USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 6
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8,062,063
13,500 00|
11,233 35
24,733 35
Westchester, ..
7,770,979
2,968, 115. 10, 739,094
24,293 23
25,097 01
49,390 24
Wyoming, · ..
4,866, 769
247, 156;
5, 113,925
6,726 46
10, 533 54
17,260 00
Yates,
6, 332, 486
324, 812
6,657,298
6,852 93
5,136 74
11,989 67
Seneca,
5, 644, 256
632, 462
2, 172, 631
6,363 66
10,721 63
17,095 29
531, 987, 886 123, 311, 644 655, 299, 530 374, 513 31 2, 298, 842 66 3, 173, 355 97
NOTE .- The average rate of county and town tax on $1 of valuation is 4.9-10 mills.
Corrected Amount of| Amount of.
44
COUNTIES, COUNTY SEATS &c. COUNTIES AND COUNTY SEATS, In the State of New- York, together with the population of each in 1840.
COUNTIES.
Towns.
Pop.
County Seats.
Pop.
Albany,
10
68, 593
Albany,
33,721
Allegany,
30
40, 975 Angelica,
900
Broome,
11
22,338
Binghamton,
2,800
Cattaraugus,
26
28, 872
Ellicottville,
600
Cayuga, .
22
50,338
Auburn,
6,000
Chautauque,
24
47,975
Mayville,
500
Chemung, .
10
20,732
Elmira,
2,300
Chenango,
19
40,785
Norwich,
1,500
Clinton, . .
10
28,157
Plattsburgh,
2,600
Columbia,
19
43,252
Hudson, .
5,671
Cortland,
11
24,607
Cortland,
1,200
Delaware,
18
35,396
Delhi,
800
Dutchess,
18
52,395
Poughkeepsie,
8,000
Erie, .
21
62,466
Buffalo, .
18,041
Essex,
15
23, 634| Elizabetlı,
300
Franklin,
14
16,518
Malone, ..
750
Fulton, .
9
18,049
Johnstown,
1,000
Genesee, (estimated,).
12
29, 964 Batavia,
2,000
Greene, .
11
30,446
Catskill,
2,800
Hamilton,
7
1,907
Lake Pleasant,
100
Herkimer,
19
37,477
Herkimer, .
800
Jefferson,
20
60, 934| Watertown,.
4,000
Kings,
6
47,613
Brooklyn,
36,233
Lewis,
12
17,830
Martinsburgh,
600
Livingston,
10
35, 140
Geneseo, .
900
Madison,
14
40,008
Morrisville,
700
Monroe,
19
64,902
Rochester,
20,202
Montgomery,
10
35, 818
Fonda,.
350
New-York,
312, 710|New-York,
312,710
Niagara,
12
31, 132 Lockport,
6,500
Oneida,
26
85,310
Whitesboro',
1,800
Onondaga,
18
67,911 Syracuse, .
6,500
Ontario,
15
48,501
Canandaigua,
2,700
Orange,
14
50,739
Newburgh,
6,000
Orleans,
9
25,127
Albion,
1,400
Oswego,
21
43,619
Pulaski, S
700
Otsego,
22
49,628
Cooperstown,
1,400
Putnam,
6
12, 825
Carmel,
250
Queens,
6
30,324 Hempstead C. H.
100
Rensselaer,
14
60,259
Troy, .
Richmond,
4
10,965 Richmond,
Rockland,
4
11,965 New-City,
125
St. Lawrence,
26
56,706
Canton,
600
Saratoga,
20
40, 553 |Ballston Spa,
1,500
Schenectady,
6
17,387
Schenectady,.
6,688
Schoharie,'
12
32, 358 Schoharie,
400
Seneca,
10
24,874
Waterloo, S
2,600
Steuben,
27
46, 138| Bath,
1,400
Suffolk,
9
32,469
River Head,
450
Sullivan,
10
15, 629
Monticello,
500
Tioga, ·
9
20,527
Owego,
1,800
Tompkins,
10
37,948|
Ithaca,
4,000
Ulster,
14
45,822
Kingston,
2,300
Warren,
10
13, 422 Caldwell,
200
Washington,
17
41,180
Salem,
600
Wayne,
15
42,057
Lyons, .
1,800
Westchester,
21
48, 687
White Plains, S
700
Wyoming, (estimated,)
13
29,663 Warsaw, ·
900
Yates,
8
20,437
Penn-Yan,
1,800
Total Towns, . . 835
2, 428, 9211
Rome,
2,500
Goshen,
900
Oswego,
4,500
19,373
200
Ovid,
700
Sandy Hill,
1,000
Bedford,
250
CHARTERED CITIES AND INCORPORATED VILLAGES.
45
CHARTERED CITIES.
With the date of Charter, or Incorporation ; number of wards, coun- ties and towns in which they are located, and the population in 1840.
NAMES.
Char. [Wards
Counties.
Pop. 1840
Albany,.
1686
10
Albany,
33, 721
Brooklyn,'
1834
9
Kings,
36, 233
Buffalo,
1832
5
Erie,
18,213
Hudson,
1785
2
Columbia,
5,672
New - York,
1680
17
New- York,
312, 710
Rochester,
1834
5
Monroe,
20,191
Schenectady,
1798
4
Schenectady,
6,784
Troy,
1816
6
Rensselaer,
19,334
Utica,
1832
4
Oneida,
12, 782
INCORPORATED VILLAGES,
Are the whole or parts of Towns, having Charters granted by the Legislature, similar in some respects to Cities. There were in 1841, 145 incorporated Villages in the State, besides numerous other Un- incorporated Villages.
Names.
Inc.
Towns.
Counties.
Pop.
Albion, ..
1828
Barre,
Orleans.
1400
Alexander,
1834
Alexander, .
Genesee,.
500
Amsterdam,
1830
Amsterdam,
Montgomery,
1700
Angelica,
1835
Angelica,
Allegany,
900
Arcadia, .
1839
Arcadia,
Wayne,.
500
Argyle,
1838
Argyle, .
Washington,
500
Astoria,
1839
Newtown,
Queens, Greene,
1300
Attica,
1837
Attica,.
Wyoming
800
Auburn,
1815
Auburn.
Cayuga,
5626
Aurora,. .
1837
Ledyard,
Cayuga,
500
Auroraville,.
1836
Aurora,
Erie.
800
Bainbridge, .
1829
Bainbridge,
Chenango,
500
Batavia, .
1823
Batavia,
Genesee,.
2000
Bath, ..
1816
Bath,.
Steuben,
1400
Binghamton,
1813|Chenango,
Broome,
2800
Black Rock ....
1837
Black Rock,
Erie,
1800
Bloomingburgh, ..
1833
Mamakating,
Sullivan,
500
Bridgewater,
1825 Bridgewater,
Oneida,
400
Brockport,
1829
Sweden, .
Monroe,
2000
Brownville,
1828
Brownville,
Jefferson,
1000
Camden, ..
1834
Camden,.
Oneida,.
700
Canajoharie,
1829
Canajoharie,
Montgomery.
1300
Canandaigua,
1815
Canandaigua,
Ontario,
2700
Canastota,
1835
Lenox,
Madison,
750
Carthage, .
1841
Wilna,.
Jefferson . .
600
Castleton,.
1827
Schodack,
Rensselaer,
350
Catskill,
1806 Catskill,
Greene, 2800
Cazenovia,.
1810 Cazenovia,
Madison,
1600
Cherry Valley,
1812 Cherry Valley,
Otsego, .
1100
Clarkville,
1834 Brookfield,
Madison,
450
Clintonville,
1825 Au Sable,
Clinton,
750
Ballston Spa,
1807
Milton,
Saratoga, 1500
600
Athens,.
1805
Athens,.
46
INCORPORATED VILLAGES.
Names.
Inc.
Towns.
Counties.
Pop.
Clyde, .
1835
Galen,.
Wayne,. 1000
Columbiaville,
1812 Stockport,
Columbia, . 600
Constantia, .
1836
Constantia,
Oswego, . 350
Cooperstown,
1812
Otsego,
Otsego, .
1400
Delhi, .
1821 Delhi,
Delaware,
800
De Ruyter,
1833 De Ruyter
Madison,
400
Dunkirk,
1837
Pomfret,
Chautauque,
1000
Ellicottville,
1837 Ellicottville,
Cattaraugus,
600
Elmira,.
1815
Elmira,.
Chemung,
2300
Esperance,
1818
Schoharie,
Schoharie,
450
Fairport,
1837
Elmira,.
Chemung,.
500
Flushing,
1837
Flushing, .
Queens.
2000
Fort Ann,
1820|Fort Ann,
Washington,
500
Fort Plain,
1832
Minden,
Montgomery,
1400
Fredonia,
1829
Pomfret, .
Chautauque,
1000
Fulton,
1835
Volney,.
Oswego, .
1600
Gaines,
1832 Gaines,
Orleans,
600
Galway,
1838
Galway
Saratoga,
500
Geddes,
1832 Salina,
Onondaga,
700
Geneseo,
1832
Geneseo,
Livingston,
900
Geneva,
1812
Seneca,
Ontario,
3600
Glen's Falls,
1839
Queensbury,
Warren,
1800
Goshen, .
1809 Goshen,
Orange,
900
Greenbush,
1815
Greenbush,
Rensselaer,
900
Greenport,
1838 Southold,
Suffolk, 700
Hamilton,.
1816 Hamilton,.
Madison,
1500
Havana,
1836
Catherine and Catlin,
Chemung,
700
Herkimer,
1807
Herkimer,
Herkimer,
800
Homer,.
1835
Homer,
Cortland,
1300
Hoosick Falls
1827
Hoosick,
Rensselaer,
500
Honeoye Falls,
1838 Mendon,
Monroe,
1000
Ithaca, .
1821
Ithaca,
Tompkins,
4000
Jamaica, ..
1814
Jamaica,
Queens, .
1500
Jamestown,
1827
Ellicott,
Chautauque,
1500
Johnstown,
1808
Johnstown,
Fulton,
1000
Jordan,
1835 Elbridge, .
Onondaga,
1200
Kinderhook,
1838
Kinderhook,
Columbia,
1400
Kingston, .
1805|Kingston, .
Ulster,
2300
Knowlesville,
1836|Ridgeway, .
Orleans,
450
Lansingburgh,
1801 Lansingburgh,
Rensselaer,
3000
Laurens,
1834 Laurens,.
Otsego,
400
Le Roy,
1834 Le Roy,
Genesee,.
1500
Lewiston,.
1822 Lewiston,
Niagara, Herkimer, 2500
900
Little Falls,.
1811 Little Falls,.
Liverpool,
1830 Salina,.
Onondaga,
1000
Lockport,.
1829 Lockport,
Niagara,
6500
Lyons, ..
1831
Lyons,.
Wayne,
500
Manlius,.
1813
Manlius, ..
Onondaga,
1200
Mayville,
1830 Chautauque,
Chautauque,
500
Medina,
1832 Ridgeway,
Orleans, .
800
Mendon,
1833 Mendon, .
Monroe,
250
Monticello,
1830 Thompson,.
Sullivan,
500
Montgomery,
1810 Montgomery,
Orange,
1000
Moravia, .
1837 Moravia,
Cayuga,
600
Morrisville,
1819 Eaton,
Madison.
700
1800
Madison,
1816|Madison,
Madison,
47
INCORPORATED VILLAGES.
Names.
Ine.
Towns.
Counties.
Pop.
Mount Morris,
1835 Mount Morris,
Livingston, 1200
Nassau,
1819 Nassau,.
Rensselaer, 400
New-Berlin,
1816 New-Berlin,
Chenango, . 700
Newburgh,
1800 Newburgh,.
Orange,
6000
Norwich, .
1816 Norwich,
Chenango,
1500
Oneida Castle,
1841 Vernon,
Oneida,.
400
Oswego,
1797 Oswego,
Oswego, 4500
Ovid,
1816 Ovid,.
Seneca, . 700
Owego,
1827
Owego,
Tioga,. 1800
Oxford,
1808 Oxford,.
Chenango, 1300
Palmyra,
1819|Palmyra,
Wayne,. 2000
Peekskill.
1827
Cortland,
Westchester,
2000
Penn-Yan,
1833 Benton and Milo,
Yates,
1800
Perry,
1830 Perry,
Wyoming
1200
Pittsford,
1827 Pittsford,
Monroe, 700
Plattsburgh,.
1815|Plattsburgh,.
Clinton,. 2600
Pleasant Valley,.
1814 Pleasant Valley,.
Dutchess, 650
Port Byron,
1837 Mentz,
Cayuga, 1000
Port Chester,
1823
Rye, .
Westchester, 800
Port Ontario,
1837
Richland,
Oswego, 300
Potsdam,
1831
Potsdam,
St. Lawrence, 800
Poughkeepsie,
1801 Poughkeepsie, 1832 Richland,
Oswego,
700
Rhinebeck,
1834 Rhinebeck,.
Dutchess, 1200
Rome,.
1819 Rome,
Oneida, 2500
Sackett's Harbor,
1814 Houndsfield,
Jefferson, 2000
Salem,
1803|Salem,
Washington, 700
Salina,
1824|Salina,.
Onondaga, . 2600
Sandy Hill,
1810 Kingsbury,.
Washington, 1000
Saratoga Springs, .. Schuylerville,
1831 Saratoga,
Saratoga, 600
Seneca Falls,
1831 Seneca Falls,
Seneca, . 3000
Sherburne,.
1830 Sherburne,
Chenango, 600
Sing-Sing,.
1813 Mount Pleasant,
Westchester, 2500
Skaneateles,
1833 |Skaneateles,
Onondaga,
1400
Smyrna,
1834 Smyrna,
Chenango, 400
Springville,
1834 Concord,.
Erie, 1000
Stillwater,.
1816|Stillwater,
Saratoga,
450
Syracuse,
1825 Salina, .
Onondaga,
6500
Tompkinsville,
1823
Castleton,
Richmond, 1400
Trenton,
1819
Trenton,
Oneida,
400
Ulster,
1831 Saugerties
Ulster,.
2300
Unadilla,
1827 Unadilla,
Otsego,
500
Union Village,
1809 Easton & Greenwich,
Washington.
1300
Vernon, .
1827 Vernon,
Oneida, .. 700
Waddington,
1839 Madrid,
St. Lawrence. 600
Waterford,.
1805| Waterford,.
Saratoga,
1500
Waterloo,.
1824| Waterloo,
Seneca, 2600
Watertown,
1816
Watertown,
Jefferson, 4000
Weedsport,
1831 Brutus,
Cayuga, 800
Westfield,.
1833 Westfield,
Chautauque, 1000
West Troy,
1836 Watervliet,
Albany, 5000
Whitehall,
1806 Whitehall,
Washington, 2400
Whitesborough, 1813| Whitestown,
Oneida, 1800
Williamsburgh,
1827|Williamsburgh,
Kings, .
5000
Ogdensburgh,
1817 Oswegatchie,
St. Lawrence,
2600
..
. .
Dutchess, 8000
Pulaski, .
1826 Saratoga Springs,
Saratoga, . 2500
1
48
CANALS AND RAILROADS.
CANALS IN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK, FINISHED OR IN PROGRESS-1841.
NAMES.
From
To
[Miles
Black River Canal,*
Rome,
High Falls,
35
Feeder do. ..
Boonville,
Williamsville,
10
Cayuga and Seneca,.
Geneva,
Montezuma,
23
Champlain,
Junction,
Whitehall,
64
Glen's Falls Feeder,.
Hudson River, Jefferson,
Elmira,
23
Feeder do
Fairport,
Corning,
16
Chenango,
Utica,
Binghamton,
97
Crooked Lake,
Penn- Yan,
Dresden,
8
Delaware and Hudson, f
Eddyville.
Honesdale, Penn.
108
Erie, .
Albany,
Buffalo,
9
Genesee Valley,*
Rochester,
Olean,
1073
Dansville Branch, do.
Shakers' Sett.
Dansville,
11
Oneida Lake,.
Erie Canal,
Oneida Lake,
6
Oswego,.
Syracuse,
JOswego,
38
Total miles,. . .930}
PRINCIPAL RAILROADS IN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. FINISHED OR IN PROGRESS-1841.
NAMES.
From
To
Miles.
Albany & West Stockbridge,
Greenbush,
Mass. State Line,
38
Auburn and Rochester.
Auburn,
Rochester,
79
Auburn and Syracuse,
Auburn,
Syracuse,
26
Buffalo and Black Rock,.
Buffalo,
Black Rock,
3
Buffalo and Niagara Falls, .
Buffalo,
Niagara Falls,
23
Catskill and Canajoharie,*
Catskill,
Canajoharie,
78
Corning and Blossburg, f .
Corning,
Blossburg, Pa.
40
Hudson and Berkshire,
Hudson,
Mass. State Line,
33
Ithaca and Owego,
Ithaca,
Owego,
29
Lockport and Niagara Falls, Lockport,
Niagara Falls,
24
Long Island, *
Brooklyn,
Greenport,
93
Mohawk and Hudson
Albany,
Schenectady,
16
New-York and Erie,'
Piermont,
Dunkirk,
446
New-York and Harlem,
New-York,
White Plains,
28
Rensselaer and Saratoga,
Troy
Ballston Spa,
23}
Rochester,
Rochester,
Carthage,
3
Saratoga and Schenectady,
Schenectady,
Saratoga Springs,
21}
Schenectady and Troy,*
Troy,
Schenectady,
20
Skaneateles,
Auburn & S. R. R. Skaneateles,
5
Syracuse and Utica,.
Utica,
Syracuse,
53
Tonawanda,"
Rochester,
Attica,
42
Utica and Schenectady,
Schenectady,
Utica,
77
Total miles, .... 1, 181
* For a particular account of the above unfinished Canals and Railroads, see description in the alphabetical arrangement.
t A part of the above works extend into the State of Pennsylvania.
363
Navigable Feeders,
Champlain Canal,
12
Chemung,.
GAZETTEER
OF THE
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
-
Abbreviations and Explanation.
Co. for County; t. for Town; v. for Village; p. o. for Post-Office; 1. for Lake ; r. for River; Mt. for Mountain.
Every County, Town, Village, Post-Office, Canal, Rail-Road, Creek, River, Lake, Bay, Island, Mountain, &c. is arranged in strictly alphabetical order. The distance from County Seats is given centrally; and the distance from Albany, by the usual mail route, except when otherwise mentioned.
ACCORD, post-office, town of Rochester, Ulster county, is situat- ed on the Rondout creek ; at this place is a settlement containing 1 Dutch Reformed church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, and 10 or 12 dwellings.
ACRA, p. o. Cairo, Greene co .; here are located 1 Baptist church, 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 tannery, and 12 or 15 dwelling houses.
ADAMS, town, Jefferson co .; situated 12 miles south of Water- town, and distant 149 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,996 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating, and the soil sandy loam of excellent quality; it is watered by Sandy and Stony creeks. The names of the post offices in the town are Adams, Adams Centre, Appling, North Adams and Smith- ville.
ADAMS, village and post-office, Adams, Jefferson co. situated on both sides of Sandy creek, where there is a fall of about 15 feet, af- fording a good water power. It
contains about 750 inhabitants, 120 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church ; a seminary for young ladies ; 2 taverns, 6 stores, 1 flouring mill, 2 saw mills, 1 cloth- ier's works and a chair factory, besides many other mechanical es- tablishments.
ADAMS BASIN, p. o. Ogden, Monroe co. situated on the Erie ca- nal; here are located 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, 2 saw mills and 25 dwelling houses.
ADAMS CENTRE, p. o. Adams, Jefferson co. here are located 1 church, 1 tavern, 2 stores and 10 or 12 dwelling houses.
ADAMSPORT, V. Jasper, Steu- ben co. situated on the Tuscarora creek; it contains about 125 inha- bitants, 25 dwelling houses, 1 tav- ern, 2 stores, 2 saw mills, and 1. tannery.
ADAMSVILLE, p. o. Kingsbury, Washington county.
ADDISON, t. Steuben co .; situ- ated 18 miles south of the village
4
50
ADDISON-ADIRONDACK.
of Bath, and 225 miles from Alba-| ny; contained in 1840, 1,920 in- habitants. The surface is uneven and most of the soil of indifferent quality, though well timbered; it is watered by the Canisteo river and Tuscarora creek. The names of the post-offices in the town are Addision, Rathbunville and West Addison.
ADDISON, V. and p. o. Addison, Steuben co .; on the north side of the Canisteo river, on the line of the New-York and Erie rail-road, contains about 600 inhabitants, 80 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian church, 3 taverns, 10 stores and 1 saw mill.
ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, is the name given by the State Ge- ologists, to the cluster of mountains in the neighborhood of the upper Hudson and Au Sable rivers. This group, taken as a whole, is more ,lofty than the White Hills of New- Hampshire, although the main sum- mit, Mt. Washington, exceeds Mt. Marcy by 767 feet ; yet there re- main unmeasured, many peaks which will exceed or come up to 5,000 feet. These mountains are strictly Alpine in their essential fea- tures ; but in fact, when absolute height is considered, only so in miniature. In an extended view, the eastern division of this range, commences within a few miles of Lake Champlain, and extends to near the valley of the St. Law- rence, in a southern direction from Clinton co. through Franklin and Essex, into Warren and Hamil- ton counties. In the co. of Essex, this chain attains its greatest eleva- tion, there being several peaks 5,000 feet above tide waters; Mt. Marcy is the highest as yet mea- sured, being elevated 5,467 feet above tide water of the Hud- son. There are probably few pla- ces in North America, where na- ture is invested with more magni- ficence and solitude, than on these
lofty mountains. The western divi- sion of this elevated tract presents a surface diversified with plains and hills, dotted with numerous lakes and ponds. "In addition to the height and Alpine appearance of these mountain peaks, there are other circumstances worthy of at- tention, such as deep gorges and high precipices ; and this leads us to speak of a pass or notch five miles from the Iron Works in the town of Newcomb. It is just at the source of the north branch of the Hudson and Au Sable rivers. The precipice which we measured, and over which we looked, is from one station, 1,200 feet high; ta- king its height from another station it is 1,000 feet. This precipice ex- tends about a mile, though it does not preserve this great elevation the whole distance ; at the bottom it is passable for its whole distance. This is probably the greatest natural curiosity in the state if we except the Falls of Niagara, and well wor- thy of a visit by the lovers of mag- nificent scenery. The fragments of rock lying in the notch are wonder- ful for size ; one, which was mea- sured is 43 feet long and 41 wide, and 35 high; it was of a quadrangu- lar form and weighed about 10,000,000 pounds or 5,000 tons; this is only one among hundreds of about the same size. It is from facts like these, that we learn what mighty forces have operated in former times." It has been pro- posed to call the above notch the " Great Adirondack Pass." The following are the reasons assigned for giving the above name to this range of mountains, of which un- til recently, but little was known as to their heighth and true character. " It appears from historical re- cords that the Adirondacks or Al- gonguins, in early times, held all the vast country over which this range extends, as their beaver | hunting grounds; but were fi-
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ADIRONDACK.
nally expelled by the superior force of the Agoneseah, or Five Nations. Whether this is lite- rally true or not, it is well known that the Adirondacks resided in and occupied a part of this northern section of the state, and hence the name may be considered just and very appropriate."
ADIRONDACK RIVER, is the name given to one of the head branches of the Hudson, rising in the Adirondack Mountains of Es- sex co. It may be considered about 20 miles in length, flowing through Lakes Henderson and San- ford, which are elevated 1900 feet above the Atlantic ocean, surround- ed by Alpine scenery and inex- haustible beds of iron ore.
ADIRONDACK, V. Newcomb, Essex co., is situated at the head of the valley on the middle (now named the Adirondack,) branch of the Hudson river, within five miles of its source, and is about 1300 feet above the level of the ocean. This place has lately be- come much celebrated, from the discovery in its immediate vicini- ty, of a number of veins of extra- ordinary size and extent of the richest and purest magnetic oxide iron ores, as particularly described in the State Geological Reports. Such vast deposites of this valuable material, coming up to the surface of the ground, and only required to be wrought out as stone is from a quarry, having water power to any desired extent, and dense fo- rests to furnish an ample supply of fuel for the reduction of the ores, induced the proprietors, (Archi- bald McIntyre of Albany, David Henderson of Jersey City, and Ar- chibald Robertson of Philadel- phia,) to open up that wilderness, and to make a settlement here, with a view to prepare it for the establishment of extensive iron works. A clearing has been made of about 300 acres, where there is
a forge with two fires and a trip hammer, a saw-mill, a store, five dwelling-houses and various other buildings. The iron made from these ores has been tested and pro- ved, and found to be of the very best description. The Geological Report for 1840, says, "probably no portion of the world can vie with Adirondack in its ores of iron; even the far-famed Iron Mountains of Missouri, are eclips- ed by the rich ores of this region of the state." As to the extent of the coarse grained black ore vein at the village, the Report says, "with our present knowledge, it is impossible to assign definite boundaries to this vein. On a line measured east and west, and com- mencing at the supposed eastern limit of the vein, and terminating at excavations near the western li- mit of the cleared fields on the west, it gives a width of more than 700 feet. By measurement, on a line running nearly north and south or in the direction of its strike, it is found to extend 3,168 feet." And of another, the Lake Sanford vein, (about two miles south of the village,) the following is a descrip- tion :- " This vein is situated upon a hill which rises 6 or 700 feet above the lake; the distance of the middle portion of the vein from the lake is about 80 rods. The ore occupies the western face of the hill, down which the slope is so equal, that an inclined plane might be constructed from the mine to the lake. The color of the ore is black, and is moderately coarse grained. In regard to the dimen- sions of this vein, the width of the ore in the main line of excavation, is 514 feet, and the length, along a line nearly in the centre of the vein, is 1,667 feet; it then passes beneath tabular masses of rock. That it is not then discontinued, is proved by excavations at numerous places, at the northern and south -.
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ADRIANCE-ALBANY.
ern extremities where the ore may Dutchess co. is situated in a settle- be seen passing beneath masses of ment called Hopewell. hypersthene rock." There are ma- AKRON, V. and p. o. Newstead, ny other veins in the neighborhood, Erie co .; situated on Muddy cr. one of which, of great extent, runs contains about 300 inhabitants, 50 along the face of the hill within 50 dwelling houses, 2 chuches, 1 tav- rods of the village, and contains a'ern, 3 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw rich, small grained ore. The le- mill and 1 clothier's works.
gislature granted a charter in
ALABAMA. t. Genesee co .; si- 1839, to a company called "The tuated 12 miles north-west from Adirondack Iron and Steel Compa- ny," with a capital of $1,000,000, the village of Batavia, and 257 miles from Albany; contained in but the proprietors have not yet 1840, 1,798 inhabitants. The soil acted upon it. There is also a is mostly clay and gravelly loam, charter obtained for a rail-road to well adapted to the growth of the Schroon state road, a distance wheat; it is watered by the To- of about 26 miles. The distance nawanda creek, from whence from Adirondack to lake Cham- there is in the north-west part of plain, is about 40 miles. A good this town a feeder of the Erie ca- route, it is said, can be had for a nal, near which, on the creek, rail-road, running to the above are falls of about 30 feet. The lake on the east. Adirondack em-| Tonawanda Reservation is in' part braces so many natural advantages situated in this town, where is an that it must sooner or later, possess a large population, and its manu- factures become of great impor- tance to the country.
ADRIANCE, p. o. Fiskhill,
Indian settlement containing about 300 inhabitants. Alabama p. o. is situated in this town, where is a settlement consisting of 12 or 15 dwelling houses.
ALBANY COUNTY, organized in 1683, centrally distant 150 miles north from the city of New-York, is bounded on the east by the Hudson river, which divides it from Rensselaer county; on the north by Saratoga and Schenectady counties; on the west by the county of Schoharie, and on the south by the county of Greene. The surface is uneven, and in the southwestern part hilly and mountainous. The soil in the vicinity of the Hudson river is good and much of it highly cul- tivated ; but sandy and rather unproductive in the interior. The most important mineral productions are bog iron ore, which is found in va- rious places ; marl and water limestone is found in the town of Beth- lehem, and in the city of Albany is a mineral spring which evolves carbonic acid, and contains ingredients similar to those found in the celebrated springs of Ballston Spa and Saratoga. There are, also, se- veral sulphur springs in this county, but none of them have acquired much celebrity. In the limestone of the Helderberg hills are several extensive caverns, in which are found crystals and stalactites of vari- ous beauty. This county is tolerably well watered; the most impor- tant streams which belong to it, in addition to the Mohawk, which bounds it in part on the north, and the Hudson, which bounds it on the east, may be named Normanskill, Vlamanskill, Haivankrauskill, and Coeymans creek, emptying into the Hudson river, and Fox creek, which empties into Schoharie creek on the west. The area of Albany co. is about 515 square miles, or 325,590 acres. The Erie and Champlain canals form a junction in the north-east part of this county ; the uni
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ALBANY.
ted canals then run through the town of Watervliet, passing the village of West Troy, where are two side cuts communicating with the Hud- son river, thence to the city of Albany ; where the above great works terminate in a capacious basin. The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, traverses this county in its route from Albany to Schenectady, where it unites with the Saratoga and Utica line of railroads. A railroad is also constructing to extend from West Troy, opposite the city of Troy, to Schenectady, running through the towns of Watervliet and Niskayuna.
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