the names of the days and months in the Maya year and the possible correlation of this meaning with the forms of the hieroglyphs for these days and months. The most comprehensive of these discussions are those by Seler (1888; ed. 1902, p. 448-503) and by Bowditch (1910, p. 263-265). The latter collates the mean- ings given the day names by Perez, Brasseur de Bourbourg, Brin- ton, Schellhas, and Tozzer. Little need be said in this place re- garding the discussion of the linguistic meaning of the Maya hieroglyphics as a whole. The phonetic character of the Maya glyphs is discussed by Bowditch (1910, p. 254-258) and by many other authors. There is a long series of articles dealing with the supposed phonetic transcription of series of glyphs. These are generally of no value.1
1 Eichhorn (1896: 1905) belongs to this class. Parisio is an earlier writer along the same lines.
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APPRAISEMENT OF WORKS
COMPARATIVE VOCABULARIES. Maya-Quiche and other Maya dialects. Galindo (1834, p. 63. Copy in B. L. C. No. 42-6) gives a few words in Maya and Punctunc. Berendt (3) wrote a manu- script composed of between 600 and 700 words in 24 dialects of the Maya stock. This formed the basis for Stoll (1884). Berendt (5, in B. L. C. No. 179-6, fol. 60, 64) gives comparative lists of words in Maya, Putun, Tzental, Cakchiquel, Chontal, etc. Squier (1857, p. 179) gives a few words in Maya, Mam, Quiche, and Cakchiquel. Squier (1858, p. 552-553) has words in Maya, Cakchiquel, and from Peten. Berendt (1867a, in B. L. C. No. 82) has marginal comparisons in Maya and Cakchiquel with Huastec forms in his copy of the dictionary of Tapia Zenteno. Rockstroh (1878) gives a comparative vocabulary of the Maya stock. This was probably prepared under the direction of Berendt. Campbell (1879, p. 72- 73) gives a few Maya and Quiche words.1
Stoll (1884, p. 46-70, and 1886, p. 301) gives comparative lists of words of many of the Maya dialects .? Brigham (1887, p. 276) gives selections from Stoll and Sapper (1897, p. 407-436) improves on Stoll. Brinton (1888, p. 82-91) gives a comparative vocabulary of Maya dialects and reprints Berendt (1870a). Starr (1901-04) · has a comparative list of words from several Maya dialects and Zoque and Chiapanec.
Maya and Mexican Languages. Berendt (1) in the Bureau of American Ethnology,3 Berendt (5, in B. L. C. No. 179, fol. 58), and Heller (1853, p. 387-388) give comparative lists of words in Maya and Nahuatl. Carrillo y Ancona (1872) gives many of the Maya and Nahuatl words used in Spanish. Palma y Palma (1901, p. 718-738) has the following: Voces Aztecas Castellanizadas y sus equivalentes en Maya, and Voces Mayas Castellanizadas. Anon (1898) has a short word list in Maya and Nahuatl. Berendt (5, in B. L. C., No. 179, fol. 59) has a vocabulary in Maya, Nahuatl and Otomi. Gallatin (1845, p. 9-10, 298-304) includes Otomi, Nahuatl, Huastec, and Maya in a comparative vocabulary. Fuertes (1) has Zoque, Zapotec, Mixe, and Maya words. Ternaux-Compans
1 Ordoñez (1), according to Brasseur de Bourbourg (1855-56, p. 292), has the following: Linguistique du Mexique et de l' Amérique Centrale (une foule d'étymologies tzendales, mayas, itzoziles, quichées, aztèques, etc.
? See Berendt (3) above.
' Pilling (1879-80) has a list of the linguistic manuscripts in the library of the Bureau of Ethnology at Washington.
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VOCABULARIES
(1840-41; Maya in v. 88, p. 5-37) gives a comparative list of words in the main languages of Mexico. Prichard (1836-47, v. 5, p. 344) republishes this. Latham (1862, p. 755) publishes a few words in Maya, Huastec, Nahuatl, and Otomi. Ferraz (1902, p. 95) has a short list of words in Maya, Quiche, and Nahuatl.
Maya and North American languages. Adam (1878) has a com- parative vocabulary of Cree, Chippewa, Algonkin, Dakota, Hi- datsa, Maya, and Quiche. Berendt (5, in B. L. C. No. 179, fol. 62, 63) gives words in Natchez, Apalachee, and Maya. Brinton (1867) has a list of words in Natchez, Huastec, and Maya.
Maya, South American Languages, etc. Adam (1878a) gives words from Dakota, Nahuatl, Chibcha, Quechua, Quiche, and Maya. Douay (1894) has a comparative list of words in Haitian, and Maya. Douay (1900) gives words in Haitian, Maya, and Quiche, and Douay (1), in Quechua and Maya. Nuttall (1901, p. 549-555) gives a comparative vocabulary of Maya, Quechua, and Nahuatl. Schomburgk (1848, p. 236-237) has a selection of words from American languages and from the languages of the Guianas.
Maya and Old World Languages. Comparative vocabularies covering a wider field are. in general most unsatisfactory. They are to be found in Hervas y Panduro (1785, Maya p. 21, 41, 48, 121, Tab. xlix, 1, li and 1787a, Maya, p. 161 et seq.) and Balbi (1826; ed. 1835, Maya, Tab. xli, No. 676). There is also a class of early works of no present value which give the equivalents for certain common words in many American languages for comparison with the forms in European or Asiatic languages. A few Maya words sometimes appear in the following works: Vater (1810), Klaproth (1824-28, v. 2, p. 28-45), Mérian (1828, p. 185-206) after Vater. C. Malte-Brun (1810-29, p. 18-21), Johnes (1846), Buschmann (1853), and Clarke (1877). Nuttall (1901, p. 563-575) gives a list of Maya words and their equivalents in languages of the eastern continent.
C. Malte-Brun (1810-29), Latham (1860, p. 398), Charencey (1871, p. 106), and Platzmann (1871) give comparative list of words from Chinese and other Asiatic languages and corresponding words from the languages of America including Maya.' Campbell (1879, p. 72-73) compares Maya and Polynesian. Umery (1863) gives a list of words for " mother " in many languages including Maya.
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Comparative vocabularies of special words. Charencey has two papers (1882; Maya, p. 28-30 and 1899, Maya, p. 117, 166-169) on the names for the points of space in Maya and Quiche. Charen- cey (1883b) has another study of the names of the cardinal points and a fourth (1892) on the names of the metals in certain Maya dialects. Brinton (1886; Maya p. 10-13) treats of the word for love in some American languages.
ETYMOLOGY OF PROPER NAMES
YUCATAN. There has been much discussion regarding the deri- vation of the names Yucatan and Maya. There is hardly an early history which does not have something to say regarding the origin of the name Yucatan. Cortes in his first letter (1852; 1866; ed. 1908, v. 1, p. 124-125), Bernal Diaz (1632; ed. 1908-16, v. 1, p. 32), Gomara (1553, cap. 52), republished in Barcia (1749, v. 2), Lizana (1633, cap. 1), Landa (Brasseur de Bourbourg, 1864, p. 6-8, copied by Malte-Brun (1864, p. 14-15), Cogolludo (1688, p. 60-61), Villa- gutierre (1701, p. 28), all discuss the question of the origin of the word Yucatan. The Perez Codex (Perez, 1842) and the Chilam Balam de Chumayel should be cited here as they contain a varia- tion in the name given to Yucatan.1 Among the modern authori- ties to touch upon this question of etymology are: Waldeck (1838, p. 25), Stephens (1843, v. 1, p. 139-140), Prescott (1843, Bk. 2. Chap. 1), Ternaux-Compans (1843, p. 30-31), Bollaert (1866, p. 46), Carrillo y Ancona (1868: 1878-82; ed. 1883, p. 133-141: 1890), Bancroft (1874-76, v. 5, p. 614-615), Ancona (1881), and Zuñiga (1).
MAYA. The best discussion of the derivation of the name Mays is that in Carrillo y Ancona (1883a, p. 632-634). Brinton (1882, p. 9-16), Ancona (1878-1905; ed. 1889, v. 1, p. 44) and Rejón García (1905, p. 5-17) also suggest derivations. Pimentel (1860) discusses the words Mayo and Maya.
MISCELLANEOUS. Brinton (1887) discusses the origin of the Maya words used in Landa's work. Rovirosa (1888) and Douay (1891) mention the etymology of a few Maya names. Robelo (1902) gives the Maya, Nahuatl and Spanish equivalents of some
1 Compare Carrillo y Ancona, 1890, p. 35-45.
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NUMERATION
proper names. Rejón García (1905, p. 29-78; 1910) presents sev- eral derivations which are in most cases decidedly doubtful in origin.
NUMERATION
The Maya numeration has already been discussed in the gram- matical portion of this work. I mentioned there that practically every publication on the numeration of the Mayas goes back to that given by Beltran (1746; ed. 1859, p. 195-208). Even modern works published in Yucatan seem to rely in general upon the series of numbers given by Beltran. No attempt is made here to list the publications which give the Maya system of numeration as a part of a grammar or as a part of the hieroglyphic writing.1
· MAYA DIALECT. Galindo (1832) gives the numbers from 1 to 10 and Waldeck (1838, p. 88, copy in B. L. C. No. 42) gives them from 1 to 100, both of which series were probably collected by the authors themselves. Baezo (1832) has some numbers collected at Peten. Sivers (1861, p. 290-291) offers a series of numbers in Maya.
Brasseur de Bourbourg (1869-70, v. 2, p. 92-99) is the first to give the numeration of Beltran in extenso with a French transla- tion.2 Bancroft (1874-76, v. 2, p. 753-754) gives the numbers from 1 to 51 from Brasseur de Bourbourg. Orozco y Berra (1880, v. 1, p. 542, 559-569) also follows the same second-hand authority. Brinton (1882, p. 37-50), Molina y Solís (1896, p. 316-320), and Perez (1898, p. 113-120) go back to Beltran. Pousse (1886) is of little value. Nuttall (1903) gives an excellent translation of the numeral classifiers of Beltran with a suggestion regarding their possible presence in the hieroglyphic inscriptions. This list of suf- fixes with additions is published in Appendix III (p. 290).
Valez (1893), Anon (1893), Manzano (1893), and Rejón Espínola (1893) give several numerals collected in the different towns.3
COMPARATIVE LISTS OF NUMBERS. There is a large number of works which present, more or less extensively, comparative series
1 Charencey (1881), for example, treats of the numeration by means of bars and dots as shown in the hieroglyphic writing.
? There is a copy of the Beltran numeration in the B. L. C. No. 42-8.
3 These numbers are given in Appendix IV, p. 301.
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of numbers from many different peoples. Hervas y Panduro (1786; Maya, p. 110-111) is the earliest of these works. The best of these comparative lists is that of Thomas (1897-98) which presents a good discussion of the numeral systems of Mexico and Central America. Other works on numeration covering many of the languages of Middle America are by Ternaux-Compans (1840- 41, p. 5-37, copy in B. L. C. No. 42-7), followed by Prichard (1836- 47, v. 5, p. 344), Gallatin (1845, p. 49-57, Table A), followed by Pott (1847, p. 93-96, 301), and Charencey (1878, p. 12). Compara- tive lists are also given in Berendt (5, in B. L. C. No. 179-8). Maya and Aztec numerals are given by Heller (1853, p. 386-388) and Palma y Palma (1901, p. 447-449), Maya, Quiche, and Aztec by de Rosny (1875a), several dialects of the Maya by Charencey (1883b), and Maya and Quiche alone by Charencey (1880, 1882a).
TEXTS
There is a large mass of material written in Maya.1 These texts date from early Spanish times and continue down to the present. They vary in value for linguistic study from the point of view of the time in which they were written and also from the point of view of the individual author. The Books of Chilam Balam furnish the most profitable study of early Maya texts. There are often parallel accounts in several of these Books. The text, however, is corrupt as the present manuscripts are usually copies of earlier documents often made by individuals who did not know Maya. There is far less likelihood of corruption in the legal and political documents, some of which are extant. The Maya texts of ser- mons, the Catechism, and parts of the Bible vary greatly accord- ing to the ability of the individual translator. They are, in general, however, rather poorly done both from a grammatical and a lexical standpoint.
BOOKS OF CHILAM BALAM
GENERAL. The fullest description of these Maya texts is that by Tozzer (1917). Other descriptions are by Carrillo y Ancona (1870: ed. 1872, p. 138-140), Melgar y Serrano (1873), Brinton (1882, p. 67-72), quoted by Bowditch (1910, p. 1-3), Brinton
1 Part II contains several Maya texts. See p. 111 for the discussion of these texts.
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BOOKS OF CHILAM BALAM
(1882b), translated into Spanish by Aznar (1882) and Troncoso (1883), and Brinton (1883a). Echano (1758), Castillo (1866, p. 255-256), Rivera (1878, p. 22-23), Martínez Alomía (1906, p. 9- 10), and Beuchat (1912, p. 407-408) are among those giving short accounts of these Books.
Before considering the bibliographical details of the separate texts it may be well to dwell for a moment on several collections which contain abundant material for the study of the Books of Chilam Balam. Up to a few years ago, for the proper study of the manuscripts one had to depend entirely upon the Maya Chronicles of Brinton (1882) which in turn was based upon the Berendt copies of manuscripts collected, for the most part, by Pio Perez (Berendt, 1868, in B. L. C. No. 49). This material was augmented by another volume of manuscript material in the possession of Pio Perez and copied by Berendt (Perez, 2, in B. L. C. No. 50).
This scarcity of texts no longer holds true. In addition to the University of Pennsylvania reproduction of the original of the Chilam Balam de Chumayel we are fortunate in having the Gates reproductions of the originals of the Tizimin, Kaua, Calkini, Tekax, and Nah, Mr. Gates owning the last two manuscripts. Gates also owns beautiful hand copies of the Chumayel, Tizimin, Ixil, Kaua, and Calkini which he has reproduced.
It does not seem necessary in this paper to give complete refer- ences to the frequent use of the chronological parts of the Books of Chilam Balam as a starting point in the attempt to correlate Maya and Christian chronology.1 The prophecies contained in these manuscripts are considered together.
According to the testimony of Landa, Lizana, Sanchez Aguilar, Cogolludo and other early writers many of these manuscripts were in existence in the xVI century. Several are reported in the XVII century. Most of the manuscripts now known were made in the latter part of the XVIII century and were, in some cases, at least, copies of earlier documents.
Brinton (1882b) states that there are still in existence sixteen of these Books. Martinez Alomia (1906, p. 9) gives a list of eleven.
1 See in this connection Seler, 1892, 1895, 1895a; Bowditch, 1901, 1901a; Martínez, 1907, 1909a, 1912, 1915, 1918; and Morley, 1910, 1911, and espe- cially 1920, p. 464-539. For earlier material on this subject which, however, is of little value, see Perez 2, in B. L. C. No. 50 and 5, in B. L. C. No. 44-4.
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New ones are appearing at infrequent intervals. Counting the Mani manuscripts as one, fourteen of these books are listed here, four of which are known only by name.
CHILAM BALAM DE MANI. The original of the Mani manuscript is probably lost. It is dated not later than 1595. Berendt (1868d, v. 2, p. 138-184 in B. L. C. No. 43-7) copied from a copy by Pio Perez certain parts of the manuscript. Berendt (1868d, v. 2, p. 102-106 in B. L. C. No. 43-5) presents a comparison, probably from the pen of Perez, of the Mani description of the calendar with that of the Kaua manuscript. Perez (6), (or Berendt 1868d, v. 3, in B. L. C. No. 44-3) compares the description of the calendar of the Mani with that of the Tizimin and the Kaua manuscripts. Perez (2, p. 48-49, in B. L. C. No. 50-10) has an entry, Apuntes historios del Chilam Balam de Mani. Juan Molina (1897, p. 68-69) gives a paragraph of this Maya document and a Spanish trans- lation.
Berendt (Brinton, 1882; p. 91) speaks of four Mani manuscripts dated 1689, 1697, 1755, and 1761 respectively. A portion of one of them was given by Pio Perez to Stephens. It is well, therefore, to distinguish between the Mani manuscript proper and that por- tion given to Stephens which is usually called the " Perez Codez." A part of the Mani manuscript entitled Historia de la Doncella Teodora is given in Berendt (1868d, v. 2, p. 225-239, copy in B. L. C. No. 43-9). The Kaua has the same story. Perez (2, p. 31-37, copy in B. L. C. No. 50-3) writes, " La historia que sigue se halla intercalada entre esta multitud de predicciones que se copiar on y tradujeron de los antiguos almanaques españoles."
PEREZ CODEX (Lai u tzolan katun). This is probably the most widely known example of Maya writing. It gives an outline of Maya history from the time the Mayas set out from the south to travel northward down to and including the arrival of the Span- iards. It is a part of the Chilam Balam de Mani and was copied by Pio Perez from one of the four books of Mani. Perez translated the Maya into Spanish and wrote an extended commentary on the Maya text. The whole work was entitled, Traduccion y juicio critico de un manuscrito en lengua maya que trata de las principales epocas de la historia en esta peninsula ante a su conquista. Para el Sn. D. Juan L. Stephens su amigo Juan Pio Perez, Peto, 5 de Abril
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BOOKS OF CHILAM BALAM
de 1842. As indicated in the title, Perez gave the manuscript to Stephens.1 Stephens (1843, v. 2, p. 465-469) published an English translation with the Maya text but refrained from printing some of the comments made by Perez. He omitted the parts headed Corrección cronologia de manuscrito and Recapitulación. The Stephens copy of the Perez manuscript is now in the library of the New York Historical Society in New York.
The original Perez Codex was owned by Carlos Peon who loaned it to Bishop Carrillo y Ancona. The latter (1868: 1870: 1878-82; ed. 1883, p. 48-64) printed the entire manuscript except the Maya text and the Resumen at the end. This feature is given in English in Stephens (p. 468-469).2
Berendt (1868d, v. 2, in B. L. C. No. 43-1) made a copy of the Perez Codex in the possession of Carrillo y Ancona. This Ber- endt copy was used by Valentini (1880, p. 52-55) who printed the Maya text and translation together with a portion of the com- ments of Perez .. He adds a good discussion of his own regarding the text. Thomas (1882, p. 188-192) follows Valentini in printing the text and translation. Valentini (1896) also mentions this Perez manuscript. Perez (6) has also left a comparison between the Perez Codex and similar portions of the Chilam Balam de Tizimin and the Mani proper. Mayer (1851, v. 2, p. 173-177) refers to this manuscript.
Brasseur de Bourbourg (1855-56, v. 51, p. 208: 1857-59, v. 2, p. 2, note) mentions the Stephens edition of the Perez Codex and he (1864, p. 420-429) published the Maya text and an attempt at a new translation in French. He took his text from Stephens and his translation is clearly based on that of Stephens as he did not have access to the original Spanish translation. Charencey (1874) reprinted the whole from Brasseur de Bourbourg. Bancroft (1874- 76, v. 5, p. 624-627) follows Stephens. Ancona (1878-1905; ed. 1889, v. 1, p. 382-384) gives the Maya text only.
1 See Stephens (1843, v. 2, p. 278-280), where he tells of obtaining it.
? The only difference I could find between the text printed by Carrillo y Ancona and the Stephens copy is that in the latter the sub-title is Corrección cronología de manuscrito instead of Juicio analitico del manuscrito as it is in the Carrillo y Ancona original.
Note some interesting observations on Carrillo y Ancona and the Mani manuscript in Troncoso, 1883, notes A. and H.
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APPRAISEMENT OF WORKS
Brinton (1882, p. 89-135) attempts a new translation of the Maya text with extended comments and a comparison of the translations of Perez, and of Brasseur de Bourbourg with his own. Juan Molina (1896, p. x, xlviii et seq.) and Seler (1892) quote sentences from the Brinton translation.
Raynaud (1891-92, p. 145-149) tries to improve on the transla- tion of Brinton. Charencey (1896, p. 13-16) endeavors to correct the translation of a paragraph of Brinton. Seler (1895) gives the text and translation of several sentences of the manuscript. Palma y Palma (1901, p. 750-753) gives the Spanish only of the Perez manuscript. Martínez Hernández (1909) has made the last and most successful attempt to translate the Maya text.
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