USA > New York > A gazetteer of the state of New York: comprising its topography, geology, mineral resources, civil divisions, canals, railroads and public institutions; together with general statistics; the whole alphabetically arranged. Also statistical tables of distances with a new township map of the state > Part 18
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136
CRANE NECK-CROTON AQUEDUCT.
the east branch of the Oswegatchie | Hammondsport to Penn-Yan, af- river. fording a fine view of the lake and adjacent country.
CRANE NECK, is a broad pe- ninsula in the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk co. extending into Long Island Sound.
CRANESVILLE, p. o. Amster- dam, Montgomery co.
CRAWFORD, t. Orange co. sit- uated 18 miles west of Newburgh, and distant 94 miles from Albany ; contained in 1840, 2,075 inhabi- tants. The surface is hilly; soil, clay and sandy loam, underlaid by slate; it is drained by Shawangunk river, which bounds it on the north- west. Crawford and Bullville are names of post offices.
CREEKVILLE, p. o. Unadilla, Otsego co.
CROGHAN, t. Lewis co. situat- ed 12 miles north of the village of Martinsburgh, and distant 141 miles from Albany. This is a new town taken from Watson and Diana in 1841. The surface is hilly and mountainous; soil, vari- ous, but of good quality in the val- leys. Belfort is the name of a post office.
CROOKED LAKE, by the In- dians called Keuka, lies partly in the county of Steuben and partly in Yates; it is 22 miles in length, averaging 1} miles in width, run- ning nearly north and south. The waters of this lake are 270 feet above Seneca lake, with which it is connected by an outlet and ca- nal. It abounds in salmon trout, white fish, pickerel, perch, sun- fish, bass and catfish; its waters are cool and transparent, and from 3 to 500 feet in depth. At Bluff Point, 9 miles north of the head of the lake, it is divided by a high promontory, extending on the east to near the village of Penn-Yan, a further distance of 13 miles, while the northern branch extends 9 miles to Branchport. A steam- boat for the conveyance of passen- gers and towing, plies daily, from
CROOKED LAKE CANAL, ex- tends from the Crooked lake, near the village of Penn-Yan, to Dres- den on Seneca lake, all in the county of Yates. Length 8 miles, and has 28 locks, 14 road bridges, 5 waste-weirs, 2 culverts and 1 feeder. Descent from Crooked lake to Seneca lake 269 feet. Com- menced in1830; completed in 1833. Cost,$137,000.
CROSS CREEK or RIVER, rises in Westchester co. and runs east into the Croton river in the town of Lewisborough.
. CROSS LAKE, lies between the counties of Cayuga and Onondaga; it is 4 miles long by half a mile wide, through which flows the Seneca river.
CROSS RIVER, p. o. Lewisbo- rough, Westchester co.
CROTCHED LAKE, lies in the north part of Hamilton county, be- tween Racket and . Long Lake; it is an irregular body of water, as its name implies. The Indian name is said to be Pahmechin- baguck,-water right across us.
CROTON, V. Cortland, West- shester co. is situated on the north side of the Croton River, near its entrance into Tappan Bay; it con- tains 1 tavern, 2 stores and 12 or 15 dwellings. Here is a conven- ient landing, known as Collabergh Landing, from whence steamboats and sloops ply to the city of New- York and other places on the Hud- son river. Here is also situated the Cortlandtown post office.
CROTON AQUEDUCT, or WA- TER WORKS, is the most impor- tant and extensive work of the kind ever undertaken in this coun- try; of its magnitude and utility, there is but little conception, even by the great mass of the citizens of the city of New-York. The simple matter of a tunnel, of solid
137
CROTON AQUEDUCT.
mason work, seven and a half feet | a deep ravine, so that, from the in width, nine feet high and 40 miles long, is far from comprising the whole of this immense under- taking; the great dam in the Cro- ton, the magnificent stone aque- duct at Sing Sing, the bridge across Harlem river and the main reservoir in the city, are ali costly and stupendous works.
The dam across the Croton is placed where the river enters be- tween the hills, after having passed for several miles through a more level country. The hill on the south side is solid rock, and on the north excellent earth for construct- ing the dam. The dam itself, as might be conjectured from its po- sition, is not of great length, but is one of the most ingenious works of substantial masonry any where to be found. The highest point of the structure is rather more than fifty feet above the natural bed of the Croton. The water will be thrown back by this elevation more than three miles, forming a beauti- ful lake of four hundred acres; the whole margin of which is to be excavated, so that the water will be no where less than three feet deep; thus forming the great foun- tain head, which will contain about 100,000,000 of gallons, for each foot in depth from the surface. The water is drawn into the aque- duct by means of a tunnel cut into the rock which constitutes the hill on the south side. At distances of one mile a circular hollow tower is erected over the aqueduct, for the purpose of ventilation; these being composed of white marble, pro- duce a very pretty effect. Every three miles is an apparatus for drawing off the water in case any internal repairs should be necessa- ry; but the most imposing struc- ture of the whole work is the great bridge at Sing Sing. It is com- posed chietly of one grand arch of eighty-eight feet span, thrown over
apex of the arch to the bottom of the ravine, must be a hundred feet. This vast arch was so firmly laid in its abutments, and so securely built in its superstructure, that since the uprights were removed from be- neath the arch, it has settled but one inch. So little settling in such a work, we are told, has never be- fore occurred. The whole quanti- ty of land which the Water Com- missioners have been compelled to buy on the forty miles of the works, amount to nine hundred acres ; and the average price has been nearly five hundred dollars per acre.
The bridge across Harlem river, will be 1,420 feet in length, al- though the stream is but 620 feet wide where it crosses; the great length is owing to the inclination of its banks. There will be 16 piers, built of stone ; of these six will be in the river and 10 on the land. The land piers are less than those in the water, and their height varies according to the slope of the banks of the river. The main re- servoir, situated near Blooming- dale, covers 35 acres of ground, divided into two sections; the north section to have 20 feet of water when full, and the south 25 feet ; both will contain about 160,000,000 of gallons of water. From this reservoir the water is conveyed through the Fifth Avenue, to the distributing basin at Murray Hill, covering about 5 acres, and hold- ing 20,000,000 gallons. From thence the water will be conveyed to the dwellings in the city, by the ordinary distributing iron pipes. The descent from the dam in the Croton river to Murray Hill, is about 46 feet, being a fraction less than 14 inches to the mile. This gigantic work will probably be fully completed in 1843, although the water may be conveyed to the city some time in 1842, by means of a temporary conduit pipe of
138
CROTON RIVER-CUBA.
suitable dimensions, extending across the Harlem river, as soon as the works will admit of their being laid ; by which means the citizens may have the benefit of " pure and wholesome water," one or two years before a supply could be had by the Harlem aqueduct bridge. The estimated cost of the whole will exceed $10,000,000.
CROTON RIVER, rises in Dutchess and Putnam counties, flowing in a southern direction through a part of the county of Westchester and empties into the Hudson about two miles above the village of Sing Sing; length 45 miles. This is a pure and im- portant stream, taking its rise from several beautiful lakes. It will feed the Croton Aqueduct, which is now nearly completed, with pure and wholesome water.
CROW ISLANDS, are a cluster of small islands situated in the Great South Bay of Long Island, opposite the town of Huntington.
CROW'S NEST, is a high peak of the " Highlands," situated on the west side of the Hudson, in the town of Cornwall, Orange county. CROWN POINT, t. Essex co. sit- uated 12 miles south-east of the village of Elizabeth, and distant 105 miles from Albany; contained in 1841, 2,212 inhabitants. The surface on the east on the borders of Lake Champlain is level, while on the west it is mountainous; soil, mostly clay loam; it is drained by Putnam's creek and some other small streams. This town, border- ing on the lake, was the scene of important military operations dur- ing the old French and Revolution- ary wars. The ruins of the old fort of Crown Point, are situated on a neck of land, running into Lake Champlain, in the north-east angle ; ment.
of the town, and presents an inter- esting appearance from the water, in connection with the surrounding scenery.
CROWN POINT, V. and p. o. Crown Point, Essex co .; here are situated 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills, 1 plaster mill and 12 or 15 dwellings.
CRUM ELBOW, p. o. Hyde Park, Dutchess co.
CRUM ELBOW, or CROM EL- BOW, is a point at a short turn of the Hudson river, 4 miles above Poughkeepsie.
CRUM ELBOW CREEK, rises in the towns of Clinton and Rhine- beck, Dutchess county, and flows through Hydepark into the Hudson river ; this is a tolerable good mill stream, on which are situated a number of mills and manufactur- ing establishments.
CRUMHORN MOUNTAIN, is a wild and barren eminence, situat- ed in the town of Maryland, Otse- go co.
CRYDER'S CREEK, rises in the town of Independence, Allegany co. and flows south-west into the state of Pennsylvania, where it empties into the Genesee river.
CRYSTAL LAKE, is one of a small cluster of lakes lying in the town of Alexandria, Jefferson co.
CUBA, t. Allegany co. situated 12 miles south-west of the village of Angelica, and distant 274 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,768 inhabitants. The surface is high and undulating on the east, dividing the waters that flow into the Allegany and Genesee valleys; the soil is generally warm and pro- ductive; in the north part of the town there is a small lake, and near the west boundary is situated the Oil Spring Reservation .- Through this town runs the Gene- see Valley canal, and the line of the New-York and Erie railroad. Cadyville is the name of a settle-
CUBA, V. and p. o. Cuba, Alle- gany co. is situated on the line of the Genesee Valley canal, and of the New-York and Erie railroad;
1.1
139
CUCHOGUE-DASHVILLE.
it contains about 800 inhabitants, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyte- rian and 1 Baptist church; 3 tav- erns, 10 stores, 1 flouring mill, I saw mill, 1 clothier's works and 1 tannery.
CUCHOGUE, p. o. Southold, Suffolk co.
CUDDEBACKVILLE, p. o. Deerpark, Orange co.
CUMBERLAND BAY, lies on the west side of Lake Champlain in front of the village of Platts- burgh; it is formed by Cumberland Head, a peninsula stretching into the lake 4 miles. In this bay Mac- Donough gained his memorable naval victory, over the British fleet under the command of Com. Dow- nie, on the 11th of Sept. 1814.
CUYLER, p. o. Truxton, Cort- land co.
DANBY, t. Tompkins co. situa- ted 8 miles south of the village of Ithaca, and distant 172 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,570 inhabitants. The surface is hilly; soil, gravelly loam; drained by Cattotong creek and its tributaries. Danby and South Danby are names of post offices.
DANBY, V. and p. o. Danby, Tompkins co. is an agricultural settlement, containing about 500 inhabitants, 90 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 taverns and 3 stores.
DANSVILLE, t. Steuben co. situated 20 miles north-west of the village of Bath, and distant 234 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,725 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating; soil, gravelly loam and clay; it is drained south by tributaries of the Canisteo river and north by Canaseraga creek. Doty's Corners and South Dansville are names of post offices.
DANSVILLE, V. and p. o. Spar. ta, Livingston co. is situated on the Canaseraga creek; it contains about 1,600 inhabitants, 250 dwel- ling houses, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Me-
thodist and 1 Lutheran church, 1 banking house, 2 hotels, 25 stores of different kinds, 4 extensive pa- per mills, 2 large flouring mills, 2 furnaces and 1 tannery. Here are a succession of falls of about 60 feet descent within the distance of one and a half miles, affording a great amount of hydraulic power, a part of which is still unoccupied. The Dansville Branch of the Gen- esee Valley canal commences at this place and unites with the main canal near the village of Mount Morris, a distance of about 11 miles.
DANUBE, t. Herkimer co. situ- ated 12 miles east of the village of Herkimer, and distant 70 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,960 inhabitants. The surface is undulating; soil, sandy and calca- reous loam, being very fertile in the valley of the Mohawk; it is drained by Nowadaga creek flow- ing north into the Mohawk river, which bounds it on the north .- Danube and Newville are names of post offices.
DARIEN, t. Genesee co. situat- ed 12 miles south-west of the vil- lage of Batavia, and distant 256 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,406 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly; soil, clay and calca- reous loam; drained north-west by Ellicott's creek. Darien and Da- rien Centre are names of post of- fices.
DARIEN, V. and p. o. Darien, Genesee co. contains about 175 in- habitants, 25 dwelling houses, 1 church, 2 taverns and 3 stores.
DARIEN CENTRE, p. o. Dari- en, Genesee co.
DASHVILLE, V. New-Paltz, Ulster co. is situated on the Wall- kill; it contains about 200 inhabi- tants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, 1 woollen facto- ry, 1 cotton factory, 1 grist mill and 1 saw mill. The water power at this place is extensive ; the
140
DAVENPORT-DEFRIESTVILLE.
Wallkill here having a fall of | and hilly; soil, sandy loam; drain- about 50 feet.
DAVENPORT,t. Delaware co. sit- uated 14 miles north of the village of Delhi, and distant 63 miles from Al- bany; contained in 1840, 2,052 in- habitants. The surface is hilly; soil, argillaceous loam; it is drained by Charlotte river and some of its tributaries. Davenport, Daven- port Centre, and West Davenport are names of post offices.
DAY, t. Saratoga co. situated 25 miles north of the village of Ball- ston Spa, and distant 55 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 942 inhabitants. The surface is hilly and mountainous, the Kayaderos- seras Mountain extending across it; the most arable of the lands are situated in the valley of the Sacan- daga river, which flows through the town. Day is the name of a post office.
DAYANSVILLE, V. and p. o. Watson, Lewis co. situated on Crystal creek, contains about 125 inhabitants, 20 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, 2 stores and 3 saw mills.
DAYTON, t. Cattaraugus co. situated 20 miles north-west of the village of Ellicottville, and distant 302 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 946 inhabitants. The sur- face is undulating; soil, clay and gravelly loam, adapted to grain and grass; drained by Connewan- go creek and some of its tributa- ries. Dayton and Sociality are names of post offices.
DEAN'S CORNERS, p. o. Sara- toga, Saratoga co.
DEANSVILLE, v. and p. o. Marshall, Oneida co. is situated on the Chenango canal; it contains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 1 church, 3 taverns, 2 stores and 2 warehouses.
DECATUR, t. Otsego co. situa- ted 12 miles south-east of Coopers- town, and distant 64 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,071 inhabitants. The surface is high
ed by Elk creek and some other small streams. Decatur is the name of a post office; where are situated 1 Methodist church, 2 stores and 20 dwellings.
DEER CREEK, rises in the west part of Lewis co. and flows in a north-east direction into Black river.
DEERFIELD, t. Oneida co. situ- ated 4 miles north of the city of Utica, and distant 94 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 3,120 inhabitants. The surface is some- what hilly ; soil, on the north, clay loam, on the south, in the valley of the Mohawk, alluvion of great fertility. It is watered by the Mo- hawk river and some small streams. North Gage is the name of a post office.
DEERPARK, t. Orange co. sit- uated 38 miles west of Newburgh and distant 108 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,607 inhabi- tants. The surface on the east is hilly and mountainous, on the west towards the Delaware quite level; soil, gravelly loam and alluvial sand and vegetable mould, which with proper culture is very fertile; it is watered by the Delaware river on the south-west, and by the Neversink river and Bash's kill which flows into it. The Dela- ware and Hudson canal, and the New-York and Erie railroad both run through this town. Cudde- backville, Honesville, Hugonot and Port Jervis are names of post offices.
DEER RIVER, rises in Frank- lin co. and flows north-west into St. Lawrence, where it empties in- to the St. Regis river.
DEER RIVER FALLS, P. o. Duane, Franklin co.
DEFRIESTVILLE, p. o. Green- bush, Rensselaer co .; here are sit- uated 1 Dutch Reformed church, 1 tavern, 1 store and about 15 dwel- lings
1
DE KALB-DELAWARE RIVER.
DE KALB, t. St. Lawrence co. situated 10 miles south-west of the village of Canton, and distant 193 miles from Albany; contained in 1840,1,531 inhabitants. The sur- face is hilly, and soil rather indif- ferent; marble and iron ore are found in this town; it is watered by the Oswegatchie river and some
Richville are names of post offices,
DE KALB, V. and p. o. De Kalb, St. Lawrence co. is situated on the east side of the Oswegatchie river; it contains about 150 inhabitants, 30 dwelling houses, 2 taverns and 1 store. At the falls near the vil- lage there is a grist mill and a saw mill; the Oswegatchie is navigable of its tributaries. De Kalb and | from this place to Ogdensburgh.
DELAWARE COUNTY, formed from Ulster and Otsego in 1797, is centrally distant 70 miles from the city of Albany; it is bounded on the north by the counties of Otsego and Schoharie, easterly by Schoha- rie and Greene, southerly by Ulster and Sullivan, and westerly by Chenango and Broome counties and the Pennsylvania state line. The surface is generally rough and hilly, abounding with extensive forests, Ranges of hills extend through the county from north-east to south- west, between the several streams which flow in the same direction. Much of the land, particularly in the valleys, is of excellent quality, affording rich pastures for cattle, with which this county abounds. The soil on the uplands is various, most of it when cleared being well adapted for grazing. The exports are mostly live stock and lumber; the latter is floated down the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, both of which streams have their source in this region; in addition to the above, Charlotte river and Beaverkill are important streams. This county is not considered rich in minerals; there however exists some deposites of bog iron ore, and copper ore is very generally diffused though in small quantities. There are moreover several mineral springs. The New-York and Erie railroad, when completed, will extend through the south-west part of this county. Its area is about 460 square miles, or 933,500 acres.
The following are the names of the towns in Delaware county, with the population in 1840.
Andes, 2,176
Bovina,
1,403
Meredith, .
1,640
Middletown, 2,608
Roxbury,
3,013
DELHI,. 2,554
Franklin,
3,025
Hamden, .
1,469
Hancock, 1,026
Harpersfield,
1,708
Kortright,
2,441
DELAWARE RIVER, rises in Delaware co. being formed by two branches, one called the Mohawks or West Branch, and the other the Papacton branch of the Delaware; which streams unite in the town of Hancock, where this river for some distance forms the dividing line between the states. of New-York
Masonville, 1,420
Colchester,
1,567
Davenport, 2,052
Sidney, 1,732
Stamford, 1,681
Tompkins,
2,035
Walton, .
1,846
Total inhabitants, 35,369
and Pennsylvania; it then contin- ues in a southern direction, form- ing the division line between the state of Pennsylvania and New- Jersey; emptying into the Dela- ware Bay, thence into the Atlan- tic ocean. Its whole length is 310 miles and is navigable from the city of Trenton, N. J. to its mouth.
141
142
DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL-DENMARK.
DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL, extends from the Hudson river, near the village of Rondout, Ulster county, to Honesdale, in Pennsylvania, a distance of 108 miles; a railroad then extends a further distance of 16} miles to the coal mines at Carbondale; total length from the Hudson to Carbon- dale, 124} miles. This canal runs through Ulster county, in the valley of the Rondout creek, then through a part of Sullivan and Orange counties, until it reaches the valley of the Delaware, thence in a north- west course up this stream, along its left bank to a dam near the mouth of the Lackawaxen creek, in Pennsylvania ; here the canal crosses the Delaware and pursues the valley of the above creek to Honesdale ; the New-York section being 83 miles ; the Pennsylvania section 25 miles. The above works were originally constructed by two distinct companies ; the " Hudson and Delaware Canal Company," of New-York, and the " Lacka- waxen Canal Company," of Penn- sylvania. These corporations are now united, forming one interest. The work was commenced in 1825, and completed in 1829, at a total cost of $1,875,000.
DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL, commences at Borden- town, on the Delaware river, and runs to Trenton, parallel with the river ; it then diverges towards the north-east, and extends to the city of New-Brunswick, where it ter- minates ; connecting with the na- vigable waters of the Raritan river. Length 42 miles. This canal af- fords a water communication be- tween the cities of New-York and Philadelphia, for vessels of a large class ; it being 75 feet wide, and 7 feet deep.
DELAVAN, p. o. Yorkshire, Cattaraugus co.
DELHI, t. Delaware co. con- tains the county buildings, situated
in the village of the same name, and is distant from Albany 77 miles ; it contained in 1840, 2,554 inhabitants. The surface is some- what broken by the different branches of the Delaware river, which here unite, and form the Mohawks, or west branch of the above river; the soil is fertile in the valleys.
DELHI, V. and p. o. Delhi, De- laware co. is pleasantly situated on a plain on the right bank of the west branch of the Deleware river; it contains about 800 inhabitants, 125 dwellings, a fine court house and jail ; an incorporated academy ; 3 churches, 3 hotels, 13 stores, 2 printing offices ; an extensive and flourishing woollen factory ; 1 grist mill, 1 saw mill, besides a number of different kinds of mechanic work shops. Delhi is situated 70 miles westerly from Catskill, and about the same distance from Kingston, Ulster county ; stages run daily to both of the above places.
DELIA LAKE, is a small body of water lying in the town of New- comb, Essex co. being one of the head tributaries of the Hudson ri- ver.
DELPHI, V. and p. o. Pompey, Onondaga co. contains about 250 inhabitants, 35 dwelling houses, 1 church, 1 tavern and 3 stores.
DELTA, V. and p. o. Lee, Onei- da co. contains about 350 inhabi- tants, 50 dwelling houses, 1 church, 1 tavern, 3 stores, 1 large flouring mill, 1 fulling mill, 1 furnace and 1 distillery .
DENMARK, t. Lewis co: situa- ted 15 miles north of the village of Martinsburgh, and distant 141 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 2,388 inhabitants, Surface in part hilly ; soil, rich loam, underlaid with limestone. It is watered by Deer creek, and bounded on the north-east by Black river. Den- mark and Copenhagen are names of post offices.
143
DENMARK-DEXTER.
DENMARK, V. and p. o. Den-| demy in a flourishing condition; 2 taverns, 4 stores and 1 tannery.
mark, Lewis co. contains about 150 inhabitants, 25 dwelling hou- ses, 1 church, an academy, 2 ta- verns and 3 stores.
DEPAUVILLE, V. and p. o. Clayton, Jefferson co. is situated at the falls on Catfish creek ; it con- tains about 200 inhabitants, 30 dwelling's, 1 church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 1 grist mill and 1 saw mill.
DE PEYSTER, t. St. Lawrence co. situated 12 miles west of the village of Canton, and distant 180 miles from Albany; contained in 1840, 1,074 inhabitants. The sur- face is diversified with gentle undu- lations ; soil, of a good quality, light and easily tilled. It is bound- ed on the west by Black lake, and drained by the Oswegatchie river and some of its tributaries on the east and north. De Peyster is the name of a post office, where there is a small settlement.
DEPOSIT, V. and p. o. Tomp- kins, Delaware county, is situated DEXTER, V. and p. o. Brown- on the north side of the Delaware | ville, Jefferson co. is situated on river ; it contains about 600 inha-] bitants, 100 dwelling houses, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church; 2 taverns, 5 stores, 1 grist mill and 2 saw mills. The New-York and Erie railroad will pass through this place when completed, and it is now a great deposit for lumber, which is floated down the Dela- ware to market.
DE RUYTER, t. Madison co. situated 14 miles south-west of the village of Morrisville, and distant 122 miles from Albany ; con- tained in 1840, 1,799 inhabitants. The surface is high and hilly ; soil, clay and sandy loam ; drained by the east branch of the Tiough- nioga river.
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