USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 20
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EATON, V. and p. o. Eaton, Madison co. contains about 600 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and I Baptist church, 2 taverns, 5 stores, 1 wool- len factory, I cotton factory, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills, 1 distillery, 1 fur- nace, 1 tannery and 1 scythe fac- tory. -
EATON'S NECK, is a bold pro- montory, lying in the town of Huntington, on the north side of Long Island, on which there is a light-house.
ECKFORD CHAIN OF LAKES, so called, comprise three beautiful lakes, lying east of Racket lake, in Hamilton county; the two prin- ciple of which are named Eckford lake and Genet lake.
EDDYVILLE, V. Kingston, UI. ster co. is situated on the north side of the Rondout river, at the head of tide water, two miles a- bove the village of Rondout; it contains about 400 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 church, 3 ta- verns, 4 stores, and 3 freighting establishments ; I cotton factory, 2 hydraulic cement mills, 1 grist mill, and 1 dye wood mill, leaving an extensive water power still un- occupied. Here are owned 20 sloops, engaged in transporting lumber, hydraulic cement, produce and merchandise, most of which pass through the Delaware and Hudson canal, which terminates at this place. The deposit of the Lackawanna coal, belonging to the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- pany, is located at the village of Rondout, where they have exten- sive coal yards.
EDEN, t. Erie co. situated 14 miles south of the city of Buffalo, and distant 287 miles from Alba- ny; contained in 1840, 2,174 in- habitants. The surface is undula- ting; soil, gravelly loam and clay, well adapted to grain, grass and fruit; drained by the Cauquaga and Big Two Sisters creek, which flow into Lake Erie. Eden and Zoar are the names of post offices.
EDENVILLE, V. and p. o. War- wick, Orange co. contains about 150 inhabitants, 25 dwelling hous- es, 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns and 2 stores.
EDGECOMB CORNERS, P. O. Galway, Saratoga co.
EDINBURGH, t. Saratoga co. situated 20 miles north-west of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 50 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,45S inhabitants. The surface on the west undulating, and the Kayaderosseras or Greenfield mountain running across it; the soil is good on the west, especially along the alluvial flats of the Sa- condaga river. Edinburgh is the
EDDYTOWN, V. Starkie, Yates on the east hilly , and mountainous, co. is an agricultural settlement, containing about 150 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, and 1 tannery.
152
EDMESTON-ELIZABETHTOWN.
name of a post office, where is sit- | uated a small settlement.
EDMESTON, t. Otsego co. situ- ated 15 miles west of the village of Cooperstown, and distant 77 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,907 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly; soil, sandy loam; drained by Wharton's creek and the Unadilla river, by which it is bounded on the west. Edmeston and Edmeston Manor are names of post offices. At the former there are situated 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 grist mill and 8 or 10 dwellings.
EDNAM, V. Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co. is situated on the west side of Wappinger's creek; it contains the site of a large cot- ton factory, that was recently des- troyed by a freshet, and about 30 dwelling houses. It is closely con- nected with a small settlement on the opposite side of the creek of about the same size, where is a church, a tavern, a store and a post office ..
EDWARDS, t. St. Lawrence co. situated 24 miles south of the vil- lage of Canton, and distant 194 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 956 inhabitants. The sur- face is uneven; soil, clay loam, well adapted to grass; it is drained by the Oswegatchie river, whose east and west branches here unite. Edwards, Edwardsville and South Edwards are names of post offices.
EGYPT, p. o. Perrington, Mon- roe co.
EIGHTEEN MILE CREEK, rises in Niagara co. and flows in a north- erly direction into Lake Ontario.
ELBA, t. Genesee co. situated 7 miles north of the village of Bata- via, and distant 250 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,161 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating; soil, sandy and gravelly loam, on limestone; drained by Oak Orchard creek. Elba, Oak- field and Transit are names of post offices; Pine Hill is the name of a settlement.
ELBRIDGE, t. Onondaga co. situated. 13 miles west of the vil- lage of Syracuse, and distant 149 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 4,647 inhabitants. The sur- face is somewhat uneven and soil of good quality; drained by the outlet of Skaneateles lake, which flows north into Seneca river. In this town are remains of Indian an- tiquities of considerable interest; it is said that stones have been found here, having writing upon them in an unknown character. Elbridge, Jack's Reef and Jor- dan are names of post offices.
ELBRIDGE, V. and p. o. El- bridge, Onondaga co. contains about 300 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Bap- tist church, an incorporated acade- my, 3 taverns, 3 stores, 1 grist mill and I saw mill.
ELEVATIONS. See Altitudes and Elevations.
ELGIN, p. o. Lyndon, Cattarau- gus co.
ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Essex co. contains the county buildings situated in the village of the same name, and is distant 126 miles from Albany. The surface is moun- tainous ; the Clinton range run- ning through it from south to north ; some of the peaks are ele- vated from 12 to 1500 feet above the level of the plains. Iron ore of the best quality abounds in this vicinity. It is drained by the Boquet river and some of its tribu- taries.
ELIZABETHTOWN, V. and p. o. Elizabethtown, Essex co, is sit -. uated 8 miles west of Lake Cham plain on a branch of the Boquet river; it contains about 300 inhab- itants, 45 dwelling houses, a court house, jail and county clerk's of- fice, a state arsenal, 1 church, 4 taverns and 5 stores. This village is situated in a beautiful valley, surrounded by mountains on three sides-the scenery being exceed- ingly grand and picturesque
153
ELIZAVILLE-ELLINGTON.
ELIZAVILLE, p. o. Columbia co.
ELLENBURGH, t. Clinton co. situated 25 miles north of the vil- lage of Plattsburgh, and distant 188 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,171 inhabitants. The surface is hilly but mostly suscep- tible of profitable cultivation; itis drained by English river and some other streams which flow north into Canada. Ellenburgh is the name of a post office.
ELLENVILLE, V. and p. o. Wawarsing, Ulster co. is situated on the Delaware and Hudson canal, at the junction of the Sandbar creek and Good Beerskill; it con- tains about 700 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 3 taverns, 6 stores, 1 extensive glass bottle and demijohn factory, 4 saw mills, and an iron foundery and manufactory of edge tools. There is situated within half a mile of this village a lead mine, said to be the oldest mineral lo- cality worked in this region, and probably one of the first places at which mining operations, with a view to obtain lead ore, were car- ried on in this state.
ELLERY, t. Chautauque co. sit- uated 8 miles east of the village of Mayville, and distant 342 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,242 inhabitants. The surface is undulating; soil, sandy and gravel- ly loam of good quality, much of it heavilly timbered; it is drained by several small creeks flow- ing into Chautauque lake, which bounds it on the south-west. El- lery and Union Ellery are names of post offices. At the former there are situated 1 church, 1 ta- 2 stores and 15 or 20 dwel- lings.
surface is undulating, declining south towards Chautauque lake; soil, sandy and gravelly loam; it is watered by Cassadaga creek and the outlet to Chautauque lake. Fluvanna, Jamestown and Levant are names of post offices, and Dexterville is the name of a new settlement.
ELLICOTT'S CREEK, rises in Genesee co. and flows westerly across Erie county, into Niagara river, near the mouth of Tona- wanda creek. This is a good mill stream, on which are situ- ated a number of factories and mills.
ELLICOTTVILLE, t. Cattarau- gus co. contains the county build- ings situated in the village of the same name, and is distant 292 miles from Albany; it contained in 1840, 1,084 inhabitants. The surface is mostly undulating, ex- cept along Great Valley creek, where is a deep valley; soil, sandy and gravelly loam, good for grass or grain; it is drained by Great Valley creek and some of its tri- butaries. Ellicottville and Plato are names of post offices.
ELLICOTTVILLE, V. and p. o. Ellicottville, Cattaraugus co. is situated on Great Valley creek, 290 miles west of the city of Al- bany. It was incorporated in 1837 and now contains about 600 inhab- itants, 80 dwelling houses, a court house, jail and county clerk's of- fice, 2 churches, 3 taverns, 4 stores, 1 saw mill and 1 tannery. This place is the location of two exten- sive land offices, which adds much to its importance.
ELLINGTON, t. Chautauque co. situated 20 miles east of the vil- lage of Mayville, and distant 320 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,725 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating ; soil, sandy and
ELLICOTT, t. Chautauque co. situated 18 miles south-east of the village of Mayville, and distant gravelly loam; drained by Clear 330 miles from Albany; contained creek. Ellington and Clear creek in 1840, 2,571 inhabitants. The are names of post offices.
154
ELLISBURGH-ENFIELD.
ELLISBURGH, t. Jefferson co. a court house and jail, and county situated 20 miles south-west of the village of Watertown and distant 166 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 5,349 inhabitants. The surface is level; soil, sandy loam of a rich quality; drained by the north and south branches of Sandy creek, which flows into Lake On- tario, affording fine water power. Ellisburgh, Bellville, Mannsville and Woodville are names of post offices.
ELLISBURGH, V. and p. o. El- lisburgh, Jefferson co. is situated on Sandy creek; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling hous- es, I Presbyterian church, 2 tav- erns, 2 stores, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills, 1 oil mill and 1 carding and fulling mill.
ELLIS' ISLAND, on which is situated Fort Gibson, lies opposite the city of New-York at the mouth of the Hudson river, and belongs to the United States government. This island is sometimes called Gibbet Island, from the fact of here being usually executed pi- rates, and others who are condemn- ed to suffer death under the laws of the United States.
ELMIRA, t. Chemung co. con- tains the county buildings situated in the village of the same name, and is distant 198 miles from Al- bany; it contained in 1940, 4,791 inhabitants. The surface is some- what hilly; soil in the valleys and flats rich and productive; it is drained by Newton's creek flowing into the Chemung ri- ver, which bounds it on the south-west. Elmira, Baldwin and .Fairport are names of post offi- ces.
ELMIRA, V. and p.o. Elmira, Che- mung co. is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Chemung river, 198 miles south of west from Albany; it was incorporated in 1828, and now contains about 2,300 inhabitants, 350 dwelling houses,
clerk's office ; an incorporated aca- demy and a female seminary, 1 banking house, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal and 1 Metho- dist church; a mechanic's hall, to which is attached a flourishing as- sociation of mechanics and a pub- lic library; 5 hotels and taverns; 40 stores of different kinds, 3 store houses, 3 large flouring mills, 3 ex- tensive steam furnaces, 3 plaister mills, 1 tannery and a boat yard for building and repairing canal boats. The water power at this place, which is very great, is de- rived from the river and Newton's creek, which empties into it at this point; only a part of the hydraulic power is now used for manufactur- ing purposes. The Chemung ca- nal terminates at Elmira, where are two extensive basins, on which are located storehouses and lumber yards; the amount of lumber alone exported from this place to eastern markets is estimated at 10,000,000 feet of marketable planks and boards. In addition to the above, large quantities of lumber of va- rious kinds, salt and plaister are floated down the Chemung and Susquehanna rivers on rafts and in arks to the states of Pennsylva- nia and Maryland. The New- York and Erie railroad, which is in a rapid state of construction, passes through this village, which is about equi-distant between Pier- mont and Dunkirk. A central de- pot is located here for the use of the company; this is also the ter- minating point of the Williams- port and Elmira railroad, 25 miles of which is completed and in ope- ration. A toll bridge, constructed of wood, 700 feet in length, cross- es the Chemung river at this place; a railroad bridge is also construct- ed a short distance above the toll bridge.
ENFIELD, t. Tompkins co. sit- uated 5 miles west of the village of
155
ENGLISH RIVER-ERIE.
Ithaca, and distant 175 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,340 inhabitants. The surface is undu- lating; soil, gravelly loam of a good quality ; it is drained by two or three small streams. Enfield and West Enfield are names of post offices.
ENGLISH RIVER, rises in the north-west part of Clinton co. and flows north into Canada, where it empties its waters into the Cha- teaugay river; its length is about 30 miles.
ENLARGED ERIE CANAL. See Erie Canal.
EPHRATAH, t. Fulton co. si- tuated 6 miles west of the village of Johnstown, and distant 51 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,009 inhabitants. The surface is uneven; soil, sandy loam. It is drained by Garoga and Zim- merman's creek. Ephratah, Ga- roga, Lassellville and Pleasant Valley, are names of post offices.
EPHRATAH, V. and p. o. E- phratah, Fulton co. contains about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling hou- ses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, | 1 grist mill, 3 saw mills, and 1 tannery.
ERIE COUNTY, taken from Niagara in 1821, is centrally distant 280 miles from the city of Albany; it is bounded on the north by Ni- agara county, east by Genesee and Wyoming, south by Cattaraugus, and west by Lake Erie. The surface is diversified, being level or undulating on the north, and somewhat hilly and broken by nume- rous streams, on the south. The soil is mostly good; on the north it is warm, sandy and gravelly loam, with some clay, well adapted to most kinds of grain; on the south clay predominates, which is very productive in grass; all parts yielding abundance of fruit of various kinds. It is underlaid by slate and limestone; the latter is extensive- ly quarried in the vicinity of Lake Erie and the Niagara river. This county cannot boast much of its mineral wealth ; iron pyrites, which is of but little value occurs in great abundance at Eighteen Mile creek, and elsewhere ; small quantities of some of the ores of copper have been observed near the village of Black Rock, and water limestone has been found on Grand Island. There is a sulphur spring of some character four miles from Buffalo, and a spring on Grand Island is of some interest, in consequence of its containing free sulphuric acid, al- though in a very dilute state. In addition to Lake Erie and the Nia- gara river, which water this county on the west, it is drained by Buffalo creek, Cayuga creek, Cazenove creek, Seneca creek, Ellicott's creek, Cauquaga creek, and Tonawanda creek on the north, and Cat- taraugus creek on the south boundary. This county contains several Indian Reservations ; a part of the Tonawanda Reservation on the north-east, the Buffalo Reservation near the centre of the county, and a part of the Cattaraugus Reservation on the south ; mostly inhabited by the Seneca tribe of Indians. The Erie canal here communicates with Lake Erie by means of a capacious basin, formed by the pier at Black Rock, while a branch canal extends into the city of Buffalo, where the state is about forming extensive basins to communicate with the navigable waters of Buffalo creek, and harbor of Buffalo. The Buffa- lo and Niagara Falls railroad extends from the city of Buffalo in a northern direction to the village of Niagara Falls, and the Buffalo and Black Rock railroud extends a distance of 3 miles; a railroad is also contemplated to extend from Buffalo to Batavia, which, when finished, will form one continued line of railroad from Boston to Lake
156
ERIE CANAL.
Erie. The area of this county is about 876 square miles, or 561,000 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Erie county, with the population in 1840.
Alden,
1,984 | Eden,
2,174
Amherst,
2,451
Evans,
1,807
Aurora,
2,908
Hamburgh,. 3,727
Black Rock, .
3,625
Holland, 1,242
Boston,
1,745
Lancaster, .
2,083
Brandt,.
1,088
Newstead,
2,653
BUFFALO CITY,
18,213
Sardinia,
1,743
Chictawaga,
1,137
Clarence,
2,271
Wales, .
1,987
Colden,
1,08S
Collins, .
4,257
Concord,.
3,021
Tonawanda,
1,261
Total inhabitants, . . .. 62,465
ERIE CANAL. This great work, by far the most important canal in the United States, extends from the tide waters of the Hudson river at the city of Albany, to Lake Erie, terminating at the city of Buffalo. Its general course from Albany is a little north of west, passing up the valley of the Mo- hawk river, which it crosses at the lower aqueduct, then follows the left or north bank of the Mohawk for 13 miles, when it re-crosses at the upper aqueduct; thence pur- sues the south bank of the above river, through the counties of Sche- nectady, Schoharie, Montgomery, Herkimer and Oneida, where it leaves the Mohawk valley, and continues west through the counties of Madison, Onondaga, Cayuga, the north-east angle of Seneca, Wayne, touching Ontario on the north at Port Gibson, Monroe, Or- leans, Niagara and Erie, where it terminates. Its whole length, in- cluding the basin at Albany, is 364 miles ; passing through several flourishing cities and villages, many of which have sprung into existence since its completition. It is intersected by several lateral canals of much importance, all of them communicating with other navigable waters. At the Lake Erie. Total rise from the
Cohoes, in the town of Watervliet, it forms a junction with the Cham- plain canal. At Utica it connects with the Chenango canal; at the village of Rome, with the Black River canal and Feeder ; in the town of Vernon, with the Oneida Lake canal ; at the village of Sy- racuse, with the Oswego canal ; at the village of Montezuma, with the Cayuga and Seneca canal ; and at the city of Rochester, with the Genesee Valley canal. From Al- bany west there are a succession of locks, until what is termed the "long level" is reached, in the town of Frankfort, Herkimer county, elevated 425 feet above the Hudson, extending to Syracuse, a distance of 693 miles, without any intervening lock ; from thence the line descends, and then re-ascends until it reaches Rochester, elevated 506 feet, where there is another continued level of 64 miles; when at Lockport the Canal ascends the mountain ridge, by five double combined locks, each 12.4 feet rise; nine miles west of Lockport the canal enters the Tonawanda creek, with which for a distance of about 10 miles it is identfied ; at a further distance of 12 miles this magnificent work unites with
F
157
ERIE CANAL-ERIE, LAKE.
Hudson river to Lake Erie, 560 feet ; rise and fall, 692 feet. It was commenced in 1817, and finished in 1825, at a total cost of $10,731,595.
By an act of the legislature in relation to the Erie canal, passed May 11, 1835, directing the canal commissioners, to enlarge and im- prove the Erie canal, the project of enlarging this before great work, was adopted ; the want of addition- al facilities for conducting the increased trade flowing through this channel having become appa- rent. Considerable progress has now been made on this stupendous undertaking, which, when finished, will command the admiration of the civilized world. There was put under contract prior to January 1839, over 100 miles of the en- larged canal, including the heavy rock cutting at Lockport, with all the mechanical structures there- on, comprising more than 50 dou- ble and single locks, besides the five double combined locks at Lockport; the aqueduct over the Genesee river at Rochester; the two aqueducts over the Mohawk river ; one over the Schoharie creek, and many other over smaller streams, including culverts, bridg- es, &c. The estimated cost of all the work for the enlargement of the Erie canal, is $23,284,931, of which there was put under contract up to 1841, $11,021,932, on which there has been paid $10,011,146 ; leaving a further expenditure of $13,273,784 to be provided for. The size of the Enlarged Erie Ca- nal, is to be 7 feet deep, and 70 feet wide on the surface, with a slope: of 2 feet to 1 in the banks, leaving a width at the bottom of 42 feet ; with double locks 18 feet wide, and 110 feet long. The present width of the old Erie canal is 40 feet on the surface, and 28 on the bottom, and 4 feet deep; the locks 15 feet wide, and 80 feet long.
ERIE, LAKE, lying between the United States and the British possessions in Canada, through the centre of which passes the bounda- ry line, is about 265 miles in length, and from 30 to 50 miles in breadth. Its surface is elevated 565 feet above the tide waters of the Hudson river at Albany, and 334 feet above Lake Ontario. The greatest depth which has been ob- tained in sounding this lake, is 270 feet. It receives the surplus wa- ters of Lakes Superior, Michigan and Huron, through the river St. Clair, which extends a distance of 35 miles, when it empties into a lake of the same name, of a circu- lar form, about 30 miles in diame- ter; from whence the river Detroit having a course of 29 miles, flows into Lake Erie. The communica- tion between the two latter lakes is navigable for vessels of a large class; while with the former, the navigation is interrupted by the falls of St. Mary's. It communi- cates with Lake Ontario, by its outlet, the Niagara river, through which the boundary line is conti- nued. Lake Erie is said to be the only one of the chain, in which there is any perceptible current, a circumstance which may, perhaps, be occasioned by its smaller depth of water. Its bottom is rocky, and the shallowness of its water, also renders it more easily and more permanently affected by frost, its navigation being generally ob- structed by ice for some weeks every spring, after that of all the other lakes are open and unim- peded. For about 60 miles this lake bounds the state of New-York on the north-west, receiving seve- ral large streams from Chautauque and Erie counties, which lie on its border, and possess some good har- bors, the most important of which are Dunkirk and Buffalo harbors ; the latter is situated atits east end, where commences the great Erie
158
ERIE LAKE-ERWIN.
canal, communicating with the navigable waters of the Hudson, which is fed for near half its length of 363 miles by the waters of Lake Erie, which are obtained by means of the state pier at Black Rock. This lake is also connected with Lake Ontario, by means of the Welland canal in Canada. In a commercial point of view this is the most important of all the great western lakes, or inland seas, now being navigated by several hundred steamboats and lake craft, many of them of a large size; transport- ing annually an immense amount of produce, the growth of the " Far West," and manufactured products to and from the eastern markets on the Atlantic seaboard. When it is considered that Lake Huron is 240 miles in length, and Lake Michi- gan 300, in addition to Erie and its connecting waters, without inclu- ding Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water on the globe, well may we use the language of an eminent English writer : " How little are they aware in Europe, of the vastness and extent of com- merce carried on in these inland seas, whose coasts are now lined with flourishing towns and cities, whose waters are ploughed with magnificent steamboats, and hun- dreds of vessels with merchandise. Even the Americans themselves are not fully aware of the rising importance of these lakes, as con, nected with the west." The dis- tance from Buffalo to Chicago by the nearest route, is 992 miles, viz : from Buffalo to Dunkirk 45 miles; Dunkirk to Portland, 16 ; Portland to Erie, 30 ; Erie to Conneaut, 30; Conneaut to Ashtabula, 14; Ashta- bula to Grand river, 30; Grand river to Cleveland, 30; Cleveland to Black river, 27; Black river to Huron, 20 ; Huron to Sandusky, 10; Sandusky to Detroit, 75 ; De- troit to Fort Gratiot, 72; Fort Gratiot to Point au Barques, 75 ;
Point au Barques to Thunder Bay Island, 75; Thunder Bay Island to Presque Isle, 80; Presque Isle to Mackinac, 65; Mackinac to Manitou Island, 103; Manitou to Milwaukie, 150; Milwaukie to Southport, 13; Southport to Chi- cago, 57. This is by the nearest route ; the steamboats in going be- tween the two points have to run eleven hundred miles, being more than one-third the distance across the Atlantic ocean. Lake Erie, in common with the other large lakes; abounds with a great variety of fish, such as sturgeon, muskalon- gin, or muskanunge, as called by the Indians, pike, pickerel, cat- fish, Buffalo-fish, white-fish, bass, perch, &c.
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