USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 40
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ONTARIO COUNTY, was taken from Montgomery in 1789; it then extended from its present eastern termination, one mile east of Geneva, to the northern, southern and western bounds of the state-be- ing then called the " Genesee country"-now termed Western New- York, and forming fourteen important counties. It is now bounded on the north by Monroe and Wayne counties, east by Seneca county, south by Yates and Steuben, and west by Livingston and Monroe; cen- trally distant 195 miles west from the city of Albany. The surface of this county is agreeably diversified. The soil is various ; but a warm rich loam or mould predominates, yielding large crops of wheat and other kinds of grain, fruit, &c. Seneca Lake lies on the east, Cana- dice, Honeoye and Hemlock lakes on the west, and Canandaigua Lake near the centre; most of these are important bodies of water, constituting in part the group of Central. Lakes of Western New-York. The outlet of Canandaigua lake flows north-east into Seneca river, while the outlet of the lakes on the west run north-west into the Genesee river. Iron ore, gypsum and marl are here very abundant, but one of the most interesting features in the mineralogical history of this coun- ty, is the abundant evolution of inflamable gas, or carburetted hydro- gen; there are also some sulphur springs of some importance. Here commences at the village of Geneva, the Cayuga and Seneca canal, while the Erie canal just touches the north bounds of this county at Port Gibson. The Auburn and Rochester railroad also passes from cast to west in a circuitous route. Its area is about 617 square miles, or 395,107 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Ontario county, with the population in 1840.
304
ONTARIO-ORAN
Bristol,.
1,953
Canadice, 1,341
CANANDAIGUA, . 5,652
East Bloomfield, . 1,986
Farmington, 2,122
Gorham,. 2,779
Hopewell, 1,976
Manchester, 2,912
Naples,
2,345
ONTARIO, t. Wayne co. situa- ted 22 miles north-west of the vil- lage of Lyons, and distant 208 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,889 inhabitants. The sur- face is level; soil, gravelly and sandy loam, drained by some small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the north. On- tario and West Ontario are names of post offices.
ONTARIO LAKE, the most east- ern of the great chain of lakes of North America, lies nearest to the Atlantic Ocean. The river St. Lawrence, which is its outlet, and flows from its eastern extremity, has a course of nearly one-thou- sand miles before reaching the ocean. It is 180 miles in length, and 60 miles in extreme breadth, being about 485 miles in circum- ference. Through the middle runs the boundary line between the United States and the British pos- sessions in Canada, which is con- tinued down the St. Lawrence to the 45th degree of north latitude, where the above river enters Cana da. This lake is navigable through- out its whole extent for vessels of the largest size; and it is said to be, in some places, upwards of 600 feet in depth. Its surface is elevated 231 feet above the Atlan- tic, and lies 334 feet lower than Lake Erie, with which it is con- nected by the Niagara river and by the Welland canal in Canada ; it has also been proposed to con- struct a ship canal on the Ameri- can side. The trade of Lake On- tario, from the great extent of in- habited country surrounding it, is
Phelps,. 5,563
Richmond, 1,937
Seneca, . 7,073
South Bristol,
1,375
Victor,. 2,393
West Bloomfield, 2,094
Total inhabitants, 43,501
very considerable, and is rapidly increasing. Many sail vessels and splendid steamers are employed in navigating its waters; which, ow- ing to its great depth, never free- zes, except at the sides, where the water is shallow; so that its navi- gation is not so effectually inter- rupted by ice as some of the other large lakes. The most important it places on th - Canadian or British b side of Lake Ontario, are Kingston, , which is the newly selected site for the capitol of Canada, Toronto, , Niagara and Coburgh; and on the e American shore, the villages of Sackett's Harbor, Oswego and Charlotte or Port Genesee. This lake is connected with the naviga- - ble waters of the Hudson river, by y means of the Oswego canal and a Erie canal. It receives numerous 9) streams, both from the Canadian a and the American sides, and d abounds with a great variety of f fish of an excellent flavor; the bass and salmon in particular, have a a high reputation and are taken in n large quantities.
OPPENHEIM, t. Fulton co. sit- uated 14 miles west of the village e of Johnstown, and distant 63 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1, 2,169 inhabitants. The surface is in part hilly and soil various ; it is drained by several small streams flowing south, and bounded on the west by East Canada creek. Op- penheim and Brockett's Bridge are names of post offices.
ORAN, V. and p. o. Pompey, Onondaga co. contains 1 church, 1 store, 2 taverns and 20.dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants
305
ORANGE-ORANGEVILLE.
ORANGE COUNTY, originally organized in 1683, since material- ly modified, is centrally distant 100 miles south from the city of Alba- ny ; it is bounded on the north by Ulster county, east by the Hudson river, south by Rockland county and the New-Jersey state line, and west by the county of Sullivan and the Delaware river, which separates it from Pennsylvania. A portion of this county is rugged and moun- tainous; on the south-east are the range denominated the " Highlands," while on the west are the Shawangunk mountains; the intervening ter- ritory is beautifully diversified with gently rising hills and extensive plains or valleys. No county in the state or probably in the Union, exceeds this in its live stock or productiveness of its dairies, both be- ing justly celebrated for their superiority. It is watered by the Dela- ware river and its tributaries on the west, the Wallkill in the centre and the Hudson on its east boundary, besides the head branches of the Ramapo river, which flows south into New-Jersey. In mineral pro- ductions this county is rich; there are vast beds of magnetic iron ore chiefly in the town of Monroe; in no part of the state, is there in an equal area, a greater quantity of this important mineral; there is also a bed near the village of Canterbury. Besides the above, hematic ore is also found in abundance, and it will, no doubt, be of great value, whether used separately or in mixtures with the magnectic ores. There are also several other deposites of minerals found here, one of which is Ilmenite, a rare mineral, found in two or three different localities. In addition to the Delaware and Hudson canal, which crosses the west part of this county, the line of the New- York and Erie railroad extends across it in its circuitous route westward. Its area is about 760 square miles, or 486,500 acres. Goshen and Newburgh are half shire towns.
The following are the names of the towns in Orange county, with the population in 1840.
Blooming Grove,
2,396 | Montgomery, 4,100
Cornwall,
3,925 Mount Hope, . 1,565
Crawford, 2,075
Deerpark, 1,607
GOSHEN, 3,889
Hamptonburgh, 1,379
Minisink,. 5,093
Monroe,
3,914
Total inhabitants, 50,739
ORANGE, t. Steuben co. situa -! in 1840, 2,771 inhabitants. The ted 16 miles east of the village of surfare is hilly ; soil, clay, blend- ed with red shale ; drained south by the Hackensack river, and watered on the east by the Hudson. Blauveltville, Nyack, Piermont and Tappantown are names of post offices. Bath, and distant 205 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,824 inhabitants. The surface, high and rolling; soil, well adapted to grass or grain ; drained south by Mead's creek. Orange, Sugar Hill and Mead's creek are names of post offices.
ORANGETOWN, t. Rockland co. situated 8 miles south of the village of New City, and distant 123 miles from Albany ; contained 20
ORANGEVILLE, t. Wyoming co. situated 7 miles west of the village of Warsaw, and distant 254 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,949 inhabitants. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam,
NEWBURGH, 8,933
New Windsor, 2,482
Wallkill, 4,268
Warwick, 5,113
306
OREGON-ORLEANS.
well adapted to grass; drained | Erie canal and Utica and Syracuse north by the Tonawanda creek and railroad both pass through this place. some of its tributaries. Orange- ville, East Orangeville and John- sonsburgh are names of post offi- ces.
OREGON, p. o. Stockton, Chau- tauque co.
ORIENT, p. o. Southold, Suffolk co. See Oyster Pond.
ORISKANY, V. and p. o. Whites- town, Oneida co. is a large manu- facturing place, situated on Oriska- ny creek ; it contains about 1,200 inhabitants, 200 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 4 public houses and 4 stores; here are 2 large factory buildings, known as the " Oriskany Manufacturing Company," which annually manufacture into broad- cloths and cassimeres about 200,- 000 pounds of wool, giving em- ployment to about 150 men, wo- men and children; the buildings, grounds and machinery of this es- tablishment cost $200,000. The 1 chair factory and turning shop.
ORLEANS COUNTY, taken from Genesee in 1824, is centrally dis- tant 255 miles west from Albany; it is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario, east by Monroe county, south by Genesee, and west by Niaga- ra county. The surface of this county is generally level or gently undulating, with the exception of the Mountain Ridge, which extends across it from east to west. The soil, loam or gravel, intermixed with clay and sand ; it is well adapted to grass or grain. Drained north by several streams flowing into Lake Ontario, the largest of which are Oak Orchard creek and Johnson's creek. Its mineral productions are limited ; there are a few brine and sulphur springs and some deposits of bog iron ore ; but there is only one locality of the latter known, where the mineral is in sufficient quantity to be of any use in the manu- facture of iron. The Erie canal passes centrally through this county from east to west. Its area is about 372 square miles, or 238,154 acres. The county buildings are located in the village of Albion, in the town of Barre.
The following are the names of the towns in Orleans county, with the population in 1840.
BARRE,
5,539
Ridgeway,. 3,554
Carlton,
2,275
Shelby,
2,643
Clarendon,
2,251
Yates,. 2,230
Gaines,
2,268
Kendall,.
1,692
Murray,
2,675
ORISKANY CREEK, rises in Madison co. and empties into the Mohawk river, at the village of Oriskany in Oneida county. This is an important mill stream, afford- ing a great amount of hydraulic power, much of which is used in propelling machinery of different kinds ; on this stream are now erected a number of extensive woollen and cotton factories, and flouring and saw mills.
ORISKANY FALLS, V. and p. o. Augusta, Oneida co. is situated on both sides of the Oriskany creek, where is a fall of about 30 feet, and on the line of the Chenango canal; it contains about 600 in- habitants, 90 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 wool- len factory, 2 grist mills, 2 saw mills, 1 distillery, 1 carding machine and
Total inhabitants,. .. 25,127
307
ORLEANS-OSWEGO.
ORLEANS, t. Jefferson co. situ- ated 12 miles north of the village of Watertown, and distant 172 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,001 inhabitants. The sur- face is gently undulating ; soil, clay and loam, generally rich and productive, underlaid by lime- stone; drained by Chaumont and Perch rivers. La Fargeville and Stone's Mills are names of post offices.
ORLEANS, V. and p. o. Phelps, Ontario co. is situated on Flint creek; it contains about 300 in- habitants, 40 dwelling houses, 2 churches, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 flouring mill, 1 saw mill, 1 plaster mill, 1 distillery, 1 tannery and 1 clothier's works.
ORRINGTON, p. o. Sheridan, Chautauque co.
ORWELL, t. Oswego co. situa- ted 10 miles east of the village of Pulaski, and distant 139 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 808 inhabitants. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, underlaid with slate; drained west by Salmon river and some of its tributaries. Orwell is the name of a post of- fice.
OSBORN'S BRIDGE, P. 0. Northampton, Fulton co.
OSBORN'S HOLLOW, P. O. Chenango, Broome co.
OSSIAN, t. Allegany co. situated 20 miles north-east of the village of Angelica, and distant 233 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 938 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, argillaceous loam of good quality ; drained by Canaseraga creek and some of its branches. Ossian and Ossian Centre are names of post offices.
OSSIAN, V. and p. o. Ossian, Allegany co. contains about 250 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 saw mill and 1 tannery.
OSWEGATCHIE, t. St. Law- rence co. situated 16 miles west of the village of Canton, and distant 200 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 5,719 inhabitants. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, clay loam, mostly well cultivated. Black Lake lies partly in this town and it is drained by the Oswegat- chie river, flowing into the St. Lawrence river, which bounds it on the north-west. Huevelton and Ogdensburgh are names of post offices.
OSWEGATCHIE RIVER, rises in Herkimer co. and flows into St. Lawrence county, through which it pursues a circuitous route in a north-west direction, until it falls into the St. Lawrence river at the village of Ogdensburgh.
OSWEGO COUNTY, taken from Oneida and Onondaga counties in 1816, is centrally distant 150 miles north of west from the city of Al- bany; it is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario and the county of Jefferson, east by the counties of Lewis and Oneida, south by Madison and Onondaga counties, and on the west by Lake Ontario and Cayuga county. The surface is level or gently undulating. The soil is well adapted to grass, with a portion of fine grain land ; also producing fruits in abundance. In this county there are but few minerals worthy of mentioning; in addition to some weak brine springs, there is an un- important locality of bog iron ore. It is watered by Oswego river, Salmon river and numerous small streams flowing into Lake Ontario. Oneida Lake lies on its south-east border and receives a few small streams. The Oswego canal passes down the east bank of the Oswego river, much of the way being identified with that stream, on which is constructed a tow path for a considerable distance. Its area is about 923 square miles, or 580,978 acres. The county buildings are situated
308
OSWEGO.
in the village of Oswego and in the village of Pulaski ; the latter in the town of Richland ; they being half shire villages.
The following are the names of the towns in Oswego county, with the population in 1840.
Albion,
1,503 | Parish,
1,543
Amboy,
1,070
Redfield,
507
Boylston,
481
RICHLAND,.
4,050
Constantia,
1,476
Sandy Creek,
2,420
Granby,
2,385
Schroeppel,
2,098
Hannibal,
2,269
Scriba,
4,051
Hastings,
1,983
Volney, .
3,155
Mexico,
3,729
New-Haven,
1,738
Williamstown,
842
Orwell,.
808
OSWEGO,
4,665
Palermo,
1,928
West Monroe,
918
Total inhabitants, 43,619
OSWEGO, t. Oswego co. con- I plaster mill, 1 planing mill and 1 tains a part of the county build- ings situated in the village of the same name, and is distant from the village of Pulaski 30 miles and from Albany 167 miles; it contained in 1840, 4,665 inhabitants. The sur- face is mostly level; soil, sandy loam of medium quality ; watered by Oswego river and some other small streams flowing into Lake ! Ontario, which bounds it on the north.
OSWEGO, V. and p. o. Oswego and Scriba, Oswego county, is sit- uated on both sides of the Oswego river, at its entrance into Lake Ontario ; it is a port of entry and was incorporated in 1828, now containing about 4,500 inhabitants, 500 dwelling houses, 2 Presbyte- rian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist and I Catholic church, besides a Bethel congregation; a custom house, a court house, 2 banking houses, an insurance company, an incorporated acade- my and a female seminary, 16 ho- tels and taverns, 50 stores and gro- ceries, besides mechanic shops of almost every kind. Here are situ- ated 2 large cotton factories, 7 ex- tensive flouring mills containing 47 run of stones, 1 tannery, 1 mo- rocco factory, 1 iron foundery, 6 machine shops, 1 snuff factory, 1
saw mill, all propelled by water taken from the Oswego river, which affords hydraulic power almost in- exhaustible, many of the mill sites being still unoccupied; also an iron foundery propelled by steam, a marine railroad, 2 ship yards and an establishment for building and repairing canal boats. The num- ber of vessels which arrive and de- part from this port annually are very great; there being owned at this place alone 6 steamboats and 70 schooners, averaging about 100 tons burthen, besides a large number of canal boats. The har- bor is capacious and safe, being protected by two large stone piers, constructed by the United States government ; on the end of the west pier is situated a light house ; about half a mile above is a bridge extending across the river, 600 feet in length. An extensive for- warding business is done at this place by means of lake, river and canal navigation ; daily lines of steamboats for the conveyance of passengers run between Oswego and Lewiston, Oswego and Kings- ton, and Oswego, Sackett's Har- bor and Ogdensburgh, stopping at the intermediate ports ; connected with the above line of steamboats are canal packet lines and stages.
309
OSWEGO-OSWEGO RIVER.
During the winter months daily | completely levelled and occupied lines of stages run from Oswego by warehouses and manufactories, a ship yard and marine railway. It is a matter of much satisfaction that the care of the government is at last extended to Fort Ontario. In connexion with the navigation of Lake Ontario and the commu- nications with the interior of the state and the Hudson river, it is probably the most important mili- tary position on the northern fron- tier." north-east to Sackett's Harbor, Watertown and Ogdensburgh, east to Rome and Utica, south to Syra- cuse, south-west to Auburn and west to Rochester. Oswego is ad- mirably situated for trade and com- merce, and is no doubt destined to become a large and important place of business, being connect- ed with the city of New-York by means of canal and river naviga- tion ; with Montreal by the St. Lawrence river, and the western lakes through the Welland canal. Most of the Onondaga salt and a large amount of merchandise for the Canadian and western markets pass through Oswego. A railroad is also to be constructed to extend from this place to Syracuse, a dis- tance of 36 miles. The promon- tory on the east side of the Oswego river, at its mouth, has been ceded to the United States government, where is situated old Fort Onturio, which has recently undergone ex- tensive repairs, affording protection to the harbor and village of Oswe- go. A writer makes the follow- ing remarks in relation to this im- portant military position :- " This ancient work is within the pre- cincts of our village, situated on the right bank of the Oswego ri- ver, at the point of confluence with Lake Ontario. It was one of the old north-western posts, the continued occupation of which by the British after the peace of '83 caused so much indignation on the part of the government and peo- ple of the United States, during the period of the Washington ad- ministration. It was evacuated by Col. Grant, in 1795. The works, including the glacis and the out- posts, were extensive, and very considerable remains of them ex- ist. Old Fort Oswego, which was situated on the left bank of the river, immediately opposite, is
OSWEGO CANAL, 38 miles in length, is the channel of naviga- tion, between Lake Ontario and the Erie canal at Syracuse. It runs on the east side of Onondaga lake and the Oswego river, through the villages of Salina, Liverpool, Phenix and Fulton, thence to the village of Oswego; for a conside- rable part of the distance the Os- wego river is identified with the canal, the towing path being on the east bank. There is also a towing path extending west along the Seneca river to the village of Baldwinsville in Onondaga county, and the Oneida river is being im- proved so as to render a communi- cation for canal boats through Oneida lake, and thence by the Oneida lake canal, communicating with the Erie canal in the county of Oneida. There are on this ca- nal 18 lift locks, 6 guard locks, 8 dams, 18 road bridges, 2 farm bridges, 12 towing path bridges, 8 culverts and 1 aqueduct. It was commenced in 1826 and comple- ted in 1828 ; at a cost of $525,115.
OSWEGO RIVER, enters Lake Ontario at the village of Oswego, in the county of the same name; this is a large stream and demands some minuteness of detail, for though short, it forms the outlet to several important lakes, receiving the surplus waters of a large region of country. The largest of these lakes, known as the Central Lakes of Western New-York, are Seneca
310
OTEGO-OTSDAWA CREEK.
lake, Cayuga lake, Crooked lake, face is in part hilly, with extensive Canandaigua lake, Owasco lake, flats along the Susquehanna ; soil, clay and sandy loam, adapted to grass or grain; drained by the Otsdawa creek and Susquehanna river. Otego and Otsdawa are names of post offices. Skaneateles lake, Cross lake and Onondaga lake, all of whose out- lets first flow into the Seneca river ; the Oneida lake, situated to the east of the above, sends forth Onei- da river, which unites with the OTEGO, V. and p. o. Otego, Ot- sego co. contains about 300 inhabi- tants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Episcopal and 1 Bap- tist church, 3 taverns, 7 stores and 1 tannery. Seneca river at the northern limits of the county of Oswego; the united streams then take the name of Oswego river, which flows 24 miles north, when it empties its accumulated waters into Lake On- fario. Its width is about 200 yards, discharging a powerful stream, collected from an area of about 7,000 square miles, in the very heart of a rich and flourishing country. Being fed by lakes, its volume is pretty uniform, subject to very slight rise or fall, which renders it more safe and valuable for mill privileges. Its whole de- scent in 24 miles is about 100 feet, there being at intervals of every few miles natural falls, admirably calculated for hydraulic purposes. Near the village of Oswego, there are rapids in the river, which pre- vents its being navigable for any considerable distance, but the wa- ter is here taken out of the river by means of an artificial canal, and brought into the very centre of the place, being used in propel- ling flouring mills and factories of different kinds to a large extent. This river also in part forms the Oswego canal, for a considerable distance on its east bank extends the tow path, the falls being passed by a succession of locks. At its mouth there is a commodious and safe harbor, having been greatly OTISVILLE, p. o. Mount Hope, Orange co. improved by the construction of piers and a light house, erected by the United States government.
OTEGO, t. Otsego co. situated 22 miles south-west of the village of Cooperstown, and distant 86 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,919 inhabitants. The sur-
OTEGO CREEK, rises in the town of Burlington, Otsego co. and empties into the east branch of the Susquehanna river; on this stream there are a number of fac- tories and mills.
OTISCO, t. Onondaga co. situa- ted 15 miles south of the village of Syracuse, and distant 134 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,906 inhabitants. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam, mostly well cultivated. On the west border of the town lies Otisco lake, the out- let of which forms Nine Mile creek and flows north. Otisco and Amber are names of post offices. At the former there is a settlement containing 1 Presbyterian church, 1 tavern, 2 stores and 15 or 20 dwellings.
OTISCO, V. and p. o. Otisco, On- ondaga co. contains about 100 in- habitants, 20 dwelling houses, 1 church, 1 tavern and 2 stores.
OTISCO LAKE, lies in the west- ern part of Onondaga co. and is about five miles long by two miles wide. This is a beautiful sheet of water, and the scenery about it in many places truly romantic.
OTSDAWA, p. o. Otego, Otsego co .; here are located 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 fulling mill, 2 saw mills and 15 or 20 dwellings.
OTSDAWA CREEK, rises in the town of Laurens, Otsego co. and flows south into Susquehanna river
311
OTSEGO-OTSELIC.
OTSEGO COUNTY, taken from Montgomery in 1791, is centrally distant 68 miles west from the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by Oneida, Herkimer and Montgomery counties, east by Scho- harie and Delaware, south by Delaware, and west by the counties of Chenango and Madison. The surface of this county is elevated, hilly, and somewhat mountainous, diversified with rich valleys. The soil is various ; the larger proportion, however, rich and productive, affording fine tracts of pasturage. Its agriculture is of the first respectability, and its manufactured products are very valuable and extensive. Of its mineral resources there cannot much be said ; it contains, however, abundance of good marble, and several sulphur springs. Otsego Lake, a most beautiful sheet of water, and Canaderaga or Schuyler's lake, both lie on the north, and both send forth a stream of water, forming the head branches of the Susquehanna river, which flows south-west. There are also numerous other streams, the most important of which are Cherry Valley creek, Otego creek, Butternut creek, and the Una- dilla river, which bounds it on the west. Its area is about 892 square miles, or 570,900 acres. The county buildings are located in the vil- lage of Cooperstown, in the town of Otsego.
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