USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 7
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The following are the names of the towns in the county of Albany, with the population in 1840.
ALBANY CITY, 33,721
| New-Scotland, 2,912
Berne,
3,740
Rensselaerville,
3,705
Bethlehem,
3,238
Watervliet, 10,141
Coeymans,.
3,107
Westerlo,. 3,096
Guilderland,
2,790
Knox,
2,143 | Total inhabitants, 68,593
ALBANY CITY, the capital of the state, oneof the oldestcitiesin the Union, is elegibly situated on the west side of the Hudson river, 145 miles north of the city of New- York, and in 42º 39' 3" N. Lat. and 3º 12' E. Lon. from Washington. It was originally called " Beaver Wyck" (i. e. Beaver town,) and afterward " Williamstadt." It re- ceived its present name in 1664, in honor of James, duke of York and Albany, afterwards James II., in whose reign the original city char- ter was granted by Governor Don- gan, July 22, 1686, and the gov- ernment vested in " The Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of Albany," consisting of the Mayor, Recorder, ten Aldermen and ten Assistants. The charter has been materially altered by re- cent enactments of the Legisla- ture; the assistant aldermen are merged in ten aldermen, but the corporate name is still preserved. It is now divided into 10 wards; in 1840, its population was 33,721.
It is indebted for its prosperity to the enterprise of its inhabitants, and the impulse given to its trade by the Erie and Champlain canals, which enter the Hudson river at the north end of the city. A basin has been formed in front of the .city, protected from the river by a
pier one mile and a quarter in length, furnishing a safe harbor, for vessels of all descriptions, and securing them from injury by the ice, which in the spring freshets, comes down the river in immense quantities, sometimes causing great damage. The city is commanding in its situation, and appears to great advantage from the river. There are three ravines running from east to west, known as the Foxes Kill, the Rutten Kill, and the Beaver Kill, on either side of which the land is high, being at an elevation of from 140 to 160 feet above, and gradu- ally ascending, from the river .- The view from either of the heights is picturesque in the highest de- gree. To the north may be seen the city of Troy and the adjacent villages, and in the distance the hills of Vermont. To the east the beautiful extent of country lying beyond the Hudson river, and to the south the Helderbergs, and Catskill mountains, with the river gliding at their base. The public build- ings are of the most beautiful and tasteful character. The Capitol, occupied by the Legislature and the state courts ; the State Hall, just completed, for the accommodation of the public offices; the City Hall, occupied for city and county pur- poses, and by the United States
54
ALBANY.
Courts; and also the Albany Aca- | popular and standard periodicals demy, having 400 pupils; face and reviews, native and foreign ; an excellent library of about 3200 volumes, and a lecture room capa- ble of seating 500 persons, in which two lectures a week are delivered, from the first of December to the first of March. Strangers have free access to all except the lecture room and library. the public squares at the head of State-street. This square is form- ed by the Capitol and Academy Parks, which are enclosed with substantial iron fences, erected on stone coping's, and are laid out with walks lined with ornamental trees of the choicest species. A more de- lightful spot in summer, is not to be found in any inland city in the Union. A few rods south of the square, on Eagle-street, is the County Jail and the Medical Col- lege. This college was incorpo- rated in 1839, and occupies a build- ing granted to it by the corporation of the city, admirably adapted for the purposes of its design. The College already possesses one of the most valuable museums in the country, which has recently been greatly enlarged and enriched, by specimens imported direct from Germany and France. In addition to the Academy spoken of, there is a Female Academy, which has an- nually from 300 to 350 pupils .- This institution ranks high, and occupies a handsome and conve- nient edifice, in North Pearl-street. Connected with it is the Albany Library, numbering 9000 volumes. There is also the Female Semina- ry, an excellent institution, though not large, in Division-street. The Albany Exchange, situated at the foot of State-street, is a large and commodious building, constructed of granite. It is occupied for stores, and the post office. The Young Men's Association, established for " Mutual Improvement," also oc- occupies rooms in this building ; it was the pioneer institution of its kind in the state, and embraces all ranks and professions, now number- ing 1500 members. It has an exten- sive reading room, supplied with the leading newspapers of this country and England ; also a room, furnished with the most ish Synagogues, 1 Bethel and 1
The Poor House is located one mile from the river on the south line of the city, and consists of four ex- tensive and convenient buildings, forming a square, and has connect- ed with it a farm of 150 acres cul- tivated by the inmates ; there is a hospital and insane department con .. nected with this establishment. One mile west of the City Hall is the Albany Orphan Asylum, a pri- vate incorporated institution under the government of a board of ma- nagers, which contains generally between 80 and 90 male and fe- male children, who enjoy the be- nefits of education, and moral and religious instruction ; it is depend- ent on the benevolent for its sup- port. Connected with St. Mary's church, is St. Joseph's Orphan Asy- lum, a Catholic institution, for fe- males only, which contains about 40 inmates, and is under the charge of Sisters of Charity. It is expect- ed that a similar institution for boys will soon be established. In addi- tion to the above, Albany contains 11 public squares, 24 public build- ing's owned by the city, viz. 3 Mar- kets, 10 District School Buildings with dwellings attached for teach- ers, 11 engine houses, all built of brick in a substantial manner and convenient in their arrangement. There are 4 Presbyterian, 1 Asso- ciate do. 3 Dutch Reformed, 4 Methodist Episcopal, 1 African do. 2 Baptist, 1 colored do. 2 Lutheran, 3 Episcopalian, 1 Universalist, 2 Roman Catholic, and 1 Independent church, 1 Mission House, 2 Jew-
55
ALBANY.
Friend's Meeting House. The old State Hall, recently occupied for state offices, is to be converted into a museum for the reception of the geological cabinet formed under the direction of the state geologi- cal surveyors, and when completed, will be an attractive and highly in- teresting and instructive place of resort. Among the public institu- tions whose meetings are held at Albany, are the New-York State Temperance Society, the State Ag- ricultural Society, and the State Medical Society. There are also, in addition to those mentioned, in the city various benevolent, reli- gious and scientific institutions ; among them the Albany Institute, with a valuable library and exten- sive museum, occupying a room in the Albany Academy. In addition to the public buildings, are the Mu- seum, Stanwix Hall, Knickerback- er Hall, the Atheneum, the Com- mercial Buildings, and the Douw Buildings, the latter recently erect- ed at the corner of State and Mar- ket-streets, chiefly occupied for stores and offices, which have con- nected with them spacious halls for the accommodation of public as- semblages. The ball room in Stan- wix Hall is one of the largest in America, and is lighted by a dome 60 feet in heighth, supported by 4 columns and 8 antes. The ceiling and walls of Knickerbacker Hall are tastefully ornamented in the Italian manner.
That the trade, commerce and manufactures of Albany may be known, we subjoin the following statement, gathered from the most authentic sources, which may be relied on, viz .: There are 53 com- mission houses; 137 wholesale hou- ses; 35 importers ; 440 retail dry goods and other stores ; 612 groce- ries and provision stores,not includ- ed in the above; 30 lumber yards; 40 hotels and taverns, several of the highest reputation; 8 banks, with
| a capital of $2,751,000; 4 insu- rance companies, with a capital of $700,000; 10 printing and publish- ing offices, from which issue 17 daily and other newspapers and pe- riodicals; 20 hat, cap and fur ma- nufactories, producing annually over $900,000 worth of manufac- tured articles ; 4 extensive and se- veral minor tobacco factories; 2 morocco factories; 5 ropewalks ; 15 soap and candle factories; 1 sperm and whale oil and sperm candle factory; 5 musical instru- ment manufactories; 15 carriage manufactories, one of which is as large as any in the Union; 9 brew- eries; 1 bell foundery; 33 black- smith's shops; 2 comb manufacto- ries; 20 copper, tin and sheet iron manufactories ; 2 die cutters ; 3 engraving establishments ; 2 type foundries, and 1 stereotype foun- dery ; 4 gun manufactories ; 1 grate and fender factory; 5 jew- elry manufactories; 1 organ build- er; 2 oil cloth manufactories ; 8 stove manufactories; 15 brass foundries; 2 brush manufactories; 1 Burr mill stone do .; 4 carpet do .; 3 dye wood mills; 10 furnaces; 2 file cutters; 2 fire brick manufac- tories ; 2 glue do .; 3 steam sawing and planing machines ; 2 lamp ma- nufactories; 4 plaster mills; 4 plane manufactories; 6 steam en- gine do .; 1 philosophical instru- ment do .; 2 coach lace manufacto- ries ; 3 malting houses; 10 con- fectioners; 29 merchant tailors; 3 looking glass manufactories, be- sides many other kinds of mechanic establishments. In addition to the manufactories enumerated in the city, the Troy and Albany Nail Factories, the most extensive works of the kind in America, are principally owned by citizens of Albany, and also an extensive sati- net factory, situate on the Patroon's creek. In the year 1840, 27 steam boats and 51 tow boats plied regu- larly between Albany and New-
56
ALBANY.
York and the intermediate places on the Hudson river. In the same year, 166 schooners, 202 sloops, and 1 brig arrived at Albany, the total tonnage of which was 39,- 016 tons. The Mohawk and Hud- son Rail Road, among the first roads built in the country, and con- nected with the Utica and Sche- nectady and Saratoga and Sche- nectady Rail Roads, terminates at Albany. An arrangement is about to be made by which the inclined planes, which form so great an ob- jection to this road, are to be dis- pensed with. The Albany and West Stockbridge Rail Road connects with the Western Rail Road at the state line between Massachusetts and N. York, forming a continuous line of rail roads from Albany to Boston. In addition to the rail road and steamboat lines, there are 18 lines of stages running from Al- bany to different places. It is estimated that 1100 passengers ar- rive and depart daily. In 1840, 1,355,603 barrels of flour arrived at Albany by the canal, and 26,147 by the rail road; 310,752 tons of freight were cleared at the collec- tor's office. The termination of the canals and rail roads at Albany, ren- ders it the centre of trade and tran- shipment, and has opened to the enterprise of her merchants and ar- tisans an extent of country unsur- passed in its wealth and resources.
Distances from Albany to Bos- ton, by Railroad route. Miles.
To West Stockbridge, 38
State Line to Pittsfield, 11 49
Springfield, Western r. r. 52 101
Worcester, do. 54 155
Boston and Worcester r. r. 44 199
Distances from Albany to the City of Washington, by steam- boat and rail-road route. Miles.
New-York, by steam-boat, 145
Philadelphia, by Rail-road, 86 231
Baltimore, 96 327
Washington, 38 365
Distances from Albany to Buf- falo, by rail-road route; finished to Batavia.
Miles.
Mohawk and Hudson R. R. 16
Utica and. Schenectady, “ 77 93
Syracuse and Utica, 53 146
Auburn and Syracuse, " 26 172
Auburn and Rochester, " 79 251 Tonawanda, (Batavia,) " 32 283 Proposed route to Buffalo, 35 318
Distances from Albany to Mon- treal, via. Saratoga Springs and Lake Champlain.
Miles.
To Troy, by stage,
6
Ballston Spa, by rail-road, 24 30
Saratoga Springs, CC
7 37-
Whitehall, by stage, 39
76
St. John's, Can. steamboat, 150 226
La Prairie, by rail-road, 16 242
Montreal, by steamboat, 9 251
Distances from Albany, the ca- pitol of the state, to the several County seats, by the usual mail route, except when otherwise men- tioned.
Miles. Miles.
Albion, . 257|Malone, .. 212
Angelica, 256|Mayville, . 336
Auburn, by R. R. . 172 Martinsburgh, .. 142
Ballston Spa, ... 30 Monticello, . 113
Batavia, by R. R. 283 Morrisville, 101
Bath, 216 Newburgh, 85
Bedford,
130 New City, 122
Binghamton, ..
145 New-York, 145
Brooklyn,
146 |N'th Hempstead, 167
Buffalo, by R. R.
Norwich, 110
route, ,
318|Oswego, 167
Caldwell,
62 Ovid, 197
Canandaigua, by rail-road,
222
Penn-Yan, 212
Canton,
206 Piseco, 72
Carmel,
106|Plattsburgh, 162
Catskill, 35 Poughkeepsie, .. 73
Cooperstown,
66 |Pulaski, 153
Cortland,
140 Richmond, 158
Delhi,
77 Riverhead, 234
Elizabeth, 126 Rochester, R. R. · 251 46
Ellicottville, 292 Salcm,
199 Sandy Hill, .. . . 50
Fonda, by R. R. ·· Geneseo,
42
Schenectady, ... 15
Goshen,
105 Syracuse, R. R. · 146
Hudson,
29
Utica, R. R. 93
Ithaca, 170
Warsaw, 303
Johnstown, 45 Waterloo, R. R. . . 191
Kingston,
58 Watertown, .. 160
Lockport,
300 White Plains, .. . 131
Lyons,
191|Whitesboro, R. R. 97
Elmira, .
238|Schoharie, .. 32
Herkimer, R. R. · 80
Troy, .
6
Owego 167
57
ALBANY-ALEXANDER.
ALBANY AND WEST STOCK- Salmon river on the north, and BRIDGE RAIL ROAD, extends Salmon creek on the south. Sal- from Greenbush, opposite the city mon river, Sand Bank and Spruce of Albany, to the state line in the are names of post offices. town of Canaan, Columbia county, ALBION, V. and p. o. Barre, Orleans co., is handsomely situa- and "Housatonic" railroads, which ted on the Erie canal 257 miles west of the city of Albany ; it connecting with the "Western" terminates at the state line in the
town of West Stockbridge, Mass. was incorporated in 1829, and now It is 38 miles in length, running contains about 1,400 inhabitants, through the towns of Greenbush, Schodack, Kinderhook, Chatham and Canaan, and is graded for two tracks to Chatham, 23 miles, 200 dwelling houses, a court-house, jail and county clerk's office ; 2 banking houses ; an incorporated academy and Phipp's female se- where it joins the Hudson and Berk- minary, both in a flourishing con- dition, to each of which is attach- ed large brick edifices ; 1 Presby- terian, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church ; 3 taverns, 18 stores and groceries. 7 warehouses and 1 flouring mill. Here is a collec- tor's office and a convenient land- ing for canal boats.
shire railroad ; from thence a fa- vorable route has been surveyed for its prolongation to the city of New- York. The remaining 15 miles from Chatham to the state line, is graded for one track, excepting the rock cuts and a tunnel 600 feet long, which are excavated for two tracks. The maximum grade is 40 feet to the mile ; the grade with one exception ascends toward the east ; the point of crossing the state line, being 895 feet above high wa- ter in the Hudson river at Albany. The superstructure is of the most approved and permanent character. The estimated cost of the whole road is $1,412,000, being about $37,000 per mile. This road, (which is just finished, January, 1842,) connects the city of Alba- ny with the city of Boston, by one continuous line of railroads. The following are the distances from place to place, on the above road : Albany to Schodack, .. miles, 7를
Kinderhook,
7% 15 Chatham, 8 23 Canaan, 10 33
State Line, .
5
38
ALBION, t. Oswego co., situated 25 miles east of the village of Oswego, and distant 147 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,503 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating and the soil good, producing white pine, hemlock, maple and beech timber; it is watered by
ALDEN, t. Erie co. situated 18 miles east of the city of Buffalo, and distant. 272 miles from Alba- ny ; contained in 1840, 1,984 in- habitants ; the surface is undula- ting, and the soil adapted to grass, and with proper cultivation to dif- ferent kinds of grain. Through this town passes the proposed route of the Buffalo and Batavia rail- road ; it is watered by the Cayuga and Ellicott's creek. The names of the post offices in the town, are Alden and Reservation.
ALDEN, V. and p. o. Alden, Erie co. contains about 200 inhab- itants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 Pres- byterian church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 1 ashery.
ALDER CREEK, p. o. Boon- ville, Oneida co.
ALEXANDER, t. Genesee co. situated 8 miles south of the vil- lage of Batavia, and distant 247 from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,242 inhabitants; the surface is a little uneven and the soil mostly clay loam, producing large crops of grain and grass. The Tona- wanda creek flows through the cen-
.58
ALEXANDER-ALLEGANY.
tre of the town, nearly north and , dwelling houses, 1 tavern, 2 stores, south ; the names of the post offi- 3 store-houses and 1 ashery. ces are Alexander and Brookville.
ALEXANDER, V. and p. o. Alex- ander, Genesee co. is situated on the Tonawanda creek; it was in- corporated in 1834, and now con- tains about 500 inhabitants, 80 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Universalist church, an incorpo- rated classical school in a flourish- ing condition, 1 bank, 2 taverns, 4 stores, 1 flouring mill, 1 clothier's works and 1 tannery.
ALEXANDRIA, t. Jefferson co. situated on the St. Lawrence ri- ver, 20 miles north of the village of Watertown, and distant 190 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,475 inhabitants ; in 1841 this town was divided by an act of the legis- lature, and a new town formed of the eastern portion, called Theresa. The surface is gently undulating, and the soil clay and marly loam ; belonging to this town are several islands in the St. Lawrence, com- prising a part of the "Thousand Islands." "Alexandria, Plesis and Redwood are names of post offices in this town, on the east boundary of which lies Clear, Crystal and Butterfield lakes.
ALEXANDRIA, v. and p. o. A- lexandria, Jefferson co. is situated on the east side of the St. Lawrence river; it is a port of entry and a convenient steamboat landing, con- taining about 150 inhabitants, 25
ALEXANDRIA, v. Ticondero- ga, Essex co. is situated on the outlet of Lake George, at the up- per falls, one mile below the steam- boat landing, and three miles above the landing on Lake Champlain; it contains about 350 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 tavern, 1 store, 5 saw mills, and 1 trip hammer works. This place is chiefly own- ed by Edward Ellis, Esq. of the city of London; it was formerly a flourishing place of business, but like most places owned by foreign- ers, it has been suffered to go to de- cay and now presents a dilapidated appearance. Here isa water pow- er, mostly unoccupied, probably unsurpassed by any in the state, there being within the distance of a mile, a fall of upwards of 200 ft., affording a supply of water in the dryest seasons of 400 cubic feet per second.
ALFRED, t. Allegany co. situ- ated 12 miles south-east of Angeli- ca, and distant 244 miles from Al- bany; contained in 1840, 1,630 in- habitants. The surface is uneven and hilly, and the soil well adapt- ed for grazing. Through this town runs the line of the New-York and Erie rail road; it is watered by se- veral small streams, and contains Alfred and Vandermark post offi- ces. Baker's Bridge is the name of a settlement.
ALLEGANY COUNTY, taken from Genesee in 1806, is centrally distant 250 miles from the city of Albany; it is one of the southern tier of counties, being bounded on the south by the Pennsylvania state line; on the west by Cattaraugus county; on the north by the counties of Ge- nesee and Livingston, and on the east by the county of Steuben. This county embraces two distinct ranges of high table land, running north and south; one in the eastern, the other in the western part of the coun- ty; these ridges are elevated from 1,500 to 2,500 feet above the tide waters of the Hudson river; the valley of the Genesee, which lies be- tween these ridges, embraces much fine and cultivated land. The soil of the uplands is also of a good quality, well adapted to grazing. The principal streams that belong to this county, in addition to the Genesee river, which flows nearly through the centre, may be named Black
59
ALLEGANY-ALLEN'S CREEK.
creek, Dike creek, East and West Koy creeks, Cold creek, Caneadea creek, and Campen's creek, all of which run into the Genesee river. The mineral productions of this county of value, are but few ; it contains, however, several beds of bog iron ore, and the Oil Spring, on the west line of the county, belonging to the Seneca tribe of Indians, yields large quantities of Seneca oil, and is an object of considerable interest. The area of Allegany co. is about 1,185 square miles, or 758,380 acres. The Genesee river, which rises in Pennsylvania, flows through the cen- tre of this county from south to north. The Genesee Vulley Canal also passes through it, terminating at Olean, Cattaraugus county, where it intersects the Allegany river; and when completed the New- York and Erie Rail Road will extend across the county from east to west.
The following are the names of the towns in Allegany county, with the population in 1840.
Alfred, 1,630
/ Genesee, 578
Allen,.
867
Granger, 1,064
Almond,
1,434
Grove, 623
Amity,
1,354
Hume, . 2,303
Andover, 848
Independence,
1,440
ANGELICA, 1,257
New Hudson,
1,502
Belfast,
1,646
Nunda,
2,637
Birdsall
328
Osian,
938
Bolivar,
408
Pike,
2,176
Burns,
867
Portage,
4,721
Cancadea,
1,633
Rushford,.
1,512
Centreville,
1,513
Clarksville, 326
Cuba, 1,768
Wirt,
1,207
Eagle,
1,187
Friendship,
1,244
Total inhabitants,. 40,975
tying its waters into the Ohio river, at Pittsburg. This stream is navi- gable for boats of small draft of wa- ter, from the village of Olean, the terminating point of the Genesee Valley Canal, to Pittsburg in Penn- sylvania, a distance of 230 miles, by water. The United States govern- ment have recently made surveys, preparatory to improving its navi- gation for boats of a larger class, which, when finished, will afford uninterrupted navigation for steam- boats from Olean to New-Orleans, during high water. The whole length of the river is 300 miles, and by its union with the Monongahela at Pittsburg forms the Ohio.
ALLEN'S CREEK, rises in Wy- oming co., and flows through the eastern part of Genesee into Monroe county, where it empties into the
ALLEGANY CITY, V. Olean, Cattaraugus co. is situated on the north side of the Allegany river, 3 miles below the village of Olean. This is a newly projected place, and derives its importance from its being on the line of the New-York and Erie rail road, where it first approaches the Allegany river; it now contains 1 tavern, 1 steam saw mill and a few dwellings. The site of this place is owned by capita- lists, who intend to make extensive improvements on the completion of the rail road.
ALLEGANY RIVER, rises in Pennsylvania and enters the state of New-York near the south-east angle of the county of Cattaraugus, through which it runs in a circui- tous route about 45 miles, when it again re-enters Pennsylvania, emp-
Scio, .
1,156
West Almond, 808
60
ALLEN-ALTITUDES.
Genesee river; this is an important | forming the head branches of the mill stream, on the banks of which are situated a great number of fac- tories and mills, and several flou- rishing villages.
ALLEN'S HILL, p. o., Rich- mond, Ontario co. Here are lo- cated 1 church, 1 tavern, 2 stores, and 12 dwellings.
ALLEN, t. Allegany co. situate 7 miles north of Angelica, and dis- tant 244 miles from Albany ; con- tained in 1840, 867 inhabitants. The surface is undulating and the soil clay and sandy loam ; it is drained by several small streams. Allen and Allen Centre, are names of post offices ; at both of which there are small settlements.
ALLOWAY, V. and p. o. Lyons, Wayne co., is situated on the east side of the Canandaigua outlet, 3 miles south of the village of Ly- ons ; it contains about 300 inhabi- tants, 40 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 2 flouring mills, 2 saw mills, 2 distilleries, and 2 cloth dressing works.
ALLUVIAL WAY, or RIDGE ROAD, is a work of nature, ex- tending from the Genesee river, near Rochester, to the Niagara river, near Lewiston ; it presents the appearance of a ridge compos- ed of beach sand and gravel stones, apparently worn smooth by the ac- tion of water. Its general width is from 6 to 8 rods, and raised in the middle ; on the top of which is located an excellent road, called the "Ridge Road," extending a distance of upwards of 80 miles, being from 6 to 10 miles south of the present shore of Lake Ontario, whose boundary it once no doubt formed.
ALMOND, t. Allegany co. sit- uated 14 miles east of Angelica, and distant 240 miles from Alba- ny; contained in 1840, 1434 inha- bitants ; the surface is somewhat hilly, being broken by several streams, which water this town,
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