USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 8
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Canisteo river; the soil is mostly clay loam, of good quality. The names of the post offices in the town are Almond, Centre Almond, and North Almond.
ALMOND, V. and p. o. Almond, Allegany co. is situated on the line of the New-York and Erie rail- road; it contains about 400 inhabi- tants, 60 dwelling houses, 1 Pres- byterian and one Baptist church, 2 taverns, 6 stores of different kinds, 1 grist mill, 2 sawmills, & 1 tannery.
ALPS, v. and p. o. Nassau, Rensselaer co., is situated on the Sandlake turnpike, 14 miles east of the city of Albany ; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 2 taverns and 1 store.
ALTITUDES & ELEVATIONS, above the Atlantic Ocean and the tides of the Hudson river.
Feet.
Harbor Hill, Long Island, .. 319
Richmond Hill, Staten Island, . ...
307
Fort Washington; N. York Island, 238
Palisades, highest part of the range, 550 Anthony's Nose, lower entrance of the "Highlands,". 1,128
Nose, "Highlands, 1,187
New Beacon, or Grand Sachem, do. 1,685
Shawangunk Mountain, . 1,866
Catskill Mountains, Round Top, ... 3,804 Do. High Peak, .... 3,71S
Do. Pine Orchard, . 3,000
CAPITOL, at Albany, ..
130
Mount Defiance, near Ticonderoga,
720
Mount Seward,
4,000 5,467
Mount M'Intyre,
5,18
Dial Mountain, or Nipple Top, .
4,900
Whiteface, N. part of Essex co .. Adirondack Iron Works, .
1,889
Highest source of the Hudson and
Au Sable rivers, on Mt. Marcy, .. 4,747
Avalanche Lake, of Essex co. 2,900
Lake Colden,. .
2,850
Racket Lake, of Hamilton co.
1,731
Lake Champlain,.
93
Lake George, or Horicon,. 243
Otsego Lake, .. 1,189
407
Seneca Lake,.
447
Crooked Lake,
718
Canandaigua Lake,
668
Chautauque Lake,.
1,291
Lake Erie, . 565
Lake Ontario, 231
Lakes Huron and Michigan, 595
Lake Superior,.
648
Fort Putnam, near West Point, . . .
500
Butter Hill, of the "Highlands," .. 1,520
Breakneck Hill, or upper Anthony's
Mount Marcy,.
4,855
Cayuga Lake,
61
ALTON-AMITY.
ALTON, V. & p. o. Sodus, Wayne | co. is situated on the Ridge Road; it contains about 150 inhabitants, 25 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, 1 store, 3 saw mills and 1 tannery.
AMBER, V. and p. o. Otisco, On- endaga co. is situated near Otisco lake; it contains about 100 inhabi- tants, 15 dwelling houses, 1 church, 1 tavern and 2 stores.
AMBOY, t. Oswego co. situated 30 miles east of the village of Os- wego, and distant 137 miles from Albany, contained in 1840, 1070 inhabitants ; the surface is level and the soil rich loam, producing grass and grain in abundance. It con- tains several small lakes, and is drained by Salmon and Scriba creeks. Amboy is the name of a post office, where is situated a small settlement.
AMBOY, V. Camillus, Onondaga co. is situated on Nine Mile Creek ; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 flouring mill, 3 saw mills, 1 plaster mill, 1 lathe machine, and 2 tanneries.
AMEGANSETT, V. and p. o. East Hampton, Suffolk co. This is the most eastern settlement on Long Island; it contains about 35 dwel- lings ; the inhabitants are mostly engaged in farming and fishing.
South Amenia, are names of post offices. Ameniaville is the name of a village.
AMENIA UNION, p. o. Ame- nia, Dutchess co. Here is a settle- ment called Hitchcock's Corners, containing 2 churches, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 cotton factory, 1 woollen factory, 1 saw mill, and about 35 dwelling houses.
AMENIAVILLE, v. Amenia, Dutchess co. is situated on the Poughkeepsie and Sharon turnpike, twenty-five miles from the former place ; it contains about 200 inha- bitants, 40 dwelling houses, an in- corporated academy, 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, and 1 plaster mill. One or two miles north of this place is situated the ponds which are the sources of Wassaic creek; in the vicinity is also a bed of iron ore, and extensive iron works, giving employment to about 100 workmen.
AMESVILLE, v. Canajoharie, Montgomery co., contains about 175 inhabitants, 25 dwelling houses, 2 churches, an academy, I tavern, 1 store, 1 grist mill, and the Ames post office.
AMHERST, t. Erie co. situated 10 miles north-east from the city of Buffalo, and distant 283 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2451 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating and the soil of rather indif- ferent quality. The Tonawanda creek flows on the north boundary of this town, and Ellicott's creek runs nearly through the centre .- Williamsville village and post of- fice is situated on the stage road from Buffalo to Batavia.
AMENIA, t. Dutchess co. situat- ed 20 miles north-east of Pough- keepsie, and distant 86 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2179 in- habitants. The surface of this town is very much diversified; on the east extends the Taghkanic Moun- tains, and on the southwest it is pierced by the Fishkill range ; through the intervening valley flow the Wassaic and Ten Mile creeks, tributaries of the Housatonic river. AMITY, t. Allegany co. situat- ed 6 miles south of Angelica, and distant 255 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1354 inhabi- tants. The surface is high and rolling on the east and west boun- On the north there are two ponds of considerable size, and in the town is found marble of good qua- lity, magnetic iron ore, and some mineral springs. Amenia, Ame- nia Union, City, Leedsville, and | daries ; nearly through the centre
62
AMITY-ANCRAM IRON WORKS.
flows the Genesee river in a north- erly direction; the soil is various; the uplands are adapted to grazing, while on the river are fertile flats, producing grass and grain in abun- dance. The names of the post of- fices in the town are Genesee val- ley, Hobbieville and Phillipsville. AMITY, V. and p. o. Warwick, Orange co. contains about 100 in- habitants, 15 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian church, a select school, 1 tavern and 2 stores.
AMSTERDAM, t. Montgomery co. situated on Mohawk river, 31 miles west of the city of Albany, and 11 miles east of the village of Fonda ; it contained in 1840, 5,333 inhabitants. The surface is une- ven, and the soil clay loam and rich mould ; the latter, mostly con- fined to the valley of the Mohawk, is very productive and easily tilled; besides being watered by the Mo- hawk on the south, several small streams flow through the town in a southerly direction, the principal of which is the Chuctanunda creek. In this vicinity are extensive stone quarries, where are quarried in large quantities a fine quality of building stone; it is also used in the construction of locks and culverts, on the enlarged Erie ca- nal, which passes on the opposite side of the river. The names of the post offices in this town, are Amsterdam, Cranesville, Haga- man's Mills, and Tribes Hill.
AMSTERDAM, V. and p. o. Am- sterdam, Montgomery co. is situ- ated on the north side of the Mo- hawk river, 31 miles west of Al- bany, where is a substantial toll bridge, connecting it with Port Jackson on the Erie Canal. It was incorporated in 1830, and now contains about 1700 inhabitants, 250 dwelling houses, 1 banking house, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist church ; an incorporated academy in a flourishing condition, and a
| female seminary ; 5 hotels and ta- verns, 14 stores and groceries, 2 grist mills, 1 scythe factory, 1 car- pet factory, 2 furnaces, 2 plaster mills, 1 planing machine, I ma- chine shop and 1 printing office, besides many other mechanical establishments. The Utica and Schenectady railroad passes thro' this place, where is a conve- venient depot ; stages also leave here, for the Fish House and other places in Fulton county. One or two miles west of the village, on the turnpike road, are situated two of the stone mansions of the John- son family, who figured in the ear- ly history of this part of the coun- try. Some rude paintings of hu- man figures upon the rocks in this vicinity, are said to have existed when first settled by the whites.
ANALYSIS OF MINERAL WA- TERS. See Avon, Ballston Spa, Saratoga Springs, Lebanon Springs, Chittenango, Rosendale and Sharon.
ANCRAM, t. Columbia co. situ- ated in the extreme south east part of the county, 21 miles from the city of Hudson, and distant 51 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1770 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly, the soil gravelly loam and clay, underlaid by slate and limestone; it is watered by Ancram and Punch creeks, on the former of which are extensive iron works; galena, or ore of lead, is found in several places in this town. The names of the post of- fices are Ancram and Ancram Lead Mines.
ANCRAM IRON WORKS, An- cram, Columbia co. is situated on Ancram creek; here are located 1 furnace and 2 forges, which manu- facture wrought iron of every de- scription, but principally iron for the manufacture of gun barrels .; a store and some 30 or 40 dwelling houses. The ore which is used in the above works is principally
63
ANCRAM-ANNSVILLE.
brought from the Copake iron mine and some from Salisbury, Conn. which yields a superior quality of iron, highly esteemed for its strength and purity.
ANCRAM LEAD MINES, p. o. Ancram, Columbia co. is situated on Punch Creek ; here are located a public house, a store, and some few dwelling houses. The lead ore found in this vicinity is of a rich quality, although the mine has not been worked for the last few years.
ANCRAM, or ROELOFF JAN- SEN'S CREEK, rises in Hillsdale, Columbia co. and flows in a cir- cuitous direction into the Hudson river, 8 miles below the city of Hudson; this is a good mill stream.
ANDES, t. Delaware co. situated 10 miles south-east of the village of Delhi, and distant 87 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,176 inhabitants. The surface is hilly, and the soil adapted to grazing; it is timbered with beech, maple and hemlock. Through this town flows the Papacton branch of the Dela- ware river and Temper's kill; the names of the post offices are An- des, Cabin Hill and Shavertown; at the former there is a small set- tlement, consisting of 2 churches, 1 tavern, 1 store, and 18 or 20 dwellings.
ANDOVER, t. Allegany co. situ- ated 15 miles south-east of the vil- lage of Angelica, and distant 266 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 848 inhabitants. The surface is uneven, and the soil clay loam; Dyke creek, a tributary of the Ge- nesee river, passes through this town; also the line of the New- York and Erie rail road.
ANDOVER, V. and p. o. Ando- ver, Allegany co. is situated on the line of the New-York and Erie railroad ; it contains about 150 in- habitants, 25 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 taverns and 2 stores; near by
there are several saw mills on Dyke creek.
ANGELICA CREEK, rises in West Almond, Allegany co. and flows west through the town of An- gelica, where it empties into the Genesee river.
ANGELICA, t. Allegany co. contains the county buildings, situ- ated in the village of the same name, which is centrally located ; it contained in 1840, 1257 inhabi- tants. The surface is rolling, de- clining west towards the Genesee river, which crosses the south-west angle, into which flows Angelica creek; soil, clay Ioam, and sandy alluvion, mostly very productive.
ANGELICA, v. and p. o. Ange- lica, Allegany co. is situated on Angelica creek, 250 miles west of the city of Albany. It was incor- porated in 1835, and now contains about 900 inhabitants, 120 dwel- ling houses, a court house, jail, and county clerk's office, 1 banking house, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal and 1 Methodist church, 3 ta- verns, 8 stores, 1 woollen factory, 2 flouring mills, 1 saw mill, and 1 tannery.
ANGOLA, p. o. Collins, Erie co. ANNAQUASCOOK, p. o. Jack- son, Washington co.
ANNSVILLE, t. Oneida co. situ- ated 25 miles north-west of the city of Utica, and distant 118 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1765 inhabitants ; the surface is undulating, the soil gravelly loam and sandy; it is well watered by Fish creek and its tributaries, and contains post offices named Anns- ville and Taberg.
ANNSVILLE, v. Cortlandtown, Westchester co. is situated on the east side of the Hudson river, at the mouth of the Peekskill, one mile north of the village of the same name. Here are situated an exten- sive snuff factory and a wire facto- ry, both propelled by water power, also about 20 dwellings.
64
ANTHONY'S NOSE-ARGYLE.
ANTHONY'S, NOSE, or the "NOSE," as commonly called, on the north bank of the Mohawk ri- ver, in the west part of Montgome- ry county, is on the extreme point of the hill or mountain called the " Klips;" sloping down toward the river; from an elevation of about 500 feet, is a good imitation of a nose, some 3 or 400 feet in length.
ANTHONY'S or ST. ANTHO- NY's NOSE, situated on the south side of Breakneck Hill in the town of Philipstown, on the east bank of the Hudson. Its name is derived from a resemblance to a huge hu- man face, as seen from the river, at the north entrance of the High- lands. There is also another, though less remarkable, promontory of the same name, opposite the site of old Fort Montgomery, below West Point, near the south entrance of the Highlands.
ANTWERP, t. Jefferson co. si- tuated 20 miles north-east of the village of Watertown, and distant 164 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,109 inhabitants. The surface is hilly; soil, clay loam of good quality and well suited for grass; it is watered by Indian river on the south, and the Oswegatchie on the north, which here takes a turn called the "Oxbow." Ant- werp and Oxbow are names of post offices.
ANTWERP, V. and p. o. Ant- werp, Jefferson co. is situated on Indian river; it contains about 300 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 4 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 clothier's works, 1 scythe factory and 1 pocket fur- nace.
APALACHIN, p. o. Owego, Ti- oga co.
APPLING, p. o. Adams, Jeffer- son co.
APULIA, p. o. Fabius, Ononda- ga co.
verhead, Suffolk co. contains 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store and about 15 dwellings.
ARCADE, V. and p. o. China, Wyoming co. is situated at the junction of Clear and Cattaraugus creeks, where is a valuable water power; it contains about 300 inha- bitants, 50 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 clothier's works and several saw mills. The post office is called China.
ARCADIA, t. Wayne co. situat- ed 5 miles west of the village of Lyons, and distant 190 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 4,980 inhabitants. The surface is hilly; soil, sandy and calcareous loam; gypsum is found in this town and extensively quarried, thro' which also passes Mud creek. The names of the post offices are Fairville and Newark.
ARCADIA, v. Arcadia, Wayne co. is situated on the Erie canal; it was incorporated in 1839, and now contains about 500 inhabi- tants, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Bap- tist church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, be- sides several groceries, 1 flouring mill and 1 tannery.
ARGYLE, t. Washington co. si- tuated equi-distant between Salem and Sandy Hill, and distant 46 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,111 inhabitants. The sur- face is uneven but generally ara- ble; soil, gravelly loam and san- dy, underlaid by lime and slate. In the south part are situated two ponds, the largest of which is call- ed Long Pond, and through the centre of the town flows the Moses- kill. The names of the post offices are Argyle, North Argyle, and South Argyle.
ARGYLE, V. and p. o. Argyle, Washington co. is situated on Mo- seskill; it was incorporated in 1838, and now contains about 500 inha- bitants, 80 dwelling houses, a coun-
AQUEBOGUE, V. and p. o., Ri-| ty clerk's office, 1 Scotch Presby-
65
ARIETTA-ATHENS
terian, 1 Cameronian and 1 Metho- | situated 10 miles north of the vil- dist church ; 2 taverns, 5 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill and 1 fulling mill and carding machine.
ARIETTA, t. Hamilton county, is situated 8 miles west of the village of Lake Pleasant, and dis- tant 72 miles trom Albany; the town contained in 1840, 209 inha- bitants. This is a large town in extent, as yet but partly settled on the south, while the north remains a wilderness; it contains several lakes, and is drained by numerous small streams. Piseco is the name of a lake and a post office.
ARKPORT, V. and p. o. Hor- nellsville, Steuben co. is situated on the Canisteo river at the head of ark navigation; it contains about 175 inhabitants, 30 dwelling hous- es, 1 tavern and 1 store.
ARKVILLE, p. o. Middletown, Delaware co.
ARKWRIGHT, t. Chautauque co. situated 16 miles north-east of the village of Mayville, and dis- tant 346 miles from Albany; con- tained in 1940, 1,418 inhabitants. The surface is high and hilly, ly- ing on a dividing ridge, sending its waters east, west, north and south; soil, gravelly loam, suitable for grass or grain. Arkwright is the name of a post office centrally si- tuated in the town.
ARNOLD HILL MINE. See Clintonville.
ARSENALS and CANTON- MENTS, U. States. See Buffalo, Fort Hamilton, Governor's Is- land, Plattsburgh, Rome, Oswego, Sackett's Harbor, Watervliet or West Troy and West Point.
ARSENALS and MAGAZINES, State. See Albany, Batavia, Ca- nandaigua, Elizabethtown, Fort Richmond, Staten Is., Malone, New- York, Russell and Water- town.
ARTHURSBURGH, p. o. La Grange, Dutchess co.
ASHFORD, t. Cattaraugus co. 5
lage of Ellicottville, and distant 300 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,469 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, clay loam ; it is drained by Cattaraugus creek and its tributaries.
ASHFORD, V. and p. o. Ashford, Cattaraugus co. contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 flour- ing mill and 1 saw mill.
ASHVILLE, V. Harmony, Chau- tauque co. is situated on Goose creek, near Chautauque lake; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 ta- verns, 3 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill and 1 tannery. Here is a post office called Harmony.
ASTORIA, v. and p. o. New- town, Queens co. is situated on the East river, near Hell Gate, 6 miles from the city of New-York; it was incorporated in 1839, and now contains about 600 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Dutch Reform- ed, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist and 1 Roman Catholic church, a female seminary called the Astoria Fe- male Institute, which is in a flou- rishing condition; 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 large turpentine factory, 1 carpet factory, 1 extensive hat factory, 1 oil factory, and the As- toria Botanic Garden, consisting of four acres, and a range of green- houses 200 feet in length. Here are situated a number of delightful country residences, overlooking the river, and in full view of New- York island, with which it is con- nected by a steam ferry; a steam boat also runs from this place to the city of New-York several times daily, and stages run to and from the city hourly.
ATHENS, borough, Bradford co. Penn. is situated at the junc- tion of the Chemung river with the Susquehannah, formerly called Tioga Point. It contains about 400 inhabitants, 60 dwelling hous-
1
66
ATHENS-ATTICA.
es, 1 Presbyterian church, an in- corporated academy in a flourish- ing condition, 2 taverns and 11 stores of different kinds. At this point terminates the North Branch canal of Pennsylvania, which ren- ders it, in connection with a branch railroad to be constructed to inter- sect the New-York and Erie rail- road, a distance of 4 miles, a place of considerable importance, and in its trade is closely allied with the interests of the state of New-York, as will be seen by a reference to the map. The mail stage from Owego to Elmira passes daily thro' this place; stages also leave here for the interior of the state of Penn- sylvania.
ATHENS, t. Greene co. situated 5 miles north of the village of Cats- kill, and distant 29 miles from Al- bany; contained in 1840, 2,387 in- habitants. The surface is hilly on the west, but more level as you ap- proach the Hudson river; soil, a mixture of clay, sand and loam, generally fertile when well culti- vated. In the interior of the town are some high ridges of graywacke slate, from which large quantities of flagging stones are obtained and carried to market.
ATHENS, V. and p. o. Athens, Greene co. is situated on the west bank of the Hudson river, directly opposite the city of Hudson, with which it is connected by a steam ferry; it was incorporated in 1805, and now contains about 1,300 in- habitants, 200 dwelling houses, 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Lutheran and 1 Baptist church, and a Friends' meeting house, 2 ta- verns, 18 stores of different kinds and 9 warehouses; I extensive stone and earthenware, portable furnace and fire brick manufactory; 1 glue factory, where is manufactured 25 tons of glue annually; 10 large brick yards; 3 dry docks and ship yards for building and repairing vessels; 5 lime kilns, 4 hay press-
es and scales and 1 tannery. There is owned and sails from this place from 20 to 25 sloops, which annu- ally carry to the New-York mar- ket a large amount of produce and manufactured products.
ATHOL, t. Warren co. situated 12 miles west of the village of Caldwell, and distant 71 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,210 inhabitants. This is a large town, but partially settled on the east on the border of the Hudson river, while on the west extends a sterile tract of country, mostly valuable for its timber. It is watered by the Hudson and some of its tribu- taries. Athol is the name of a post office.
ATLANTIC BASIN. See City of Brooklyn.
ATLANTIC OCEAN; this im- mense body of water extends along the coast of Long Island on the south, running into Long Island Sound, thence into the East river or arm of the above ocean, communi- cating with its own waters again through the "Narrows" and the lower bay of New-York, thus form- ing Long Island, which may be considered a breakwater for the noble harbor of New-York.
ATTICA, t. Wyoming co. situat- ed 8 miles north-west of the village of Warsaw, distant 250 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,710 inhabitants. The surface is roll- ing; soil, clay loam, producing grain and grass in great quantities. It is watered by Tonawanda creek and its tributaries. The names of the post offices are Attica, Attica Centre and Vernal.
ATTICA, v. and p. o. Attica, Genesee co. is situated on the To- nawanda creek; it was incorporat- ed in 1837, and now contains about 800 inhabitants, 100 dwelling hous- es, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a female seminary, 1 bank, 2 taverns, 8 stores and groceries, 2 grist mills, 1 tannery and 1 clo-
67
ATTLEBBURY-AUBURN.
thier's works. It is contemplated ) separate cells, each cell being 7 to extend the railroad from Bata- via to this place, thence to Buffalo.
ATTLEBURY, p. o. Stanford, Dutchess co.
ATTWATER'S FALLS. See Norfolk village.
AUBURN, t. Cayuga co. con- tains the county buildings, situated in the village of the same name, distant 172 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 5,626 inhabi- tants. The surface is somewhat uneven; soil, clay loam and very fertile, underlaid with limestone, much of which is quarried and af- fords a valuable building material. The whole town is included in the chartered limits of the village, through which flows the outlet of Owasco lake, affording a great amount of hydraulic power.
AUBURN, V. and p. o. Auburn, Cayuga co. is situated on the out- let of Owasco lake, 172 miles west of the city of Albany, and 8 miles south of the line of the Erie canal. It was incorporated in 1815, and contained in 1840, 5626 inhabitants, 800 dwelling houses, a court house, jail, and county clerk's office .-- The Auburn State Prison, located on the north side of the Owasco outlet, is a splendid edifice of the kind; it was founded in 1816, and cost over half a million of dollars; here is inclosed 10 acres of land, surrounded by a solid stone wall, from 16 to 40 feet in height and 3 feet thick. The main building, facing the east, is 3 stories in height, besides the basement, sur- mounted by a turretted cupola, in which is an alarm bell; the wings are two stories, the whole front be- ing 276 feet long, and the wings 242 deep by 45 feet wide, enclosing on three sides a court in the rear, of about 190 feet square. The cells in the interior are built with- in the exterior front and are 5 sto- ries in height, surrounded by gal- leries ; in all they amount to 770
feet long by 3} feet wide, and 7} feet high, calculated to accommo- date one prisoner during his relax- ation from labor. In addition to the cells, the main building con- tains a chapel, a hospital, dining- room for the prisoners, cooking apartments, and store rooms; be- sides apartments which are in the main front building, used for offi- ces for the clerk and agent, and the residence of the principal keeper. Here are now confined about 700 convicts, mostly engag- ed in different kinds of mechanical pursuits, which is carried on in workshops and under large sheds within the outside prison walls. Of these convicts, 570 are natives of the U. States, and 130 foreigners.
The Auburn Theological Se- minary, is a large stone edifice, 4 stories in height, above the basement, and will be 200 feet front, when fully completed as de- signed; there is now, 1841, a front of 160 feet finished and occupied, under the charge of four professors; here are now about 80 students. It was chartered in 1820, and first went into operation in 1821. In addition to the above, the Auburn Academy and the Auburn Female Seminary are incorporated institu- tions; here also is a town hall, and market, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Ro- man Catholic, and 1 Universalist church; a museum, 2 banking houses, 7 hotels and taverns, 80 stores and groceries, 1 large cot- ton factory 4 flouring mills, 3 saw mills, 1 French burr mill stone factory, 1 card factory, 1 tobacco factory, 1 sash factory, 1 planing machine, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 plaster mill, 3 iron foundries, 1 machine shop, 2 large tanneries, 1 morocco factory, 3 carriage manu- factories, 2 extensive cabinet ware factories, and 4 printing offices, besides most every other kind of
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