USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 52
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TOMPKINS COUNTY, taken from Cayuga and Seneca in 1817, since changed in its limits, is centrally distant 170 miles west from the city of Albany. It is bounded on the north by Seneca and Cayuga counties, east by Cortland, south by Tioga and Chemung, and west by Chemung county and Seneca lake. The surface of this county is varied, somewhat hilly, but not mountainous ; the highest hills are susceptible of cultivation to their summits, while the valleys are very productive in grain, grass and fruit. The soil in general is well adapted to gra- zing. The principal streams are Fall creek, Six Mile creek and
395
TOMPKINS-TOMPKINSVILLE.
Cayuga inlet, all of which empty into the head of Cayuga lake, in the town of Ithaca, affording a large amount of available water power, with some very picturesque falls. The mineral productions of this county are limited ; there are beds of gypsum in the calciferous slate, and a few sulphur springs. The inlet of Cayuga lake is rendered na- vigable to the village of Ithaca, for canal boats and steamboats, which affords a water communication with the Erie canal, in connection with " Cayuga lake and the Cayuga and Seneca canal. The Ithaca and Owego railroad, commences at the village of Ithaca and extends to the village of Owego, a distance of 29 miles, where it connects with the line of the New-York and Erie railroad. The area of this county is about 580 square miles, or 371,400 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Tompkins county, with the population in 1840.
Caroline, 2,457
TOMPKINS, t. Delaware co. si- tuated 22 miles south-west of the village of Delhi, and distant 100 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,035 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous, di- vided into two ridges by the Dela- ware river, running south-west to the west bounds of the county, then turning south-east, it forms for se- veral miles the western boundary. Barboursville, Cannonsville and Deposit are names of post offices.
TOMPKINSVILLE, V. and p. o. Castleton, Richmond co. is de- lightfully situated on the north-east part of Staten Island, overlooking the Quarantine Ground; it is 6 miles south of the city of New- York, with which it is connected by commodious ferry boats. It was incorporated in 1823, and now contains about 1,400 inhabitants, 200 dwelling houses, 1 Reformed Dutch, 1 Episcopal and 1 Metho- dist church; 6 hotels and taverns, and 12 stores and groceries.
Here is located the Marine Hos- pital, or as it would be donomina- ted in most European countries, a " Lazaretto." It was established for the reception of patients labor-
| ITHACA,. 5,650
Danby,
2,570
Lansing,
3,672
Dryden,
5,446
Newfield,
3,567
Enfield, 2,340
Ulysses, 2,976
Groton, 3,618
Hector,
5,652
Total inhabitants, 37,948
ing under the influence of infec- tious or contageous diseases, on arriving from foreign or sickly ports. It is connected with the quarantine establishment, which opens by statute on the first of April, and closes on the first of November. The edifices connec- ted with it, on Staten Island, are the Marine Hospital, 176} feet front, 49 feet deep, and three sto- ries high. The Yellow Fever Hospital, 136 feet front by 28 deep, with wings, 37 by 28, all of two stories, the main building with a basement. The Small Pox Hospi- tal, 80 feet by 27, of two stories. Besides these, are the health offi- cer's house, the assistant's house, the doctor's house, six boatmen's houses, farmer's house, and some six or eight smaller buildings used for various purposes. The whole are valuable and well constructed buildings, surrounded by about 30 acres of land, which is enclosed by a substantial brick wall.
The following table shows the number of passengers from foreign ports, for a period of ten years, who arrived between the 15th of March and the 1st of November,
396
TONAWANDA-TONAWANDA RAILROAD.
inclusive, and were subject to qua- rantine regulations.
Year.
No. of foreign
passengers ar-
living in the
port of N. Y.
No. of patients
admit'd to Ma-
rine Hospital.
No. of deaths
in Marine Hos-
| pital.
1840
56,274
830 !
65
1839
47,688
750
57
1838
24, 213
400
23
1837
51, 677
1,100
79
1836
58, 597
724
64
1835
32,716
526
60
1834
46, 063
463
47
1833
39,461
448
63
1832
38, 815
447
53
1831
14, 82
526
43
TONAWANDA, t. Erie co. situ- ated 10 miles north of the city of Buffalo and distant 288 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,261 inhabitants. The surface is mostly level, including Grand Island, which lies in the Niagara river ; the soil is of a good quality, and productive ; it is drained by Tonawanda creek flowing into Niagara river.
TONAWANDA, V. and p. o. Tonawanda, Erie co. is situated on the east bank of the Niagara river, at the junction of the Tonawanda creek and the Erie canal, with which they are connected by a lift lock of 4 feet in height. At this place the Erie canal enters the creek, which is navigable for 12 miles to Pendleton, by means of a dam four feet high, erected at the village of Tonawanda. This place has important commercial advantages in its connection with the Niagara river ; here is an ex- cellent harbor, which is accessable to steamboats, and all kinds of sail craft during the navigable season. These advantages, however, have never been improved, being engros- sed by the capital and enterprise of Buffalo. It contains about 700 people, and 125 dwelling houses ; a depot of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls railroad ; 1 church, 6 stores,
3 taverns, and the usual variety of mechanic work shops.
TONAWANDA CREEK, rises in the south part of Wyoming county, and flows north through a part of Genesee, where it inclines to the west, and continues its course, emp- tying into the Niagara river at the village of Tonawanda. It forms the dividing line between the coun- ties of Erie and Niagara, and con- stitutes for a distance of 12 miles a part of the Erie canal.
TONAWANDA INDIAN SET- TLEMENT, Alabama and Pem- broke, Genesee county, contains about 350 souls, forming a part of the Seneca Nation of Indians, the head chief residing here; this tract embraces 12,800 acres of rich land, which is partially culti- vated.
TONAWANDA ISLAND, lies in the Niagara river, opposite the village of Tonawanda, and is at- tached to the town of Wheatfield, Niagara county. It contains about : 70 acres of good land, and is highly cultivated; here being loca- ted a beautiful country residence.
TONAWANDA RAILROAD, ex- tends from the city of Rochester to the village of Attica, in the county of Wyoming, a distance of 42 miles. This road is finished, and in operation between Rochester and Batavia, a distance of 32 miles ; from thence a distance of 10 miles the route has been surveyed, and will probably be completed in 1842. From Attica to Buffalo, a distance of 30 miles, a road is being constructed by the Attica and Buffalo Railroad Company, chartered in 1836, with a capital of $350,000. This road is under contract to be finished by the 4th of July, 1842, which, when com- pleted, in connection with the rail- road from Batavia to Attica, will complete the great chain of rail- roads extending from the city of Boston, via Albany, to Lake Erie,
397
TOWLESVILLE-TRIBES HILL.
a total distance by railroad of 522 miles.
TOWLESVILLE, p. o. Howard, Steuben co.
TOWNERS, p. o. Patterson, Putnam co.
TOWN LINE, p. o. Lancaster, Erie co.
TOWNSEND, p. o. Dix, Che- mung co.
TOWNSENDVILLE, p. o. Lodi, Seneca co.
TRANSIT, p. o. Elba, Genesee co.
TRANSPARENT LAKE, lies partly in Hamilton county and partly in Herkimer. This is a beautiful sheet of water, taking its name from its transparency. It is 5 miles long and 2 miles wide, abounding in salmon and brook trout of a very large size and of a delicious flavor. It is surrounded by a wild and interesting region of country.
TREMBLEAU POINT, lies on the west side of Lake Champlain, in the town of Chesterfield, Essex co. immediately south of the landing at Port Kent. This point forms the northern termination of the Clinton range of mountains, which traverse the northern part of the state from Little Falls to Lake Champlain at this place.
TRENTON, t. Oneida co. situa- ted 12 miles north of the city of Utica, and distant 92 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,178 inhabitants. The surface is hilly, but mostly arable; soil, clay loam, of good quality; drained by Nine Mile and West Canada creeks. On the latter, in the east part of this town, is situated the celebrated falls known as the Trenton Falls. Trenton, South Trenton, Trenton Falls and Holland Patent are names of post offices.
TRENTON, V. and p. o. Tren- ton, Oneida co. is situated 13 miles north of Utica. It was incorpora-
about 400 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Uni- tarian church; 2 taverns and 3 stores.
TRENTON FALLS, p. o. Tren- ton, Oneida co., is situated in the immediate vicinity of the celebra- ted Trenton Falls, on West Cana- da creek, where are located a well kept hotel, and a few dwellings ; here are a succession of falls of the most enchanting interest, which yearly attracts a great number of visitors to this wild and romantic spot. It is the primeval appear- ance of all around that constitutes the great charm of these falls ; the country adjoining is mostly cover- ed with forest trees, so that no ap- pearance of the ravine is visible until its verge is reached. Of the six falls in succession, the first is called the Upper; the second, a mile below the Cascades; the third, a little lower down, the Mill- dam ; the fourth, 40 rods far- ther, the High Falls; the fifth, about 70 rods farther, Sherman's, and the sixth, at the termination of the ravine, Conrad's. All these are formed by solid reefs of rocks, which cross the bed of the stream. Besides the falls, there are several raceways or chutes, from 10 to 20 rods long, through which the water passes with great rapidity. The whole depression of the stream from the top of the Upper Fall to the foot of Conrad's Fall, is 312 feet.
TRIANGLE, t. Broome co. si- tuated 16 miles north of the village of Binghamton, and distant 132 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,692 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly ; soil, well adapted to grass; drained by the Otselic and Tioughnioga rivers, which here form a junction. Triangle, Upper Lisle and Whitney's Point are names of post offices.
TRIBES HILL, p. o. Amster- ted in 1819, and now contains dam, Montgomery co. Here are
398
TROUPSBURGH-TROY CITY.
situated 1 church, 2 stores, 3 ta- | charge of Professor Eaton ; the verns, and about 20 dwelling hou- ses.
TROUPSBURGH, t. Steuben co. situated 25 miles south-west of the village of Bath, and distant 247 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,171 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating ; soil, clay and gravelly loam, well adapted to grass; drained south-east by the Cowanesque creek. Troupsburgh and West Troupsburgh are names of post offices.
TROUT RIVER, rises in Frank- lin co. and flows north into Canada, where it empties into the Chateau- gay river.
TROY CITY, Rensselaer co. is pleasantly situated on the east bank of the Hudson river, at the head of tide water and steamboat naviga- tion, 6 miles above Albany and 151 north of the city of New-York .- Two or three years after the revolu- tionary war, the site on which Troy stands, first began to attract the at- tention of settlers. Its existence as a village, may be dated from 1790. It was incorporated as a city in 1816, when it contained nearly 5,000 inhabitants ; it has recently been made a port of entry, and contained in 1840, 19,334 in- habitants, who are mostly engaged in commerce, trade and manufac- tures. Since the completion ofthe Erie and Champlain canals in 1825, which, opposite this place, at the village of West Troy, unites the waters of the lakes with those of the Hudson, Troy has rapidly increased in wealth and population. Here are situated a fine court house, built of marble, in the Gre- cian doric order; a jail construct- ed of brick ; a county poor house, to which a farm containing about 200 acres is attached ; the Rensse- laer institute, founded by the late Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer, where the sciences are practically taught to young men, under the
Troy female seminary, a flourish- ing chartered institution ; the Troy academy, also an excellent classi- cal and chartered institution for the education of boys, besides seve- ral select schools for males and fe- males. Troy contains 2 new, fine- ly modelled and expensive market buildings; 7 Presbyterian churches, 3 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 2 Metho- dist, 1 Catholic, 1 Universalist, 1 Friend's meeting house and an African church; 6 banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,568,000 ; 2 insurance companies; 1 lyceum of natural history, with a choice scientific library, and an extensive collection of minerals and collec- tions in various branches of natu- ral history ; a Young Men's associ- ation for mutual improvement, with a large library and extensive reading room, and a select cabinet of curiosities ; 20 hotels and ta- verns, 23 commission houses, 34 importing houses, and 400 dry goods, groceries and other stores, 14 lumber yards, 4 cotton facto- ries, I woollen factory, 10 flouring and plaster mills, 1 saw mill, 1 pa- per mill, 2 extensive iron rolling and slitting mills, 4 furnaces, 3 fulling mills, 7 tanneries, several large factories of boots and shoes, 3 breweries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 5 stage coach, railroad car, carriage and wagon factories, 4 printing of- fices, 5 hat and fur cap factories, 2 steam planing mills, 1 brush fac- tory, 3 looking glass and picture frame factories, a large number of tin, sheet iron, stove, chair and ca- binet factories, besides factories and work shops of almost every de- scription. Here are owned about 60 masted vessels, 3 large passage steamboats of the first class, 2 smaller steam passage boats and 5 steam tow boats with 22 barges, which ply between Troy and New- York, transporting annually an im- mense amount of produce and mer-
399
TROY CITY.
chandise. Four lines of passage and freight boats run on the Cham- plain canal from Troy ; a line of packet schooners run from this place to Boston and other eastern ports ; a line of canal packets to Whitehall, and lines of daily sta- ges run to Whitehall and Benning- ton, Vt., and to Brattleboro, Vt., and Boston. The water power at Troy is immense, and a large por- tion of it still unoccupied. With- in the limits of the city and about a mile east of the Hudson, a tunnel has been excavated by Mr. Benj. Marshall, extending from the Po- estenkill a distance of about 800 feet, and gives a fall of 180 feet .- Several large mills and factories to be supplied with water from this fall, are now in the progress of erection. Near the northern boun- dary of the city a dam has been built across the Hudson, by the state, which here makes a fall of ll} feet and creates an incalcula- ble amount of hydraulic power .- This place is abundantly supplied with wholesome water, brought from the Piscawin creek through large iron pipes, with hydrants at the corners of the streets. The re- servoir is situated in the north part of the city, about half a mile east of the Hudson, and is about 90 feet above the tide waters of the river. The water is carried by the force of its head above the highest hou- ses in the city, and is used for do- mestic purposes as well as for ex- tinguishing fires.
The Rensselaer and Saratoga railroad commences at this place, crossing the Hudson river by a sub- stantial bridge 1650 feet in length, to Green island ; thence it contin- ues north across several branches of the Mohawk river to Waterford; following the valley of the Hudson until it reaches Mechanicsville, where it diverges to the west and continues to the village of Ballston Spa, a distance of 24 miles, and
unites with the Saratoga and Sche- nectady railroad. A railroad is also in progress from Troy to Sche- nectady, a distance of 20 miles, and will be extended to Greenbush, on the east side of the Hudson ri- ver, opposite Albany ; there to connect with the Albany and West Stockbridge railroad, which, when completed, will make a direct rail- road communication from Troy to Boston, and furnish a line of rail- roads from Boston to Buffalo .- There is also a macadamised road already finished from Troy to Ben- nington, Vt. a distance of about 26 miles. Troy is connected with the village of West Troy, in Albany co., which has risen into impor- tance within a few years, by means of a commodious bridge and two ferries crossing the Hudson river. The city of Troy has long been celebrated for its beauty and health- iness. The streets are laid out at right angles, are generally wide, re- markable for their cleanliness, and planted with beautiful, and in the hot season, most grateful forest and shade trees. From mounts Ida on the east and Olympus on the north, an extensive and charming pros- pect is presented, embracing a view of the valley of the Hudson for miles, the city of Albany, the vil- lages of West Troy, Lansingburgh, Waterford and Cohoes, and the Co- hoes falls ; a landscape presenting more beauty and a greater variety of scenery, can hardly be imagined. From the elevations just mention- ed, the eye rests at once, as on a map spread out before it, on city and village teeming with life and activity; the broad Hudson rolling on in majesty to the ocean, and bearing on its bosom fleets of boats and vessels-a long extent of the Erie canal, itself no common stream, floating to market the pro- ducts of the west-railroads, over which are passing with lightning speed, multitudes in pursuit of bu-
400
TRUMANSBURGH-TUPPER'S LAKE.
siness or pleasure-on woodlands | about S00 inhabitants, 125 dwelling and cultivated fields harmoniously houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church; 3 taverns, 7 stores ; a female seminary; 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, 2 carriage factories, 1 furnace, and 1 card- ing and cloth dressing establish- ment. blended-and on a western horizon of undulating highlands, which to- wards the south, blend with the famed Catskill mountains, lift- ing their giant heads to the clouds.
In June, 1820, Troy was visited with a most destructive and deso- lating fire, which in a short time consumed the wealthiest and most important section of the city. The calamity for a while was depress- ing and filled the hearts of its citi- zens with despondency. But their accustomed energy soon returned, " and before the close of the fol- lowing season the desolations were repaired, and Troy rose from its ashes, beautified in its appearance, invigorated in its enterprise, and the value of its property increas- ed." Troy has attained its pre- sent elevation and commercial importance, by the industry, enter- prise and united actions of its citi- zens. Its early settlers were some of the hardy and industrious sons of New-England; who had been schooled in New-England habits ; were inured to toil and accustomed to labor; enterprising, moral and intelligent ; and who had their own fortunes to build up in the world. By prudence, by unwearied perse- verance, by constant activity and untiring vigilance, in opposition to many natural disadvantages and of powerful neighbors, they succeed- ed in giving prosperity and conse- quence to what has become one of of the most important commercial and manufacturing places on the Hudson river. And so long as the taste, sagacity and energy, for which it has heretofore been dis- tinguished, continue, it will be re- garded as one of the most beauti- ful, enterprising and business-like cities in the Union.
TRUMANSBURGH, V. and p. o. Ulysses, Tompkins co. contains
TRUXTON, t. Cortland co. situ- ated 12 miles north-east of the vil- lage of Cortland, and distant 131 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,658 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating ; soil, calcareous gravel and argillaceous mould ;- drained south by the Tioughnioga river. Truxton and Cuyler's are names of post offices.
TRUXTON, V. and p. o. Trux- ton, Cortland co. contains about 300 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 1 tavern, 4 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 2 sash factories, 1 furnace and 1 tannery.
TUBBSVILLE, V. Woodhull, Steuben co. is situated on the Tus- carora creek ; it contains about 125 inhabitants, 25 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 grist mill and 2 saw mills.
TULLY,t. Onondaga co. situated 16 miles south of the village of Sy- racuse, and distant 128 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,663 inhabitants. The surface is mostly level; soil, clay loam, well adapt- ed to grass ; drained north by On- ondaga creek, and south by the head branches of the Tioughmoga river, which take their rise in two or three small lakes. Tully, Tully Valley and Vesper, are names of post offices.
TULLY, V. and p. o. Tully, On- ondaga co. contains about 300 in- habitants, 45 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores and 1 grist mill.
TUPPER'S LAKE, lies in the south-west part of Franklin county ; it is 6 miles long and 2 miles wide; abounding in trout and other fish
401
-
TUNANGWANT-ULSTER.
of different kinds, for which the | rian and Baptist house of worship, waters in this part of the state are together with an English school at- tached. celebrated.
TUNANGWANT, p. o. Cattarau- gus co.
TURIN, t. Lewis co. situated 6 miles south of the village of Martinsburgh and distant 121 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,704 inhabitants. The sur- face is rolling ; soil, fertile loam, mostly well cultivated ; drained by several small streams flowing into Black river, which bounds it on the east. Turin and Houseville are names of post offices.
TURIN, V. and p. o. Turin, Lewis co. is situated on a tributary of Black river; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metho- dist church, 2 taverns, 6 stores, 2 grist mills, 2 saw mills, 1 woollen factory and 1 tannery.
TUSCARORA, p. o. Sparta, Liv- ingston co.
TUSCARORA CREEK, rises in Steuben co. and flows east, empty- ing into the Canisteo river.
TUSCARORA CREEK, of Ni- agara co. rises in the Tuscarora re- servation, and flows north-east into Lake Ontario.
TUSCARORA INDIAN SET- TLEMENT, Lewiston, Niagara co. is located about 3 miles east of the village of Lewiston ; here are con- gregated about 300 Indians, the remnant of a once powerful tribe, who about 70 years ago emigrated to this state from North Carolina, and united with the confederaey of the five nations, which altogether formed the six nations of Indians, celebrated in the early history of this part of the country. Here is a missionary station and a Presbyte- mill and I tannery.
TUTHILL, p. o. Shawangunk, Ulster co .; here are located 2 ta- verns, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, l'ful- ling mill and a number of dwelling houses.
TWAALFSKILL. See Wilbur.
TWELVE MILE CREEK, ri- ses in the south part of Yates coun- ty, and flows into Steuben, where it empties into the Conhocton ri- ver.
TWENTY MILE CREEK, ri- ses in Chautauque county, and flows south-west into Pennsylvania, where it empties into Lake Erie.
TWO SISTERS CREEK, rises in Erie county, and flows west in- to Lake Erie.
TYRE, t. Seneca co. situated 8 miles north-east of the village of Waterloo, and distant 171 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,506 inhabitants. The surface is level ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam; drained by the Clyde river flowing into Seneca river, which bounds it on the east. Tyre, is the name of a post office.
TYRONE, t. Steuben co. situa- ted 16 miles north-east of the vil- lage of Bath, and distant 204 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,122 inhabitants. The surface is hilly; soil, clay and calcareous loam, well adapted for grain ;- drained south by Mud creek. Ty- rone, Pine Grove and Tobahanna, are names of post offices.
TYRONE, V. and p. o. Tyrone, Steuben co. contains about 250 in- habitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 6 stores, 1 grist
ULSTER COUNTY, originally organized in 1683, is centrally dis- tant 60 miles south from the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by Greene county, east by the Hudson river, south by Orange county, and west by the counties of Sullivan and Delaware. The surface of this county is varied ; on the north-west lie the Catskill range of moun-
26
402
ULSTER.
tains, while the Shawangunk mountain covers a portion of the south .- The vallies of the Rondout, Wallkill and Esopus creeks are extensive and very fertile; the soil of the uplands, where not too rugged, are also rich and well adapted to grazing. The Rondout, flowing into the Hud- son river, which bounds this county on the east, is an important stream; it receives in its course the Shawangunk creek and Wallkill, besides several other tributaries. The Esopus creek rises in the north-west part of the county, and after a circuitous route empties into the Hud- son in the town of Saugerties ; all of the above streams afford valuable water power. Although the mineral productions of this county are not numerous, some of them are of great importance ; this is particularly the case with the water limestone, of which immense deposits are found along the Rondout and on the line of the Hudson and Delaware canal. There are several localities of marl, and lead ore has long been known to exist in Shawangunk mountains, within the limits of the county .- There are also several sulphur springs of some celebrity. The Dela- ware and Hudson canal terminates at the village of Eddyville on the Rondout, which stream is from thence navigable to the Hudson, a dis- tance of about 3 miles. Its area is about 1,096 square miles, or 701,- 500 acres.
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