USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 44
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PREBLE, t. Cortland co. situa- ted 9 miles north of the village of Cortland, and distant 136 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,247 inhabitants. The surface is hilly ; soil calcareous gravel and argillaceous loam, very productive in grass and grain ; drained south by a branch of the Tioughnioga ri- ver.
PREBLE V. and p. o. Preble, Cortland co. contains about 300 in- habitants, 45 dwelling houses, 2
334 .
PRESTON-PURVIS.
PRESTON, t. Chenango co. situ- | Greene county, where it empties ated 5 miles west of the village of into the Catskill creek. Norwich, and distant 115 miles PULASKI, p. o. Charlotte, Chautauque co. from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1117 inhabitants. The surface is somewhat uneven ; soil, well adapted to grass or grain, and is mostly covered with a heavy growth of timber ; drained by 2 or 3 small streams flowing south into the Che- nango river. Preston, is the name of a post office.
PRESTON HOLLOW, V. and p. o. Rensselaerville, Albany co. con- tains about 250 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 tav- erns, 4 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 tannery and 1 fulling mill.
PRINCE'S BAY, lies on the south-east side of Staten Island, and is famous for containing oys- ters of a fine quality, which are ta- ken in this vicinity in great abun- dance.
PRINCETON, t. Schenectady co. situated 8 miles west of the city of Schenectady, and distant 23 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,201 inhabitants. The surface is billy ; soil, clay, sand and loam ; drained south-east by Norman's kill. Princeton, is the name of a post office.
PROSPECT, p. o. Remsen, Onei- da co.
PROSPECT HILL, p. o. Pitts- town, Rensselaer co.
PROVIDENCE, t. Saratoga co. situated 15 miles north-west of the village of Ballston Spa, and distant 43 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,507 inhabitants. The surface is hilly; being in part co- vered by the Kayaderosseras mountain; soil, clay and loam, well adapted to grass; watered by the Sacondaga river on its north-west angle, and drain- ed by two or three small streams. Providence is the name of a post office.
PROVOST CREEK, rises in Al- bany county, and flows south into
PULASKI, V. Richland, Oswego co. is situated on Salmon river, three miles from Lake Ontario ; it was incorporated in 1832, and is a half shire town for the county of Oswego. It now contains about 700 inhabitants, 100 dwelling hou- ses; a court-house and jail; 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist and 1 Me- thodist church; an academy; 2 public houses, 8 stores and groce- ries ; 1 woollen factory, 1 paper mill, 2 grist mills, 1 trip-hammer works ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, and a large carriage manufactory. Here is an extensive water power which is but partially improved. The Richland post office is loca- ted in this place.
PULTNEY, t. Steuben co. situa- ted 15 miles north-east of the vil- lage of Bath, and distant 208 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,784 inhabitants. The surface is mostly level, except on the east where it declines towards Crooked lake; soil, clay and calcareous loam ; drained by some small streams flowing into Crooked lake, which bounds it on the east. Pult- ney, Peltonville and South Pultney are names of post offices.
PULTNEYVILLE, V. and p. o. Williamson, Wayne co. is situated on the shore of Lake Ontario; it contains about 350 inhabitants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 tavern, 5 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 saw mills and 1 tannery. This is a convenient landing for steamboats and sail vessels.
PULVER'S CORNERS, P. O. Pine Plains, Dutchess co.
PUNCHKILL, p. o. Cobleskill, Schoharie co.
PURDY CREEK, p. o. Hor- nellsville, Steuben co.
PURVIS, p. o. Rockland, Sulli- van co.
335
PUTNAM-QUARANTINE GROUND.
PUTNAM COUNTY, taken from Dutchess in 1812, is centrally distant 60 miles from the city of New-York, and 100 from the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by Dutchess county, east by the Connecticut state line, south by Westchester county, and on the west by the Hudson river. The surface is hilly and mountainous, more so than any connty in the state, if we except Essex county ; the soil is productive in the valleys, but much of the high lands are entirely va- lueless for agricultural purposes; it is, however, exceedingly rich in mineral productions. The following is an extract from a late geologi- cal report of Putnam county : "Putnam is one of the most, if not the most, mountainous county in the state. It is literally ' Pelion upon Ossa.' But many of the mountain slopes and valleys are in a good state of cultivation, especially in the eastern part ; and the agricultu- rist, although he has to labor hard, receives a good return." As might be inferred from the geological character of this region, the mineral productions of this county are of much interest. The iron ore found here is abundant and rich; of carbonate of lime there are several localities. Another very valuable mineral product of Putnam county is serpentine, which is found in vast quantities, and is susceptible of fine polish. This county has for many years been visited by mineralo- gists, chiefly on account of the interesting localities which occur at Coldspring, Philipstown and Carmel. Its area is about 216 square miles, or 138,300 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Putnam county, with the population in 1840.
CARMEL,
Kent, .
Paterson, 1,349
Phillipstown, 3,814
PUTNAM, t. Washington co. situated 36 miles north of the vil- lage of Sandy Hill, and distant 90 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 784 inhabitants. The sur- face is mountainous, mostly unfit for cultivation, being covered by the Palmertown range extending from Lake Champlain to Lake George. Some of the peaks rise to the height of 1,500 feet. Put- nam is the name of a post office.
PUTNAM VALLEY, t. Putnam co. situated 9 miles west of the village of Carmel, and distant 100 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,659 inhabitants. The sur- face is mostly mountainous, being covered by the Highlands, with a broad and fertile valley extending north and south, which gives name to the town. There are several
2,263 | Putnam Valley, 1,659
1,830 South-East, 1,910
Total inhabitants, 12,825
small lakes or ponds in this town, abounding in trout and other fish ; it is drained south by the Peeks- kill, the outlet of Redfire lake. There are also extensive beds of iron ore and other minerals in this vicinity. Putnam Valley is the name of a post office.
QUAKER HILL, p. o. Paw- lings, Dutchess co.
QUAKER SPRINGS, p. o. Sara- toga, Saratoga co.
QUAKER STREET, p. o. Duanesburgh, Schenectady co.
QUANTUCK BAY, is a body of water so called, lying at the ex- treme east end of the Great South Bay, in the town of Southampton, Suffolk county, being separated from Shinnecock bay on the east by Quogue Neck.
QUARANTINE GROUND, lies I on the south-west part of the bay
336
QUEENS-RACKET LAKE.
of New-York, opposite the village of Tompkinsville, on Staten Island, where is located a Marine Hospi- tal. The organization of this in- stitution is made up of a resident physician and commissoner of health, residing in the city, and a health officer, who resides during the summer months at the Quaran- tine-all of whom must be phy- sicians. The Quarantine establish- ment opens by statute on the first
of April, and closes on the first of November, of each year ; between which periods may at all times be seen numerous vessels, mostly from foreign ports, riding at an- chor in compliance with the sana- tary regulations, in order to prevent the diseases of distant parts in- fecting the commercial empo- rium. For a particular description of the buildings, &c. see Tomp- kinsville.
QUEENS COUNTY, originally organized in 1683, is centrally dis- tant 20 miles east from the city of New-York, and 155 miles south from the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by Long Island Sound and the East river, east by Suffolk county, south by the Atlantic ocean, and west by Kings county. The surface of this county is hilly or undulating on the north, while on the south it is mostly level, with a slight declivity towards the Atlantic ocean. The soil on the south is a light sand, and on the north loam prevails ; it is all of a warm charac- ter, and when well manured and properly tilled, it is very productive. It is drained by several small streams, some flowing into the ocean on the south, and others into Long Island Sound on the north, both sides of the county being deeply indented by bays and inlets. The Long Island railroad extends across it in an easterly direction. Its area is about 396 square miles, or 253,100 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Queens county, with the population in 1840.
Flushing,. 4,124 | Newtown, 5,054
Hempstead, . 7,609
Jamaica, 3,781
NORTH HEMPSTEAD, . . 3,891
QUEENSBURY, t. Warren co. situated 7 miles south-east of the village of Caldwell, and distant 53 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,789 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating and hilly on the west, being covered by the Palmer- town mountains; soil, sand and productive loam ; drained north- east by Wood creek, and watered on the south by the Hudson river. Queensbury and Glen's Falls are names of post offices.
QUINCY, V. Ripley, Chautauque county, is situated about one mile east of Lake Erie, it contains about 200 inhabitants, 40 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Bap- tist church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 tannery, and a number of mecha-
Oyster Bay, .. 5,865
Total inhabitants, 30,324 nic shops. The Ripley post office is located in this place.
QUOGE, V. and p. o. Southamp- ton, Suffolk co. is situated on the south side of Long Island ; it con- tains 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns, 2 stores and a number of scattered dwelling houses. This place is much resorted to in summer for its pure air, and the abundance and excellence of the game that is found in its vicinity.
RACKET LAKE, lies in the north part of Hamilton co. sur- rounded by numerous other lakes and ponds, which send forth streams east, west, north and south. It is situated on the table land of Northern New-York, being eleva- ted 1,731 feet above the ocean.
337
-
RACKET RIVER-RAVENSWOOD
This is an irregular body of water 14 miles long and from 2 to 5 miles wide, abounding with trout and other fish of the largest size, peculiar to the waters of this part of the country, surrounded by a wild and highly interesting region.
RACKET RIVER, rises in Ha- milton co. and flows in a northerly direction through the county of St. Lawrence, emptying into the St Lawrence river at the northern boundary of the state, opposite the island of Cornwall in Canada; it being the middle one of three im- portant streams which empties into the above river within the distance of six miles. Its length is 145 miles ; at its head are numerous lakes and ponds which might be rendered navigable for many miles, for boats of a small draft of water.
RACKET RIVER, p. o. Masse- na, St. Lawrence co.
RAILROADS. See Railroads, finished or in progress. Page 48.
RAMAPO, t. Rockland co. si- tuated 8 miles west of the village of New City, and distant 132 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,222 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountainous; soil, va- rious, being productive in the val- leys ; drained south by the Ramapo and Saddle rivers, both of which empty into the Passaic in New- Jersey. The New-York and Erie railroad extends through this town. Ramapo Works, Scotland and West Hempstead are names of post offices.
RAMAPO RIVER, rises in Orange county, and flows in a southern direction through a part of Rockland county, into the state of New-Jersey, where it empties into the Passaic river. On this stream, which abounds with trout, pickerel and other fish, there are a number of fine mill sites, many of which are unoccupied.
RAMAPO WORKS, V and p. o. 22
Ramapo, Rockland county. Here are situated 1 rolling mill, 1 nail factory, 1 iron foundery, 1 screw manufactory, 1 cotton factory, 1 grist mill, I saw mill, 1 church, I store, and about 60 dwelling hou- ses. Most of the inhabitants are engaged in the above manufactu- ring establishments, situated on the Ramapo river, which are princi- pally owned by Jeremiah H. Pier- son, Esq.
RANDOLPH, t. Cattaraugus co. situated 20 miles south-west of the village of Ellicottville, and dis- tant 312 miles from Albany ; con- tained in 1840, 1,283 inhabitants. The surface is hilly, and the soil well adapted to grazing ; drained south by Allegany river and some of its tributaries. Randolph and West Randolph are names of post offices.
RANDOLPH, V. and p. o. Ran- dolph, Cattaraugus co. is situated on the post road from Ellicottville to Jamestown, and on the line of the New-York and Erie railroad ; it contains about 250 inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns, 3 stores, 1 grist mill and several saw mills, situated on the Little Connewango creek.
RANSOMVILLE, p. o. Porter, Niagara co.
RATHBUNVILLE, p. o. Addi- son, Steuben co.
RATTLESNAKE ISLAND, lies in the Niagara river, 4 miles be- low Black Rock; it contains 50 acres of low land covered with grass.
RAVENSWOOD, V. Newtown, Queens co. is delightfully situated on the East river, opposite Black- well's island ; it is a scattered set- tlement, containing about 125 inhabitants, and 20 dwelling hou- ses ; most of them situated near and overlooking the river. A steamboat running to and from the city of New-York, stops here se- veral times daily.
2
338
RAWSONVILLE-RED MILLS.
RAWSONVILLE, V. Broadalbin, Fulton co. is situated on Fonda's Bush creek; it was incorporated in 1815, although no attention is now paid to the act of incorpora- tion. It contains about 400 inhabi- tants, 60 dwelling houses, 1 Pres- byterian, 1 Baptist and 1 Metho- dist church, 3 taverns, 5 stores, 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, 1 fulling mill and carding machine, 1 fur- nace, 1 paper mill, 2 tanneries, 4 wagon manufactories, and the Broadalbin post office.
RAYMERTOWN, p. o. Pitts- town, Rennselaer co.
RAYMONDVILLE, p. o. St. Lawrence co
RAYNORTOWN, V. Hempstead, Queens co. is situated near Hemp- stead bay; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian church, 4 taverns, 2 grist mills and 1 saw mill.
READING, t. Steuben co. situa- ted 21 miles east of the village of Bath, and distant 186 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 1,541 inhabitants. The surface is high and rolling ; soil, clay and calca- reous loam, well adapted to wheat ; drained by two or three small streams flowing into Seneca Lake, which bounds it on the east .- Reading and North Reading are names of post offices.
READSVILLE, p. o. Bern, Al- bany co. ; here are situated 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, and about 15 dwellings.
RED CREEK, p. o. Wolcott, Wayne co.
REDFIELD, t. Oswego co. situ- ated 15 miles east of the village of Pulaski, and distant 131 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 507 inhabitants. The surface is undulating ; soil, moist loam, well adapted to grass; drained south- west by Salmon river and some of its tributaries. Redfield is the name of a post office.
REDFORD, V. and p. o. Sara-
nac, Clinton co. is situated on the north side of Saranac river ; it contains about 500 inhabitants, 80 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 ta- verns and 3 stores. Here is situa- ted an extensive glass manufacto- ry, established by the " Redford Crown Glass Company," where is made a superior article of crown glass in large quantities. The principal materials used in the manufacture are found here in great abundance ; iron ore of a good quality is also found in this vicinity.
REDHOOK, t. Dutchess co. situated 22 miles north of the vil- lage of Poughkeepsie, and distant 51 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,829 inhabitants. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay loam and loam, variously blended ; drained by two or three small streams flowing into the Hudson river, which bounds it on the west. Barrytown, Redhook, Upper Red- hook and Tivoli, are names of post offices. Lower Redhook Landing and Upper Redhook Landing, are the names most generally given to the landings on the river.
REDHOOK, LOWER, V. Red- hook, Dutchess co. is situated 3 miles from the landing, on the post road between New-York and Alba- ny. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 public houses, 4 stores, 50 dwellings and about 350 inhabi- tants.
REDHOOK, LOWER LAND- ING. See Barrytown.
REDHOOK, UPPER, V. and p, o. Redhook, Dutchess co. is situa- ted 4 miles east of the landing ; it contains about 300 inhabitants, 40 dwellings, 2 public houses, 3 stores, I Dutch Reformed church, and a chartered institution called " The Redhook Academy."
REDHOOK, UPPER LANDING See Tivoli.
RED MILLS, p. o. Carmel, Put- nam co.
339
RED ROCK-RENSSELAER AND SARATOGA R. R.
RED ROCK, p. o. Canaan, Co- [ and distant 96 miles from Albany ; lumbia co.
REDWOOD, V. and p. o. Alex- andria, Jefferson co. is situated at the head of Butterfield lake ; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, and 2 stores ; 1 extensive glass factory, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills and 1 ashery.
REED'S CORNERS, p. o. Can- andaigua, Ontario co.
REMSEN, t. Oneida co. situated 18 miles north of the city of Utica
contained in 1840, 1,638 inhabi- tants. The surface is hilly ; soil of medium quality ; drained west- erly by Black river and some of its tributaries. Remson and Prospect are names of post offices.
REMSEN, V. and p. o. Remsen, Oneida co. is situated on Cincinna- ti creek ; it contains about 450 in- habitants, 60 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 taverns, 4 stores, 1 grist mill and 2 saw mills.
RENSSELAER COUNTY, taken from Albany in 1791, is central- ly distant 12 miles east of the city of Albany ; it is bounded on the north by Washington county, east by the states of Vermont and Massa- chusetts, south by Columbia county, and west by the Hudson river,- The surface of this county is diversified ; on the west it rises from the Hudson with a gentle acclivity, when it is undulating until you ap- proach the eastern boundary, where it is hilly and mountainous, al- though not very lofty ; interspersed with extensive valleys, which are warm and fertile. The soil is various, but generally productive when well tilled, and well adapted to the various purposes of grazing and agriculture. It cannot boast much of its mineral productions ; marl, however, is found in the towns of Schaghticoke and Sand Lake ; there are also some sulphur springs. It is drained by the Hoosick river on the north ; the Poestenkill and Wynantskill in the centre, all flowing west into the Hudson river, which waters it on its west boundary. The Albany and West Stockbridge Railroad, commences at the village of Greenbush, extending south-east into Columbia county. It is intended to construct a branch railroad along the east bank of the Hudson, from Greenbush to the city of Troy, a distance of 6 miles, connecting with the Rensselaer and Saratoga Ruilroad, and with the Schenectady and Troy Ruilroad. Its area is about 626 square miles, or 400,700 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Rensselaer county, with the population in 1840.
Berlin, 1,794
Brunswick, 3,051
Sand Lake,.
4,303
Schaghticoke, 3,389
Greenbush, 3,701
Schodack, .
4,125
Hoosick,. 3,539
Lansingburgh, 3,330
TROY,.
19,334
Nassau, 3,236
Petersburgh,
1,901
Total inhabitants, 60,259
| factory, and a number of saw mills in the vicinity.
RENSSELAER AND SARATO- GA RAILROAD, extends from the city of Troy to the village of Ball- ston Spa, a distance of 23} miles, where it connects with the Sarato-
RENSSELAER, V. Sand Lake, Rensselaer co. is situated on the Troy and Eastern turnpike, 11 miles south-east of the city of Troy ; it contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- tist and 1 Methodist church, 2 ta- verns, 3 stores, 1 cylinder glass
Pittstown, 3,784
Grafton, . 2,019
Stephentown, 2,753
340
RENSSELAERVILLE-RENSSELAERWYCK.
ga and Schenectady railroad. It crosses the Hudson river, as it leaves Troy, from the foot of Fede- ral street, by means of a substan- tial bridge, 1512 feet in length ; from thence it runs north across Green Island and Van Schaick's Island, to the village of Waterford, and extends along the west bank of the Hudson to Mechanicsville, where it crosses the Champlain ca- nal and diverges to the north-west, running through the town of Malta and a part of Ballston ; passing in its route a portion of country re- markable for its beauty, and the variety of its scenery. This com- pany was chartered in 1832, with a capital of $300,000, which was subsequently increased to $450,- 000.
RENSSELAERVILLE, t. Alba- ny co. situated 24 miles south-west of the city of Albany ; contained in 1840, 3,705 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly, spurs of the Catskill mountain extending into it from the south ; soil, sandy loam, most of it very fertile, drained south-east by the Catskill creek and north by Foxes creek. £ Rensselaerville, Cooksburg, Hall's mills, and Preston Hollow, are names of post offices.
RENSSELAERVILLE, V. and p. o. Albany co. is situated on Foxes creek ; it contains about 1,000 in- habitants, 150 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- tist and 1 Methodist church, 2 ta - verns, 7 stores, 3 grist mills, 1 saw mill, 1 carding machine and cloth- ing works, 1 tannery, 1 furnace, and 1 machine shop.
RENSSELAERWYCK, or the manor of Rensselaer, is a very ex- tensive tract of land lying on both sides of the Hudson river, compri- sing most of the counties of Alba- ny and Rensselaer, with the excep- tion of the city of Albany, and the towns of Schaghticoke, Pittstown and Hoosick. This princely estate
extends 24 miles north and south, and 48 miles east and west, with the noble Hudson pouring its flood of navigable waters through the centre of the territory. The manor was purchased in 1630, from the abori- gines, by Killian Van Rensselaer, under the provisions of a very libe- ral charter granted by the Dutch East India Company, in 1629 .- His title was subsequently confirm- ed by several successive grants by the government of Holland, dating back as far as the year 1641, and by the English government by let- ters patent bearing date March 4, 1685. Authority was given to the proprietor of the manor to elect a representative to the legislative as- sembly, uniting the freeholders and inhabitants with him in the elec- tion. From the first provincial as- sembly held after the accession of William III. in 1691, down to the last in 1775, when the revolution broke out-a period of 84 years- the place of representative from the manor, was always filled ; fre- quently by the proprietor himself, and if not by him, by reason of his minority or other disability, then always by some member or some friend of the family. Upon the decease of its late distinguished and benevolent proprietor, STE- PHEN VAN RENSSELAER, who was the third only in the direct line of descent from the first pro- prietor, the manor was divided, and is now held, the part on the west side of the river, by his eldest son STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, and that on the east side, by his second son WILLIAM P. VAN RENSSELAER. The lands lying in the manor are generally held by tenants under durable leases, sub- ject to the payment of rent in kind and to the performance of certain services, which however have very seldom, if ever, been exacted .- All mill sites, mines and minerals within the manor are reserved by
341
REPUBLICAN-RICHFIELD.
the terms of the leases. Recently | located at this place, many dif- much dissatisfaction has existed in ferent kinds of mechanic work shops; and the Rhinebeck Acade- my, which is a chartered and flour- ishing institution, is a beautiful building and handsomely located. This neighborhood was very early settled, by the Dutch, many of whose descendants now reside in the town of Rhinebeck, retaining the original Dutch habits and lan- guage. the south-western towns of Albany county, arising out of the reserva- tions and exactions contained in the leases ; the payment of the rents has been resisted, and an armed force has twice been called out to aid the sheriff in enforcing legal process issued against the tenants. The subject has been be- fore the legislature, and the pre- sent proprietor has endeavored sat- isfactorily to arrange the difficul- ties, but as yet nothing definite has been done to effect so desirable an object.
REPUBLICAN, p. o. Westmore- land, Oneida co.
RESERVATION, p. o. Alden, Erie co.
REXFORD FLATS, p. o. Clif- ton Park, Saratoga co.
REYNOLDSVILLE, V. and p. o. Hector, Tompkins co. contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 Methodist church, 1 ta- vern, 1 store, 1 saw mill and 1 tan- nery.
RHINEBECK, t. Dutchess co. situated 17 miles north of the vil- lage of Poughkeepsie, and distant 57 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,659 inhabitants. The surface is mostly level on the west, and rolling on the east ; the flats near the centre, are easily cultiva- ted and very productive ; drained south-west by Landtman's creek, and watered on the west by the Hudson river.
RHINEBECK, V. and p. o. Rhinebeck, Dutchess co. is plea- santly situated two miles from the landing on the Hudson river .- This place was incorporated in 1826, and contains about 1,200 in- habitants, 200 dwelling houses, 3 churches, 3 public houses, 12 stores, 1 iron foundery, 1 paper mill and 1 grist mill, situated on Landtman's creek, which flows through the town. There are also
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