USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 16
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CLARKSON, t. Monroe co. situ- ated 16 miles north-west of the city of Rochester, and distant 233 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,486 inhabitants. The sur- face is mostly level; soil, sandy and gravelly loam; drained by Sandy and Little Salmon creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the north.
CLARKSON, V. and p. o. Clark- son, Monroe co. is situated on the Ridge road; it contains about 700 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 flouring mill, 2 saw mills, 2 wool carding and cloth dressing works and 1 carriage manufactory.
CLARKSTOWN, t. Rockland co. contains the county buildings situated in the village of New-
121
CLARKSVILLE-CLERMONT.
City, and is distant from Albany 122 miles; it contained in 1840, 2,533 inhabitants. The surface is generally hilly and the soil produc- tive in the valleys; it is ·bounded on the east by the Hudson river, and contains a small lake, the out- let of which flows south into the Hackensack river. Clarkstown and Nyack Turnpike are names of post offices.
CLARKSVILLE, V. Brookfield, Madison co. was incorporated in 1834, and now contains about 450 inhabitants, 80 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 5 stores, 1 iron foundery, 1 fulling mill, 2 tanne- ries, 3 carriage manufactories and 2 large cabinet ware factories.
CLARKSVILLE, V. Middlefield, Otsego co. is situated on Cherry Valley creek; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 40 dwelling hous- es, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 4 stores, 1 flour- ing mill, 1 saw mill, 1 fulling mill, 2 tanneries and 1 distillery.
CLARKSVILLE, p. o. New- Scotland, Albany co. here are situ- ated 2 taverns, 1 store and 12 or 15 dwellings.
CLAVERACK, t. Columbia co. si- tuated 4 miles east of Hudson, and distant 34 miles from Albany; con- tained in 1840, 3,056 inhabitants. The surface is diversified, being somewhat hilly ; soil, gravel, clay & loam, generally of a good quality. It is watered by Claverack creek. Claverack, Harlemville, Hoffman's Gate, Mellenville and Smoky Hol- low, are names of post offices.
CLAVERACK, V. and p. o. Cla- verack, Columbia co. is situated 4 miles east of the city of Hudson ; it contains about 300 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 ta- verns, 2 stores, and an incorporated academy for males and females, in a flourishing condition.
CLAVERACK CREEK, rises in Columbia county, and runs into Kinderhook creek; on this stream
and its tributaries are a number of factories and mills.
CLAY, t. Onondaga co. situated 10 miles north of Syracuse, and distant 151 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,852 inhabi- tants. The surface is undulating; soil, generally productive, resting on saliferous sandstone. It is wa- tered by the Oneida and Seneca rivers, which here unite, form- ing the Oswego river, flowing thence into Lake Ontario. Clay and Euclid are names of post offices. The former is situated in the village of Belgium.
CLAYTON, t. Jefferson co. si- tuated 12 miles north of the village of Watertown, and distant 172 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,990 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating; soil, sandy and clay loam of good quality. It is drained by Chaumont river and French creek, and the St. Law- rence river bounds it on the north- west. Clayton, Cornelia and. De- pauville are post offices.
CLEAR CREEK, V. and p. o. Ellington, Chautauque co. is situ- ated on Clear creek ; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 taverns, 3 stores, and 2 saw mills.
CLEAR CREEK, rises in Chau- tauque county, and empties into the Conewango creek in Cattarau- gus county.
CLEAR LAKE, is one of a small cluster of lakes, lying in the town of Alexandria, Jefferson co.
CLERMONT, t. Columbia co. situated 13 miles south of Hudson, and distant 43 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,231 inhabi- tants. The surface is undulating ; soil, clay and gravelly loam, gene- rally fertile. It is watered by An- cram or Roeliff Jansen's creek.
CLERMONT, V. and p. o. Cler- mont, Columbia co. is situated on the post road between New-York and Albany ; it contains 150 inha-
122
CLEVELAND-CLINTON.
bitants, 25 dwelling houses, 1 church, an incorporated academy, tavern and 1 store.
CLEVELAND, V. and p. o. Con- stantia, Oswego co. is situated on the north side of Oneida lake; it contains about 300 inhabitants, 45 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 ta- verns, 3 stores, 1 glass manufac- tory, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills, 1 tannery, 1 clothier's works and 2 machine shops.
CLIFTON PARK, t. Saratoga co. situated 10 miles south of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 22 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,719 inhabitants. The
surface is undulating ; soil, clay and sandy loam, productive when well cultivated. It is drained by several small creeks, and is bounded on the south by the Mo- hawk river. Clifton Park, Jones- ville and Rexford Flats, are names of post offices.
CLIFTON SPRINGS, Manches- ter, Ontario co .; here are situated on the line of the Auburn and Ro- chester railroad, some sulphur springs, to which have recently been given the above name ; they are resorted to for their medicinal properties, and have become some- what celebrated.
CLINTON COUNTY, formed from Albany in 1788, since changed, is centrally distant 160 miles from the city of Albany ; it is situated on the northern boundary of the state; being bounded on the north by Canada, east by Lake Champlain, south by Essex county, and on the west by Franklin county. The southern parts are elevated and hilly ; the nor- thern and eastern are more level and better cultivated. The soil is of various qualities, interspersed with much good farming land. The forests are covered with heavy timber, producing large quantities of valuable lumber. Iron ore of a superior quality is found in the southern and western parts, from which large quantities of iron are an- nually manufactured. The magnetic iron ores of this region, are among the best in the state, and the iron obtained from them is highly esteemed. Bog iron ore is also found on the head waters of the Saranac. Marble is found near Plattsburgh, and in the northern part of the county ; it is usually of a black color and takes a good polish. Peat is also found here in great abundance, and a sulphur spring, and a carbonated spring is located in the town of Beekmantown. The Saranac river, which rises in the county of Franklin, flows through the centre of this county, empty- ing its waters into Lake Champlain ; while the Chazy runs through the northern part, the Great and Little Au Sable rivers water it on the south. These with other streams afford fine water power, which is found of great value in propelling iron works and mills of different kinds. On the above streams there are to be found several picturesque waterfalls, surrounded by beautiful scenery. This county was also the scene of many sanguinary and hard fought battles during the late war with Great Britain. The area of Clinton county is about 932 square miles, or 596,800 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Clinton county, with the population in 1840 :
Au Sable,. 3,222
Mooers, -
1,703
Beekmantown, 2,769
Peru, .
3,134
Black Brook, 1,064
PLATTSBURGH,. 6,416
Champlain,
3,632
Saranac, 1,462
Chazy, .
3,584
Ellenburgh,.
1,171
Total inhabitants,. .28,157
123
CLINTON-CLINTONVILLE.
CLINTON, t. Dutchess co. situ-| ated 10 miles north of the village of Poughkeepsie, and distant 75 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,830 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and in places much broken ; soil, gravelly loam, most- ly well cultivated. It is drained by two or three small streams. Clinton Hollow, Pleasant Plains and Shultzville, are names of post offices.
CLINTON, v. and p. o. Kirk- land, Oneida co. is handsomely si- tuated on both sides of the Oris- kany creek, on the line of the Chenango canal, 9 miles south- west of Utica. It contains about 800 inhabitants, 100 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist and 1 Universalist church; the Clinton Liberal Insti- tute, a flourishing chartered insti- tution, and the Clinton Grammar School, also chartered; the Do- mestic Seminary, a private female boarding school of some celebrity ; 3 public houses and 8 stores of dif- ferent kinds. In the immediate vicinity are 1 large cotton factory, 1 woollen factory, 2 flouring mills, 3 saw mills and 1 scythe factory. Hamilton College is conspicuously situated on an eminence about 1 mile west of the village of Clinton, commanding an extensive and charming prospect of the surround- ing country. It was founded in 1812, and is now under the charge of a president, and 5 professors, viz: Law, History, Civil Polity and Political Economy; Natural His- tory and Chemistry; Mathematics and Astronomy; Classical Litera- ture, Moral Science and Belles Lettres, and a tutor. The number of students in 1841, was 92. The college edifices consist principally of 3 stone buildings 4 stories each, and a chapel, all of which are con- structed in good taste. The latter is a fine specimen of architecture. Attached to the above are college
grounds, consisting of 41 acres of land.
CLINTON HOLLOW, P. o. Clin- ton, Dutchess co.
CLINTON MOUNTAINS, is the name sometimes given to the nor thern range of mountains in this state. See Adirondack Moun- tains.
CLINTONVILLE, V. and p. o. Au Sable, Clinton co. is situated on the north side of the Au Sable river, 6 miles above Keeseville, and 10 miles west of Port Kent, on Lake Champlain. It was incorporated in 1825, and now contains about 750 inhabitants, 100 dwelling hou- ses, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Metho- dist church ; 1 tavern, and 8 stores and groceries. The Peru Iron Company here have a large and extensive manufacturing establish- ment. The company is chartered with a capital of $200,000, of which $130,000 is paid in. Their works consist of a forge of 18 fires, where they manufacture 1,600 tons of iron annually ; the ore being prin- cipally obtained in the vicinity, from the Arnold and Palmer mines, which are situated from 3 to 5 miles from this place. A rolling mill in which is rolled annually about 1,800 tons market iron and nail plate; they have also a nail factory, in which is manufactured 1,200 tons nails per annum. A chain cable factory, a pocket fur- nace, a machine shop, a grist mill and saw mill, all belong to this es- tablishment, giving employment to about 150 mechanics and laborers. The Arnold Hill Mine, as it is called, in which is found the finest quality of iron ore, may be descri- bed as one of the many localities of iron that exist in this vicinity. " On this hill there are four veins running parallel or side by side ; their width varies from 3 to 11 feet. One of these, the old blue vein, has been worked to the depth of 200 feet, and in length 100 rods.
124
CLOCKVILLE-COCHECTON
Throughout this extent, it preserves an uniformity of width, which is on an average 4 or 5 feet ; in some portions of the vein it is only 2, in others 8 feet. It dips to the west at an angle of about 75°; it has regular side walls, though less perfect on the west side than on the east."
CLOCKVILLE, v. Lenox, Ma- dison co. contains about 250 inha- bitants, 40 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 taverns, 1 store, 2 grist mills and 2 plaster mills.
CLOSTER MOUNTAINS, or PALISADE RANGE, enters Rock- land county from New-Jersey, on the margin of the Hudson river, and extends north to Verdrieteje's hook in Clarkstown. The ridge known as Nyack hills, contains excellent brown and red sand stone, which is extensively quarried and sent to market. The highest point of this range, rises about 1,000 feet above the Hudson, and the Pa- lisades are remarkable for their perpendicular and picturesque ap- pearance.
CLOVE, p. o. Union Vale, Dutchess co.
CLOVE KILL, rises in Union Vale, Dutchess co. and flows south- west; it is one of the principal sources of the Fishkill, into which it empties in the town of Beek- man.
CLOVESVILLE, p. o. Middle- town, Deleware co.
CLYDE, V. & p. o. Galen, Wayne co. is situated on Clyde river and on the line of the Erie canal ; it was incorporated in 1835, and now con- tains about 1,000 inhabitants, 130 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist and 1 Metho- dist church ; an academy or high school ; 3 taverns, 16 stores of dif- ferent kinds ; 4 flouring mills, 1 saw mill, 2 glass manufactories, 1 furnace and 1 tannery, besides many other kinds of mechanic shops.
CLYDE RIVER, is formed by the junction of Flint and Mud creeks, in the county of Wayne, and flows easterly a distance of 20 miles, when it falls into Seneca river.
CLYMER, t. Chautauque co. situated 15 miles south of the vil- lage of Mayville, and distant 353 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 909 inhabitants. The sur- face is rolling; soil, moist sandy loam, well adapted to grass; drain- ed towards the south by Broken Straw creek and its tributaries. Clymer, Clymer Centre and North Clymer are names of post offices. At the former there is a settlement consisting of 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills and 12 or 15 dwellings.
COBLESKILL, t. Schoharie co. situated 10 miles west of the vil- lage of Schoharie, and distant 45 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,5S3 inhabitants. The sur- face is somewhat hilly with fertile valleys; it contains a small lake, and is drained by the Cobleskill, having on its banks fine alluvial soil. In this town is a mill stream which issues from a natural well, the depth of which has never been ascertained; it then enters a sub- terraneous passage and disappears for a distance of 7 miles, when it re-appears. Cobleskill, Cobleskill Centre, Lawyersville, Punchkill and Richmondville are names of post offices. At the former there is a settlement, consisting of 2 churches, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 saw mill and about 20 dwellings.
COCHECTON, t. Sullivan co. situated 16 miles west of the vil- lage of Monticello, and distant 134 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 622 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly; soil, gravelly loam; drained by the Collicoon and Ten Mile creeks, both of which flow into the Delaware river, which bounds this town on the west.
125
COCHECTON-COHOES FALLS.
Cochecton and Fosterdale are names of post offices.
COCHECTON, V. and p. o. Cochecton, Sullivan co. is situated on the east side of the Delaware river; it contains about 125 in- habitants, 20 dwelling houses, 1 tavern and 1 store. Here termi- nates the Newburgh and Cochec- ton turnpike, which runs between the above places, a distance of 60 miles.
COEYMANS, t. Albany co. sit- uated 12 miles from the city of Albany; contained in 1840, 3,107 inhabitants. The surface is brok- en; soil, various; it is drained by Coeyman's creek and some other streams flowing into the Hud- son river, which bounds it on the east. Coeymans and Coeymans Hollow are names of post offices.
COEYMANS, V. and p. o. Alba- ny co. is situated on the west side of the Hudson river, 12 miles be- low the city of Albany; it contains about 700 inhabitants, 100 dwel- ling houses, 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 10 stores of different kinds; 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 axe factory, 1 plaster mill, 1 cloth dressing and fulling mill, and several extensive brick yards. This is a convenient steamboat landing, from which sail a number of sloops, mostly trad- ing with the New-York market.
COEYMANS CREEK, rises in the town of New-Scotland, Alba- ny co. and flows into the Hudson river in the town of Coeymans.
COEYMANS HOLLOW, P. o. Coeymans, Albany co.
COHOES, V. and p. o. Water- vliet, Albany co. is situated on the south-west bank of the Mohawk river, a short distance below the Cohoes Fallsand near the junction of the Erie and Champlain canals. Here is afforded by means of the Mohawk, an immense amount of hydraulic power; if found neces- sary the whole volume of water in
the river can be used for propelling machinery to almost any extent, having a total fall of about 140 feet. During the lowest stages of water, it is estimated that there is sufficient to propel at least 1,000,- 000 of spindles with all the neces- sary apparatus. Here is now erected an extensive cotton facto- ry, owned by " The Harmony Company," calculated for 7,000 spindles and 220 looms; a large axe and edge tool manufactory; a manufactory of drawers, wrappers and hosiery, the knitting frames being driven by water power; 2 machine shops; 1 iron and brass foundery, 1 paint mill, 1 flouring mill, and 3 saw mills, two of which are employed in sawing veneers for cabinet work ; 200 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- pal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Universa- list church, 1 hotel and 12 stores; containing a population of about 2,000 inhabitants, mostly engaged in the above manufactories. The peculiar advantages of this place for hydraulic purposes was first ful- ly appreciated by the late celebra- ted civil engineer Canvass White, Esq., during the progress of cut- ting the Erie canal, on which great work he was engaged. With the co-operation of sundry individuals, a liberal charter was obtained by a company, from the legislature of the state, with a capital of $250,- 000, for the purpose of improve- ment on a large scale, commensu- rate with its natural advantages, but by reason of continued en- largement of its plan, the capital was subsequently increased to $500,000. Stages pass through this village several times daily, running between Albany and Waterford, a distance of 10 miles.
COHOES FALLS, situated in the immediate vicinity of Cohoes village, is an object of great at- traction, being much resorted to
-
126
COLCHESTER-COLD SPRING.
during the summer months, by |
COLDEN LAKE, lies in the visitors from all parts of the Un- town of Newcomb, Essex co. a ion; the water of the Mohawk here short distance below Avalanche Lake, whose *waters it receives after a descent of about 50 feet; it is 1 mile in length and half a mile wide. This is a romantic sheet of water, lying 2,850 feet above the tide waters of the Hudson, sur- rounded by high and lofty moun- tain peaks. has a perpendicular fall of 70 feet, besides a rapid descent above and below; the banks of the river pre- sent a grand and romantic appear- ance, varying in almost perpendic- ular heighth of from 50 to 120 feet, for the distance of half a mile be- low the falls, where is erected a substantial bridge, the length of which is about 800 feet across the stream.
COLCHESTER, t. Delaware co. situated 20 miles south of the vil- lage of Delhi, and distant 101 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,567 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, adapted to grass; it is drained by the Papacton branch of the Dela- ware river, which flows through a valley of the same name. Col- chester and Papacton are names of post offices.
COLDBROOK, V. and p. o. Rus- sia, Herkimer co. is situated on a stream of the same name; it con- tains about 300 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 tav- erns, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills and one plaster mill.
COLD CREEK, p. o. Hume, Al- legany co.
COLD CREEK, rises in the town of Centreville, Allegany county, and flows east into the Genesee river; on this stream are a num- ber of good mill sites.
COLDEN, t. Erie co. situated 20 miles south-east of Buffalo, and distant 287 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,088 inhabi- tants. The surface is hilly; soil, clay, mostly wet and cold, but adapted to grass; it is drained by Cazenove creek and some other small streams. Colden is the name of a post office, where is a small settlement and some mills.
COLDENHAM, p. o. Newburgh, Orange co.
COLD SPRING, t. Cattaraugus co. situated 16 miles south-west of the village of Ellicottville, and distant 308 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 673 inhabitants. The surface is hilly with extensive valleys; Cold Spring creek empties into the Allegany river, which flows nearly through the centre of the town in a south-west direction. This town contains an Indian vil- lage and constitutes part of an In- dian reservation.
COLD SPRING, V. Cold Spring, Cattaraugus co. is situated on the north side of the Allegany river, on the line of the New-York and Erie railroad. This is an old In- dian settlement and has recently become a place of considerable importance from its favorable lo- cation as a depot for lumber, from whence there is now a large amount annually sent down the Allegany river. The completion of the New-York and Erie railroad will add much to its future. prospects.
COLD SPRING, V. and p. o. Phillipstown, Putnam co. is ro- manticly situated in the Highlands, on the east side of the Hudson river, about one mile north of West Point. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants, 170 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- tist, 1 Methodistand 1 Roman Cath- olic church, 3 public houses, 10 stores and a very extensive iron foundery and machine shop, which constantly employs about 300 workmen, engaged in different mechanical branches. This foun-
127
COLD SPRING HARBOR-COLUMBIA.
dery is supposed to be the most ex- tensive of any in the Union; here the ore is manufactured into iron, and used in the construction of the largest kind of machinery, and warlike implements, steamboat and other machinery. It is generally known as West Point Foundery.
COLD SPRING HARBOR, is a deep indentation of Long Island Sound, lying between the counties of Queens and Suffolk on the north, being a continuation of Oyster Bay.
COLD SPRING HARBOR, V. and p. o. Oyster Bay and Hunting- ton, Queens and Suffolk counties, is situated at the head and on both sides of Cold Spring Harbor; it containes about 500 inhabitants, 80 dwelling houses, 1 Episcopal church, 3 taverns and stores; 2 woollen factories and 1 grist mill. Here are owned several ships em- ployed in the whaling business, be- sides several vessels employed in the coasting trade. This is a very desirable place of residence and is much resorted to by strangers, during the summer months.
COLESVILLE, t. Broome co. situated 12 miles east of Bingham- ton, and distant 127 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,528 inhabitants. The surface is most- ly hilly, through which passes the Susquehanna river, and in the val- leys are rich alluvial flats. Coles- ville, Dora, Harpersville, Osborn's Hollow, New-Ohio, Ninevah, Sus- quehanna and Vallonia Spring's are names of post offices.
COLLEBERG. Sce Croton.
COLLEBERGH MOUNTAIN or HILLS, lie in the town of Cort- land, Westchester co. south of the " Highlands."
COLLEGES. See Columbia Col- lege, New-York; University of the city of New-York ; Union College, Schenectady; Hamilton College, Clinton, Oneida county; Geneva College, Geneva.
COLLEGES, MEDICAL. See Albany Medical College ; College of Physicians and Surgeons, New- York, and Geneva Medical Col- lege.
COLLEGE POINT, p. o. Flush- ing, Queens co .; here is situated St. Paul's College, a celebrated and flourishing institution of learn- ing, overlooking Long Island Sound.
COLLIERSVILLE, p. o. Mil- ford, Otsego co.
COLLINS, t. Erie co. situated 24 miles south of Buffalo, and dis- tant 295 miles from Albany; con- tained in 1840, 4,257 inhabitants. The surface is undulating and somewhat hilly; soil various; it is drained by numerous small streams and Cattaraugus creek, which bounds it on the south. Collins, Collins Centre and Angola are names of post offices.
COLLINSVILLE, V. and p. o. West Turin, Lewis co. contains about 130 inhabitants; 20 dwelling houses, 1 church, an academy, 2 taverns and 3 stores.
COLOSSE, V. and p. o. Mexico, Oswego co .; this is an agricultural settlement, containing 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores and 25 dwellings.
COLUMBIA COUNTY, taken from Albany in 1786, is centrally dis- tant 30 miles from the city of Albany; it is bounded on the north by Rens- selaer county, east by the Massachusetts state line, south by Dutchess county and on the west by the Hudson river. The surface of this county is uneven and hilly on the eastern boundary, but more level as you ap- proach the Hudson. In the soil there is much variety, part being rich and highly cultivated, while other portions are less productive. The mineral productions of this region are numerous and highly valuable; among those which are considered the most useful, may be enume- rated hematic and bog iron ores, important deposites of which exist in
123
COLUMBIA-COLUMBIAVILLE.
various parts of this county. Of galena, or the common ore of lead, there are also several localities, the most noted of which is that in the town of Ancram; sulphuret of copper, &c. is also found in company with the lead ore. The oxide of manganese, peat and marl, are to be included among the useful products of this county; there also exists beds of marble in the towns of Hillsdale and Copake of a fine quality. Columbia county contains several sulphur and chalybeate springs; the Lebanon springs in particular possess great interest in consequence of evolving nitrogen gas, and is greatly resorted to by invalids on ac- count of its medicinal qualities. This county possesses several valua- ble mill streams. Kinderhook creek and its tributaries water it on the north; Claverack and Copake in the centre, and Ancram or Roeliff Jansen's creeks flow on the south, in addition to the Hudson river, which bounds it on the west. Here are located several extensive cot- ton factories, mills and forges, which annually produce large quantities of manufactured goods. Its area is about 624 square miles, or 399,500 acres.
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