USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 9
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68
AUBURN-AUGUSTA.
mechanical pursuit, many of which | Geneva, 8 27
employ water power. The outlet of Owasco lake is a large and du- rable stream; within the limits of the village, there is a fall of about 100 feet, affording hydraulic power of great magnitude, much of which is as yet unoccupied. The An- burn and Syracuse railroad, ter- minates at this place, and extends to the village of Syracuse, a dis- tance of 26 miles; the Auburn and Rochester railroad commen- ces at the termination of the above road and runs to the city of Roch- ester, in rather a circuitous line, a distance of 79 miles. Stages also leave Auburn for the villages of Ithaca and Cortland on the south and Oswego on the north, all of which connect with other lines of travel, running to different places. Auburn justly stands pre-eminent, as one of the finest inland villages in the state ; its public and private buildings are generally constructed in the most finished style of archi- tecture, combining elegance and durability, and is altogether a very desirable place of residence.
AUBURN AND ROCHESTER RAILROAD, extends from the vil- lage of Auburn, west, to the city of Rochester ; passing through the towns of Aurelius, Seneca Falls, Waterloo, Seneca, Phelps, Man- chester, Hopewell, Canandaigua, Farmington, Victor, Pittsford, and Brighton, thence crosses the Gene- see river, and enters Rochester. It also crosses the foot of Cayuga lake, by a new and substantial bridge, upwards of one mile in length. This road was incorpo- rated in 1836, with a capital of $2,000,000, and completed in 1841, at a cost of about $1,250,000. The following are the distances from Auburn :
Miles.
Cayuga Bridge, 10
Seneca Falls, .. 5 15
Waterloo, . 4 19
Oak's Corners,. 5 32
East Vienna, .. 3 35
West Vienna, . . 1 36
Clifton Springs,. 3 39
Short's Mills, 5
44
Chapinsville, ..
3
47
Canandaigua,
3 50
Victor,
Pittsford,
12
71
Brighton, 4 75
Rochester,
4 79
AUBURN AND SYRACUSE RAILROAD, extends from the vil- lage of Syracuse, west, to the vil- lage of Auburn; passing through the towns of Salina, Camillus, El- bridge and Sennet, thence into Au- burn. This road was incorporated in 1834, with a capital of $400,- 000, about which sum it cost to con- struct it. A branch railroad ex- tends from this road, a distance of 5 miles south to the village of Ska- neateles. The following are the distances from Syracuse :
Miles.
Camillus, 8
Nine Mile Creek,. .
3 11
Elbridge, . 5 16
Skaneateles Junction, ... 1 17
Sennet, 4 21
Auburn, 5 26
AUGUSTA, t. Oneida co. situat- ed 18 miles south-west of the city of Utica, and distant 110 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2175 inhabitants. The surface is rolling; soil, medium quality; it is drained by Oneida creek and its tributaries on the west, and the Oriskany creek flows through the south-east angle, where is a fall of about 30 feet, affording a fine wa- ter power ; the Chenango canal al- so runs parallel to the creek, thro' the village of Oriskany Falls .- The names of the post offices are Augusta and Oriskany Falls, both of which are villages.
AUGUSTA,. v. and p. o. Oneida co. is situated on Skanandoa creek; it contains about 350 inha-
9 59
69
AURELIUS-AU SABLE RIVER.
bitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Baptist and 1 Metho- dist church, an academy, 1 tavern, 2 stores and 1 grist mill.
AURELIUS, t. Cayuga co. situ- ated 5 miles west of the village of Auburn, and distant 178 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,645 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating; soil, clay loam of a good quality; the Owasco outlet flows through the north-west angle of the town, and several streams run west into Cayuga lake and its out- let, which bounds it on the west. The names of the post offices are Aurelius, Cayuga, and Fostervilla; also a village called Clarksville. At the former there is a small set- tlement.
AURIESVILLE, p. o. Glen, Montgomery co.
AURORA, t. Erie co. situated 15 miles south-east of the city of Buffalo, and distant 276 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,908 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating ; soil, clay and gravelly loam ; it is drained by Seneca and Cazenove creeks. Griffin's Mills and Willink are names of post offices.
AURORA, V. and p. o. Ledyard, Cayuga co. is delightfully situated on the east bank of Cayuga lake; it was incorporated in 1837, and now contains about 500 inhabitants, 80 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church, the Cayuga Academy, a chartered flourishing institution, 2 public houses, 4 stores and 2 large ware- houses, for the transhipment of grain and other produce; a boat yard where are built lake craft and canal boats; 1 carriage manufacto- ry, 1 tannery and an extensive nursery, abounding in fruit and shade trees. No place probably in western New-York, exceeds this village in beauty of location; the ground riscs gradually from the water, and is seen to great advan-
tage from the lake. Steamboats stop several times daily, at the landing at this place, on their route between Ithaca and Cayuga Bridge.
AURORAVILLE, V. Aurora, Erie co. is situated on a branch of the Seneca or Buffalo creek ; it was incorporated in 1836, and now contains about 800 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses, 2 churches, an incorporated academy, in a flou- rishing condition, 4 taverns, 6 stores, 2 grist mills, 3 saw mills, 2 clothier's works, 2 asheries, 1 tan- nery, 1 furnace and 1 pottery.
AU SABLE, t. Clinton co. situ- ated 15 miles south of the village of Plattsburgh, and distant 140 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,222 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating on the east, and hilly on the west ; the soil is sandy and clay loam ; it is drained by the Great and Little Au Sable ri- vers, the former of which streams bound it on the south. The names of the post offices are Clintonville and New-Sweden.
Au SABLE, p. o. Jay, Essex county.
AU SABLE FORKS, V. and p. o. Jay, Essex co. is situated at the junction of the east and west branch of the Au Sable River; it contains about 500 inhabitants, 70 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 ta- verns, 5 stores, 1 extensive forge, 1 rolling mill, 1 nail factory, 2 saw mills and an establishment for the manufacture of nail kegs. In this vicinity are extensive and valuable iron ore beds , from which iron is manufactured to a great extent in the valley of the Au Sable.
AU SABLE RIVER, sometimes called the Great Au Sable, rises in Essex county, near the head war. ters of the Hudson, and empties into Lake Champlain in the south part of Clinton county ; it has two, main branches, which unite at the. village of Au Sable Forks; the
70
AU SABLE RIVER-AVON.
united stream then passes through occurred many years since, on the the manufacturing villages of Clin- west side of Mt. McMartin. tonville, Keesville and Birming- AvoCA, v. and p. o. Bath, Steu- ben co. is situated on the Conhoc- an immense extent. At Birming- ton river; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, I Presbyterian church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 flouring mill & 2 sawmills ham, affording hydraulic power to ham, two miles below Keeseville, are a succession of picturesque falls, in all of about 150 feet de- scent; immediately below the low- er falls the river enters a deep ra- vine of singular and romantic beau- ty; through the chasm thus formed by the wearing of the waters, or some convulsion of nature, the rocks rise from 75 to 150 feet, al- most perpendicular, for a distance of about 2 miles, averaging about 50 feet in width, altogether form- ing a great natural curiosity. In addition to the above, there are other ravines in this vicinity of singular formation.
AU SABLE RIVER, LITTLE, rises in Clinton county, and flows into Lake Champlain a few miles north of the Great Au Sable.
AUSTERLITZ, t. Columbia co. situated 14 miles north-east of the city of Hudson, and distant 30 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,091 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly and broken, and in some places mountainous ; soil, gravelly and clay loam ; it is wa- tered by several small streams. The names of the post offices are Austerlitz, and Spencertown. At the former are located 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings.
AVA, p. o. Boonville, Oneida county.
AVALANCHE LAKE, is a small body of water, lying in the town of Newcomb Essex co. situated between Mts. McIntyre and Mc- Martin. This is by far the highest body of water in the state, that de- serves the name of a lake ; being elevated 2,900 feet above the tide waters of the Hudson, and is one of its tributaries. It takes its name from an avalanche that must have
-
AVON, t. Livingston co. situat- ed 8 miles north of the village of Geneseo, and distant 220 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,999 inhabitants. The surface on the west is hilly, rising from the Genesee valley, but on the east more level ; soil, sandy, clay and loam of a rich quality ; the allu- vial flats on the borders of the streams are very fertile, producing grass and grain in great abun- dance. In this town there are se- veral mineral springs, which de- serve a particular description ; it is watered by the Genesee river, the outlet of Conesus lake and other small streams. The names of the post offices are Avon, East Avon and South Avon.
AVON, v. and p. o. Livingston co. is delightfully situated about half a mile east of the right bank of the Genesee river, on an elevat- ed terrace about one hundred feet above the river, commanding an extensive prospect of the Genesee valley and surrounding country. Connected with the village, on the south-west, are the, justly famed medicinal springs, giving celebrity to this place, which contains about 600 inhabitants, 90 dwelling hous- es, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, an incorporated and flourishing academy, 3 hotels and taverns, 3 public boarding houses and 3 bathing houses situat- ed near the springs for the accom- modation of visitors, 4 stores and a number of mechanic shops. The mineral springs are distinguished as the Upper and Lower Springs, distant from each other sixty or eighty rods, possessing similar pro-
71
AVON-BAKER'S BRIDGE.
perties, differing only in the rela- tive quantities of the same mineral affinities. Analysis and experi- ence have fully tested the sanative properties of these waters; they are found peculiarly efficacious in dis- orders of the digestive organs, rheumatic complaints and gout, and in many of the most formidable cu- taneous affections. The accommo- dations for bathing are extensive and handsomely arranged, afford- ing altogether, for the invalid and seekers of pleasure, unrivalled at- tractions.
The water, on analysis, is found to contain the following properties:
Upper Spring,
As analyzed by Professor James Hadley, of Fairfield. One gallon contains,
Carbonate of lime,
grs.
Sulphate of lime, ..
84
Sulphate of magnesia,.
10
Sulphate of soda, . 16
Muriate of soda, 18.4
Am't of saline ingredients, .. 136.4 grs. Per volume, sulphuretted hy- drogen gas, · 12 cub. in.
Carbonic acid do. 5.6 66
Lower Spring,
As analyzed by Samuel Salisbu- ry, Jr., M. D., of Avon.
One gal- lon contains,
Carbonate of lime, . 29.33 grs.
Chloride of calcium,
8.41
Sulphate of lime,
57.44
Sulphate of magnesia, 49.61
Sulphate of soda, 13.73 66
Am't of saline ingredients, .. . 158.52 Carbonic acid, 3.92 cubic inches. Per volume, sulphuretted hy- drogen gas,
10.02 cub. in.
Nitrogen do., 5.42 ¥
Oxygen do., 56
The temperature of these waters is 45 degrees, Fahrenheit; specific gravity, 10.018; quantity of water discharged, 54 gallons per minute. There are within a circumference of one square mile, ten other springs, some of which are more highly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen gas than the two above analyzed.
AXEVILLE, p. o. Connewango, Cattaraugus co.
BABYLON, V. and p. o. Hun- tington, Suffolk co. is situated be- tween Sampawan's and Babylon creeks, near Great South Bay; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian church, 3 taverns, 4 stores and 4 mills. This is a very desirable place of resort during the summer months, for those fond of fishing and fowling.
BAILEYTOWN, V. Romulus, Seneca co. situated on east side of Seneca lake, is a small settlement, containing 2 taverns, 1 store, 1 warehouse and 12 or 15 dwellings. A steam ferry boat plies across the lake from this place to Dresden.
BAINBRIDGE, t. Chenango co. situated 16 miles south of the vil- lage of Norwich, and distant 110 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,324 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly, soil of good quality for grass or grain; it is watered by the Susquehannah river and some of its tributaries. The names of the post offices are Bainbridge, Bainbridge Centre, North Bain- bridge and South Bainbridge.
BAINBRIDGE, V. and p. o. Bain- bridge, Chenango co. is situated on the west side of the Susquehan- nah river; it was incorporated in 1829, and now contains about 500 inhabitants, 90 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 4 stores, 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill and 2 tanneries.
BAINBRIDGE CENTRE, p. o. Bainbridge, Chenango co.
BAITING HOLLOW, p. o. Ri- verhead, Suffolk co.
BAKER'S BRIDGE, V. Alfred, Allegany co. is situated on the Ca- nisteo river, on the line of the New- York and Erie railroad; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, 1 Baptist church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 2 grist mills and 1 saw mill.
72
BALD MOUNTAIN-BALLSTON SPA.
BALD MOUNTAIN, is a high tavern, 1 store and 10 or 12 dwell- range of hills in Petersburgh, ings. Rensselaer co. extending into the towns of Hoosick on the north and Berlin on the south.
BALDWIN, p. o. Elmira, Che- mung co.
BALDWIN'S CREEK, rises in the town of Erin, Chemung co. and flows south into the Chemung ri- ver.
BALDWINSVILLE, V. and p. o. Lysander, Onondaga co. is situated on the north side of Seneca river; it contains about 1,000 inhabitants, 150 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 3 taverns, 8 stores, 1 large woollen factory; 3 flouring mills, one of which is very extensive; 3 saw mills, 1 iron foundery, 2 machine shops, 1 sash factory, 1 veneering machine, 3 turning establishments, besides various other kinds of me- chanics' shops, many using water power, which is here afforded in great abundance. Canal naviga- tion is extended to this place by means of a towing path on the bank of the river, running into the Oswe- go canal. Here are located the Baldwinsville Seminary, a flourish- ing school for males and females, and the Onondaga Mutual Insu- rance Company.
BALLSTON, t. Saratoga co. si- tuated 4 miles south of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 26 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,044 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating; soil, chiefly strong gravelly loam; it is watered by several small streams; on its east boundary, lies Ballston or Long lake, a body of water about 4 miles long, on the west of which runs the Schenectady and Saratoga railroad. Ballston Centre, Burnt Hills and East Line are names of post offices.
BALLSTON CENTRE, p. O. Ballston, Saratoga co .; here is situ- ated an agricultural settlement,con- sisting of 1 Presbyterian church, 1
BALLSTON, or LONG LAKE, situated in the town of Ballston, Sa- ratoga co. is about 4 miles long and half a mile wide; it abounds in pickerel, perch and other fish.
BALLSTON SPA, V. and p. o. Milton, Saratoga co. is situated in a valley near the Kayaderosseras creek, 30 miles north of the city of Albany, by railroad; it was incor- porated in 1807, and now contains about 1,500 inhabitants, 200 dwell- ing houses, a court house and jail constructed of brick, and a county clerk's office; 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist and 1 Metho- dist church, 1 banking house, se- veral select schools, 6 hotels and ta- verns, and several private boarding houses, which accommodate visi- tors during the summer months ; 20 stores of different kinds; 1 printing office, besides a number of mecha- nic shops; 2 flouring mills, 1 saw mill, 1 iron foundery, 1 machine shop, 1 distillery and 2 tanneries. The Sans Souci Hotel, erected by the late Nicholas Low, Esq., in 1803, is an old and popular board- ing house, delightfully situated near the centre of the village; it is thronged during the warm wea- ther with visitors from every sec- tion of the Union and Europe. This place has long been justly ce- lebrated for the mineral springs, which here flow to the surface, through several channels. The oldest and still the most esteemed fountain is known as the " Public Well," on the flat west of the Sans Souci. It is said to have been first discovered by the whites, in 1769, during the survey and partition of the Kayaderosseras patent; it is- sues from a bed of stiff blue clay and gravel, nearly on a level with the brook which runs through the village. Besides the above spring, there is the new Washington Spring, and some five or six other
73
BALLSTON SPA-BARCELONA.
mineral fountains, possessing pro- | Hydriodate of soda,.
perties of a similar character .- During the summer of 1817, a new spring was discovered in the chan- nel of the brook, below the Public Well, which for a time bid fair to eclipse all the other springs in this vicinity; it issued from a circular opening of several feet in diame- ter, affording an immense quantity of water and carbonic acid gas, attended with all the characteristics of strong mineral impregnation. This singular fountain continued about two years, the wonder and admiration of all who saw and drank of its waters ; at length, how- ever, the abundant carbonic acid seemed to be exhausted, and its other mineral qualities diminished, or to have taken some other course, and all attempts to reclaim it have proved fruitless, although there is still an abundant supply of water. This was called the Washington Spring. After the losing of the above valuable spring, attempts were made by boring to obtain a further supply of mineral waters in this place, which has been attend- ed with partial success ; of which the New Washington Spring and the Park Spring are the most noted. All these waters evidently belong to the same class with those of Saratoga Springs; and if they do not contain quite so large a pro- portion of the saline properties as some of the fountains at the latter place, which is very manifest both from the taste and the effects, they are unquestionably entitled to rank among the best acidulous chaly- beate waters, which this or any other country affords.
The following is the late Dr. Steel's analysis of the New Wash- ington Spring. One gallon con- tains the following articles, viz. Chloride of sodium, ..... 89.83 Bi-carbonate of soda, .... 18.057 Bi-carbonate of magnesia, 42.042 Carbonate of lime, .. .. 41.51
0.7
Carbonate of iron,. 3.71
Silex and alumine, 1.25
Solid contents in gall. grs. 197.099
The gas which it emits in great abundance is purely carbonic acid, probably combined with a small quantity of atmospheric air.
The Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, which extends from the city of Troy, terminates at Ballston Spa; and the Schenectady and Sa- ratoga Railroad passes through the village, uniting with the above road, and continues its route to Sa- ratoga Springs, a further distance of 7 miles. Two depots are locat- ed here, to accommodate travellers and for merchandise.
BANGALL, V. Stanford, Dutch- ess co. situated on the east side of Wappinger's creek; contains 1 Baptist church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill and 15 dwelling houses.
BANGOR, t. Franklin co. situat- ed 6 miles west of the village of Malone, and distant 220 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,289 inhabitants. The surface is level; soil, sandy loam, producing good crops of grass and grain; it is un- derlaid with rock and limestone, both affording excellent material for building, and is watered by Lit- tle Salmon river and some of the tributaries of Salmon river, which flow through Malone on the east. The name of the post office is Ban- gor, where is a small agricultural settlement, surrounded by a rich farming country.
BARBOURSVILLE, p. o. Tomp- kins, Delaware co.
BARCELONA, V. and p. o. West- field, Chautauque co. situated on Lake Erie, is the westernmost vil- lage in the state, 51 miles south- west of the city of Buffalo. It con- tains about 300 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 2 taverns and 10 stores and storehouses. This is a
74
BARE MOUNTAIN-BARTON.
port of entry, and is much resorted to by steamboats and large vessels navigating the lake; it is suscepti- ble of being made a good and se- cure harbor; a large amount of agricultural products is exported from this place. Here is situated a lighthouse, which is lighted by inflammable gas; it escapes from the bed of a creek about a mile dis- tant, and is carried in pipes to the lighthouse.
BARE MOUNTAIN, is one of the western peaks of the " High- lands," lying in the towns of Corn- wall and Monroe, Orange co.
BARKER, t. Broome co. situated 12 miles north of the village of Binghamton, and distant 135 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,259 inhabitants. The surface is undulating and hilly; soil, well adapted to grazing; it is watered by the Tioughnioga and some of its tributaries. The names of post offices in the town are Chenango Forks and Hyde Settlement.
BARNEGAT, V. Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co. is situated on the east side of the Hudson river, 4 miles south of the village of Poughkeep- sie ; it contains about 180 inhabi- tants, 1 tavern, 1 store and 25 or 30 dwellings. Here are several ex- tensive lime kilns, producing a large amount of lime, which is sent to market by sloops engaged in that trade.
BARNHART'S ISLAND, lies in the St. Lawrence river, and is at- tached to the town of Massena, St. Lawrence co .; being the most northern island in the above river belonging to the U. States.
BARN ISLAND, GREAT, lies in the East river, on the north side of "Hell Gate," in the county of New-York, 7 miles from the City Hall. It is about 2 miles in cir- cumference.
BARN ISLAND, LITTLE, lies immediately north-east of the a- bove, separated by a narrow chan-
nel called " Little Hell Gate," and at the junction of Harlem and East rivers.
BARRE, t. Orleans co. contains the county buildings, situated in the village of Albion, and is distant 257 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 5,539 inhabitants. Sur- face undulating; soil loam, well adapted to grass and grain. Thro' this town passes the Erie canal; it is also watered by several small streams. The names of the post offices are Barre, Barre Centre, Albion, Farmington and South Barre.
BARRE CENTRE, p. o. Barre, Orleans co .; here are situated 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 steam flouring mill and about 20 dwell- ings.
BARREN ISLAND, attached to Flatlands, Kings co. lies at the mouth of Jamaica Bay, between Plumb Inlet and Rockaway Inlet.
BARRINGTON, t. Yates co. si- tuated 8 miles south of Penn-Yan, and distant 193 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,868 inhabi- tants. The surface is undulating; soil mostly gravelly loam of good quality, well adapted to grass and grain. It lies on the east of Crook- ed Lake, and is drained by several small streams. Barrington and East Barrington are names of post offices.
BARRYTOWN, p. o, Redhook, Dutchess co., commonly called Redhook Lower Lunding, is situat- ed on the east side of the Hudson river, 94 miles north of the city of New-York; here is located a con- venient landing, 1 tavern, 2 stores and several dwellings. In this vi- cinity are a number of splendid country residences, overlooking the river and surrounding country.
BARRYVILLE, p. o. Forrest- burgh, Sullivan co.
BARTON, t. Tioga co. situated 15 miles west of the village of Owego, and distant 181 miles from
75
BATAVIA-BATH HOUSE.
Albany; contained in 1840, 2,324 road from Albany to Batavia, the inhabitants. The surface hilly; the public convenience requires an early completion of this road, which is the last link to complete a chain of railroads from the city of Boston to Buffalo. Stages run from Batavia to Buffalo, west; Lockport and Albion, north; and Warsaw, on the south. uplands are rather sterile, while the valleys are very fertile. It lies in part between the Susquehannah and Chemung rivers, which form a junction a few miles below, at Ti- oga Point, in Penn .; the Cayuta creek also runs along near its west boundary. Barton, Factoryville and North Barton are the names of post offices. At the former there are situated 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 3 stores and 15 or 20 dwellings.
BATH, t. Steuben co. contains the county buildings, situated in the village of the same name ; it con- tained in 1840, 4,915 inhabitants. The surface although hilly and bro- ken, embraces much good arable land, especially in the valleys ; the soil is mostly clay loam ; it is well watered by the Conhocton river and some of its tributaries. The names of the post offices are Avo- ca, Bath, Campbell's Creek, Ken- nedyville, Mud Creek, and Pine- ville.
BATH, V. and p. o. Bath, Steu- ben co. is handsomely situated on the north-east side of the Conhoc- ton river, 216 miles west of the city of Albany. It was incorpo- rated in 1836, and now contains about 1400 inhabitants, 200 dwel- ling houses, a court house, jail, and county clerk's office, 2 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Metho- dist, and 1 African church, a fe- male seminary, 1 banking house, 4 hotels and taverns, 16 stores of different kinds, 2 printing offices, 1 flouring mill, 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 1 plaster mill, 1 oil mill, and 1 furnace.
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