USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 39
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or river flowing into Croton river, which bounds it on the west. North Salem and Salem Centre are names of post offices.
NORTH SALEM, V. and p. o. North Salem, Westchester co. is a scattered settlement containing about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal and 1 Universalist church ; 2 taverns, 3 stores, I paper mill, 1 grist mill and 1 clothier's works.
NORTH SCIPIO, p. o. Scipio, Cayuga co.
NORTH SHELDEN, p. o. Shel- den, Wyoming co.
NORTH SHORE, p. o. Castle- ton, Richmond co. is situated in the village of Factoryville.
NORTH SPARTA, p. o. Sparta, Livingston co.
NORTH STEPHENTOWN, P. o. Stephentown, Rensselaer co.
NORTH STERLING, p. o. Ster- ling, Cayuga co.
NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Sara- toga co. situated 15 miles north- east of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 36 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,672 inhabi- tants. The surface is mostly level; soil, sandy loam; watered on the east by the Hudson river. North- umberland and Gansevoort are names of post offices ..
NORTHVILLE, p. o. Northamp- ton, Fulton co.
NORTH WEST BAY, lies on the west side of Lake Champlain, in the town of Westport, Essex co.
NORTH WETHERSFIELD, P. o. Wethersfield, Wyoming co.
NORTH WHITE CREEK, V. and p. o. White Creek, Washing- ton county, is pleasantly situated in the valley of "Old Cambridge;" it contains about 500 inhabitants, 70 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 5 stores and 1 carriage factory. In this vicinity are several horticul
296
NORTH WILNA-NUNDA VALLEY.
tural gardens, where are annually | tory, 1 coach lace manufactory, 1 raised large quantities of garden seeds.
NORTH WILNA, p. o. Wilna, Jefferson co.
NORWAY, t. Herkimer co. si- tuated 14 miles north of the village of Herkimer, and distant 79 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,046 inhabitants. The surface is high and hilly ; soil, sand, sandy loam and clay, well adapted to grass ; drained west by tributaries of West Canada creek.
NORWAY, V. and p. o. Norway, Herkimer county, is an agricultu- ral settlement; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 35 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Baptist church ; I tavern and 2 stores.
NORWICH, t. Chenango co. contains the county buildings si- tuated in the village of the same name, and is distant 110 miles from Albany; it contained in 1840, 4,145 inhabitants. The surface is hilly, with a wide valley extending through the town from north to south, through which flows the Chenango river, bordered by fer- tile and highly cultivated flats. The hills are well adapted to gra- zing. Norwich, North Norwich, King's settlement and White Store are names of post offices.
NORWICH, V. and p. o. Nor- wich, Chenango co. is beautifully situated on the west bank of the Chenango river, 110 miles west of the city of Albany. It was incor- porated in 1816, and now contains about 1,500 inhabitants, 200 dwel- houses, a stone court-house and jail, and a brick county clerk's office; 1 banking house, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal and 1 Metho- dist church ; 5 hotels and taverns, 20 stores and groceries, 3 forward- ing houses, 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, 1 tannery, 1 leather mitten and glove factory, 1 oil mill, 1 ful- ling mill, 1 piano forte manufac-
furnace and machine shop, 2 prin- ting offices, several coach and carriage manufactories, besides al- most every other kind of mechanic work shops. The Chenango ca- nal, which passes through the Chenango valley, runs through this place, communicating with the Erie canal at Utica, and with the Susquehanna river at Binghamton. The village of Norwich is sur- rounded by a rich grazing country, abounding in fine horses, neat cat- tle and sheep; large quantities of wool and other produce here find a ready market.
NORWICH, v. Oyster Bay, Queens co. is situated on the road leading from Oyster Bay village to Jericho, at the eastern termination of the North Hempstead and Flush- ing turnpike. It contains about 200 inhabitants, 25 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Methodist church, 1 hotel and 3 stores.
NOWADAGA CREEK, rises in" Warren, Herkimer co. and flows north across the town of Danube, where it empties into the Mohawk river.
NUNDA, t. Allegany co. situa- ted 20 miles north of the village of Angelica, and distant 225 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,637 inhabitants. The surface is . undulating ; soil, argillaceous loam of good quality and well adapted to wheat ; drained by the Canaseraga and Cashaqua creeks. East Hill and Nunda Valley are names of post offices.
NUNDA VALLEY, V. and p. o. Nunda, Allegany co. is situated on the Cashaqua creek; it contains about 1,000 inhabitants, 150 dwel- ling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist and 1 Universalist church ; an academy; 2 taverns, 10 stores, 1 woollen factory, 1 grist. mill, 1 machine shop, 1 furnace and 1 tan- nery. This place is situated on the line of the Genesee Valley Ca-
297
NYACK-OGDENSBURGH.
nal, and is surrounded by a fine fertile country .
NYACK, V. and p. o. Orange- town, Rockland co. is pleasantly situated on the west side of the Hudson river, or Tappan bay. It is a thriving village, containing about 800 inhabitants, 100 dwel- ling houses, 3 churches, 3 taverns, 5 stores, besides the ordinary mc- chanic shops. A steamboat and several sloops arc owned here, car- rying passengers and produce to the New-York market.
NYACK TURNPIKE, p. O. Clarkstown, Rockland co.
OAK CREEK, is the outlet of Canaderaga or Schuyler's Lake; it flows south through the town of Otsego, Otsego county, into the Susquehanna river.
OAKFIELD, p. o. Elba, Gene- see co.
OAKHILL, v. and p. o. Durham, Greene county, is situated on the Catskill creek; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling hou- ses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 tannery, and 1 fur- nace for the manfacture of mallea- ble iron and edge tools.
OAKHILL LANDING, Living- ston, Columbia county. This is a convenient landing, situated on the east side of the Hudson ri- ver, 5 miles south of the city of Hudson.
OAK ISLAND, lies in the Great South Bay of Suffolk county, on the south side of Long Island.
OAKLAND, V. and p. o. Por- tage, Allegany co. is situated on Cashaqua creek; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Methodist meeting house, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 tannery and 1 clothier's works.
OAK NECK, is situated on the north side of Long Island, in the town of Oyster Bay, Queens co.
OAK ORCHARD, p. o. Ridge- way, Orleans co.
OAK ORCHARD CREEK, rises in Genesee county, and flows north through Orleans county into Lake Ontario.
OAK'S CORNERS, p. o. Phelps, Ontario co.
OAKSVILLE, V. and p. o. Otse- go, Otsego county, contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling hou- ses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, and 1 cotton factory situated on Oak creek.
OBLONG CREEK, rises in the north-east part of Dutchess county, and forms the head branches of Ten Mile river, which flows into Connecticut, where it empties into the Housatonic river.
O'CONNELLSVILLE, p. Chili, Monroe co.
0.
OGDEN, t. Monroe co. situated 10 miles west of the city of Roches- ter, and distant 227 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,404 inhabitants. The surface is mostly level; soil, sandy and gravelly loam ; drained by several small streams. The Erie canal passes through this town. Adams' Basin and Spencerport are names of post offices.
OGDENSBURGH, V. and p. o. Oswegatchie, St. Lawrence co. is situated on the east side of the St. Lawrence river, at the mouth of the Oswegatchie. It was incorpo- rated in 1817, and now contains about 3,600 inhabitants, 450 dwel- ling houses; 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic church ; 2 banks, 5 public houses, 80 stores and shops of different kinds, 2 flouring mills and 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills; 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 2 iron founderies, an ex- tensive brewery, 1 distillery and 2 machine shops. The Ogdensburgh Academy is a chartered institution in a flourishing condition. This place is situated at the foot of sloop navigation on the St. Lawrence river ; steamboats which pass and
298
OGDENSBURGH AND CHAMPLAIN R. R .- OLEAN.
repass Ogdensburgh daily, descend the St. Lawrence to the head of the Long Sault rapids, a distance of about 40 miles, where naviga- tion entirely ceases for steam ves- sels. A daily line of steamboats leave Ogdensburgh, ascending the St. Lawrence, and passes through Lake Ontario, touching at Pres- cott, Morristown, Brockville, Alexandria, French Creek, Cape Vincent, Kingston, Sackett's Har- bor, Oswego, Rochester, Niagara and Lewiston. A steam ferry boat crosses the St. Lawrence from Og- densburgh to Prescott, Canada, a distance of 14 miles.
OGDENSBURGH AND LAKE CHAMPLAIN RAILROAD. This is a projected work of great impor- tance, the line extending from the village of Ogdensburgh, situated on the St. Lawrence river, to the village of Plattsburgh, or some other point on Lake Champlain. Surveys for this road have been made, on two different routes, the result of which establishes its entire practicability. The length of the northern route running through the village of Malone, is about 122 miles; the southern route is some- what longer, extending through the valley of the Au Sable. Esti- mated cost, $1,500,000.
OHIO, t. Herkimer co. situated 20 miles north of the village of Herkimer, and distant 90 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 692 inhabitants. The surface is high and hilly ; soil, well adapted to grass ; drained by West Canada creek and some of its tributaries. Ohio and West Brunswick are names of post offices.
OIL SPRING, p. o. Cuba, Alle- gany co.
OIL SPRING CREEK, rises partly in the counties of Allegany and partly in Cattaraugus, and flows south-west into the Allegany river.
OIL SPRING RESERVATION,
situated in Cuba and Hinsdale, Allegany and Cattaraugus coun- ties, is one mile square, and be- longs to the Seneca tribe of Indians. The famed Seneca Oil Spring, is in the town of Cuba, within 80 rods of the county line. It is a circular stagnant pool, about 10 feet in diameter, with no visible outlet ; gas is constantly rising, which emits an odour perceptible at some distance. The water is coated with a thin layer of the mi- neral oil, giving it a yellowish brown color ; the oil is collected by skimming it from the fountain, and is used for rheumatic com- plaints and sores in man and beast. It is much prized by the Indians, although the oil obtained here is said not to be so pure as a similar r substance found in Oil creek, Ve- nango county, Penn.
OLCOTT, V. and p. o. Newfane, Niagara co. is situated on Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Eighteen Mile creek ; it contains about 400 ) inhabitants, 60 dwelling houses, 1 ! church, 2 taverns, 6 stores and gro- ceries, and 1 forwarding establish- ment. At this place is a conve -- nient harbor, which is now being ; improved by private enterprise. Salmon trout are taken in great abundance near this place, of the largest size.
OLD FIELD POINT, is situated on the north side of Long Island, in the town of Brookhaven, Suf- folk co. where is located a light- house.
OLD MAN'S, V. Brookhaven, Suffolk co. is situated at the head of Old Man's Harbor ; it is an agricultural settlement, consisting of some 15 or 20 scattered dwelling houses.
OLD MAN'S KILL, rises in the town of Plattekill, Ulster co. and flows east through Marlborough, into the Hudson river in the south part of the county.
OLEAN, t. Cattaraugus co. si-
299
OLEAN-ONEIDA.
tuated 20 miles south-east of the village of Ellicottville, and distant 288 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 638 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, sandy loam, mostly covered with dense pine forests ; it is watered by the Allegany river and some of its tributaries. Olean is the name of a post village, and Allegany Ci- ty is a newly projected place, si- situated at the point where the proposed line of the New-York and Erie railroad first reaches the Allegany river, proceeding west- ward.
OLEAN, V. and p. o. Olean, Cat- taraugus county, is advantageously situated on the north side of the Allegany river, at the termination of the Genesee Valley canal; it contains about 600 inhabitants, 100 houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Epis- copal church; 3 taverns, 8 stores, 1 grist mill, 3 saw mills, and 1 tan- nery. Large amounts of lumber and other products, are annually sent down the Allegany, and thence to the Ohio river from this place, which bids fair to become a large inland town. The United States government have recently
made surveys of the river from this place some distance below, pre- paratory to improving the naviga- tion, which, when completed, together with the canal, will afford uninterrupted boat navigation from the city of Rochester to Pittsburg in Pennsylvania. The New-York and Erie railroad will pass very near this place, and will add to its facilities of communication.
OLIVE, t. Ulster county, situa- ted 12 miles west of the village of Kingston, and distant 68 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,032 inhabitants. The surface is gene- rally uneven, and on the west mountainous ; spurs of the Catskill mountain running into it; soil, gravel and clay loam ; drained east by Esopus creek. Olive and Caseville are names of post offi- ces.
OMAR, v. Villenova, Chautau- que county, is situated on the west branch of the Connewango creek, on the line of the New-York and Erie railroad; it contains about 150 inhabitants, 25 dwelling hou- ses, 2 churches, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill and 1 ful- ling mill.
ONEIDA COUNTY, taken from Herkimer in 1798, has been since much reduced by the formation of other counties ; it is bounded on the north by Lewis county, east by Herkimer, south by Madison, and west by the counties of Madison and Oswego; centrally distant 108 miles west from the city of Albany. The surface of this county is much di- versified with gently rising hills, and highly cultivated valleys, through which flow several important mill streams, fertilizing the lands and af- fording valuable mill privileges. The soil is mostly rich, well tilled and very productive; producing abundant crops of grass, wheat, In- dian corn and other products. In agriculture as well as in manufac- tured products, in wealth and in numbers, it ranks as the most important inland county in the state. It is drained by Black river, the Mohawk river and its tributaries, Oriskany and Sadaquada creeks, and by Fish creek, Wood creek and Oneida creek, the latter flowing into Oneida lake, which is situated on the north-west boundary. The mineralogy of this county is in many respects similar to that of the counties which lie west of it ; several important useful products occur in it in great abundance. Among these may be enumerated argillaceous clay iron ore, gypsum, water limestone, peat and marl. It is also abundantly supplied with mineral springs of various kinds; sulphur springs are
4
300
ONEIDA CASTLE-ONEIDA LAKE CANAL.
quite numerous; weak brine springs are occasionally found, and near Vernon village carburetted hydrogen gas issues through a spring at the rate of about a gallon in a minute. The great eastern and western line of travel passes centrally through this county, making it a great tho- roughfare. In addition to the Erie canal, and Utica and Schenectady and Syracuse and Utica railroads, the Chenango canal commences at this place, and extends south to the village of Binghamton. Its area is about 1,101 square miles, or 704,740 acres. The county buildings are located in the villages of Whitesboro' and Rome ; some of the county courts are holden in Utica.
The following are the names of the towns in Oneida county, with the population in 1840.
Annsville,
1,765 | Remsen, 1,638
Augusta,
2,175
ROME,.
5,680
Boonville, .
5,519
Sangerfield, 2,251
Bridgewater,
1,418
Steuben, 1,993
Camden,
2,331
Trenton, 3,178
Deerfield,
3,120
UTICA,
. 12,782
Florence,
1,259
Vernon,
3,043
Floyd, .
1,742
Verona,
4,504
Kirkland,
2,984
Lee, .
2,936
Marcy,. 1,799
Marshall, 2,251
New Hartford,
3,819
Paris,
2,844
ONEIDA CASTLE, V. and p. o. Vernon, Oneida county, is situated on both sides of Oneida creek; it was incorporated in May, 1841, and now contains about 400 inhabi- tants, 60 dwelling houses, 1 Pres- byterian and 1 Baptist church ; an academy ; 2 taverns and 2 stores. One mile south of this place now resides a remnant of the Oneida tribe of Indians, amounting to about 300 souls.
ONEIDA CREEK, rises in the county of Madison, and flows north- west, emptying into Oneida Lake; for a considerable distance it di- vides the counties of Madison and Oneida; on it and its tributaries, are situated a number of factories and mills. It is also used as a fee- der to the Erie canal, and is navi- gable to the village of Oneida Castle, a distance of 3 miles.
ONEIDA DEPOT, p. o. Verona, Oneida co. Here are situated on the line of the Syracuse and Utica
Westmoreland, 3,105
WHITESTOWN,
5,156
Total inhabitants, 85,310
railroad, a public house and a small settlement.
ONEIDA LAKE, is surrounded by the counties of Oneida, Madi- son, Onondaga and Oswego; it is 22 miles long, and from 4 to 6 miles wide, presenting a large ex- panse of water. It receives Wood creek and its tributaries, Oneida creek and Chittenango creek, be- sides some smaller streams. On the east end there is a beautiful shelving beach, which is much re- sorted to for fishing with seines; white fish, pike, pickerel, perch and catfish, are caught in great abundance.
ONEIDA LAKE, p. o. Lenox, Madison co.
ONEIDA LAKE CANAL, ex- tends from the Erie canal at Hig- gins, four miles west of the vil- lage of New-London, Oneida co. to the Oneida Lake, a distance of about 6 miles. Wood creek, for 2 or 3 miles, has a towing path to
Vienna, 2,530
Western, . 3,488
301
ONEIDA RIVER-ONONDAGA.
the lake, which is also considered ! extensive and fertile flats along the a part of the above canal.
ONEIDA RIVER, is formed by the outlet of Oneida lake ; it runs west in a circuitous route, for about 20 miles, when it unites with the Seneca river ; these united streams then take the name of Oswego river, which flows north into Lake Ontario. The navigation of this stream is now being improved by the state, which when finished, will afford a navigable communication through Oneida lake, between the Erie canal and the Oswego canal ; a total distance of about 40 miles.
ONEONTA, t. Otsego co. situa- ted 20 miles south of the village of Cooperstown, and distant 80 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,936 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and somewhat broken; with
banks of the Susquehanna river, which flows through this town, re- ceiving in its course Charlotte riv- er and Otego creek. Oneonta and West Oneonta are names of post offices .
ONEONTA, V. and p. o. Oneonta, Otsego co. is situated on the Sus- quehanna river; it contains about 500 inhabitants, 90 dwelling hou- ses, 3 churches, 3 taverns, 10 stores, 1 woollen factory, 1 iron foundery, 1 tannery, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, and 1 distillery. Four turnpike roads centre in this vil- lage : stages from Albany and Catskill pass through it on their way to Ithaca ; stages also run from this place to Cooperstown, &c. on the north, and Unadilla on the south.
ONONDAGA COUNTY, taken from Herkimer in 1794, has since been modified by the formation of new counties ; it is centrally distant 135 miles west from the city of Albany, and bounded on the north by Oswego county, east by Madison, south by Cortland and Cayuga, and west by Cayuga. The south part of this county, although somewhat hilly, is arable, while on the north it is level. The soil is principally calcareous loam, intermixed with vegetable mould, and very produc- tive. This county is well watered ; on the north-east lies Oneida lake, near the centre Onondaga lake, and on the west Cross lake, Skaneate- les lake and Otisco lake ; there are also several other small lakes or ponds, in this county, scarcely any of which have inlets or outlets, and yet they all abound in pickerel, brook trout, &c. Some of them are almost entirely surrounded by perpendicular ledges, varying from 40 to 100 feet in height. Seneca river flows on the north, uniting with Onei- da river, forming Oswego river ; there are also several fine mill streams of less note. But by far the most important feature in this county are its brine springs, which here abound in great quantities, and in differ- ent localities ; affording a fine illustration of the influence which im- portant mineral productions exert upon the prosperity of a people- building up whole villages, and giving profitable employment to hun- dreds and thousands of individuals. The villages of Salina, Syracuse, Liverpool and Geddes are examples in point. These springs are owned by the state, from which a large revenue is derived, annually. In 1840, there was manufactured and inspected in the above villages, two mill- ion, six hundred and twenty-two thousand, three hundred and thirty-five bushels of salt, yielding a revenue of $162,404 92. Besides the inval- uable brine springs, there are many other useful mineral productions, viz : oxide of iron, gypsum, marl and water limestone, are all found in abundance. Here are also several sulphur springs, one of which has acquired some celebrity. The Oswego Canal commences at the vil- lage of Syracuse, and extends to Oswego on Lake Ontario, in addition
302
ONONDAGA-ONONDAGA SALT SPRINGS.
to the Erie Canal, which passes centrally through the county, from east to west. The Syracuse and Utica and the Auburn and Syracuse railroads also here unite, running nearly parallel with the Erie canal. The county buildings are located in the village of Syracuse in the town of Salina. Its area is about 711 square miles, or 455,100 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Onondaga county, with the population in 1840.
Camillus, 3,957 |
Onondaga, 5,658
Cicero,.
2,464
Otisco, .
1,906
Clay,
2,852
Pompey, 4,371
De Witt,.
2,802
SALINA,
11,013
Elbridge,
4,647
Skaneateles,.
3,981
Fabius, .
2,562
La Fayette,
2,600
Lysander,.
4,306
Manlius,
5,509
Marcellus,
2,726
ONONDAGA, t. Onondaga co. situated 5 miles south of the village of Syracuse, and distant 135 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 5,658 inhabitants. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam of a good quality, very fertile and mostly well cultivated ; drained north by Onondaga creek. Onondaga, On- ondaga Hollow, Howlett's Hill, Navarino and South Onondaga, are names of post offices.
ONONDAGA, V. and p. o. Onon- daga, Onondaga co. is situated on Onondaga West Hill ; it was for- merly the seat of justice for the county, and is distant 4 miles from the village of Syracuse. It now contains about 300 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 1 tavern and 2 stores. There is a fine view of the surrounding country from this place, which is inhabited most- ly by old and respectable inhabit- ants of the county.
ONONDAGA CREEK, rises in the south part of Onondaga co. and flows north into Onondaga lake.
ONONDAGA HOLLOW, V. and p. o. Onondaga, Onondaga co. is pleasantly situated on the great western turnpike, 4 miles south of Syracuse ; it contains about 800 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses,
Total inhabitants, 67,911 1
1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 flour- ing and 1 plaster mill. The Onon- daga academy, situated here, is a chartered institution, in a flourish- - ing condition, where are educated I male and female scholars. This s village is surrounded by a rich ag- . ricultural country ; about 3 miles,s south of which is located the tribe ; of Onondaga Indians, now num- - bering about 350 persons.
ONONDAGA LAKE, is situated 1 in the northern part of this county. . It is about 8 miles long and from 2 ) to 4 miles wide. This lake abounds 3 in pike, pickerel, bass and catfish. On its banks are the villages of Sa- lina, Geddes and Liverpool. Many have supposed that the water at the ; bottom of this lake was salt, from the fact that the salt springs are lo- cated on its borders ; but from ex -.. periments made some two or three years since, it has been ascertained 1
that such is not the fact.
ONONDAGA SALT SPRINGS, are situated in the town of Salina, Onondaga co. and belong to the State; they are located mostly on the " Onondaga Salt Spring Reser- vation," consisting of detached lots of various dimensions, situated promiscuously in the town of Sa- . lina. The salt is made at four dif-
Spafford,
1,873
Tully, ..
1,663
Van Buren,
3,021
303
1
ONTARIO.
ferent places in the town, viz. in | from these springs in 1840, amount- the villages of Salina, Syracuse, ed to 2,622,305 bushels ; on which the state received a duty of six cents per bushel, from the manu- facturers, amounting to $157,- 388 30; besides a further sum of $5,066 received for pumping brine. The manufactories now erected in the town of Salina, are sufficient for the production of at least five millions of bushels of salt annually ; and plenty of brine of a superior quality can undoubtedly be furnished to make double that quantity, if a market could be found for so large an amount. About forty-five gallons of the wa- ter are required for making one Liverpool and Geddes. The water is pumped from wells, varying from 100 to 265 feet in depth ; the deepest of these, situated in the village of Syracuse, terminates in a bed of gravel, furnishing brine of a superior quality, ranging from 75° to 78°, which is equal or su- perior to the brine found at the village of Salina. The coarse salt here made by solar evaporation is uniformly good ; but the process of making fine salt is different, be- ing boiled in kettles arranged for the purpose, and the manufacture is attended with some uncertainty. The quantity of salt manufactured bushel of salt.
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