USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 12
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Barker, . 1,259 | Triangle, 1,692
CHENANGO,
5,465
Colesville, 2,528
Conklin,. 1,475
Lisle, ... 1,560
Nanticoke, 400
Sandford,. 1,173
BROOME, t. Schoharie co. situ- ated 12 miles south of the village of Schoharie, and distant 38 miles · from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,404 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountainous, timbered with white pine and hemlock ; soil, light sandy loam, but rich in the valleys; it is drained on the west by the Schoharie creek, and | county.
Union, 3,165
Vestal, . 1,253
Windsor,
2,368
Total inhabitants, . .22,338
its tributaries ; and on the east by the Catskill creek. Gilboa, Li- vingstonville and Smithton are the names of post offices.
BROTHER'S ISLANDS, north and south, are situated in the East river, at the lower end of Long Island Sound, and are attached to the town of Newtown, Queens
91
BROWNVILLE-BUFFALO.
BROWNVILLE, t. Jefferson co. |7 miles north of the village of Au- situated 5 miles north-west of the village of Watertown, and distant 164 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,968 inhabitants. The surface is level ; soil, marly loam, on limestone, of excellent quality and highly cultivated, producing large crops of wheat and other kinds of grain; it is watered by Black and Perch rivers; it borders on Lake Ontario, and lies partly between Black river and Chaumont bay. This town was settled by the late Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown, in 1799, from whom it takes its name. Brownville, Dexter, Limerick, Perch River and Point, are the names of post offices.
BROWNVILLE, V. and p. o. Brownville, Jefferson co. is advan- tageously situated on the north bank of Black river, 4 miles below Wa- tertown; it was incorporated in 1829, and now contains about 1000 inhabitants, 125 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 3 public houses, 8 stores, 1 cotton factory, 2 sati- net factories, 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, 2 iron foundries, 2 machine shops, 1 white lead manufactory, 1 oil mill, 1 distillery, 1 pot ashery and 1 tannery.
BRUNSWICK, t. Rensselaer county, situated 4 miles east of the city of Troy, and distant 10 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,051 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly ; soil various, and mostly well cultivated; it is drain- ed by the Poestenkill and its tribu- taries. Millville is the name of a settlement.
BRUSHVILLE, p. o. Mount Morris, Livingston county.
BRUSHVILLE, v. Jamaica, Queens co. this is a small settle- ment situated on the line of the Long Island railroad ; here are situated 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, and a few dwellings.
BRUTUS, t. Cayuga co. situated
burn, and distant 153 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,044 inhabitants. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and sandy loam, gene- rally well cultivated ; it is drained by Branch creek and Cold Spring creek, flowing into Seneca river on the north ; the Erie canal passes through this town. Weedsport is the name of a post office and a vil- lage of some importance, situated on the canal.
BRUYNSWICK, p. o. Shawan- gunk, Ulster county.
BUCKRAM, V. and p. o. Oyster Bay, Queens co. ; here is a thickly settled agricultural settlement, con- taining a Friends' meeting house, a public house, 2 stores, 2 grist mills and 15 or 20 dwellings.
BUCKSBRIDGE, p. o. Potsdam, St. Lawrence county.
BUCKTOOTH, p. o. Little Val- ley, Cattaraugus county.
BUFFALO CITY, Erie co. pos- sessing commanding advantages, is distant from Albany 284 miles by nearest route ; 318 miles by railroad, and 363 miles by the Erie canal. It is situated at the head of Niagara river, the outlet of Lake Erie, and at the foot of the great chain of western lakes, and is the point where the vast trade of these inland seas are con- centrated. The site of the city is one of much beauty, having a gen- tle southern inclination towards the lake. The harbor, formed of Buf- falo creek, lies nearly east and west across the southern part of the city, and is separated from Lake Erie by a peninsula between the creek and lake. This harbor is a very secure one, and is of such ca- pacity that, although steam boats, ships and other lake craft, and ca- nal boats, to the number, in all, of from two to three hundred, have some times been assembled there, for the transaction of the business of the lakes; yet, not one-fourth
92
BUFFALO.
part of the harbor has ever yet been occupied by the vast business of the great and growing west. Facilities, however, have been wanting for bringing together the lake and canal craft, in the eastern part of the harbor; and to furnish these, the canal commissioners, under a special law of the state, are now engaged in extending the Erie canal a mile or more, east of its original termination, across the eastern part of the city, and paral- lel to the harbor ; by which work, and cross cuts therefrom, canal boats will reach every part of the harbor with equal facility. The territory of the city is divided north and south, by Main street, into two nearly equal surfaces ; but by far the greater portion of its inhabitants occupy the eastern half of the city. Buffalo was first settled by the whites in 1801. In 1814 it was all burned by the British, except three buildings. In 1832 it was chartered as a city, and divided into 5 wards ; being governed by a mayor, recorder and board of aldermen. Its population in 1840, according to the United States cen- sus, was 18,213. In 1818 the first steam boat was built upon Lake Erie ; and the total number of sail craft upon these waters, at that time, was 30. There are now, 1841, between 50 and 60 steamboats, with 300 schooners and other sail craft, navigating Erie and the upper lakes, and carrying on an extensive commerce from Buffalo westward, twelve hundred miles, through this chain of inland seas. In 1925, there were but 200 arrivals and clearances of steamboats and other vessels at Buffalo, during the sea- son of navigation. In 1840, there were 4,061 of these ! In 1826, the amount of property sent east, upon the Erie canal from Buffalo, was 5,134 tons; in 1840, the property so sent amounted to 177,607 tons. In 1826,the tolls upon the Erie canal
| received at Buffalo, amounted to but $19,528 ; in 1840, the sum so received was $376,417! At this astonishing rate of increase is the great west pouring her rich pro- ducts to the Atlantic markets, through the medium of Buffalo har- bor and the Erie canal. By means of the Erie canal and the Hudson river, Buffalo is now connected with Albany and New-York; while by a chain of railroads, now nearly completed, she will soon be as di- rectly connected by land through these, with Albany and Boston, Massachusetts. The streets in the most compact portions of the city, are paved ; and the buildings, par- ticularly those for business, are of the most durable construction, and modern style. The sale of goods here, bears a due proportion to the amount of western lake commerce., and of course is very great. Many of the wholesale dealers are direct importers from Europe, on their own account. By an act of the legislature, the common schools of Buffalo have been taken out of the operation of the state school law, and erected into FREE SCHOOLS, under the control of the common council, for the edu- cation of all classes of youth, without charge for tuition, the ex penses being defrayed by the city authorities. A farther valuable aid to intellectual culture is here found in the "Young Men's Associa- tion," an incorporated body, hav ing 450 members. It is out of debt, and owns a library of 3,500 volumes, purchased at a cash cost of $5,000, and containing a great number of choice and rare works.
The city has a court house, jail and county clerk's office ; 2 public markets, one with the city offices in the 2nd story ; 3 Presbyterian, 2 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 2 Roman Ca- tholic, 1 Unitarian, 1 Universalist, 3 German Protestant, 1 Bethel, 1 Methodist and 2 African churches;
93
BUFFALO-BUFFALO CREEK.
1 theatre, 1 orphan asylum, 2 bank- ing houses, 1 fire and marine in- surance company, a number of well kept hotels and taverns; 13 forwarding houses, besides a great number of wholesale and retail stores of different kinds; 1 flouring mill, 1 saw mill, 2 extensive tan- neries, 1 morocco factory, 1 steam engine manufactory, 3 carriage manufactories, 1 woollen blanket manufactory, 14 breweries, 5 soap and candle factories, 4 tobacco factories, 1 steam planing ma- chine, 2 iron foundries, 2 brass do., 2 lock factories, 2 silver platers, 1 Britannia ware, 1 Burr millstone, 1 lead pipe, 1 starch, 1 salæratus, 1 stone ware manufac- tory ; 2 chemical laboratories, 1 ship yard with marine railway at- tached; an United States barracks constructed of brick; 1 type and stereotype foundery, 8 printing offi- ces, 2 book publishing establish- ments,and 2 book-binderies,besides most every other kind of mechanic establishments. Here is a pier or mole constructed of wood and stone by the United States govern- ment, extending 1,500 feet on the south side of the mouth of the creek, or harbor. Upon the head of this pier, is a light house 46 feet high and 20 feet in diameter at its base, a beautiful and durable structure, erected in 1832-3. The Buffalo and Black Rock, and Buf- falo and Niagara Falls railroads, both commence at this place.
In regard to the commerce of the " Far West.," which centres in Buffalo, a writer justly remarks :- "Few men have duly estimated the value of our 1,500 miles unin- terrupted lake navigation. A coast of 3,000 miles, connecting with nu- merous canals and railroads, whose aggregate length, when they shall be completed, will greatly exceed the length of all our inland seas, must create an amount of com- merce far greater than has ever
yet been witnessed on the waters of the Mediterranean. Our vast western world is still almost en- tırely either an unbroken forest or open prairie. But there is no peo- ple on the globe more enterprising and industrious than ours, nor is there another country where labor is equally rewarded. The new state of Michigan produced 3,000,- 000 of bushels of wheat last season, and her crop this year is said to be increased 20 per cent. Wisconsin is a large territory, and equally if not better adapted to the growth of this important staple. The fertility of northern Pennsylvania, Ohio, In- diana and Illinois, is well known. The early completion of the Wa- bash and Erie, and the Illinois and Michigan canals, is now reduced to a certainty. This will create a. new era in the amount of goods to be sent west, and of agricultural products to be sent cast through this great northern channel of trade."
BUFFALO AND BLACK ROCK RAILROAD, extends from the ci- ty of Buffalo to the village of Black Rock, a distance of three miles. This road is constructed of wood, except the rails, and cost about $7,500. The cars are propelled by horse power.
BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS RAILROAD, extends from the city of Buffalo to the vil- lage of Niagara Falls, a distance of 23 miles ; it passes along the line of the Erie canal from Buffalo to Black Rock, thence it diverges a little to the east, for three or four miles ; it then crosses the Tona- wanda creek, and resumes its northern direction along the east bank of the Niagara river, until it reaches the Grand Falls of Nia- gara, where it unites with the Lockport and Niagara railroad. The company was incorporated in 1834, with a capital of $110,000.
BUFFALO CREEK, is formed
94
BULL HILL-BURNS.
by the junction of Cayuga and Se- neca creeks, in the county of Erie; it then runs a distance of 8 miles until it empties into Lake Erie, at the city of Buffalo, receiving Ca- Zenove creek 6 miles above. This stream is navigable for steam boats and vessels of the largest class for some distance from its mouth, and forms the harbor of Buffalo, which by means of a pier and light house is rendered secure, and easily ap- proached from the lake at all sea- sons, except when closed by ice during the winter months.
BULL HILL, a high peak of the "Highlands," is situated on the east side of the Hudson, in the town of Philipstown.
BULLVILLE, p. o. Crawford, Orange co.
BULWAGGA BAY, lies on the west side of Lake Champlain, be- tween Cedar Point and Crown Point, in Essex county.
BURDETTE, V. and p. o. Hec- tor, Tompkins co. is situated on Hector Falls creek; it contains about 400 inhabitants, 60 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Bap- tist church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 woollen factory, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 oil mill, 1 clover mill, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 ashery, and 2 carriage manufactories.
BURLINGHAM, V. Mamakat- ing, Sullivan co. contains about 175 inhabitants, 30 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Methodist church, 1 tavern, 2 stores and 1 tannery.
BURLINGTON, t. Otsego co. situated 12 miles west of Coopers- town, and distant 72 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,154 inhabitants. The surface is rolling ; soil, sandy loam and productive ; it is drained by Butternut and Wharton creeks. Burlington, and Burlington Flats are names of post offices. At the former there is a settlement, containing 1 church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings.
BURLINGTON, t. and p. o. Chittenden co. Vermont, is de- lightfully situated on the east shore of Lake Champlain, 70 miles north of Whitehall. This is the most important place in the state, lying on an indentation of the lake, call- ed Burlington bay; it possesses a convenient and safe harbor for steamboats and lake craft. The U. States government have here erected a breakwater, which pro- tects the shipping from westerly winds, and is a great addition to the security of the harbor. In 1840, it contained a population of 4,721 inhabitants, about 600 dwelling houses ; the University of Vermont, consisting of 4 spacious edifices ; the Episcopal Institute; a court house and jail; 7 churches of dif- ferent denominations, an academy and 2 female seminaries, 2 banking houses, several well kept hotels, and a number of stores of different kinds; besides several factories and mills, and most every kind of mechanic establishments. This vil- lage overlooking the lake, with its bays, islands, and adjacent scene- ry-the passing steamboats and other vessels; possesses a beauty of location probably unsurpassed by any other place in the Union. In trade and commerce it is close- ly allied with the interests of the state of New-York Steamboats stop here daily on their route from Whitehall to St. Johns, Canada ; a steamboat also plies from this place to Port Kent, on the opposite side of the lake, a distance of 10 miles, thence to Plattsburgh, a further distance of 12 miles.
BURLINGTON FLATS, p. O. Burlington, Otsego co .; here is situated on Wharton creek, 1 cot- ton factory, I grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings.
BURNS, t. Allegany co. situated 15 miles north-east of the village of Angelica, and distant 237 miles
95
BURNT HILLS-BUTTERMILK FALLS.
from Albany; contained in 1840, 867 inhabitants. The surface is broken; soil, clay loam of good quality; it is drained by Canasera- ga creek. De Witt's Valley and Whitney's Valley are names of post offices.
BURNT HILLS, p. o. Ballston, Saratoga co .; here are situated 1 Baptist church, 1 tavern, 1 store, and about 20 dwellings.
BURRVILLE, p. o. Watertown, Jefferson co .; here is situated on the north branch of Sandy creek, 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 flour- ing mill, 1 saw mill and 1 tannery.
BURTON, t. Cattaraugus co. si- tuated 15 miles south-east of the village of Ellicottville, and distant 300 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 530 inhabitants. The sur- face is somewhat broken; soil, va- rious, blended with clay, sand and gravel. It is watered by the Al- legany river and some of its tribu- taries. The New-York and Erie railroad passes through this town. Burton is the name of a post office.
BURTONVILLE, p. o. Charles- ton, Montgomery co.
BUSHNELL'S BASIN, p. o. Perrinton, Monroe co .; here is situated on the Erie canal, 1 Pres- byterian church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings.
BUSHWICK, t. Kings co. situa- ted 3 miles east of the city of Brooklyn, and distant 148 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,295 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and somewhat broken; the soil is tolerably good, and well cul- tivated : it is drained by Newtown creek.
BUSKIRK'S BRIDGE, V. and p. o. Cambridge, Washington co. is situated on the Hoosick river ; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 Dutch Re- formed church, 1 tavern, and 2 stores. Here is a free bridge across the Hoosick river.
BUSTI, t. Chautauque co. situa- ted 20 miles south-east of the vil- lage of Mayville, and distant 324 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,894 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and broken; the soil of good quality. It is drained by several small streams which flow into Chautauque lake and its out- let, which bound it on the north. Busti is the name of a post office.
BUTLER, t. Wayne co. situated 13 miles north-east of the village of Lyons, and distant 170 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,271 inhabitants. The surface is rolling, and the soil gravelly loam; it is drained by some small streams, flowing into Lake Ontario. Butler and South Butler are the names of post offices.
BUTTERFIELD LAKE, is one of a small cluster of lakes, lying in the town of Alexandria, Jefferson county.
BUTTERFLY, p. o. New-Ha- ven, Oswego county.
BUTTER HILL, is a high and steep eminence on the west of the Hudson river, opposite Breakneck Hill, at the north entrance of the "Highlands," or Matteawan Moun- tains. These are the northern hills of this range on the river, and the view of the upper country opens at once, on ascending the noble Hudson; after passing these hills, the villages of Cornwall, New- Windsor, Newburgh and Fishkill, together with the diversities of surface and the highly improved farms in view, present a charming (though not more interesting,) contrast to the rude and romantic scenery just passed.
BUTTERMILK CHANNEL, is the name given to the channel be- tween Governor's Island and Long Island, opposite the city of Brook- lyn.
BUTTERMILK FALLS, is the name of a picturesque and ro- mantic cascade, situated on the
.
96
BUTTERNUTS-CALDWILL'S LANDING.
west bank of the Hudson, 2 miles below West Point.
BUTTERNUTS, t. Otsego co. situated 25 miles south-west of Cooperstown, and distant 90 miles from Albany; contained in 1840 4,057 inhabitants. The surface is mostly hilly; soil, red shale, on slate and sand stone. It is drained by Butternut creek and the Una- dilla river, which bounds it on the west. Butternuts and Gilberts- ville are the names of post offices.
BUTTERNUT CREEK, rises in the town of Burlington, Otsego co. and empties into the Unadilla ri- ver ; this is a good mill stream, on which are situated a number of factories and mills.
BYERSVILLE, p. o. Sparta, Li- vingston county.
BYRAM RIVER, a stream that rises in Westchester county, and runs south into Long Island Sound; forming for a short distance, the boundary line between the states of Connecticut and New-York. Its whole length is 18 miles.
BYRNVILLE, p. o. Fulton, Schoharie co .; here are situated 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, and 12 or 15 dwellings.
BYRON, t. Genesee co. situated 10 miles north-east of the village of Batavia, and distant 247 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,907 inhabitants. The surface is level; soil, clay and calcareous loam, mostly well cultivated and productive. It is drained by Black creek. In this town are several sulphur springs. Byron and South Byron are names of post offices.
BYRON, v. and p. o. Byron, Genesee co. contains about 200 in- habitants, 30 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 1 tavern, 3 stores, 1 flouring mill and 1 saw mill, situa- ted on Black creek.
CABIN HILL, p. o. Andes, De- laware co.
CADIZ, V. Franklinville, Catta-
raugus co. is situated on the Ischua creek; it contains about 300 inha- bitants, 45 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 flour- ing mill, 1 saw mill and 1 tannery.
CADOSE CREEK, rises in the town of Tompkins, Delaware co. and flows south into the Papacton branch of the Delaware river.
CADYVILLE, p. o. Plattsburgh, Clinton co. Here are situated on the Saranac river, several manufactur- ing establishments, and 15 or 20 dwellings.
CADYSVILLE, v. Cuba, Alle- gany co. situated at the outlet of a small lake; contains 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills, and about 25 dwellings.
CAIRO, t. Greene co. situated 10 miles west of Catskill, and dig- tant 44 miles from Albany; con- tained in 1840, 2,862 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountain- ous on the west; the soil is good in the valleys, and the uplands are mostly under cultivation. It is watered by the Catskill creek and some of its tributaries. Acra, . Cairo and South Cairo are names of post offices.
CAIRO, v. and p. o. Cairo, Green co. is situated on the Sus- quehannah turnpike, 10 miles west of the village of Catskill; it con- tains about 400 inhabitants, 60 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist and 1 Me- thodist church ; 4 public houses, 6 stores, 1 woollen factory, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 tannery and 1 hat factory ; here is situated the county poor house, to which is at- tached a farm of 100 acres.
CALDWILL'S LANDING, Ha- verstraw, Rockland co. is situated on the west side of the Hudson river, at the south entrance of the " Highlands," directly opposite the village of Peekskill, with which it is connected by a ferry. This is a convenient steam boat landing, 45 miles north of New-York.
97 ‹
CALDWELL-CAMBRIDGE.
in the village of the same name, distant 62 miles from Albany ; con- tained in 1840, 693 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountain- ous, the Palmertown ridge lying upon the south-east ; it is drained by several small streams flowing into Lake George, which bounds it in part on the east. This is a wild and romantic region of country, connected with stirring events during the revolutionary and old French wars, which makes it al- most classic ground ; it is much resorted to by the lovers of the marvellous, the tourist, the sports- man and the angler.
CALDWELL, v. and p. o. Cald- well, Warren co. is delightfully si- tuated on the south-west end of Lake George, 62 miles north of the city of Albany; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, a court house and jail, a county clerk's office, 1 church, 4 hotels and taverns, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, and a plaster mill, situated on Mill brook. In the vi- cinity of this place, on the south end of Lake George, is situated the site of old Fort William Henry, and a short distance beyond, the ruins of Fort George ; still further south is situated the ruins of Fort Gage ; all of which are associated with the early history of this part of the country, during the old French and revolutionary wars. The Lake House at this place is much resorted to, during the sum- mer months, by parties of pleasure and travellers. A steamboat plies regularly between Caldwell and the outlet of the lake at Ticonde- roga, a distance of 36 miles; stages then transport passengers a dis- tance of 4 miles from the landing on Lake George, to the steam boat landing on Lake Champlain; af- fording one of the most picturesque and romantic excursions imagina-
CALDWELL, t. Warren co. con-] ble. Stages also run daily during tains the county buildings situated | the summer months, between Sara- toga Springs and this place, a dis- tance of 27 miles. A short distance south-east of this village, on the stage road to Glen's Falls, is situa- ted the "Bloody Pond," near which in September, 1775, was killed about 1000 English and French, and their bodies thrown in- to this pond, which now presents a wild and gloomy appearance.
CALEDONIA, t. Livingston co. situated 10 miles north of the vil- lage of Geneseo, and distant 228 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,987 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating ; soil, calcareous loam. It is watered by the Gene- see river on the east, and on the west is a spring which sends forth an efficient mill stream.
CALEDONIA, V. and p. o. Cale- donia, Livingston co., contains about 450 inhabitants, 70 dwelling. houses, 2 churches, 3 taverns, 4 stores, 1 flouring mill, 1 saw mill, and 1 brewery.
CALLICOON CREEK, rises in the town of Liberty, Sullivan co. and runs through Cochecton, emp- tying into the Delaware river.
CAMBRIA, t. Niagara co. situa- ted 7 miles west of the village of Lockport, and distant 283 miles from Albany; contained, in 1840, 2,099 inhabitants. The surface is mostly level; soil, sandy and cal- careous loam, underlaid by lime and sandstone; it is drained by several small streams. Cambria and Mount Cambria are names of post offices.
CAMBRIDGE, t. Washington co. situated 12 miles south of the vil- lage of Salem, and distant 34 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2005 inhabitants.' The surface is mostly level; soil, gravelly loam, clay and sandy loam; it is watered on the south by the Hoosick ri- ver and its tributaries. Buskirk's Bridge, Cambridge and Cam-
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