USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 47
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1
SALMON CREEK, is the name of several streams in this state ; the most important empty into Lake Ontario, respectively rising in the counties of Oswego, Wayne and Monroe.
SALMON RIVER, p. o. Albion, Oswego co.
SALMON RIVER, rises in Lewis co. and flows west through Oswego county into Lake Ontario; dis- charging its waters into Mexico bay, at the village of Port Ontario. This is a fine and durable stream, having a tolerably good harbor at its mouth, and is boatable du- ring high water to the Falls in Orwell, a distance of 14 miles. " The Falls of Salmon river may be classed among the principal natural curiosities of the country. The current is gentle above for 6 or more miles, then 2 miles of ra- pids, and at the falls, drops almost perpendicular 107 feet. At high water the sheet is 250 feet in width, but at low water it is narrowed down to about half that extent. The rocky strata seem to be com- posed of slate stone and granite, or gneiss. and the height of the banks immediately above the fall, is va-
357
SALMON RIVER-SANDY HILL.
feet; below it is said that the | creeks. Sand Lake, East Sand walls, perpendicular rock, are Lake, West Sand Lake and Poes- tenkill are names of post offices. Rensselaer is the name of a village. about 200 feet. At the foot of the cataract there is very deep water, abounding in fine fish, such as sal- mon trout, &c."
SALMON RIVER, a stream of about the same size as the above, rises in Franklin county, and flows north-west into Canada, where it empties into the St. Lawrence river.
SALT POINT, p. o. Pleasant Valley, Dutchess co.
SALT SPRINGVILLE, P. O. Canajoharie, Montgomery co.
SALUBRIA, p. o. Dix, Che- mung co.
SAMPSONDALE, v. Haver- straw, Rockland co. is a manufac- turing settlement, containing 1 Presbyterian church; an academy; 1 extensive iron wire factory, 1 rolling and slitting mill, 1 chemi- cal works, 1 tavern, 3 stores and about 30 dwelling houses.
SAND BANK, p. o. Albion, Os- wego co.
SANDBURY, p. o. Fallsburgh, Sullivan co.
SANDFORD, t. Broome co. si- tuated 20 miles east of the village of Binghamton, and distant 135 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,173 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, well adapted for grazing; drained south-east by Oquaga creek, which flows into the Dela- ware river. Sandford is the name of a post office.
SANDFORD'S CORNERS, P. O. Le Ray, Jefferson co.
SAND LAKE, t. Rensselaer co. situated 11 miles south-east of the city of Troy, and distant 10 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 4,303 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and irregular; soil, mostly good for grass, with some rich vales running from south to north. This town contains several small lakes, and is drained west by the Poestenkill and Wynantskill
SAND LAKE, V. and p. o. Sand Lake, Rensselaer co. con- tains about 25 dwelling houses, 2 stores, 2 cotton factories, 2 satinet factories, 1 blast furnace, 1 saw mill and 1 tannery.
SANDUSKY, p. o. Freedom, Cattaraugus co.
SANDY CREEK, t. Oswego co. situated 7 miles north of the village of Pulaski, and distant 159 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,420 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, sandy loam; drained by Little Sandy creek and some other streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the west. Sandy Creek is the name of a post office.
SANDY CREEK, V. Murray, Orleans co. is situated on the Ridge road ; it contains about 200 inha- bitants, 35 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 flouring mill, 1 saw mill and 1 tannery.
SANDY CREEK, rises in Or- leans county, and flows north-east into Monroe county, emptying into Lake Ontario in the town of Clarkson.
SANDY CREEK, another stream of the above name, rises in Lewis county, and flows west through Jefferson county, emptying into Lake Ontario, in the town of Ellis- burgh.
SANDY CREEK, LITTLE, rises in the south part of Jefferson coun- ty, and flows through the north part of Oswego county, emptying into Lake Ontario in the town of Sandy Creek, where is a bay of the above name.
SANDY HILL, v. and p. o. Kingsbury, Washington co. is si- tuated on elevated ground on the east side of the Hudson river, 50 miles north of the city of Albany. It was incorporated in 1810, and
35
SANGERFIELD-SARANAC RIVER.
now contains about 1,000 inhabi- | bered. The Saranac river runs tants, 150 dwelling houses ; through this town in a north-east direction, forming a valley of con- siderable extent, the soil of which is generally loam of good quality. Saranac and Redford are names of post offices. a court-house; 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist and 1 Roman Catholic church ; 3 hotels and taverns, 8 stores and groceries, 1 woollen fac- tory, 1 grist mill, 2 extensive saw mills, 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, SARANAC LAKE, Lower, lies in the south part of Franklin coun- ty; it is 7 miles long and 2 or 3 miles wide, abounding in trout and other fish of a fine flavor. It is connected with Round Lake, on the west, and several other lakes and ponds. 1 razor strop manufactory, and 1 tannery. The water power at this place is very great, there being a fall of about 12 feet at the upper part of the village, while about 100 rods below with a continuous de- scent, are situated Baker's Falls, where there is an almost perpendi- cular fall of 50 feet, affording hydraulic power to a great extent, none of which is at present used for manufacturing purposes. The Champlain canal feeder passes through this place, uniting with the main canal about one mile east of the village, affording canal na- vigation to Lake Champlain and the navigable waters of the Hudson. The Saratoga and Washington rail- road, when completed, will run through Sandy Hill, extending from Saratoga Springs to White- hall, a distance of 40 miles.
SANGERFIELD, t. Oneida co. situated 15 miles south of the city of Utica, and distant 89 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,251 inhabitants. The surface is hilly; soil, rich loam, underlaid by lime; drained south by the Chenango ri- ver, and north by the Oriskany creek. Sangerfield and Waterville are names of post offices.
SANGERFIELD, V. and p. o. San- gerfield, Oneida county, contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian church, 2 taverns and 1 store.
SARANAC LAKE, Upper, lies in the south part of Hamilton coun- ty, 3 or 4 miles west of Lower Saranac Lake, with which it com- municates through Round lake. It is 10 miles long, and from 2 to 3 miles wide, surrounded by nume- rous other lakes and ponds, all abounding in fish peculiar to this part of the country. The lakes in this vicinity constitute the head sources of the Saranac and Racket rivers, the former emptying into Lake Champlain and the latter in- to the St. Lawrence river. The lakes with most of the outlets, af- ford boatable navigation to a con- siderable extent.
SARANAC RIVER, rises in the south part of Franklin co. and is the outlet of Upper and Lower Saranac lakes. It pursues a north- east course across the north-west angle of Essex county, and through Clinton county, where it empties into Lake Champlain at the village of Plattsburgh, affording in its course much available water power. It is said this stream might be ea- sily rendered boatable, for a con- siderable portion of its length, in connection with the lakes at its source, which approach to within one mile of the boatable sources of the Racket river. "Thus it ap- pears," remarks the State Geolo- gists, " that by excavations equal
SARANAC, t. Clinton co. situa- tedl 15 miles west of the village of Plattsburgh, and distant 180 miles from Albany ; contained in 1810, 1.462 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; it abounds with iron ore, and is heavily tim- lin the aggregate to 6} miles, and
359
SARATOGA.
an amount of 240 feet lockage, continuous lines of navigation through and connecting with these two rivers may be formed, equal in extent to 210 miles ; and that this
would be increased probably, to more than 300, if we take into consideration the coasts of the lakes."
SARATOGA COUNTY, taken from Albany in 1791, is centrally distant 36 miles north from the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by Warren county, east by the Hudson river, south by the coun -. ties of Albany and Schenectady, and west by Fulton and Herkimer counties. The surface of this county is diversified ; on the north and north-west are the Palmertown and Kayaderosseras mountains ; the central and south-eastern parts are undulating, with some hills of a moderate height, interspersed with sandy plains of considerable extent. The soil is mostly sandy or gravelly loam with some clay, of different qualities. In mineral waters this county stands unrivalled ; they are chiefly situated in or near the villages of Ballston Spa or Saratoga Springs ; those in the latter place have become the most celebrated, both as to their number and their medicinal properties. Two or three new springs have recently been discovered at the latter place, which are thought to rival those that have heretofore maintained the ascend- ancy. An analysis of the principal fountains will be found under the head of the places in which they are located. In the immediate vicin- ity of Saratoga Springs, there are several interesting minerals ; agate and calcedony are found associated with a silicious limestone, with other rare specimens. Among the more useful productions of this county, may be mentioned marl and bog iron ore, of which there are several localities. The Hudson river bounds this county in part on the north and on the east for its whole extent, receiving in its course the Sacandaga river, Fish creek and the Mohawk river, which waters it on the south. There are also several small lakes, the principal of which are Saratoga lake, Ballston lake and Round lake ; the former receives the waters of Kayaderosseras creek, an important mill stream, which ri- ses in the centre of the county. The Saratoga and Schenectady and Rensselaer and Saratoga railroads both run to the village of Ballston Spa, from different points, the former terminating at the village of Saratoga Springs. The Champlain Canal also extends along the west side of the Hudson river from Fort Miller Bridge to Waterford, where it crosses the Mohawk. The county buildings are located in the village of Ballston Spa, in the town of Milton. Its area is about 800 square miles, or 511,000 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Saratoga county, with the population in 1840.
Ballston,
2,044 | MILTON,. 3,166
Charlton,
1,933
Moreau, ..
1,576
Clifton Park,.
2,719
Northumberland, 1,672
Corinth,
1,365
Providence, 1,507
Day, ..
942
Saratoga, 2,624
Edinburgh,
1,458
Saratoga Springs,
3,384
Galway,
2,412
Stillwater,
2,733
Greenfield,
2,803
Hadley,.
865
Halfmoon,
2,631
Malta,.
1,457
Waterford, 1,824
1,438
Wilton, .
Total inhabitants, 40,553
360
SARATOGA-SARATOGA SPRINGS.
SARATOGA, t. Saratoga co. sit-| 36 miles north of the city of Al- uated 10 miles north-east of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 34 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,624 inhabitants. The surface is generally uneven, with some rich alluvial flats on the Hud- son river ; soil, mostly gravelly loam. Saratoga lake lies on the west boundary of this town, from which flows easterly Fish creek, emptying into the Hudson at the village of Schuylerville. The Champlain canal here runs parallel to the river on its west side. It was in this town near Schuylerville, that Gen. Burgoyne surrendered to the American army, Oct. 17, 1777. Dean's Corners, Grangerville; Qua- ker Springs and Schuylerville are names of post offices.
SARATOGA LAKE, lying in Saratoga county, is a beautiful sheet of water, situated 4 miles south-east of the village of Sarato- ga Springs, and 5 miles east of Ballston Spa ; it is 9 miles long and about 2 miles wide. This lake is much resorted to during the sum- mer months by parties of pleasure, where are caught in abundance pike, pickerel, perch and other fish. The shores abound with game, which together with the lake, afford ample sport to the huntsman and angler.
SARATOGA SPRINGS, t. Sara- toga co. situated 6 miles north of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 36 miles from Albany ; con- tained in 1840, 3,384 inhabitants. The surface is mostly level or un- dulating, except on the north-west, where it is hilly ; soil, light sand or sandy loam, which with proper culture is made productive ; drain- ed east by Ellis' creek, and some other small streams running into the Kayaderosseras creek, which in part bounds it on the south.
SARATOGA SPRINGS, V. and p. o. Saratoga Springs, Saratoga co. is pleasantly situated on a plain,
bany, and is justly celebrated as being the most noted watering place in the United States, there being here found a large number of mineral springs, possessing great medicinal properties, varying somewhat in their analysis. It is built chiefly on one broad street or avenue, and the numerous large ho- tels and houses for the accommo- dation of visitors, give it an im- posing appearance, in particular when thronged with company, as it usually is during the summer months. This village was incor- porated in 1826, and now contains about 2,500 inhabitants, 300 dwell- ing houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 .Epis- copal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist and 1 Roman Catholic church ; 1 mutual insurance com- pany, an incorporated academy, a female seminary and several select schools ; the Young Men's Asso- ciation is a new and popular char- tered institution, numbering about 150 members ; 35 stores, of differ- ent kinds ; 2 iron founderies, 1 machine shop, an extensive car- riage manufactory, and 3 printing offices, besides many other kinds of mechanic work shops.
The hotels and boarding houses in this village are numerous, and many of them fitted up on a large and magnificent scale, unsurpassed by any other similar establishments in the Union. The United States Hotel, situated near the railroad depot, is a large four story brick edifice, furnishing accommoda- tions for 400 guests ; the location is central, and within a short dis- tance of all the principal mineral springs for which this place is so justly celebrated. Congress Hall and Union Hall are both old and popular establishments, situated on the south of the village near the Congress spring. The Pavilion on the north, near the Flat Rock, and the newly discovered mineral
361
SARATOGA SPRINGS.
fountains, known as the Pavilion | tainty be ascertained. As early as springs, is pleasantly situated, sur- rounded in part by highly cultiva- ted grounds-which is also charac- teristic of most of the large pub- lic houses built for the accommo- dation of summer visitors. The American Hotel is a new house built of brick, in the centre of the village, affording accommodations for upwards of 100 persons ; it is well furnished, and is kept open through the year, affording good accommodations both in winter and summer; also, the Columbian Hotel, Montgomery Hall and Adel- phi Hotel, are all well kept public houses, and remain open for the ac- commodation of visitors during the whole year. Besides the above there are 6 taverns and some 20 or 30 private boarding houses, all of which accommodate visitors du- ring the summer months. There are also several public bathing houses located near the springs, where cold and warm water and shower bathing can at all times be obtained. The Schenectady and Saratoga railroad terminates at this place, after uniting with the Rens- selaer and Saratoga railroad at Ballston Spa. These railroads afford a speedy communication between the Springs and the cities of Alba- ny, Schenectady and Troy. The Saratoga and Washington railroad is now in progress of construction, and is to extend from Saratoga Springs to Whitehall, on Lake Champlain, a distance of 40 miles. Stages now run from the Springs to Glens Falls and Caldwell's, as well as to Sandy Hill and Whitehall.
The celebrated mineral waters of Saratoga Springs, which are the great cause of attraction to this place, require a particular descrip- tion. At what precise period of time the mineral springs, which have rendered Saratoga so justly celebrated, were first discovered, cannot now with any degree of cer-
1773, a settlement was made here, a little west of the High Rock spring, for the double purpose of trading with the Indians, as well as to afford accommodations to visit- ors, they then being resorted to by invalids. The High Rock and Flat Rock were the only springs at that time known. The Congress spring was first discovered in 1792. There are now within the distance of about half a mile, some 10 or 12 important mineral fountains, flowing to the surface, being, most of them, located near the margin of a brook which runs through the village on the east. Congress spring, Washington spring, Put- nam's spring, Pavilion springs, Io- dine spring, Hamilton spring, and the Flat Rock and High Rock springs, may be named as the most valuable for their medicinal prop- erties, and as objects of curiosity. A cluster of mineral springs known as the " Ten Springs," is situated about one mile east of the village of Saratoga Springs ; the most cel- ebrated of these springs is known as the Union spring. In the vicin- ity is located the Mansion House, a well kept summer establishment. Large quantities of these waters are annually exported to different parts of the country, affording a handsome income to the several owners, most of them being pri- vate property, although no charge is made to visitors, other than what they voluntarily pay to the persons who are employed to wait on the company who throng to the different fountains during the sum- mer months.
The following is an analysis of some of the principal Springs of Saratoga.
CONGRESS SPRING. From experiments and deductions by Dr. Steel, one gallon, or 231 cubic inches of the water of the Congress spring, is found to contain the following substances, viz :
362
SARATOGA SPRINGS.
4
Grains. !
Chloride of Sodium, (sea salt) .. 385.0
Hydriodate of Soda, 3.5
Bi-carbonate of .. 8.982
66
of Magnesia,.
95.788
Carbonate of Lime,
98.098
Silex, ..
of Iron,.
5.075
Hydro-bromate of Potash, a trace,
Total Grains, 597.943
Carbonic acid gas, cubic inches, 311
Atmospheric air,. 7
Gaseous contents, . 318
WASHINGTON SPRING, is situated in a south-west direction from Congress spring. It is a sparkling acidulous wa- ter ; its temperature is 50 degrees, and one gallon of it affords the following ar- ticles, viz : Grains.
Chloride of sodium,. 281.5
Bi-carbonate of Soda, .. 16.5
of Magnesia, 40.92
Carbonate of Lime,
92.6
Silix, .
of Iron,
3.25
1.5
Hydriodate of Soda,
2.75
Solid contents in a gallon, .. 439.02
Cabonic acic gas, cubic inches, 262.5
Atmospheric air,. . 6.8
Gaseous contents in a gallon, 269.3
PUTNAM'S CONGRESS SPRING, is located a few rods east of the United States Ho- tel. The following is an Analysis taken by James R. Chilton, M. D. of New- York City. One gallon of water con- tains the following ingredients, viz :
Grains.
Chloride of Sodium,
214.00
Carbonate of Soda,. 14.32
of Lime,. 68.80
Iodide of Sodium, with a trace of
Bromide of Potassiam, . 2.00
Phosphate of Lime,. 0.21
Sulphate of Soda, 1.68
Carbonate of Magnesia,.
51.60
7.00
Silicia,
of Iron,
.
0.84
Alumina,
0.56
Total, 361.01
Carbonic acid,
cubic inches, 341.88
Atmospheric air,
6.04
Total, . 347.92
PAVILION FOUNTAIN, this celelebrated medicinal fountain rises in a valley near the Pavilion Hotel, and was tubed up from a depth of forty feet, in May, 1840, after incredible labor and expense. The great curiosity it excited, and the crowds which it daily attracted, induced the proprietors to have the same ana- lyzed in August following, when one gallon of water was found to contain these constituents, viz : Grains.
Chloride of Sodium, .. 226.58
Carbonate of Magnesia,
62.50
Lime,
60.24
Carbonate of Soda,
Oxide of Iron, ..
4.70
Iodide of Sodium,.
Bromide of Potassium, S
2.75
.62
Alumnia,
.25
361.74
Carbonic acid gas,
480.01
Atmospheric air,
8.09
Cubic inches,.
488.10
The quantity of gas which evolves : from the Pavilion Fountain is double its volume of water ; which fact, ren- . ders it an object of great curiosity, and ! increases its medicinal properties.
IODINE SPRING, is a new fountain, lo- cated a few iods north of the celebrated High Rock Spring. According to an analysis of Professor Emmons, of the Medical College in Albany, and one of the state geologists, one gallon of this wa- ter contains the following ingredients : Grains.
Muriate of Soda,
137
Carbonate of Lime,.
26
Iron,.
1
Magnesia,
75
66
Soda, . .
2
Hydriodate of Soda or Iodine,
..
31
244}
Carbonic acid gas, (from water
which had been bottled three
weeks,)
330
Atmospheric air,.
4
Cubic inches,
334
The freedom of this water from iron is truly remarkable, and as Professor E. remarks, "supplies a desideratum which has been long wanting, viz : a water which may be drank by a certain class of invalids with whom iron proves a de- cided injury."
The Gasses were obtained and ana- lyzed at the Spring, the temperature of UNION SPRING, one of the most cele- the water being 51ยบ Fahrenheit, in July. | brated of the "Ten Springs :" analyzed
3.10
Silica,
1.5
363
SARATOGA-SAW MILL RIVER.
1841, by James R. Chilton, M. D. One , mountains, while on the east, as gallon of this water contains the follow- ing ingredients :
Grains.
Chloride of Sodium,. 243.620
Carbonate of Magnesia, 84.265
Lime, 41.600
Soda, 12.800
Iron,
5.452
Iodide of Sodium,.
3.600
A trace of Bromide of Potassi-
um, Silica and Alumnia, .... 1.570
392.907
Carbonic acid gas, (from
water bottled four weeks,)
314.16
Atmospheric air,. 4.62
Cubic inches, 318.78
SARATOGA AND SCHENEC- TADY RAILROAD, extends from the city of Schenectady to the vil- lage of Saratoga Springs, a dis- tance of 21} miles ; running through the village of Ballston Spa, where it forms a junction with the Rensselaer and Saratoga railroad, extending to the city of Troy .- This road was incorporated in 1831, with a capital of $150,000 ; and was opened for public use, July 12, 1832. At Schenectady, this road connects with the Mohawk and Hudson railroad, and with the Uti- ca and Schenectady railroad.
SARDINIA, t. Erie co. situated 28 miles south-east of the city of Buffalo, and distant 274 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,743 inhabitants. The surface is hilly ; soil, moist clay loam, well adapted to grass ; drained by Cattaraugus creek, which bounds it on the south.
SARDINIA, V. and p. o. Sar- dinia, Erie co. contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 Baptist church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 woollen factory, 1 furnace, 1 grist mill and 1 saw mill.
SAUGERTIES, t. Ulster co. situ- ated 10 miles north of the village of Kingston, and distant 46 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 6,216 inhabitants. The surface on the west is covered by the Catskill
you approach the Hudson, it is comparatively level, and the soil of good quality ; drained by the Plattekill and Esopus creeks flow- ing into the Hudson river, which bounds it on the east. Saugerties, Glasco, Malden and West Camp, are names of post offices. The for- mer is situated in the village of Ulster, although most generally known by the name of the post office.
SAUQUOIT, V. and p. o. Paris, Oneida co. is situated on both sides of Sadaquada or Sauquoit creek, it contains about 300 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 ta- verns, 4 stores, 2 large cotton fac- tories, 1 paper mill, 2 flouring mills and a clothier's works .- About half a mile south-west of this place, is situated an inflamma- ble sulphur spring. This water pos- sesses valuable medicinal quali- ties, the gas which escapes is used for domestic purposes in the light- ing of the public house, which is located near by, and accommo- dates visitors.
SAVANNAH, t. Wayne co. sit- uated 11 miles east of the village of Lyons, and distant 170 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,718 inhabitants. The surface is level and swampy on the south-east, be- ing in part covered by the Monte- zuma marshes; the soil on the north and west is of a good quality. Near the centre of this town is a small lake called Crusoe lake, its outlet flows east into Seneca river. Savannah, is the name of a post office.
SAWKILL CREEK, rises in the town of Milan, Dutches co. and flows west through the town of Redhook, when it empties into the Hudson river.
SAW MILL RIVER, rises in Westchester co. and runs in a south-west direction, emptying in- to the Hudson at the village of
364
SAYVILLE-SCHENECTADY.
Yonkers ; on this stream are loca- ; flourishing manufacturing village, ted several factories and mills of various kinds.
SAYVILLE, p. o. Islip, Suffolk co.
SCARSDALE, t. Westchester co. situated 4 miles south of the vil- lage of White Plains, and distant 135 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 255 inhabitants. The sur- face is rolling ; soil, sandy and clay loam ; drained south by the Bronx river which bounds it on the west.
SCHAGHTICOKE, t. Rensselaer co. situated 10 miles north of the city of Troy, and distant 15 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,389 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, sand, clay and loam, underlaid with slate and of good quality ; drained by Tom- hanic creek and the Hoosick river flowing into the Hudson, which bounds it on the west. Schaghti- coke is the name of a post office.
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