USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 48
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SCHAGHTICOKE POINT, V. Schaghticoke, Rensselaer co. is a | brought into use.
situated in the romantic valley of the Hoosick river, 4 miles east of the Hudson. It contains about 1,400 inhabitants, 175 dwelling houses, 3 churches, several select schools, 2 public houses and six stores. Here are 2 cotton facto- ries containing 6,000 spindles and 150 looms ; an extensive linen fac- tory, for the manufacture of flax and hemp into canvass, bagging, . &c. ; also, an establishment for manufacturing powder kegs by water power ; 1 machine shop, 1 extensive grist mill, I saw mill, and 1 clothier's works, together with 2 extensive powder mills in the immediate neighborhood. This place is surrounded by a highly improved district of country, and is noted for the extent and value of its available water power ; the fall of the waters of the Hoosick, with- in half a mile, is about 100 feet ; not a tenth part of the hydraulic power here afforded, has yet been
SCHENECTADY COUNTY, taken from Albany in 1809, is cen- trally distant 20 miles west from the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by the counties of Montgomery and Saratoga, east by Sara- toga and Albany, south by Albany, and west by Schoharie and Mont- gomery counties. The surface is diversified and the soil various ;- there are extensive alluvial flats in the valley of the Mohawk, which are exceedingly rich and fertile. Of minerals very few have hitherto been found in this county ; the only useful ore discovered, is bog iron ore. It is watered by the Mohawk river, parallel to which, on the south side, extends the Erie Canal. The Mohawk and Hudson and the Schenectady and Troy railroads, here unite with the Utica and Schenectady railroad. The Saratoga and Schenectady railroad also commences at this place, and extends north to Saratoga Springs. Its area is about 200 square miles, or 125,000 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Schenectady county, with the population in 1840.
Duanesburgh,
3,357 | Rotterdam, 2,284
Glenville,.
3,068
SCHENECTADY, 6,784
Niskayuna, 693
Princetown,.
1,201
SCHENECTADY CITY, Sche- nectady county, is situated on the south bank of the Mohawk river,
Total inhabitants, 17,387
This is an ancient place, having been settled by the Dutch as early as 1620, for the purpose of trading 15 miles north-west of Albany .- | with the Indians, by whom it was
365
SCHENECTADY.
called Schagh-nac-taa-da, sygnify- ing " beyond the pine plains." --- Feb. 9, 1690, during the old French and Indian wars, it was ta- ken by surprise in the dead of night, sacked and burnt by the Indians, when a great number of its inhabitants were massacred and others taken into captivity. It was chartered in 1798, and in 1840 Contained 6,784 inhabitants, about 1,000 dwelling houses, 3 college buildings attached to Union Col- lege, a city hall and jail, a clerk's and surrogate's office, 1 public market, 1 lyceum, 1 young men's association, 1 female academy, 3 banking houses, 1 savings bank, 1
1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Cameronian, 1 Ro- man Catholic, 1 Universalist and 1 African church ; 15 hotels and ta- verns, 100 stores and groceries ; 1 cotton factory, 2 flouring mills, 2 iron founderies, 1 brewery, 1 to- bacco factory, 1 steam planing mill, 3 tanneries, 2 machine shops and 1 plough and wagon manufac- tory. Here concentrate railroads communicating with Albany, Troy, Saratoga Springs and Utica ;- which, together with the Erie canal passing through the centre of the city, renders this place a great thoroughfare both summer and winter.
Union College, is delightfully si- tuated on an eminence, about half a mile east of the city, it was incor- porated in 1795, and derived its name from the fact that its found- ers were members of different de- nominations, and proposed the ex- tension of its advantages indiscrimi- nately to every faith. It is under the government of 21 trustees, 11 of whom hold their places ex-offi- cio ; being the governor, lieuten- ant governor, chancellor, &c. for the time being, of the state of New- York ; the immediate government is committed to a faculty consist-
ing of the president, 6 professors, and 4 assistant professors. There is a professorship of ancient lan- guages, one of rhetoric and moral philosophy, one of oriental litera- ture, one of mathematics and natu- ral philosophy, one of political economy and intellectual philoso- phy, one of civil polity and histo- ry, one of modern languages, and one of chemistry and natural histo- ry. The president, at this time, is the Rev. Dr. Nott, who has held the same office since 1804, and is supposed to be the oldest presiding officer of any similar institution in this country. The present number of students is about 290. The col- lege year is divided into three terms, and the whole necessary ex- pense to a student, for board, tui- tion, &c. is about $115 annually. A fund has also been established by the state, for the benefit of indi- gent students, whose annual ex pense for instruction and board is about $70. The buildings con- sist of 2 brick and 1 stone edifice, 4 stories in height, containing ac- commodation for the president and professors, and their respective families, 2 chapels, lecture and li- brary rooms, 4 halls for the meet- ing of literary societies,and dormi- tories for students. Attached to the above edifices, are about 250 acres of land, appropriated in part to groves, for recreation and health, the whole being unsurpass- ed, if equalled, for natural beauty and capability for improvement .- The annual commencement takes place on the fourth Wednesday of July, after which, there is a vaca- tion of six weeks.
SCHENECTADY AND TROY RAILROAD; the charter for this road was obtained in 1836, and the work commenced in November, 1840. The length of the road from Troy to its junction with the Utica and Schenectady railroad, at Sche- nectady, is 20 miles, and its esti-
366
SCHENECTADY AND TROY R. R .- SCHODACK.
mated cost $600,000. It runs through the towns of Watervliet and Niskayuna, inclining to the north, running parallel with the Mohawk river. Great expense has been encountered in order to obtain favorable grades and cur- vatures ; some of the cuts and embankments are over 70 feet in depth. The road crosses the Hudson river opposite Troy, by a magnificent bridge of 1,600 feet in length, supported on stone piers, through which there is a draw for the passage of vessels, 60 feet in width. About a quarter of a mile beyond this bridge the road crosses the south branch of the Mohawk river, the Erie canal, and several streets in West Troy, by a continu- ous bridge of 1,150 feet in length, the level of the road being about 20 feet above the surface of the ground. Beyond this there is a heavy em- bankment 3,500 feet in length, and from 15 to 30 feet in height .- There are upwards of one hundred and twenty arch and box culverts on the line of the road. Two road- bridges over and three under the railroad, besides farm bridges and crossings. The masonry is built in a very massive and permanent manner ; the larger structures of blocks, of limestone brought from the town of Amsterdam, a dis- tance of 40 miles, by the Erie canal; and the smaller culverts, of the stone found in the vicinity of the railroad. The whole of the ma- sonry is laid in hydraulic cement. There are also three tunnels on the road cut through slate rock, the longest of which is 250 feet in length, and passes the waters of a tributary of the Mohawk river un- der the railroad. The superstruc- ture is to be laid in the most per- manent manner, such as is adopted on the eastern railroads. This road, it is intended will form the connecting link between the New- England railroads and those of the
western and northern parts of this state. It connects with the Utica and Schenectady and Saratoga and Schenectady railroads at its west- ern extremity, and the Rensselaer and Saratoga railroad at its eastern end; from thence is to be con- structed a branch railroad south, to the village of Greenbush, a dis- tance of 6 miles ; connecting with the Albany and West Stockbridge railroad. The work on this road is now (Jauuary, 1842,) about three-fourths completed, and the entire road it is expected will be opened for use in July next.
SCHLOSSER, Niagara, Niagara co. is a landing on the east side of Niagara river, about one and a half miles above the Falls of Niaga- ra, and opposite the village of Chip- pewa on the Canada side. It has of late become celebrated as be- ing the place where the steamboat Caroline was attacked by a British.1 force, Dec. 29,1837, and destroyed; having been cut adrift and then i set on fire, and suffered to be pre- cipitated over the Falls of Niagara.
SCHODACK, t. Rensselaer co. situated 14 miles south of the city of Troy, and distant 7 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 4,125 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating and hilly ; soil, clay, loam, sand and gravel; drained by two or three small creeks flowing into the Hudson river, which bounds it on the west. Schodack Centre, Scho- dack Landing, South Schodack and Castleton, are names of post offices. At the former there is a small settlement.
SCHODACK LANDING, V. and p. o. Schodack, Rensselaer co. is situated on the east side of the Hudson river, 12 miles below the city of Albany ; it contains about 350 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 2 storehouses and a hay press. Here are owned several sloops, trading with the New-York market.
367
SCHOHARIE-SCHROEPPEL.
SCHOHARIE COUNTY, taken from Albany and Otsego counties in 1795, is centrally distant 40 miles west from the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by Montgomery county, east by the counties of Schenectady and Albany, south by Ulster and Delaware, and west by Otsego county. The surface is hilly, with some portions of a moun- tainous character ; on the east lie the Catskill mountains and the Hel- derberg hills, and on the west is the dividing ridge between the waters that flow into the Mohawk and those which flow west into the Dela- ware and Susquehanna rivers. In the centre is the valley of the Schoha- rie creek, running north and south ; along which, the alluvial flats are very extensive, with a rich soil of loam and vegetable mould. The soil of the uplands is of various qualities, generally better adapted to grass than grain. In this county are several minerals of great interest; there are a number of caverns containing various forms of calcareous spar. Stalactites and stalagmites are often found here of enormous size, and with a structure of great beauty. Water limestone is found in the vicinity of Schoharie court house ; several localities of bog iron exist, but none of them are considered of much importance. Of sul- phur springs, there are several in this county, one of which, in the town of Sharon, is in considerable repute, and is surrounded by an in- teresting region for the geologist. The Schoharie creek, a tributary of the Mohawk, rises in Greene county, and flows northerly through this county. Its area is about 621 square miles, or 397,200 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Schoharie county, with the population in 1840.
Blenheim,
2,725 | Middleburg, 3,843
Broome, 2,404
SCHOHARIE,
5,534
Carlisle, 1,850
Seward, 2,088
Cobleskill, 3,583
Conesville, 1,621
Fulton,. 2,147
Jefferson,
2,033
Total inhabitants,. 32,358
taverns, 4 stores, together with ma- ny kinds of mechanic work shops ; 1 grist mill and 2 or 3 saw mills.
SCHOHARIE CREEK, rises in Greene county, among the Cats- skill mountains, and flows north through the county of Schoharie and a part of Montgomery, where it falls into the Mohawk river .- This is a large and rapid mill stream, receiving in its course se- veral tributaries, all affording more or less water power.
SCHROEPPEL, t. Oswego co. situated 16 miles south-east of the village of Oswego, and distant 150 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,098 inhabitants. The sur-
SCHOHARIE, V. and p. o. Scho- harie, Schoharie co. contains about 450 inhabitants, 60 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Lutheran church, an incor- porated academy, a court house, face is rolling ; soil, sandy loam ; jail and county clerk's office ; 3 |watered by Oneida and Oswego
Sharon,. 2,520
Summit,
2,010
SCHOHARIE, t. Schoharie co. contains the county buildings situa- ted in the village of the same name; it is distant 32 miles from Albany, and contained in 1840, 5,534 in- habitants. The surface is some- what hilly, with extensive valleys, through which flow the Schoharie and Fox creeks ; the flats are very fertile, having long been cultivated, and still yield abundantly. Scho- harie, Central Bridge, Esperance, Gallopsville and Sloansville, are names of post offices. .
368
SCHROON-SCOTCHTOWN.
rivers, which bound it on the south and west. Phoenix and Rosevelt are names of post offices.
SCHROON, t. Essex co. situated 22 miles south of the village of Elizabeth, and distant 95 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,660 inhabitants. The surface on the east and west is mountainous, with an intervening valley of con- siderable extent, dotted with nu- merous lakes and ponds, sending forth the Schroon branch of the Hudson river; soil, mostly sand and sandy loam, with some clay, in general covered with dense fo- rests. £ Schroon Lake, Paradox and Woodwardsville are names of post offices. At the former there is a settlement containing 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 forge, 2 saw mills and several dwelling houses.
SCHROON LAKE, lies partly in Essex county and partly in War- ren county ; it is 10 miles long and from 1 to 2 miles wide, abounding with trout and other kinds of fish. Deer and wild game of different kinds are found on its borders, which on the east is sur- rounded by a dense forest.
SCHROON RIVER, rises in Es- sex county, and flows south into Warren county, where it unites with the main branch of the Hud- son river.
SCHULTZVILLE, p. o. Clinton, Dutchess co.
SCHUYLER, t. Herkimer co. situated 7 miles west of the village of Herkimer, and distant 87 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,798 inhabitants. The surface is hilly, but mostly arable, and very fertile in the valley of the Mohawk river, which stream bounds it on the south. East Schuyler and West Schuyler are names of post offices.
SCHUYLER'S FALLS, p. O. Plattsburgh, Clinton co.
SCHUYLER'S LAKE. See Ca- naderaga.
SCHUYLER'S LAKE, p. o. Ex- eter, Otsego co.
SCHUYLERVILLE, V. and p. o. Saratoga, Saratoga co. is situa- ted on the west side of the Hudson river; it was incorporated in 1831, and now contains about 600 inha- bitants, 90 dwelling houses, 3 churches, 3 taverns, 10 stores of different kinds, and an in- corporated academy in a flourish- ing condition. Here are located on Fish creek, 1 cotton factory, 1. woollen factory, 1 flouring mill, 1 pail factory, 1 iron foundery and 1 machine shop, altogether giving employment to about 200 opera- tives and mechanics.
SCIENCEVILLE, p. o. Wind- ham, Greene co. Here are situa- ted 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, and 20 or 25 dwelling houses.
Scro, t. Allegany co. situated 15 miles south of the village of Angelica, and distant 261 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,156 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, moist clay loam, heavily timbered with pine, hemlock and other forest trees; drained north by the Genesee river. Scio and Wellsville are names of post offices.
SCIPIO, t. Cayuga co. situated 8 miles south of the village of Au- burn, and distant 164 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,255 inhabitants. The surface is slight- ly undulating ; soil, clay, loam and alluvion, very fertile and highly cultivated; drained south and west by streams running into Cayuga lake, and east by creeks flowing into Owasco lake, which lies on its eastern boundary. Scipio, Scipio- ville, Sherwood's Corners and The Square are names of post offices.
SCONONDOAH, p. o. Verona, Oneida co.
SCOTCHTOWN, p. o. Wallkill, Orange co. Here is an agricul-
369
SCOTIA-SENECA.
tural settlement, containing 1 Presbyterian church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwelling houses.
SCOTIA, V. and p. o. Glenville, Schenectady county, is situated on the north side of the Mohawk river, one mile west of the city of Schenectady; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 40 dwelling hou- ses, 2 churches, 2 taverns and 3 stores.
SCOTLAND, p. o. Ramapo, Rockland co.
SCOTT, t. Cortland co. situated 10 miles north of the village of Cortland, and distant 146 miles from Albany; contained in 1940, 1,332 inhabitants. The surface is somewhat broken; soil, argilla- ceous and calcareous loam of good quality ; drained south by some of the head branches of the Tiough- nioga river, and north by the inlet of Skaneateles lake. Scott is the name of a post office.
SCOTTSBURGH, p. o. Sparta, Livingston co.
SCOTTSVILLE, v. and p. o. Wheatland, Monroe co. is situated on Allen's creek, and on the line of the Genesee Valley canal; it con- tains about 500 inhabitants, 80 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church ; 2 taverns, 8 stores and groceries, 2 grist mills, 1 plaster mill, 2 saw mills, 1 clothier's works, 1 distil- lery and 1 ashery.
SCRIBA, t. Oswego county, contains a part of the county buildings, situated in the vil- lage of Oswego ; it is distant 162 miles from Albany, and contained in 1840, 4,051 inhabitants. The surface is somewhat hilly; soil, sandy loam, of middling quality ; drained by several small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the north, while the Oswego river bounds on the west. Scriba is the name of a post office.
SEAMAN'S RETREAT. See Stapleton.
SEARSBURGH, p. o. Hector, Tompkins co.
SEARSVILLE, p. o. Mamaka- ting, Sullivan co.
SEELEYSBURGH, p. o. Napo- li, Cattaraugus co.
SEELEY'S CREEK, P. O. Southport, Chemung co.
SEMPRONIUS, t. Cayuga co. situated 16 miles south-east of the village of Auburn, and distant 156 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,304 inhabitants. The sur- face is rolling; soil, clay loam, underlaid by lime; watered on the north-east by Skaneateles lake, and drained by several small streams flowing north and west. Sempronius is the name of a post office.
SENATE DISTRICTS. See Ci- vil Divisions, in the general article on the state. page 26.
SENECA COUNTY, taken from Cayuga in 1804, is centrally dis- tant 172 miles west from the city of Albany. It is bounded on the north by Wayne county, east by Cayuga, south by Tompkins, and west by Ontario and Yates. The surface of this county is pleasingly diversified ; the land rises gradually from the lakes, which lie on the east and the west, forming hills and vales of great beauty. The soil is mostly a calcareous loam and mould, well adapted to the culture of grain and grass; fruit also flourishes and comes to great perfection. Seneca lake forms a part of the western, and Cayuga lake a part of the eastern boundaries. Across the north portion flows the Seneca river, parallel to which extends the Cayuga and Seneca canal, and the Au- burn and Rochester railroad. Near the village of Seneca Falls are important beds of gypsum, which are extensively worked. There are
24
370
SENECA-SENECA LAKE.
some mineral springs in this county ; the most noted and interesting are near Canoga, from which nitrogen gas is said to be constantly and abundantly evolved. Its area is about 308 square miles, or 197,550 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Seneca county, with the population in 1840.
Covert,
1,563
Seneca Falls, 4,281
Fayette, .
3,731
Tyre, .
1,506
Junius,
1,594
Varick, 1,971
Lodi,
2,236
WATERLOO, 3,036
OVID,
2,721
Romulus,
2,235
Total inhabitants, 24,874
SENECA, t. Ontario co. situated 15 miles east of the village of Ca- nandaigua, and distant 179 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 7,073 inhabitants. The surface is undulating, rising into hills on the south; soil, clay and sandy loam of excellent quality ; drained north by Flint creek, and on the south- east lies Seneca lake. Seneca Castle, Flint Creek, Geneva and Hall's Corners are names of post offices.
SENECA FALLS, t. Seneca co. situated 4 miles east of the village of Waterloo, and distant 167 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 4,281 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, mostly fertile loam; drained by Seneca river, and bounded in part on the east by Cayuga lake. The Cayuga and Seneca canal passes through this town from east to west.
pump manufactories, 1 sash ma- chine, 1 paper mill, 1 axe factory, 1 cloth dressing works, 1 tannery and a boat yard, where are built lake and canal boats. In this neighbor- hood abounds large quantities of plaster or gypsum, which is here ground and sent to different parts of the country. The Cayuga and Seneca canal and the Auburn and Rochester railroad, both passes through this village. The water power afforded by the Seneca out- let is very great; the desent from Seneca to Cayuga lake, a distance of 12 miles being about 75 feet. The stream is abundant, and not subject to freshets, scarcely ever having a rise to exceed two feet; the hydraulic power is great, and is but partially improved. At Se- neca Falls there is a descent of upwards of 40 feet within the dis- tance of one mile. Here are also five locks in the Cayuga and Sene- ca canal, which unites with the Erie canal at Montezuma.
SENECA FALLS, V. and p. o. Seneca Falls, Seneca county, is advantageously situated on both sides of the outlet of Seneca lake; SENECA LAKE, is one of the largest as well as the most beauti- ful of the numerous lakes, which so much adorn western New-York. It extends from south to north 40 miles, and varies in width from 2 to 4 miles. It is very deep, and in consequence is never frozen. The depth is not accurately known, but was found a year or two ago to be about 560 feet about 12 miles above the outlet. The water is very it was incorporated in 1831, and now contains about 3,000 inhabi- tants, 400 dwelling houses, 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist and 1 Roman Catholic church; an incorporated academy in a flourishing condition; 4 hotels and taverns, 20 dry goods and other stores ; 1 cotton factory, 8 flouring mills containing 27 run of stones ; 5 saw mills, 2 plaster mills, 1 distillery, 2 iron founderies, 2 |clear, and at a considerable depth
371
SENECA RIVER-SENNETT
below the surface of course cool; it is sometimes brought up for drinking by letting down a corked bottle, till it reaches a depth at which the pressure of the water forces in the cork, and fills it. The lands about the southern or upper extremity of the lake are high and picturesque; about the northern less elevated, but undula- ting, and covered with the richest crops, with here and there remains of the magnificent primitive forest. The outlet of the lake is at the north-eastern angle, and the dis- charge of water furnishes an ample supply of power to the manufacto- ries of Waterloo and Seneca Falls, which flourishing villages are si- tuated, the former about 6 and the latter 10 miles from the lake. Se- neca lake receives the waters of Crooked lake at Dresden, about 12 miles above Geneva. The outlet of Crooked lake is about 6 miles in length, and the descent to Seneca lake about 270 feet. A canal con- structed along this outlet connects the two lakes. Seneca lake does not so much abound with fish as some of the other lakes, probably in consequence of the depth and coldness of its waters. There are found in it, however, white-fish, pike, pickerel, trout, perch, her- ring, rock-bass, striped-bass, chub, sun-fish, cat-fish, eels, shiners, mullet, &c.
SENECA RIVER, is formed by the outlets of several important lakes, known as the Central Lakes of Western New-York. Seneca lake may be considered the largest, although differing very little in size with Cayuga lake. The out- let of Seneca lake first takes the name of the above river, it then receives the surplus waters of Cayuga lake, and in the course of a few miles unites with Clyde ri- ver, which receives the waters of Canandaigua lake ; thence it pur- sues an easterly direction, receiving
in its course the waters of Owasco lake, Skaneateles lake and several smaller lakes, until it unites with the Oneida river, the outlet of Oneida lake; then the united streams take the name of Oswego river, which pursues a north course until it empties into Lake Ontario at the village of Oswego. These streams although not nagivable for any considerable distance, consti- tute a large and steady volume of water, and afford hydraulic power to an immense extent. On their banks are many thriving villages and large manufacturing establish- ments.
SENECA SETTLEMENTS, OR RESERVATIONS, Erie county, consist of two Reservations ; the Buffalo Creek Reservation is situa- ted east, and adjoining the city of Buffalo; it contains about 50,000 acres of land, and forms a part of the towns of Black Rock, Cheekto- waga, Lancaster, Alden, Wales, Aurora and Hamburgh. Here is a population of about 1,000 Indians; a few are engaged in agriculture, while others spend an idle life in hunting and fishing. The Catta- raugus Creek Reservation is situa- ted on the southern bounds of Erie county, extending in part into Cat- taraugus county. Here are about 600 souls, partly engaged in agricultural pursuits. This latter settlement comprises part of the towns of Brandt and Collins.
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