USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Madisonville > Indian Village Site and Cemetery Near Madisonville, Ohio > Part 59
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J'in (5'ok-in) 5'1b
J'ib-n-ah-ah-n-en
I have just written I wrote a long time ago write
Imperative 5'ib-en
Passive
Present tun (tan-u) 5'ib-t-il or 5'ib-t-al
Future hu (he-u) J'ib-t-il-e
Past J'ib-t-ah-b-i, or 5'ib-t-ah-n-1
it is being written it will be written it was written
CLASS IV. Verb "to be"
Present winik-en
Future
hen (he-in) winik-tal-e, or
winik-tšal-e
bin winik-tal-ak-en
Past winik-h-en
I am a man I shall be a man, I shall become a man I am going to become a man I was a man
286
APPENDIX II PARADIGMS FROM BELTRAN, SAN BUENAVENTURA, CORONEL, LOPEZ, AND TOZZER1
FIRST CONJUGATION; nakal, ascend, climb
BELTRAN
SAN BUENAVENTURA
CORONEL
LOPEZ ?
TOZZER
Intransitive, Indicative
Present nakal in kah
nakal in kah
nakal in kah
ten kin nakal or nakal in kah
tin nakal or nakal in kah
Imperfect
nakal in kah kutši
nakal in kah katši
nakal in kah utši (?)
Preterit naken Pluperfect naken ili kutši Future bin nakaken
nakal in kah kutši naken naken ili kutši bin nakaken
nakal in kah kutši naken (naaken) naken ili kutši bin nakaken
naken, J'ok in nakal (§106) naken, s'in nakal sokili in nakal bin nakaken or hen nakale or bin nakäken he in nakale (§107)
Fut. perf. naken ili kotšom
naken ili kutšom
naken ili kutšom
Imperative
Present naken
Future
naken kat nakaketš
naken kat nakaketš .
naken
naken
Participle
Pres., fut., ah nakal
ah nakal nakan
ah nakal nakan
nakaan
Passive naksabal
Pas. stem naksal
! See note, p. 52.
, The verb hanal is used by Lopez (§77) for forms corresponding to this conjugation.
H nakal nakan naksabal naksal
APPENDIX II
Preterit nakan
SECOND CONJUGATION; kambesah, show
BELTRAN
SAN BUENAVENTURA
CORONEL
TOZZER
Transitive, Indicative
Present
ten kambesik
Imperfect
ten kambesik kutši
Preterit
in kambesah
Pluperfect
in kambesah ili kutši
Future bin in kambes
Future perfect in kambesah ili kotšom
kambesah in kah kambesah in kah kutši in kambesah in kambesah ili kutši bin in kambes in kambesah ili kotšom
kambesah in kah kambesah in kah kutši in kambesah in kambesah ili kutši
bin in kambes in kambesah ili kutšom
.Imperative
Present Future
kambes
kambes kat a kambes
kambes kat a kambes
kambes(e)
Participles
Present
a kambesah
ah kambesah ah kambesabal
ah kambesah ah kambesabal
H kambes kambesabal kambesan
Preterit
kambesahan or kambesan kambesan or kambesahaan kambesaan
Passive stem
kambesabal
kambesabal
kambesabal
tin kambesik tin kambesik utši (?) tin kambesah
hen kambesike, bin in kambes(e)
PARADIGMS
Passive
ah kambesabil
kambesal
287
- ..
THIRD CONJUGATION; oik, obey
BELTRAN
SAN BUENAVENTURA
CORONEL
TOZZER
Transitive, Indicative
Present
ten oikik
Imperfect
ten oikik kutši
Preterit
in oikah
Pluperfect
in oikah ili kutši
Future bin in bike or oikib
oik in kah oik in kah kutši in oikah in oikah ili kutši bin in olkib
bik in kah oik in kah kutši in olkah in olkah ili kutši
bin in olkib
hen oikike (bike), bin in olke
Future perfect in oikah ili kotšom
in sikah ili kotšom
in oikah ili kutšom
Imperative
Present
bike
Future
Jiki kat a oikib
oiki kat a oikdib
bike
Participle
Present
ah oik
ah oik Jikakan
ah oik
Preterit Jikan
Passive ah bikbil or ah olkil
ah olkil oikil
ah olkil sikil
Intransitive, Indicative
Present bik in kah (§63)
Preterit oiknahen (§113) Future bin oiknaken
oiknen (p. 6 ob) bin olknaken
tin olk or oik in kah oiknahen hen olke or bin olknaken
288
tin olkik tin olkik utši (?) tin oikah
.
APPENDIX II
H olk Jikan olkabal olkil
Passive stem oikil
FOURTH CONJUGATION; kanan, protect
BELTRAN Transitive, Indicative
SAN BUENAVENTURA
CORONEL
LOPEZ 1
TOZZER
Present
ten kanantik
kanan in kah
kanan in kah
Imperfect ten kanantik kutši
kanan in kah kutši
kanan in kah kutši
Preterit
in kanantah
in kanantah
in kanantah in kanantah ili kutši
Pluperfect
in kanantah ili kutši
in kanantah ili kutši
Future
bin in kanante
bin in kanante
bin in kanante
Fut. per. in kanantah ili kotšom in kanantah ili kotšom
Imperative
Present
kanante
kanante kat a kanante
kanante kat a kanante
kanante
kanante
Future
Participle
Present ah kanan
ah kanan
Pres. pas. ah kanantabal
ah kanantabal
Preterit kanan, kanantan or kanantahan
kananan or kanantahan
kanantabal kanantaan or kanantaban kanantaal or kanantabal kanantal
Pas. stem kanantabal
kananta bal
ten kin kanantik ten kin kanantik katši ten tin kanantah J'okili in kanantik bin in kanante, he in kanantike (§107)
tin kanantik tin kanantik utši (?) tin kanantah
hin kanantike, bin in kanante
PARADIGMS
H kanan kanantabal kananan
" The verb hantik is used by Lopez (§ 82) for forms corresponding to this conjugation.
289
APPENDIX III
LIST OF NUMERAL CLASSIFIERS 1
Ak. For canoes, boats, houses, lots, seats, earthen vessels, churches, altars, caves, holes or pits, troughs, villages, or maize fields.
Ahau. For the twenty-year groups of the Maya calendar, which are like our indictions, although they consist of a larger number of years than these. The native century or era contained 13 ahaues, or 260 years.
Awat. For distances; miles or quarters of leagues.
Baq. For 400; because just as we count by thousands, the Indians counted by 400, saying hunbaq, kabaq, etc.
Bal. For ends of ropes, of thread, etc. For things [z].
Balatš. For strokes, of measurements made by rule, line or compass.
Balaq. For the turns given to cords laid in circles, or to similar things which are twisted or twined. (Compare Kos'.)
Ban. For things in heaps. The same as banab, which also serves for counting small flocks or herds of animals.
Em. For births.
Kat. For quadrupeds [z].
Kot. For quadrupeds.
Koo. For lengths of threads, cords, rods or staffs; for " pieces " of time.
Kos'. For rolls or circular twists, "a roll of cord " (made of native vines). Compare Balaq.
Kuk. For elbow measurements.
Kutš. For loads.
Kul. For shrubs, young trees, maize plants, and balls or lumps of dough. Qan. For rope.
Qas. For closets, rooms, etc.
Tšatš. For handfuls of herbs or hair.
Tšinab. For what is measured by gemes, i.e., the space from the end of the thumb to the end of the forefinger extended.
Tš'lik. For incised wounds made by arrows, lances, knives, sticks, etc., which are thrown and remain sticking in the flesh.
Ts'ot. For counts of skeins of thread.
Tš'ui. For bunches of fruit, strings of beads, necklaces, braids, bags, and things which are carried hanging from the hand. Hah. For splinters [z].
1 This list was originally published by Beltran (1746; ed. 1859, p. 203-208). An English translation was made by Nuttall (1903, p. 674-678). Several addi- tions have been made from Zavala (indicated by Z) and from the author's own investigations.
290
291
LIST OF NUMERAL CLASSIFIERS
Hat. For mantles or " pati " for piernas of mantles or pati; also for splinters of wood.
Hau. For gourd vessels split into halves, pages of writing, quarters of dead animals, and slices of fruit.
Heb, Hebal, Hebel. For piernas of mantles or pati; also for the counting of provinces.
Hets. For hours and pages of books. Also used in counting strings of bells. Heq. For branches or bunches.
Lať. For dishes of food.
Lat'abqin. For hours; hun lat'abqin " one hour."
Lem. For times; hun lem " once." (Compare Mal and Muk.)
Lot. For counting in pairs, such as kan lot " four pairs."
Lub. For counting leagues.
Mal. For counting numbers of times. (Compare Lem.)
Muk. For the same count of times and for duplications, such as paying " twice as much " " three times as much," etc.
Muts'. For small heaps of seeds, stones, earth, or for crowds of animals, birds, and people.
Mol. For things that are united or congregated.
Nab. For handbreadths as a measure.
Nak. For things that are close to each other, such as jugs, staffs, or seated men.
Nakat. For recumbent living beings.
Num. For times, when expressed by ordinal numbers.
Ok. For things measured by handfuls.
Paak. For mantles or paties of four edges (i.e., square pieces of stuff).
Paq. For blows, times, years.
Pats. For birds and other animals; employed from number 9 to 19, after which the expression hun tab, " twenty " is used.
Pal. For things which are long and not thin, such as beehives, canoes, sea- boats, wooden beams, bales of cloth, and skeins of thread.
Pek. For circular things, such as consecrated wafers, maize-cakes, and others which are flat.
Pet. For maize-fields and for pastures.
Pes'. For chapters of books and for orations and songs.
Pis. For years, days, months, and coin currency (a real or peso or dollar).
Pits'. For pieces of a thing cut off and for mouthfuls.
Poq. For fish, birds, and animals.
Pul. For lashes given with a whip or blows dealt with the flat side of the blade of a sword.
P'eel. For all inanimate things in general.
P'ik. For a written chapter or articles of faith; or for rows of stones, each row or stone being above the other.
P'is. For any kind of measure or weight. At the same time this particle usually expresses a fanega or measure consisting of twelve almudes.
P'otš. For bunches of fruit.
P'uuk. For plants and trees. The particle šek is more popularly used.
292
APPENDIX III
P'uk. For mouthfuls of food or swallows of liquid.
Sap. For counts of arm's lengths; each contains two yards.
Šek. For trees and other plants.
Tas. For things which follow each other in order or in line; also for heavens.
Te. For counts of years, months, days, leagues, cocoa, eggs, and calabashes or squashes.
Ten, Tenak. For numbers of times, and tenak for past times. Tenel is also used for times, but with the particle bahun or bahuns or another.
Tenel. For number of times in questions. (z)
Tuk. For heaps of things.
Tul. For men, women, angels, and souls.
T'il, sool. For things placed in order or file and for the subdivisions of a house.
T'ol. For lines, furrows, ditches, or trenches, and for pages, printed columns, naves of churches, etc.
Jill. For the selvage of mantles or cloths and for folds of paper or the leaves of books.
Juk. For towns, paragraphs, articles, chapters, notices, heaps or piles, divi- sions of a whole in various parts.
J'ak. For steps, grades, crowns, or things which are placed one over the other, or for something that succeeds another, such as one governor after another. It is then an ordinal number.
D'am. For consecrated wafers, pamphlets, shoes, and of all things which are counted in pairs.
J'ik. For persons, this particle being specially dedicated to the persons of the Holy Trinity. It is also employed for counting fingers as well as for the husbands or wives that a person has had.
J'it. For candles; cane pipes; long fruits, such as bananas; also alligator pears, ears of corn, the mamey fruit, etc.
Wal. For leaves of tobacco, of banana trees, etc.
Was'. For counting journeys or the number of times a person goes and comes in performing some business.
Wol. For balls of dough, bundles of cotton or of wool, balls of thread and other round things.
Wuo'. For folded cloths and similar things.
Yal. For sheaths or things that are brought together.
APPENDIX IV
COMPARATIVE VOCABULARIES
INTRODUCTION
THE following vocabulary is made up, first of all, of a collection of Maya words gathered in 1893 from various towns in Yucatan. The document, which is a typewritten copy of the original lists of words, was purchased from Paul Wilkinson in the sale of his library by Mr. Charles P. Bowditch and presented by him to the Peabody Museum. This manuscript has an introduction on Maya pronunciation by Crescencio Carrillo y Ancona. It is probable that the collection of words was made for a contemplated work by him on the Maya language.
The vocabulary from Peto was made by Presbítero D. Manuel A. Valez, that from Valladolid by Licenciado L. Manzano, that from Tizimin by Francisco Rejón Espínola, and that from Sotuta is unsigned. These towns are widely separated. Valladolid is the most eastern town in the settled portion of the peninsula, Tizimin is almost directly north of Valladolid, about half way to the coast, Peto is in the south-central part of Yucatan, and Sotuta is north of Peto about a third of the way to the northern coast.1
A careful study of these words together with grammatical forms collected in the same areas would probably show slight dialectical differences in the language .?
In order that a comparison may be made between these modern vocabularies and those of early date, corresponding terms are given, wherever possible, from the Motul, the San Francisco, and the Ticul dictionaries. These early works probably date from the end of the xvI to the end of the XVII century.
There are comparatively few cases where words of the three early authorities differ entirely from those of the four modern
1 It is well to point out that there is a Book of Chilam Balam from Tizimin and a collection of documents in Maya from Sotuta as well as a Libro del Judio from the same locality.
? See note by Palma y Palma, Part I, p. 14.
293
294
APPENDIX IV
lists. It is much more common to find the earlier terms for the same word differ among themselves and the later words agreeing some with one and some with others of the older lists. Of the later vocabularies, the words in the Peto, Tizimin, and Valladolid lists are much more frequently in agreement than the corresponding words from the Sotuta collection.
In words where there is a possibility for single or double vowels, the Peto collector is more inclined to use the double vowels than any of the others. In the Sotuta and Ticul vocabularies, on the other hand, the single vowel occurs most frequently. The Peto list, for example, uses eight single to seventeen double vowels while the Sotuta uses fifteen single to six double vowels and the Ticul eleven single to three double vowels.1
In the Valladolid and the Tizimin lists the use of n in place of m is common. There is also often a different usage in the earlier vocabularies in this respect, the Motul and the Valladolid using šinbal, and all the others have the more common form, šimbal. In the later lists, the Peto, the Sotuta, and the Valladolid use hun, the Tizimin alone using hum.
The use of the fortis forms differs greatly. In the Peto and Sotuta vocabularies one finds oa, or bah, to give; in all the others the form is s'a or D'ah.
The differences in many of the verbal forms are due to the fact that in some cases the verb is understood in a transitive sense and · in others as an intransitive.
Disregarding the failure to recognize the proper form of the verb, the use of the semi-vowels, w and y, before vowel stems, and the use of the masculine and feminine prefixes, there is a sur- prising agreement between the earlier and later vocabularies. It is only fair to point out, however, that the words given in the lists are common every-day terms and one would not expect to find many changes in these. Words for spring, summer, autumn, and winter are given in the later vocabularies except the Tizimin, the author of which notes, quite properly, that there are no words in Maya exactly corresponding to these terms. The words for ice and snow are naturally not found in the earlier lists.
1 Note the discussion of the use of the double vowel in Part I, p. 30.
295
COMPARATIVE VOCABULARIES
VOCABULARIES 1
abdomen, afternoon,
naq, p, s, v, z : m. homtan-il, s. qo, m.
o-qin, m, f, t, o-qin-al, z. o-qn-al, z. o-qin-il, z. okan-qin, p, v. sis-qin, s.
lah -, z. tulakal, all. tu-sin-il, m, f.
pun, s. p'un, z. p'um, p : m, t. us'-bil-tše, v.
qab, s, z : m, f, t. noh-qab, p. s'ik-qab, p. s'it-qab, v.
all, arch (arco), arm, armadillo, wetš, p, z. h-wetš, s, v. ibatš, t. arrow, hul, s, v, z. hul-eb, p. hal-al, t. autumn, itš-ha-ha-lil, p. qini-yaš-le, v. no word, z. axe, baat, all. bad, lob, s, v : m, f, t. qas, p, s, z. ma patan, m.
bark (ladrar), tši-bal, p, z. ha-hai-tši-bal, s. awat-tši-bal, v. yawat- peq, m, f. u qeyah-peq, m. f.
bark (corteza), sool, z. sol-tše, s. sool-tše, p. patš, v. boš, f, t. boš- el-tše, f. sos', p, s, v, z : t.
bat, bear (080), san-hool, p. saan-hool, z. sam-hol, t. kab-noh, m, f. beard, notš, s. nootš, p, v, z. meš, m. meeš, f, t. keb, m. tšťitš', s : m, f, t. tšiitš, v. tš'iitš, p. tš'iitš', z.
bird,
black, boš, p, s, v, z : f, t. eq, z : f. eeq, p : f.
qiq, s : m, f, t. qliq, p, v, z.
blood, blue, yaš, z. ya-yaš, t. yaš-kab, m, f. yaš-kaben, f. yaš- top'en, f. yaš-sak-nohen, v. yaš-il-kaan, z. sak- yaaš, p.
boar (jabali),
body,
bone,
kitam, s, z. qas-i-qeqen, p, v. qaš-il-qeqem, s. winkil, p. winklil, s, z. h-wiklil, v. kukut, m, f, t. bak, all.
boy,
pal, z. paal, m. ši-pal, p, s, v, z. šibi-pal, z. sem, p, s, v, z. tan, m, f.
breast, breasts of woman, im, p, s, z. yim, v. brother, elder, sukun, s : m, t. sukuun, p, z : f. nohotš sukun, v.
brother, younger, buzzard,
is'in, s : m, f, t. wisin, p. wis'in, p, z. h-wis'in, v. tš'om, p, s, v, z.
tšem, p, s, v, z. tš'em, p.
canoe, chatter (charlar), Jik-bal, p. ban-kab-klu-bal, s. tš'o-tš'op-tši, v. sakatš- t'an, z. t'an-t'an-ah, z.
chief, holil, p. noh-tšil, p. halatš winik, s, z. yun-oil, v. H-meq-tan, z. kutš-kab, z. meq-tan-kah, z.
child, tšam-pal, p, v. tšan-tšan-pal, m, f, t. tšan-ši-pal, s. tšan-tš'u-pal, s. mehen-pal, m, f.
1 The letters following the Maya words refer to the various vocabularies where the terms occur: p, Peto; s, Sotuta; v, Valladolid; z, Tizimin; m, Motul; 8, San Francisco; and t, Ticul. A colon separates the older from the later authorities.
.
296 chile, cigarette,
· cold, come, corn, coyote, cradle (cuna),
crow (cuervo), crow (cacarear),
APPENDIX IV
ik, p, z : t. iq, s, v. tšamal, z. tšutš'-lem, f. tšutš-lem, t.
sis, s : t. siis, p, z. keel, p, v : m, f. keel-en, t. tal, z : m, f. tal-el, p, s :m, f, t. u-tal, v. išim, s : m, f, t. šiim, p, v, z. išiim, p, z.
u-peqil-qaaš, p. h-wayu, v.
tas-tše-qan, p. qu-pal, s. kutš-il u s'a-bal pal-al tan tu sihil, v. qu-tšam-pal, z.
tšom, s. tšom, v, z. tšim-toq, p.
go-goan-kil, z. qo-qoan-kil u-lum, t. tokan-kil u kal u lun, m. to-tokan-kil u kal u lum, f. to-tok-t'ere, p, s. tša-tšak t'oloan-kil, z. awat u lun, m. awat u lum, f.
cry out (gritar), dance, oqot, all. daughter, by father, š-mehen, z. iš-mehen, m, f, t. wiš-mehen, p, z. i- tš'upu-iš-mehen, s. ts'up-lal, v.
daughter, by mother, al, m, f. wal, z. tšu-pal, t. tšup-lal, m. tš'u-pal, p. tš'up-lal, f. š-tšup-wal, s, z. tšupu-al, v.
day, dead, deer,
qin, all. sasil-qin, s. sasil, t. kimen, all.
keh, v, z : f, t. kech, p. šibil-keh, s.
dog,
uq-ul, all.
drink, drop (gotear), tš'ah, v, z. tšah-al, p. tš'ah-al-haa, m. tšah-al-haa, f.
t'ah-al, t. t'ah-al-haa, m, f. t'unul-haa, m, f. tš'ab-il, s.
duck, kus-a, f. kus-ha, p, z : t. kuo-haa, s. patuš-ha, p. ear, šikin, p, v, z : m, f, t. lee šikin, s.
earth (tierra),
lum, s : m. luum, p, v, z : f, t. kab, z.
eat,
han-al, all. sentah-ba, z.
kan-il-ha, p.
he, p, v, z :f, t. hee, s. eel, s, z.
face,
itš, p, s, z : m, f, t. witš, v. tan-itš, p.
natš, s, z : f. naatš, p, v, z. natš-il, z.
far, father, yum, s, z : m, f, t. llum, p. yum-bil, t. tata, v. tat, z. qu-qum, all.
feather, finger, al-qab, z. yal-qab, p, s, z. ts'il-bi-qab, v. motš, z: m. motš-qab, m. motš'-qab, f, t.
its'ak, p, s, v, z.
finger-nail, fire, qaq, s, z : m, f. qaaq, p, v.
kai, p, s, v, z : m, t. saqin, f. yio, f. tš'a, f.
fish (pez), fish (bobo), sohol-kai, v. fish (bagre), lu, p, v, z. lun, s. boš-kai, p.
fly,
yaš-katš, s, v, z : m, f. yaaš-katš, p. ok, all.
foot,
awat, all. ta-tah-awat, m.
peq, all.
eel, egg, eye, itš, s, z : m, f, t. witš, v. tuq-nel-itš, p.
297
COMPARATIVE VOCABULARIES
forehead, forest, forget,
friend,
lek, s, z : m, f, t. lek-tši, s. tši-lek, p, v. qaš, m. qaaš, p, s, v, z. pok-tš'e, m. tš'en-tše, m. tub-ul, s : m, t. tub-olal, z. tub-sa, v. tub-sah, p : f. tub-esah, m. etool, p. etall, z : m, f, t. yukunah winik, s. yukuna h-winik, v. nup-t'an, m, f. hun-pel u lak, f. hun- p'el u lak, m.
frijol, fox (zorra), girl,
buul, all.
otš, p, s, v. tšomac, z. tšamak, m. tš'amak, f.
š-ts'u-pal, s, v, z. š-tš'upu-pal, z. tš'up-lal-paal, f. tšup-lal-paal, m.
give, Ja, p. sah, s. s'a, m, f, t. s'ah, p, z. u-s'a-bal, v. hah, s.
go, bin, p, v. bin-el, p, s, z : t. ben, m, f. ben-el, m, f, t. qu, all. kitš-kelem-yum, s.
god, gold, qan-maskab, p. qan-qan-taqin, m, f, t.
good,
us, all. mal-ob, p, s, z. tibil, m, f, t.
goodness, goose (ganso), gourd,
qum, s, z. quum, p, v : m, f.
grave, green,
muk-nal, p, s, v, z : t. muk-sah, f. muk-kimen, f. yaš, s. yaaš, p. v, z : m, f, t. ya-yaš, m, f. yaašil-kaaš, z. (" se confunden el verde y el azul " z).
groan (bramar),
akan, all.
hair,
5000, all. 503-el, z.
hand,
qab, p, v, z : m, f, t. tan-qab, s.
he,
le, p, z. leti, p, s, v, z.
head , heart,
pol, p, s, v, z : m, t. hool, p, z : m, f, t.
herb,
šiu, all.
wai, z : m. waye, p, v, z : t. tela, s, z.
puuk, p, z : f, t. wio, s. mul, z. muul, v. noh-muul, v. qaaš, p. Jimin, all.
horse, house, house of palm, husband, I,
na, p, v, z : m, f, t. nah, s. ototš, z : m, f.
šani-na, v. šanil-na, p, s, z. pasel, z. yukil-na, z.
itšam, m, f. h-witšam, v. witšam, p, s, z.
ten, p, s, v, z.
ice, yeeb, p. noh-tat-yeeb, p. bat, s, v, z.
indian,
masewal, p, v, z. H-maya-bil, z.
island, peten, z. petem, s. Jukub-luum, p. hay luum itš ha, v. kettle, maskab-kum, p, z : f. kum maskab, t. u-kutšil, v. lokansa-ha, v.
kim-sah, p, s, z : m, f. kin-sah, v.
kill, knife, qupeb, p. šoteb, p, s, z. tšan-qab-maskab, v.
lake, šos-ha, v. J'as', z. agal, p, z. tši-tšan-qanaab, p.
large, noh, m, f, t. nohotš, p, s, v, z : t.
pusiiq, z. puksiqal, all.
here, hill,
us-il, p, z : m, f. yus-il-in-puqsiqal, v. tibil us-il, f. yak-bok, p.
298
APPENDIX IV
laugh, laziness,
tšeh, v. tšeeh, p. z : f, t. muqluk u tšeeh, m. tšek, s. ma-qol, m. ma-qobal, s. ma-qolal, v, z :f, t. ma- qolil, p.
leaf, le, p, v, z : m, f. u-leh tše, t. leh tše, s.
ok, s : f. muq-ok, p. p'ul-ok, v, z. selek, s.
tus, all.
lemba, t. lemba-kaan, m, f. lemba-tšak, p, s. lemba- tšaak, z.
living, lizard,
ku-šan, s, z. ku-šaan, p, v.
tolok, p, z. iš-metš, m. iš-me-metš, s, z : f. meretš, v. iš-be-betš, s. š-selutš, s. pikuneil, z. silwoh, z. iš-tulub, s, z.
love (amar), love (amor), man,
yakuna, v. yakunah, p, z : m, f, t. yakunah-il, s. yukuna, v, z. yakunah, p, s : m, f, t.
winik, z : m, f, t. bal-kab winik, m. šib, v, s. H-šib, p, z.
many,. meat,
yab, s. yaab, p, v, z : m, f.
baq, all.
memory,
qah-sa, v. qah-sah, p, z : f. qah-lai, s, z : m. u, all.
morning, mosquito,
qaš-ol, m. qoš-ol, p, s, v, z : f.
na, p, z. naa, m, t. nah, s. na-il, z. mama, v.
mother, mouse,
ts'o, p, v, z : m, f, t. ts'oo, s. ·
mouth,
tši, p, v, z : m, f. tšil, s : t.
name,
qaba, all.
near, nas-ti, p. nas'-ti, s, v, z. naq-lik, z.
neck,
kal, all.
night,
aqab, all.
no, ma, p, s, v, z : m. maa, f. matan, m, f.
nose,
ni, p, v, z : m. nii, s : f, t.
ocean, qab-nab, s, v. qa-naab, p. qaq-nab, m. qaq-nab-e, m. qaq-naab, z.
old, people, pigeon,
ukum, s, z : m, f, t. kastran-ukum, p. kastian-ukum, z. sak-pakal, z. ku-kut-kib, z. susui, z.
pine, pipe,
hobon-tše, v.
taš-kab, p, z. ta-taš-luum, s. usi-luum, v.
priest,
ah-qin, m, f. H-qin, p, s, z. yun-qin, v. yun-h-qin, z. pišnal-yum-oil, s. ah-meqtan-pišan, z. iq-kab, z.
puma,
koh, v : m, f. tšak-koh, p. qan-koh, z. balam, t. tšak-bolai, m.
rabbit, rain (lluvia),
t'ul, s, v : m, f, t. t'uul, p, z.
ha, p. kašal-ha, s, z. kašal-haa, m. ha-hal, v. has- haal, m. tšaak, p, z.
moon,
samal, p, z : m, f. has-kab, v, z. has-kab-qin, s.
noh-šib, f, t. nu-šib, p, s, v, z. lab, z. utšben, z. maak, p, z. winik, s, v.
hu-hub, p.
plain (lano),
leg, lie (mentir), lightning,
299
COMPARATIVE VOCABULARIES
rain (lloviznar),
tos-ha, p, s, v, z : t. tos-haa, f, m. to-tos-ha, p. tosol- ha, z. sabal-ha, f. sabal-haa, m.
rain water, tšulub, z. tšulub-ha, z : t. tšakil-haa, m. tšakiqal- haa, f. kanil-haa, m. kaanil-han, f.
Jab-kan, p, s, v, z. ahau-kan, z.
rattle-snake, reason, naat, m, f. toh-ť'an, p, s. kušolal, z : m, f, t. u nuk- t'an, v.
red, tšak, p, v, z : m, f. tša-tšak, p, z : m, f, t. tšu-tšak, s. bekan, z. bekan-ha, p. hai-ha, v. yatš-ha, z. yok- ha, f, t. yok-haa, m.
rob, run, salt, sandal (guarache) scorpion,
taab, all.
šanab, p, z. šanab-kewel, p, s, v, z.
sinan, s. sinaan, p, v, z : m, f.
ilah, s, z. ilmah, (permitir) m, f, t. pakat, p, v.
sak-maskab, p. sak-taqin, m, f, t.
qai, all.
kik, p, s, z : f, t. klik, m. nohotš kik, v.
is'in, m, f, t. wis'in, p, z. tšup-is'in, s. tšupu-is'in, v. kutal, p, s, v, z. šekba, z.
silver, sing, sister, elder, sister, younger, sit, sky, kaan, all. sleep, wen-el, all. small, tši-tšan, p, s, v, z. tšan-tšan, m, t. ma-tšan-tšan, m, f. manob, m. mehen, m, f. s'es', t.
soldier, qatun, m, f, t. H-qatun, z. qaatun, v. qatun-maak, s. bateel, p. batel-naal, p. H-batel, z. boteel, m. H-p'isba, z. holkan, f.
snake,
kan, v, z : m, f, t. qanal-kan, s. quqi-kan, p, v. quqil- kan, s.
snow, son, by mother, son, by father, speak,
yeeb, p, s, v.
al, m, f, t. wal, p, z. šibi-al, s, v. šibi-bal, z.
mehen, p, z : m, f, t. laq-pal, v, z. šibi-iš-mehen, s.
t'an, s, v, z : m, f, t. tetan, p.
yaš-qin, m. itš-yaš-qin, p. yaš-tšun-hab, v. no word, z. kuuk, p, s, v, z.
spring, squirrel, stand (pararse), watal, all. star, eq, all. stone, tun, p. tunitš, all. buq-tun, z. strong, ťa, s. tšitš, p, v, z. qaam, z. um-qan, v. mu-qaan, z. yaš-qin, p. qin-un-yabil, t. qin tun yaabil, m, f. qini- qil-kab, v. lub-tšak, p. no word, z.
summer,
sun, tejon, temple, that,
qin, all.
tšab, p. šib, s. emutš, v.
· quna, p, v, z : m, f. qunah, s. yototš qu, m, f. le -e, z. lai, s. lailo, z. le letieele, p. leti-wale, v. helo, m.
river,
okol, p, s, v, z. koo, m, f, t. paa-koo, m, f.
alkab, all.
see,
300
APPENDIX IV
there, te, f. telo, v, z. tel-lo, t. tlo, z. tolo, p, s, z. lelo, p. -0, z.
they, this, thought, thumb, thunder, thunder-clap,
leti-ob, v, z. le-ob-ti, p, s, z. te-ob-ti-ob, p. le, z. lela, z. le -a, z. letiela, p, s, V. tukul, all.
na-qab, p, v, z : m, f, t. naa-qab, s.
kil-ba, v. kil-bal, p. amba, z. ambah, 8. tšaak, z. amba-tšak, s. hum-tšaak, p, s. u pek-tšak, t. yakan-tšak, v.
tiger (tigre)
balam, s : m. balam-tšak-eqel, z. tšak-mool, p, v, & tšak-eqel, s, z.
time, toad, tobacco, to-day,
qin, z : t. qin-il, p, s, z. u-qin-il, v : m, f. mutš, all. uo, p, s.
quo, s, v, z : f. quus, p.
hele, f. be-hele, z. be-hela, z. be-helae, z. be-helak, v. ba-hele, p, s.
toe, to-morrow, tongue, tooth, tree,
al-ok, z. yal-ok, p, s. tšil-bi-ok, v. sau, m. samal, p, s, v, z. has-kab, v : m, f. aq, p, s, z : m, f, t. hu-aq, v. ko, all.
true, turkey, · turtle, valley,
ak, m, f, t. aak, p, s, v, z.
qop, m, f, t. qoop, z. qom, m, f, t. tša-qan, p. tas- luum, v. hem-lum, t.
village,
kah, all. noh-kah, s. tan-kah, p. tšan-kah, s. kah- talil, p. noh-kab, p. ka-kab, z.
šimbal, p, s, z : f, t. šinbal, v : m.
qai, z : m. qo-go-qai, p. hum, m, awat, m.
tšoko, p, s, z. tšokoh, v. tšakau, m, f.
ha, p, v, z : t. haa, s : m, f.
toon, p, s, v, z.
who, mak, m, f. makš, t. maš, s, z. maaš, p, v. he-maš, z. heken-maaš, z. sak, p, s, v, z : f, t. sasak, p, z : f, t.
white, wife, will (voluntad), wind,
watan, p, s, z. h-waten, v.
olah, p, s, z. u sihil tin puqsiqal, v. iq, all.
wing,
siq, all.
winter,
wolf (lobo), woman, wood,
itš-kelil, p. qini-keel, v. aq-yebil (tiempo de aguas), m, f, t. no word, z. kab-koh, p, s. š-tš'up, p, s, v, z. tšup-lal, f. tš'up-lal, m. tše, all.
walk, warble 'gorjear), warm, water,
we,
kul, z. kulul-tše, p. watal-tše, s. wikiil un p'el tše, v. ts'e, m. tše, t. tše-el, f.
ha, s. hah, v, z : m, f, t. ha-hil, p, z. ha-hi-lil, p. 50, p, z. 300, 8. Jun, s. ulum, v, z. tuš, z.
301
work, world,
meya, v. meyah, p, z. menyah, s : m, f, t. yoqol-kab, z : m, f, t. baal-kah, f. bal-kal, t. baal- kal, m.
yellow, qan, p, v, z : m, f, t. qan-qan, p, s : m. qun-qan, s.
bei, p, v. bal, p. la, s, z.
holhe, p, s, v, z : f, t. holohe, p.
teeš, p, s, z. toon, v. mulanil, v.
tetš, p, s, v, z.
tan-kelem, p, s, v, z.
NUMERATION 1
Peto
Sotuta
Tizimin
Valladolid
1. hun
hun
hum
un
2. ka
ka
ka
ka
3. oš
oš
oš
oš
4. kam
kan
kan
kan
5. ho
ho
ho
hok
6. wak
wak
wak
wak
7. ušuk
wuk
wuk
huk
8. wašak
wašak
wašak
wašak
9. bolom
bolon
bolon
bolon
10. la-hun
la-hun
la-hun
la-hun
11. buluk-hun
buluk
buluk
buluk
un la-hun
12. lah-ka
lah-ka
lah-ka
ka-la-hun
20. hun-qaal
hun-qal
hun-qal
un-qal
30. la-hun-ka-qaal
la-hu-ka-qal
la-hun-ka-qal
oš-gal *
40. ka-qaal
ka-qal
ka-qaal
kan-la-hun
50. la-hun-yoš qaal
la-hu-yoš-qal
la-hu-yoš-qaal oš-qal
un-la-hun-yoš-qal
70. la-hun-kan-qaal
la-hu-kan-qal
la-hun-kan-qaal
ka-la-hun-yoš-qal
80. kan-qaal
kan-gal
kan-qaal
kan-qal
90. la-hun-ho-qaal
la-hu-yo-qal
la-hun-ho-qaal
un-kan-la-hun-qal
100. ho-qaal
ho-gal
ho-gal
ho-qal
1000. pik
hum-pik ·
la-hun-oš-baaq
un-pik
hum-pik ?
la-hun-yoš-qal
60. oš-qaal
oš-qal
1 The numbers given here may be compared with those of Beltran on p. 99-100.
" The author of the Tizimin list states that anciently pik means 8000. See the statement regarding the present use of the term pik in Part I, p. 103.
' Many of the terms from this point onward are obviously incorrect.
yes, yesterday, you (plural), ·you, young,
COMPARATIVE VOCABULARIES
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