USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 17
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The Hudson and Berkshire railroad, commences at the city of Hudson and extends to the Massachusetts state line, where it unites with the Western Railroad of Massachusetts at West Stockbridge; the Albany and West Stockbridge railroad also passes through the north-east angle of this county. The New-York and Albany railroad, when completed, will extend through the interior.
The following are the names of the towns in Columbia county, with the population in 1840.
Ancram,
1,770 | Hillsdale, 2,470
Austerlitz, 2,091
HUDSON CITY, 5,672
Canaan, .
1,957
Kinderhook, 3,512
Chatham,
3,662
Livingston, 2,190
Claverack, .
3,056
New-Lebanon, . 2,536
Clermont,
1,231
Stockport,
1,815
Copake,
1,505
Gallatin, .
1,644
Germantown,.
969
Ghent, ..
2,558
Greenport, .
1,161
COLUMBIA, t. Herkimer co. |port, Columbia co. is situated situated 10 miles south of the vil- lage of Herkimer, and distant 75 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,129 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, calcareous and sandy loam; it is drained by some of the head waters of the Unadilla and Susquehanna rivers, while other streams flow north into the Mohawk river. Columbia, and South Columbia are names of post offices.
COLUMBIA COLLEGE. See New- York City.
COLUMBIAVILLE, v. Stock-
Stuyvesant, 1,779
Taghkanic, 1,674
Total inhabitants, 43,252
about half a mile east of the Hud- son river, near the confluence of the Claverack and Kinderhook creeks. It was incorporated in 1812, and now contains about 600 inhabitants, 60 dwelling houses, 2 taverns and 2 stores. Here are located 2 large cotton factories, containing about 5,000 spindles, manufacturing annually large quantities of sheetings ; giving employment to about 100 mecha- nics and operatives.
COLUMBIAVILLE, V. Madrid, St. Lawrence co. is situated on
129
COLUMBUS-CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS.
Grass river; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 woollen factory, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill and 2 machine shops. The Madrid post office is situated in this place.
COLUMBUS, t. Chenango co. sit- uated 14 miles north-east of the village of Norwich, and distant 83 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,561 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and somewhat broken; soil, clay and sandy loam; it is watered by the Unadilla river and some of its tributaries. Columbus and Columbus Corners are names of post offices. At the former there are situated 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 tannery and about 20 dwellings.
COLUMBUS POINT. See Kings- ton Landing.
COMAC, p. o. Smithtown, Suf- folk co .; a small settlement is here situated on the middle post road, running between Brooklyn and Riverhead.
COMSTOCK'S LANDING, p. o. Fort Ann, Washington co.
CONCORD, t. Erie co. situated 25 miles south-east of Buffalo, and distant 282 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,021 inhabi- tants. The surface is hilly, high ridges dividing the streams; soil, clay loam, well adapted for grass; drained by several small streams and Cattaraugus creek, which bounds it on the south. Concord Centre, Springville and Waterville Corners are post offices.
CONESUS, t. Livingston co. sit- uated 10 miles south-east of the village of Geneseo, and distant 221 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,654 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly, and the soil of rather an indifferent quality; lying be- tween Conesus and Hemlock lakes, which are surrounded by high and precipitous grounds. Conesus and West Conesus are post offices.
CONESUS LAKE, is a small body of water lying in Livingston county; it is 9 miles long by 1 in width. This lake, it is said, ex- ceeds 300 feet in depth; its waters are pure and cold, and well stock- ed with fish.
CONESVILLE, t. Schoharie co. situated 20 miles south of the vil- lage of Schoharie, and distant 42 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,621 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly; soil, sandy loam. It is watered by the Manor-Kill, which flows into Schoharie creek on the west. Conesville is the name of a post office.
CONEY ISLAND, forms a part of the town of Gravesend, Kings co .; it is 43 miles long, averaging half a mile in width, and faces the Atlantic ocean, being divided from the main land by a narrow channel or inlet, which is crossed by a toll bridge. Here are two commo- dious hotels for the accommodation of visiters, the beach being much resorted to for sea air and bathing. No place in the vicinity of the city of New-York, exceeds this island as a convenient and desirable wa- tering place. During the summer months great numbers resort here. Stages leave Brooklyn several times daily in the summer season for this island, and the Bath House situated 3 miles north.
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. The state is divided into 33 Con- gressional districts, and sends 40 members to the United States Con- gress, according to the apportion- ment of the census of 1830, being in a ratio of one representative for every 47,700 persons in each state, computed according to the rule prescribed by the Constitution of the United States. The third dis- trict, comprising the city of New- York, is entitled to four members; the eighth, seventeenth, twenty- second and twenty-third, are each entitled to two members; the re-
9
130
CONHOCTON-CONSTANTIA.
maining districts send one member | Axeville and Clear creek, are each. The total number of repre- names of post offices. Rutledge is the name of a village. sentatives to Congress in the Union, according to the above ap- portionment, is 242 members. The territories are each entitled to one delegate.
CONHOCTON, t. Steuben co. situated 18 miles north-west of the village of Bath, and distant 225 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,965 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly; the soil, moist clay loam, well adapted to grass. It is drained by the Conhocton river and some of its head streams. Con- hocton, North Conhocton and Patchin's Mills, are names of post offices. Liberty is the name of a settlement.
CONHOCTON RIVER, rises in Steuben co. and unites with the Tioga river near the village of Painted Post, when the united streams take the name of Chemung. On the Conhocton and its tributa- ries are a number of fine mill sites ; this stream is navigable for rafts and arks from the village of Bath to its mouth during high water. Its length is 55 miles.
CONKLIN, t. Broome co. situa- ted 5 miles south-east of Bingham- ton, and distant 152 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,475 inhabitants. The surface is some- what hilly, with a deep valley and flats, through which flows the Sus- quehannah river. Conklin and Corbettsville are names of p. offices.
CONNECTICUT CREEK, rises in Brookhaven, Suffolk co. and runs south into Fireplace bay.
CONNEWANGO, t. Cattaraugus co. situated 15 miles west of the village of Ellicottville, and distant 302 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,317 inhabitants. Sur- face high and rolling; some pla- ces deeply indented by the streams ; soil, good quality. It is drained by Conewango and Little Con- newango creeks. Connewango,
CONNEWANGO CREEK, rises in Chautauque and Cattaraugus counties, and flows south into the Allegany river, receiving the outlet of Chautauque lake and a number of other tributaries. This stream affords a pretty good boat naviga- tion during high water; multitudes of rafts also descend during certain seasons of the year.
CONQUEST, t. Cayuga co. situ- ated 15 miles north of the village of Auburn, and distant 162 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,911 inhabitants. The surface is rolling; soil, clay and sandy loam; it contains Duck lake, and is bounded on the north by Seneca river, which here separates and forms an island, called Howland's island, lying in the south-west an- gle of the town.
CONQUEST, V. and p. o. Con- quest, Cayuga co. contains about 150 inhabitants, 25 dwelling hou- ses, 1 church, 2 taverns and 2 stores.
CONSTABLE, t. Franklin co. situated 6 miles north of the village of Malone, and distant 218 miles from Albany, is bounded on the north by Canada. In 1840, it con- tained 1,122 inhabitants. The sur- face is level; soil, sandy loam ; drained by Trout river, which flows north into Canada. East Constable and West Constable are names of post offices.
CONSTABLEVILE, V. and p. o. West Turin, Lewis co. contains about 130 inhabitants, 20 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 flouring mill and 1 saw mill.
CONSTANTIA, t. Oswego co. situated 30 miles east of the village of Oswego, and distant 140 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,476 inhabitants. The surface is level; soil, sand and sandy loam.
131
CONSTANTIA-CORBEAU.
It is drained by Scriba's creek and | place in elegance of situation and other small streams which flow into Oneida lake, bounding it on the south. Constantia and Cleve- land are names of post offices.
CONSTANTIA, V. and p. o. Constantia, Oswego co. situated on the north side of Oneida lake ; it was incorporated in 1838, and now contains about 300 inhabitants, 45 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 ta- verns, 3 stores, 1 iron foundery and 1 saw mill.
CONSTITUTION ISLAND, lies in the Hudson river, opposite West Point, on which, during the revo- lutionary war, were erected some fortifiations.
COOKSBURGH, V. and p. o. Rensselaerville, Albany co .; here are situated 1 tavern, 3 stores, 2 tanneries, and 15 or 20 dwellings. This is the present termination of the Catskill and Canajoharie rail- road, distant 26 miles from Cats- kill.
COONSVILLE, V. Manchester, Ontario co. is situated on the Can- andaigua outlet ; it contains about 150 inhabitants, 25 dwelling hou- ses, 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, and a cloth dressing establishment.
COOPERSTOWN, V. and p. o. Otsego, Otsego co. is delightfully situated on a plain at the outlet of Otsego lake, 66 miles west of the city of Albany. It was incorporat- ed in 1812, and now contains about 1,400 inhabitants, 200 dwelling houses; a court house, jail, and county clerk's office ; 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Me- thodist and 1 Universalist church; 1 banking house; an academy in a flourishing condition, besides seve- ral good select schools; 7 hotels and taverns; 2 bookstores, one of which does a large publishing busi- ness, and 20 stores of different kinds ; an extensive flouring mill and 1 saw mill. No inland village in the state, probably exceeds this
beauty of surrounding scenery. Otsego lake in the immediate vici- nity, is a most beautiful sheet of water, abounding in trout and bass, celebrated for their peculiar fla- vor.
COPAKE, t. Columbia co. situa- ted 17 miles south-east of Hudson, and distant 47 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,505 inhabi- tants. The surface on the east is mountainous; on the west is a broad valley in which are several small lakes, and through which flows Ancram creek ; the ' soil is various, being rich and productive in the valleys. Copake is the name of a post office.
COPAKE CREEK, rises in Co- lumbia county, and runs into Cla- verack creek ; on this stream are a number of factories and mills.
COPAKE LAKE, lying in the town of Copake, covers about 600 acres. Its waters are very clear, and its bottom composed of white sand or gravel ; its shores are of gentle declivity, and highly culti- vated.
COPENHAGEN, V. and p. o. Denmark, Lewis co. is situated on Deer river; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 oil mill, and 1 rope walk. About half a mile below this place on Deer river, is a fall of 270 feet, being nearly perpen- dicular ; the banks for some dis- tance below are high and rugged, projecting over the stream, alto- gether forming a great natural curiosity.
CORAM, V. and p. o. Brookha- ven, Suffolk co. is centrally situa- ted on the post road from Smith- town to Riverhead ; it contains 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, and 12 or fifteen dwellings.
CORBEAU, V. Champlain, Clin- ton co. is situated on the Chazy river, 1} miles west of Lake
132
CORBEAU CREEK-CORNING.
Champlain. Here are situated kinds, and 1 warehouse ; 1 woollen
1 Roman Catholic church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills and a few dwelling houses.
CORBEAU CREEK, rises in Cha- zy, Clinton co. and runs north-east into the town of Champlain, where it empties in the Chazy river, at the village of Corbeau.
CORBETTSVILLE, p. o. Conk- lin, Broome co.
CORFU, p. o. Pembroke, Gene- see co.
CORINTH, t. Saratoga co. situ- ated 16 miles north of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 49 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,365 inhabitants. The sur- face is rolling ; soil, sand and sandy loam ; it is drained by several small streams, and is bounded on the east by the Hudson river. Co- rinth and South Corinth are names of post offices. The former is si- tuated at Jessup's Landing.
CORNELIA, V. and p. o. Clay- ton, Jefferson co. is situated on the St. Lawrence river, near the mouth of French creek, by which name it was formerly known. It con- tains about 450 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 church, 3 ta- verns, 6 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 ship yard and 1 tannery. This is a port of entry, and a convenient steamboat landing, being a place of considerable trade. The lumber business alone here is very great, giving employment to several vessels, and a large number of persons.
CORNING, V. and p. o. Painted Post, Steuben co. is advantageous- ly situated on the south side of the Chemung river, on the line of the New-York and Erie railroad, 280 miles westerly of the city of New- York. It contains about 800 in- habitants, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and I Methodist church; 1 banking house, 1 hotel, 14 stores of different | chandise; connecting at Bloss-
factory, 1 flouring mill, 2 saw mills, 1 iron foundery, 1 railroad car factory, 1 machine shop, 1 boat yard for building and repair- ing canal boats; 1 axe factory, 1 plaster mill, 1 brick yard, and 1 lime kiln, where is used bitumi- nous coal ; 1 carriage manufacto- ry, 1 printing office, besides many other kind of mechanic work shops. The natural and artificial advantages of this place are very great. The Corning and Bloss- burg railroad, which extends a distance of 40 miles; into the bitu- minous coal regions of Pennsylva- nia, here terminates. The New- York and Erie railroad passes directly through the village, cross- ing the Chemung river by a substantial and elegant bridge, near which is to be located a depot for the use of the railroad company. Here also commences the naviga- ble feeder of the Chemung canal, which unites with the Erie canal by means of Seneca lake and Cay- uga and Seneca canal. Here is formed a capacious basin, by means of a dam in the river, which favorably unites water navigation with the most important lines of railroads and boatable waters. The amount of coal and lumber sent from this place to the eastern markets is immense, giving em- ployment to a great number of canal boats and workmen of diffe- rent kinds. The present year, 1841, about 50,000 tons of coal alone, has been shipped from and deposited at this place ; and it is expected this amount will at least l be doubled another season. In addition to the railroad cars for Blossburg, stages leave Corning daily for different places east, west and north. A mail is transmitted over the above railroad, which is carried in a train that is devoted exclusively to passengers and mer-
133
CORNING AND BLOSSBURG RAILROAD-CORTLAND.
burg with a line of travel, extend- | hilly and in part mountainous; ing to Philadelphia.
CORNING AND BLOSSBURG RAILROAD, now in successful operation, extends from the village of Corning, Steuben county, to Blossburg, Tioga county, Penn- sylvania, a distance of 40 miles. This railroad reaches the bitumi- nous coal and iron mines located at the latter place ; it is furnished with 5 first class locomotives and passenger cars, and about 200 cars for the transportation of coal and other products. The estimated amount of coal passing over the road in 1841, was forty thousand tons; of pine sawed lumber, six millions of feet. The chartered name of the company, under whose direction this work was commen- ced, is the "Tioga Navigation Company."
CORNWALL, t. Orange co. si- tuated 6 miles south of the village of Newburgh, and distant 100 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,925 inhabitants. The surface is |or 15 dwellings.
having on its eastern border Butter Hill and Crow's Nest, two celebra- ted peaks of the "Highlands." This is a romantic region of coun- try, and contains besides West Point, an United States military station, for the education of cadets preparatory to entering the army ; the sites of old Forts Putnam, Clin- ton and Montgomery, the latter si- tuated on an eminence near the Hudson river, in the south part of the town, while the two former are situated at West Point. Canterbury and West Point are post offices.
CORNWALL, V. Orange co. is situated on the west side of the Hud- son river, at the northern termina- tion of the Highlands; it contains about 125 inhabitants, 20 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, 4 stores, and 3 store houses ; 3 brick yards, and 2 potteries.
CORNWALLVILLE, p. o. Dur- ham, Greene co .; here are situated 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store and 12
CORTLAND COUNTY, taken from Onondaga in 1808, is cen- trally distant 140 miles from the city of Albany, and is situated near the geographical centre of the state; it is bounded on the north by Onon- daga county, east by Chenango, south by the counties of Broome and Tioga, and on the west by Tompkins and Cayuga. The surface of this county is elevated, with gradually sloping hills and broad valleys; the soil is generally rich and productive, producing large crops of most kinds of grain, and is well adapted to grazing. The only mineral pro- ductions are those of iron ore, which occur in small quantities; one or two sulphur springs, a brine spring, and some beds of marl. Several streams flow through the county, the principal of which are the Tiough- nioga, and Otselic rivers, affording much available water power. The area of this county is about 500 square miles, or 320,000 acres. The county buildings are located in the village of Cortland, in the town of Cortland ville.
The following are the names of the towns in Cortland county, with. the population in 1840.
Cincinnattus, 1,301
Solon, . 2,311
CORTLANDVILLE,
3,799
Truxton,
3,658,
Freetown,
950
Virgil,
4,502
Homer,
3,572
Willett, 872
Marathon,
1,063
Preble, .
1,247
Total inhabitants,
24,607
Scott,
1,332
134
CORTLAND-COVINGTON.
CORTLAND, t. Westchester co. situated 16 miles north-west of the village of White Plains, and dis- tant 110 miles from Albany; con- tained in 1840, 5,592 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and on the north-west mountainous, where is situated the lower Anthony's Nose, a somewhat celebrated peak of the " Highlands." Soil, sand and gravelly loam; it is watered by the Croton river and several small streams flowing into the Hud- son river, which bounds it on the west. In this town is situated the site of old Continental village, Peekskill, Verplank's Point and Teller's Point, all celebrated dur- ing the revolutionary war, this vi- cinity being the scene of many stirring events. Cortlandtown, Peekskill and Verplank's Point are names of post offices. Croton and Annsville are names of settle- ments.
CORTLAND, V. and p. o. Cort- landville, Cortland co. is situated on the Tioughnioga river, 140 miles west of the city of Albany; it contains about 1,200 inhabitants, 200 dwelling houses, a court house, jail, and county clerk's office; 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Metho- dist and 1 Universalist church, 3 public houses, 12 stores of differ- ent kinds, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 paper mill and 2 tanneries. This village is handsomly situated in a delightful valley, and contains a number of elegant private resi- dences, surrounded by highly cul- tivated grounds.
CORTLANDTOWN, p. o. Cort- land, Westchester co. is located in Croton village.
CORTLANDVILLE, t. Cortland co. contains the county buildings, situated in the village of Cortland, and is distant 140 miles from Al- bany; it contained in 1840, 3,799 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating; soil, argillaceous mould, and very productive; it is drained
| by the Tioughnioga river and some of its branches. Cortland, Mc- Grawville and South Cortland are names of post offices.
COUNTIES. See Alphabetical arrangement.
COUNTY LINE, p. o. Somerset, Niagara co.
COUNTY SEATS, DISTANCES FROM. See Albany city.
COVENTRY, t. Chenango co. situated 16 miles south of the vil- lage of Norwich, and distant 117 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,681 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and somewhat broken; soil, sandy loam, well adapted to grass; it is drained by Harper's and Kelsey's creeks which flow into the Susquehanna river. Co- ventry and Coventryville are names of post offices.
COVENTRY, V. and p. o. Co- ventry, Chenango co. contains about 200 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 taverns and 2 stores.
COVENTRYVILLE, p. o. Co- ventry, Chenango co .; here is a settlement containing 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills and 15 or 20 dwellings.
COVERT, t. Seneca co. situated 25 miles south of the village of Waterloo, and distant 177 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,681 inhabitants. The surface is high and level, and soil of good quality; it is drained by several small creeks flowing into Cay- uga lake, which bounds it on the east. Covert is the name of a post office.
COVEVILLE, p. o. Northumber- land, Saratoga co.
COVINGTON, t. Wyoming co. situated 9 miles north-east of the village of Warsaw, and distant 241 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,438 inhabitants. This town was divided on the erection of the new county of Wyoming in 1841; the northern part is still attached
.
135
COW BAY-CRANBERRY LAKE.
to Genesee county, under the name | taverns, 15 stores of different kinds of Pavilion. The surface is rol- and 1 tannery. ling; soil, clay loam and very pro- COXSACKIE CREEK, rises in Greene co. and flows north-east into the Hudson river, in the town of New-Baltimore. ductive, yielding large crops of wheat and other grain. It is water- ed by Allen's creek. Covington and La Grange are names of post offices. At the former there is a settlement containing 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store and 15 or 20 dwel- lings.
Cow BAY, situated in the town of North Hempstead, Queens co. is an arm of Long Island Sound, extending inland about 5 miles. It is surrounded in part by highly cultivated farms and country resi- dences, and is navigable for steam- boats.
Cow HARBOR, GREAT and LITTLE, are situated in the north part of Huntington, Suffolk co. communicating with Huntington Bay on the west; being separated from Long Island Sound by Eaton's Neck.
Cow NECK, situated on the north side of Long Island, in the town of North Hempstead, Queens co. lies between Cow Bay on the west, and Hempstead Harbor on the east; it is about 6 miles long and 2} miles wide. Sand's Point is on the north.
COWLESVILLE, p. o. Benning- ton, Wyoming co.
COXSACKIE, t. Greene co. sit- uated 12 miles north of the village of Catskill, and distant 22 miles from the city of Albany; contain- ed in 1840, 3,539 inhabitants. The surface on the east is level, and on the west hilly and somewhat bro- ken; soil, clay and sandy loam; it is drained by several small streams flowing into the Hudson river, which bounds it on the east.
COXSACKIE, V. and p. o. Cox- sackie, Greene co. is situated one mile west of the landing on the Hudson river; it contains about 500 inhabitants, 80 dwelling hous- se, 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2
COXSACKIE LANDING, V. Greene co. is situated on the west side of the Hudson river, 22 miles below the city of Albany; here are three separate landings within the distance of a mile, altogether containing about 1,200 inhabitants, 150 dwelling houses, 1 Dutch Re- formed, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church; an academy, 4 public houses, 16 stores of different kinds and 15 warehouses; 1 steam plas- ter mill and 1 furnace; 1 ship yard and 2 dry docks for building and repairing vessels; 19 extensive brick yards where are manufactur- ed yearly about 30 millions of bricks. Here are owned and sails from this place 1 steam- boat, 2 freight barges and 19 sloops, carrying a large amount of produce and manufactured pro- ducts to the New-York market. This is also a convenient steamboat landing, where passengers are lan- ded several times daily, during the season of navigation.
CRAB, Or HOSPITAL ISLAND, lies in Lake Champlain, near Cum- berland Head, and is attached to the town of Plattsburgh, Clinton county.
CRAB MEADOWS, p. o. Hunt- ington, Suffolk co.
CRAIGVILLE, p. o. Blooming Grove, Orange co. here are situated 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 paper mill, 1 grist mill, 1 plaster mill, 1 saw mill and 12 or 15 dwellings.
CRAIN'S CORNERS, p. o. War- ren, Herkimer co.
CRANBERRY CREEK, p. o. Mayfield, Fulton co.
CRANBERRY LAKE, is a small body of water lying in the south part of the town of Parishville, St. Lawrence co., through which flows
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