USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 46
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The following is an analysis of the water of the Rosendale Sulphur Spring, by Dr. J. R. Chilton. One gallon of the water contains :
Grains.
Chloride of Sodium, .. 53.54
Magnesium, . . 2.50
Carbonate of Magnesia, ... 2.57
Lime,. .. 9.46
Sulphate of Lime, .... ..
1.33
Magnesia, .... 5.34
Soda, .. ... 7.68
Hydro-sulphuret of Sodium, 2.10
84.52
Sulphuretted Hydrogen,. 12.06
Carbonic Acid, ยท 14.00
Cubic Inches,. 26.06 ROSEVELT p. o. Schroeppel, Oswego co.
in which is situated a long body of water called Yellow lake. Iron and lead ore, of the finest qualities, are both found here in great abun- dance. Rossie and Somerville are names of post offices.
ROSSIE, V. and p. o. Rossie, St. Lawrence co. is situated on Indian river, near the head of Black lake. It is a scattered manufacturing set- tlement containing about 800 in- habitants, 100 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, and 6 stores and groceries. This place is celebrated for its val- uable and inexhaustible lead mines. Here are in operation three differ- ent mining companies, which, since their commencement in 1837, have produced and sent to market a large amount of lead of the pu- rest quality. Here are also located an extensive furnace and forge, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 iron foun- dery and machine shop. In regard to the lead mines at this place, a writer remarks :- The Rossie Lead Mines in St. Lawrence county have been traced 15 miles, varying in width from six inches to two feet, lying in a fissure of rock in a solid mass. From the place where the mining has been partially com- menced, the vein has been traced both ways, one leading across the St. Lawrence into Canada, about ten miles, and in an opposite direc- tion about five. From its location in the rock, it is evident its depth is very great, sufficiently so to ren- der its stores inexhaustible. The lead is of prime quality, as indica- ted by the specimen already men- tioned. The mine on Cole Hill far surpasses any other discovered. The surface of the mine has been laid bare for a considerable dis- tance ; bounded on either side by granite rock. Within these gran- ite walls the mineral was undoubt- edly cast in a fused state, filling the fractured crevices in the rocky
ROSSIE, t. St. Lawrence co. situated 25 miles south-west of the village of Canton, and distant 178 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,553 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating and somewhat broken ; soil, mostly loam of good quality, resting on lime, granite and sandstone. It is drained by the Oswegatchie river, which here takes a short circuit, and forms what is called the Oxbow. Indian | sides, demonstrating that it was
350
ROSSVILLE-RUSH.
poured there when a fluid. The | the Canada line, where is a con- mine is a source of inexhaustible venient steamboat landing. It con- tains about 100 inhabitants, 20 dwelling houses, 1 methodist church, 1 tavern and 3 stores. A short distance north of this place, stands the site of a fort commenced by the United States government, during the last war with Great Brit- ain, which was found to be in Can- ada, having been placed a few rods over the line ; it now presents a di- lapidated appearance. wealth, and is regarded by Geolo- gists as an anomaly in the mineral kingdom, and also a great natural curiosity. It presents attractions not inferior to the Falls of Niagara. The latter is a cataract of water ; but the former is equally so of lead; for the pure, bright Galena pours over the lofty brow of Cole Hill, streaming down the high rocky de- clivity into the deep ravine below."
ROSSVILLE, V. and p. o. West- field, Richmond co. is situated on Staten Island Sound. It contains 1 hotel, 2 stores, 2 carriage manu- factories, and some 12 or 15 dwell- ing houses. Steamboats land here daily, passing to and from New- York ; here is a ferry to the Jersey shore, formerly known as the Old Blazing Star Ferry.
ROTTERDAM, t. Schenectady co. situated 4 miles west of the city of Schenectady, and distant 18 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,284 inhabitants. The surface is rolling ; soil, sandy loam and alluvion, mostly very produc- tive ; watered by the Mohawk riv- er, which bounds it on the north. Rotterdam and West Rotterdam are names of post offices.
ROUND LAKE, situated in the town of Malta, Saratoga co. is a small body of water, abounding in perch, pickerel and other fish.
ROUND LAKE, lies in the town of Lake Pleasant, Hamilton co. This is a handsome sheet of water, connected by an outlet of half a mile in length, with Lake Pleas- ant, which latter lake gives the name to the town. It is surround- ed by a fine region of country, and abounds with trout and other fish, and is much resorted to by the an- gler and sportsman.
ROUSE'S POINT, V. and p. o. Champlain, Clinton co. is situated on the west side of Lake Cham- plain, about half a mile south of
ROXBURY, t. Delaware co. sit- uated 20 miles east of the village of Delhi, and distant 63 miles from Albany, contained in 1840, 3,013 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, sandy loam, mostly arable and very pro- ductive in the valleys ; drained south by the Papacton branch of the Delaware river. Roxbury and Moresville are names of post offices.
ROYALTON, t. Niagara co. sit- uated 8 miles east of the village of Lockport, and distant 269 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,549 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, calcareous loam of good quality ; watered by the Tonawanda creek, which bounds it on the south. Royalton, Royalton Centre, South Royalton and Mid- dleport are names of post offices. Gasport is the name of a settlement on the line of the Erie canal, where are situated some inflammable springs.
RUSH, t. Monroe co. situated 12 miles south of the city of Roches- ter, and distant 229 miles from Al- bany, contained in 1840, 1,929 in- habitants. The surface is undula- ting ; soil, excellent quality, pro- ducing large crops of wheat and other grain ; drained by Honeoye creek flowing into the Genesee riv- er, which bounds it on the west. Rush and West Rush are names of post offices.
RUSH, V. and p. o. Rush, Mon- roe co. is situated on Honeoye
351
RUSHFORD-SABBATH DAY POINT.
creek. It contains about 200 in- |inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, 1 habitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist mill and 1 saw mill. church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 flour- ing mill, 1 carding machine, 1 saw RUTHERSVILLE, p. o. Madrid, St. Lawrence co. mill and 1 ashery.
RUSHFORD, t. Allegany co. sit- uated 15 miles north-west of the village of Angelica, and distant 270 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,512 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, clay loam and gravelly mould, well adapted to grass ; drained east by Cold creek.
RUSHFORD, V. and p. o. Rush- ford, Allegany co. contains about 700 inhabitants, 90 dwelling hou- ses, 2 churches, 3 taverns, 8 stores, 1 grist mill and 2 saw mills.
RUSHVILLE, V. and p. o. Gor- ham and Potter, Ontario and Yates cos. is situated on a stream called West river ; it contains about 500 inhabitants, 90 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, an academy, 2 taverns, 8 stores, 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill and 2 furnaces.
RUSSELL, t. St. Lawrence co. situated 10 miles south of the vil- lage of Canton, and distant 203 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,373 inhabitants. The sur- face is somewhat uneven ; soil, sandy and clay loam, well adapted for grazing ; drained north by Grass river. Russell, is the name of a post office, where is a small village in which is located a state arsenal.
RUSSIA, t. Herkimer co. situa- ted 16 miles north of the village of Herkimer, and distant 94 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,298 inhabitants. The surface is high and hilly ; soil, sandy loam and clay, well adapted to grass ; drained south by West Canada creek. Russia, Coldbrook, Po- land and Postville are names of post offices.
RUSSIA, V. and p. o. Russia, Herkimer co. contains about 200
RUTLAND, t. Jefferson co. situ- ated 6 miles east of the village of Watertown, and distant 154 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,090 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, loam of excel- lent quality, underlaid by lime- stone ; drained west by Sandy creek, and on the north by Black river. In this town and vicinity, are numerous remains of Indian fortifications, of much interest to the antiquarian. Rutland, Black River, Felt's Mills and Tylerville, are names of post offices.
RUTLEDGE, V. Conewango, Cattaraugus co. is situated on the line of the New-York and Erie Railroad ; it now contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Presbyterian church, 2 ta- verns, 3 stores and 1 saw mill.
RYE, t. Westchester co. situa- ted 6 miles south east of the vil- lage of White Plains, and distant 157 miles from Albany ; contain- ed in 1840, 1,803 inhabitants. The surface is uneven and stony ; soil, clay loam ; drained on the east by Byram river, and on the west by Blind brook, both flowing into Long Island Sound, which bounds it on the south. Rye and Port Chester are names of post offices.
RYE, V. and p. o. Rye, West- chester co. situated 1 mile north of Long Island Sound, contains about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, an acade- my, 2 taverns and 3 stores.
SABBATH DAY POINT, lies in the town of Hague, Warren co. on the west side of Lake George, 24 miles north of the village of Cald- well. It takes its name from the circumstance of some English troops landing here on the Sab-
352
SABLE RIVER-SAILOR'S SNUG HARBOR
bath, during the old French war, and fell in a sanguinary conflict with a party of Indians.
SABLE RIVER. See Au Sa- ble, Great and Little.
SADAQUADA, OR SAQUOIT CREEK, rises in the town of Paris, and empties into the Mohawk ri- ver about one mile below the vil- lage of Whitesboro, all in Oneida SACANDAGA RIVER, rises in Hamilton co. ; its head branches being outlets to several small lakes, the largest of which are Piseco lake, Round lake and Lake Plea- county. This is one of the most important mill streams of its size in the state ; on its banks are seve- ral large villages and manufactur- ing establishments, and it affords sant. The main stream flows in a | hydraulic power sufficient to pro- circuitous easterly direction, through the north.east angle of Ful- ton county, and across Saratoga county, emptying into the Hudson river in the town of Hadley, oppo- site the village of Luzerne.
SACKETT'S HARBOR, V. and p. o. Houndsfield, Jefferson co. is situated on Black River Bay, near the foot of Lake Ontario. This is one of the best and most secure harbors on the lake, and was an important naval station during the last war with Great Britain. The village was incorporated in 1814, and now contains about 2,000 in- habitants, 300 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 1 banking house, 4 hotels, 24 stores and groceries, 4 forwarding houses, a ship yard and a rope walk. Here are located 1 flouring mill, 3 saw mills, 2 furna- ces, 1 machine shop, 1 plaster mill, and 1 tannery, most of which are propelled by water power fur- nished by means of an hydraulic ca- nal, extending from Black river near the village of Watertown, to this place, a distance of about 12 miles. This is also an important military station, being distant from the city of Albany 185 miles, and 35 miles from Kingston, the capi- tal of Canada ; the U. States gov- ernment have here erected 3 ex- tensive stone barracks, a hospital, a commissary's store-house, a guard house and other buildings, enclosed by pickets ; they were erected in 1814, and are known as the Madison Barracks.
pel an immense amount of ma- chinery, including some of the lar- gest cotton factories in the state, also several extensive flouring mills and other manufacturing establish- ments.
SAG HARBOR, V. and p. o. East Hampton and South Hamp- ton, Suffolk co. is situated on a bo- dy of water of the same name, ly- ing between Gardiner's and Great Peconic bay; it was incorporated in 1803, and now contains about 3,500 inhabitants, 500 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Metho- dist, 1 Roman Catholic and 1 Afri- can church, 8 hotels and taverns, 35 stores and groceries, 1 grist mill 2 windmills, and a dry dock for repairing vessels. Here are owned 33 ships engaged in the whaling business, which constitutes the principal trade of this place ; the ships are fitted out here, and the return cargoes find a market in the city of New-York, and other ports. Besides the above whale ships, there are also owned in Sag Harbor, some 6 or 8 sloops en- gaged in the coasting trade .- Considerable quantities of salt are manufactured in this vicinity, by evaporation of sea water in the open air.
SAILOR'S SNUG HARBOR, Castleton, Richmond co. is situa- ted on the north side of Staten Is- land, facing the " Kill Van Kull," a continuation of Staten Island Sound. This noble, charitable in- stitution, was founded by the testa- ment of Capt. Robert R. Randall,
353
ST. ANDREWS-ST. LAWRENCE.
who died in 1801, bequeathing a : SAINT JOHN'S COLLEGE .- large landed estate in the city of See Fordham.
New-York, the income of which,
state authority, have erected a large and splendid edifice, consist- ing of a centre building and two extensive wings, two stories in height besides the basement ;- showing a marble front of 225 feet, attached to which is a farm of 160 acres of land. The remains of the donor are deposited in front of the above main building, over which has been erected an appropriate monument. Upwards of one
hundred aged and disabled sailors, now find here a safe re- treut, free from the cares and storms of life.
SAINT ANDREWS, p. o. Mont- gomery, Orange co.
SAINT HELENA, p. o. Mount Morris, Livingston co.
SAINT JOHNSVILLE, t. Mont-
was to be expended in supporting gomery co. situated 18 miles west aged and disabled sailors. This of the village of Fonda, and dis- institution, which is under the di- tant 62 miles from Albany ; con- rection of trustees appointed by the tained in 1840, 1,923 inhabitants. The surface is undulating and in some places hilly ; soil, of good quality ; drained by East Canada and Zimmerman's creek, flowing into the Mohawk river, which bounds it on the south.
SAINT JOHNSVILLE, V. and p. o. St. Johnsville, Montgomery co. is situated on the north side of the Mohawk river, on the line of the Utica and Schenectady rail- road ; it contains about 250 in- habitants, 35 dwelling houses, 1 church, 3 taverns, 2 stores, 2 grist mills, 2 saw mills, 1 extensive tan- nery, 1 sash factory, 1 forge and furnace, 1 carding machine and 1 fulling mill. An extensive stone quarry is situated a short distance east of this place.
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY, taken from Oneida in 1802, is cen- trally distant 205 miles north-west from the city of Albany ; it is bound- ed on the north-west by the St. Lawrence river which separates it from Canada, east by Franklin county, south by the counties of Hamilton and Herkimer, and south-west by Lewis and Jefferson counties. This county bordering on the St. Lawrence river, for a distance of 75 miles, and extending from thirty to forty miles east into the interior, is agree- ably diversified ; rising into gentle swells with broad vallies and exten- tensive tracts of champain.
The soil is mostly of good quality ; be- ing warm, rich and productive. The south-eastern part of the county is hilly and mountainous ; being in part covered with the Clinton or Adirondack range of mountains, abounding with iron ore and other minerals. Most of this latter part of the county is an unsettled wilder- ness, covered with a large growth of timber. Although the largest county in the state in territory, it is abundantly watered and susceptible of sustaining a large population. The principal streams, having a northerly course and falling into the St. Lawrence, are St. Regis, Rack- et, Grass, Oswegatchie and Indian rivers, with their numerous tributa- ries. These streams afford some inland navigation for vessels of a light burthen, and a great amount of hydraulic power ; most of which is still unoccupied. Black Lake, an expansion of Indian river, is a fine sheet of water ; it extends from near Rossie to the Oswegatchie river, a distance of 20 miles, and is about 2 miles wide ; besides which there are several other small lakes. In the town of Canton, a natural ca- nal of 6 miles in length, connects the waters of the Oswegatchie and Grass rivers ; it is from 30 to 80 yards wide, and is boatable. The St.
23
354
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.
Lawrence river, the outlet of all the great western lakes, affords a good steamboat and sloop navigation from Lake Ontario to the village of Og- densburgh, a distance of about 60 miles, with scarcely any percepti- ble current ; from Ogdensburgh to Montreal, there are many rapids, the current strong, and the navigation difficult and dangerous, even for boats propelled by oars. In mineral productions this county may be placed at the head of the list, although but partially explored. The most important mineral at present known, is lead ore, which occurs in various places, but which is obtained in large quantities only in the vi- cinity of the village of Rossie. These mines are of great interest to the mineralogist, in consequence of the perfection and beauty of the crys- tals of galena, and of the accompanying minerals. The deposits of iron ore are said to be truly astonishing ; the magnetic kind, though less common, is found in several places and is of a good quality ; spe- cular ore is the most abundant, and bog ore is found in various parts. Marble is also here found in abundance, and of superior quality. The Ogdensburgh and Lake Champlain Ruilroad, is a projected work of great importance ; it is intended to extend from the St. Lawrence river at Ogdensburgh, to Plattsburgh or some other point on Lake Cham- plain. A survey embracing two lines, has been made, and the project rendered feasible, which when completed will greatly benefit the whole northern region of our state, and be a great arm of defence to this part of our exposed frontier. The area of this county is about 2,717 square miles, or 1,738,500 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in St. Lawrence county, with the population in 1840. In 1841, a new town was formed by the name of Macomb, taken from Governeur and Morristown.
Brasher,
2,118 | Massena, 2,726
CANTON,
3,465
Morristown, . 2,809
De Kalb,
1,531
Norfolk,. 1,728
De Peyster
1,074
Oswegatchie, 5,719
Edwards,
956
Parishville, 2,250
Fowler,
1,752
Pierrepont, 1,430
Governeur, Hammond, 1,845
2,538
Pitcairn, 396
Potsdam,
4,473
Hermon, 1,271
Rossie,
1,553
Hopkinton,
1,147
Lawrence, 1,845
Lisbon,.
3,508
Louisville,
1,693
Madrid,
4,511
Russell,
1,373
Stockholm,
2,995
Total inhabitants, 56,706
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, form- Montreal the distance is 80 miles further ; the current strong, and the navigation difficult and rather dangerous, even for boats moved with oars or propelled by steam ; a canal, however, is being construct- ed on the Canada side, of sufficient capacity to admit steamboats of a moderate draft of water, around the most dangerous rapids. From ing a part of the north-west boun- dary of this state, the outlet of the great chain of western lakes, is by far the greatest stream of water that lies within or touches our con- fines. From Cape Vincent or Kingston, at the embouchment from Lake Ontario, to the northern boundary of the United States is about 100 miles, from thence to | Montreal to Quebec, 180 miles, it
355
ST. PAULS COLLEGE-SALINA. '
is navigable for ships of 600 tons burthen, though the tide only reaches up as far as Three Rivers, 90 miles below Montreal, being about 500 miles above the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Ogdensburgh, in St. Lawrence county, is situated at the foot of sloop navigation on this river, distant 60 miles from Lake Ontario. The descent from Kingston or Ogdensburgh, where the current first becomes percepti- ble is 231 feet, to where it meets the tide waters of the Atlantic. It contains numerous islands, some of considerable size ; a part of the Thousand Islands, Isle Au Gallop, Isle Au Rapid Plat, Lower Long Sault Island, and Barnhart's Island, belonging to this state, are sepa- rately described.
SAINT PAUL'S COLLEGE. See College Point.
SAINT REGIS RIVER, rises in Franklin county, and flows in a north-west direction through a part of St. Lawrence county, when it empties into the St. Lawrence ri- ver, after passing through the north- west angle of Franklin county ; its mouth being situated a few miles within the Canada line.
SALEM, t. Washington county, contains a part of the county build- ings, situated in the village of the same name, this being a half shire town ; it is distant 46 miles from the city of Albany, and con- tained in 1840, 2,855 inhabitants. The surface is undulating and hil- ly; soil, sandy and clay loam, mostly under a high state of culti- vation; drained by Black and White creeks, which empty into the Battenkill, all of which are good mill streams. Salem, East Salem and Shushan are names of post offices.
SALEM, V. and p. o. Salem, Washington county, is handsomely situated in a valley, through which flows White creek; it was incor- porated in 1803, and now contains
about 700 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses ; a court-house and jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Scotch Presby- terian church; the Washington academy, an old and flourishing institution; 3 taverns, 5 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 furnace and 1 ma- chine shop. This village is sur- rounded by a rich and highly cultivated region of country, pro- ducing abundant crops of grain and raising large numbers of sheep ; it is also celebrated as a mart for the purchase and sale of wool.
SALEM, V. Portland, Chautau- que co. contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 tavern, 1 grist mill, 1 tannery, and about 30 dwelling houses.
SALEM CENTRE, p. o. North Salem, Weschester co.
SALEM CROSS ROADS, P. O. Portland, Chautauque co.
SALINA, t. Onondaga co. con- tains the county buildings located in the village of Syracuse, and is distant 133 miles from Albany ; it contained in 1840, 11,013 inhabi- tants, being the most populous town in the state. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay and gravelly loam, underlaid by lime, gypsum and sandstone. It is drained by Onondaga creek and some other small streams flowing into Onon- daga lake, and contains the most celebrated salt springs in the state, which are separately described un- der the head of Onondaga Salt Springs. Geddes, Liverpool, Sa- lina and Syracuse are names of post offices, and are all flourishing incorporated villages.
SALINA, V. and p. o. Salina, Onondaga county, is situated on the east end of Onondaga lake; it was incorporated in 1824, and now contains about 2,600 inhabitants, 350 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyte- rian, 1 Roman Catholic and 1 Me- thodist church; 1 banking house, 4 taverns, 20 stores and groceries ; 1 large flouring mill propelled by
356
SALISBURY-SALMON RIVER.
the surplus waters of the Oswego tannery and 30 or 40 dwelling canal, 2 saw mills, and 1 mill for houses. sawing staves; an extensive ma- SALISBURY, V. and p. o. Salis- bury, Herkimer co. lies about 7 miles east of north from Little Falls ; it contains about 250 inha- bitants, 40 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 3 dry goods stores, and 2 taverns ; an extensive bed of rich magnetic iron ore has lately been discovered about 3 miles north of this place. chine shop and furnace propelled by steam power, where are manu- factured steam engines and other fine castings. The village of Sa- lina has long been celebrated for its valuable saline springs. Here are now yearly manufactured large quantities of fine salt, which finds a ready market in this and the western states, and Canada. In SALISBURY MILLS, p. o. Bloomingrove, Orange co. Here are situated 1 tavern, 3 stores, 1 paper mill, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 plaster mill, 1 tannery and about 25 dwelling houses. 1840, here was manufactured 1,107,825 bushels of fine salt, be- ing nearly one-half of all the salt manufactured in the town of Sa- lina. The salt springs are owned by the state, under the charge of SALMON CREEK, p. o. Sodus, Wayne co. a superintendent and inspector, from which a large amount of re- venue is annually derived. Salt has been made in the town of Sa- lina from a very early period, by the white inhabitants, and still ear- lier by the native Indians, in a small way for their own use. The earliest account on record of the manufacture to any extent, was in the year 1787, at which time there was established a manufactory in which was made ten bushels a day. From that period the manufacture has rapidly increased, keeping pace with the demand required by the unprecedented settlement of the country.
SALISBURY, t. Herkimer co. situated 15 miles north-east of the village of Herkimer, and distant 71 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,859 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountainous, with some broad valleys; soil, sandy and clay loam, well adapted to grass; drained on the east by East Canada creek, and on the west by some tributaries of West Canada creek. Salisbury and Salisbury Centre are names of post offices. The latter is situated on Spruce creek, where are located 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 |riously estimated at from 70 to 90
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