USA > Arizona > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 34
USA > New Mexico > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 34
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Pino tells us that maize yields 50 to 100 fold. Tithes amount to about $10,000, and are distributed as follows, giving an idea of the country's products: maize 3,000 fanegas, wheat 2,000 fan., vegetables 1,000 fan., wool 1,000 arrobas, cotton 40 arr., wine 400 arr., sheep 5,000, calves 200, goats 500. As we have seen, there are some slight indications that each pueblo, in earlier times, had 4 sq. leagues of land assigned; but Pino states that in 1811 a pueblo has but 1 league, and for this should properly have 500 Ind. As few have over 300, there is much land not used, on which Span. should be allowed to settle. See mention of agric. topics in Nour. Ann. Voy., xxvi. 409; Gordon's Hist. and Geog. Mem., 85-6; Niles' Reg., xxiii. 16.
39 Pino, Expos., 13; Id., Not., 19-20; Pike's Explor. Trav., 335.
40 Bartlett's Pers. Narr., i. 227-9; Prince's Hist. Sk., 241; Sta Fé, N. Mex. Review, July 29, '83. In 1804 a Comanche reported a gold mine in a cerro 15 d. from Pecos, and was ordered to bring in some of the ore. Arch. Sta Fé, MS. Coal ment. in Soc. Mex. Geog., ii. 20, in 1805.
304
LAST YEARS OF SPANISH RULE.
nothing to show that any practical mining was ever done in New Mexico under Spanish rule. Stone was not used for building, but only adobes; yet a semi- transparent yeso, or gypsum, was quarried near Santa Fé and used for window-panes. Pike calls it a flex- ible talc.41 Pino tells us that roads in the province were good, but he did not allude to artificial improve- ments.
There were no colleges or public schools, and no professional man-except of the military profession- or priest had been produced in New Mexico. There were a few private teachers in the larger towns, and at El Paso from 1806-7 a school seems to have been maintained.42 The only medical man in the country was the presidial surgeon at Santa Fé. Of social manners and customs we have nothing pertaining es- pecially to this period, except the somewhat superficial observations of Pike. He represents the New Mexi- cans, however, as brave, industrious, and above all hospitable, but somewhat loose in their ideas of moral- ity, implying that on this point he could say much more than would be in good taste, considering the kindness with which he had been treated. In most social respects this province closely resembled Cali- fornia, where the condition of affairs is well known to readers of other volumes in this series.
The government and administration of justice were still essentially military, as they had always been, the governor being also military chief. There were no ayuntamientos. or other municipal bodies, no courts, no taxes, no treasuries or municipal funds. Each of the eight alcaldes attended to all local matters in his own alcaldia, being responsible to the governor, from whose decision the only appeal was to the audiencia of Guadalajara. An audiencia at Chihuahua was deemed an urgent necessity. The governor, with a salary of $4,000, had no legal adviser or notary, but
41 The yeso is mentioned by Chacon and Pino.
42 Five hundred and eighty-four children in attendance in 1806; 460 in 1807. Arch. Sta Fé, MS. Pino says there were no beggars or vagrants.
305
EDUCATION AND GOVERNMENT.
was aided by two lieutenants and two alfereces. The alcaldes were vecinos, who got no pay. A lieutenant of the governor in his military capacity ruled at El Paso for a salary of $2,000.43
The regular military force supported by the royal treasury was 121 men, forming the presidial or veteran company of Santa Fé." But Pino states that an av- erage force of 1,500 men had been required to defend the province, which the settlers had furnished without pay, and even armed and equipped at their own cost, thus saving the king $43,090,000 in the past 118 years.45 There was probably a degree of exaggeration in this, but the deputy complained, with reason, that this system was an intolerable burden, urging that New Mexico should be put in this respect on the same basis as other provinces; that the militia should be properly organized, paid, and armed; and that five pre- sidios should be established or transferred from the south. In January 1813 Pino urged this part of his scheme anew in the córtes; it was referred to the comision ultra marina; and in May some kind of an order had been issued by the regency to the viceroy, probably one to investigate and report.46 A year later Don Simon Elias, being called upon for his opinion, re- ported against the transfer of the southern presidios to New Mexico, but favored the establishment of two new ones on the Rio Grande between Sevilleta and El Paso.47 So nothing was done. At this time
43 Davis, El Gringo, 83, notes the execution of a soldier in '15 for a petty theft 'as an evidence of the iron rule that prevailed in those days.' By the constitution a prov. of less than 60,000 pop. was to be joined to the adjoining prov. for the election of a diputado. Sto Domingo was an exception, and Pino argued that N. Mex. should be another.
" Distrib. as follows, acc. to Pino: 39 in the real de caballada, or movable detachment, 12 on guard at the capital, 7 at Sevilleta on the southern frontier, and the rest scattered at various points with the militia. The pay of a sol- dier was $240. Pike, Explor. Trav., 344, talks of a force of 1,000 dragoons at Sta Fé.
45 Pino, Expos., 14-20; Id., Not., 41 4. In 1808, 3 companies of militia were organized under captains Lorenzo Gutierrez, José Fran. Pino, and Bartolomé Vaca, 61 men in each comp .; but down to 1812 they had received no pay.
46 Diario de Cortes, 1813, xvii. 50; xix. 307.
47 May 20, '14, report of Elias, in Pinart, Doc. Hist. Chih., MS., 15-24. Cost of Sta Fé comp., 127 men, in '14, $36,644. MS. of Pinart Col.
HIST. ARIZ. AND N. MEX. 20
306
LAST YEARS OF SPANISH RULE.
the presidio of Carrizal, formerly at El Paso, was no longer considered as belonging to New Mexico.
We have seen that the number of christianized pueblo Indians neither increased nor diminished per- ceptibly in these 22 years; nor were there any changes in the system of mission management. There were from 19 to 22 Franciscan friars in charge of the mis- sions; but they lived chiefly at the places having a large Spanish population. Pino states that in 1811 in 19 purely Indian pueblos there were but five mis- sionaries. There was one secular priest at Santa Fé, and there, as at Alburquerque and Santa Cruz, the friars were supported by fees; the rest by their sínodos of $330 from the royal treasury.43 On one phase of the earlier controversy-complaints of the padres against the governor and alcaldes for ill-treating the Indians- I find nothing new, though there is little reason to suppose that any practical reform had been effected. Lieutenant Pike found the natives virtually slaves, and cruelly treated by the Spanish officers. On the other hand, the friars' shortcomings were still a current topic of dispute. In consequence of a petition from the natives, the exact purport of which is unknown to me, Protector-general Andrade at Guadalajara in 1810 appointed Felipe Sandoval 'protector partidario' of the New Mexican Indians. Sandoval in his report stated that the padres were content with simply saying mass, and the neophytes were in reality deprived of spiritual instruction. This brought out a reprimand from the bishop of Durango; and the vice-custodio, Padre Sebastian Alvarez, called upon the friars for a defence in 1818. They indignantly denied the truth of the charges, declaring that the 'protector' was not
48 Pino, Not., 15-16, 88; Expos., 7-8. He notes that an Ind. woman will not bear more than 4 children, taking preventive drinks. In '20-1, there were 19-21 padres, with 11 sínodos, amounting to $3,289 or $3,900. C'hacon, Informe, MS. I make no attempt to record the names of padres serving dur- ing this and later periods, though many of them might probably be obtained from old mission registers and other records still existing.
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MISSION AFFAIRS.
only influenced by evil motives but was a thief." No bishop visited the province after 1760, and therefore there were no confirmations. Delegate Pino, a New Mexican 50 years of age, had never seen a bishop until he came to Spain in 1812. He urgently de- manded the erection of his province into a separate bishopric, and the carrying-out of the royal order and papal bull of 1777-9 in favor of a college. His idea was that the tithes, yielding $9-10,000, as disadvan- tageously rented, were ample to pay the episcopal salary and all other necessary expenses; besides, the sínodos of six missions might justly be added, since the fees at Belen, Isleta, Abiquiú, Santa Clara, San Juan, and Taos would suffice for the friars' support. Ac- cordingly, on January 26, 1813, the erection of a bishopric and establishment of the college were de- creed by the córtes; and some supplementary instruc- tions were issued in May; but practically nothing was done under Spanish rule.50
It is to be regretted that nothing is known of polit- ical events and sentiments in New Mexico during the war of independence in 1811-21. There is no indica- tion that the great national struggle sent even a ripple of excitement to the northern interior; and we may reasonably conclude that officials and people here, as in California, were content to await the issue, in which
19 Appointment of Sandoval Aug. 20, 1810, in Arch. Sta Fé, MS. Develop- ments of 1818. N. Mex., Defensas de Misioneros, in Id. On March 26, '18, the gov. and bishop were asked by the audiencia to see that the Ind. of Jemes should receive proper Christian instruction in Spanish. Id. The friars who signed the Defensas were Mariano Peñon, Laguna; José Pedro Rubí, Belen; José Ign. Sanchez, Isleta; Diego Martinez de Arellano, Sandía; Gerónimo Riego, S. Felipe. In 1805 Padre Prada asks the gov. for relief for Zuñi, where the position of the padre in time of peace was intolerable, and in war most perilous. The Zuñis have no inclination to Christianity, and only a few pay any attention to its rites. They were friendly to the hostile Navajos, who, on their visits to Zuñi, were always furnished women with whom to sleep; and similar privileges were offered to Lieut. Narbona and his men. Arch. Sta Fé, MS.
50 Pino, Not., 19, 22, 31-3, 90-2; Id., Expos., 7-8, 25-7; Diario de Córtes, 1812, xvi. 160; 1813, xx. 141-2; Cortes, Col. de Decretos, iii. 200; Arrillaga, Recop., 1830, p. 95-6. In his Adiciones to Pino, p. 34 of Noticias, Barreiro speaks of a decree of Jan. 26, '18, in favor of the bishopric and colegio. Some- thing was also attempted in '23.
308
LAST YEARS OF SPANISH RULE.
they took but slight interest, and of which in its de- tails they were to a great extent kept in ignorance. In New Mexico, the element of private correspond- ence, so important an aid in tracing the annals of this period in California, is entirely lacking in the records within my reach. We have seen that in 1822 Governor Melgares was succeeded by Chavez, and also that Vizcarra ruled for a time in the same year. Besides this brief record, we have one important doc- ument of 1821, which shows how news of Iturbide's accession was received, and which may indicate that New Mexicans were not behind Californians in the ver- satility displayed in accepting the successive changes of government, with prodigious and suddenly acquired enthusiasm for each.
It was on September 11th that the 'dulce voz de libertad' was first heard, and lovers of the country and religion swore to the independence at Santa Fé; and on December 26th -¡ dia glorioso! ¡ Dia de admiracion, y dia tan eternal para los Nuevos Méxicos, que de pa- dres á hijos se ira trasmitiendo hasta la mas remota posteridad !- came news of Iturbide's entry into Mex- ico. Dozens of citizens received communications in writing and print by the mail of that day, which they read aloud to the crowd at the post-office, the gov- ernor reading a patriotic address from the city of Tepic, with a poetic effusion of that liberalísimo europeo' Don Pedro Negrete, on listening to which all, from the 'tierno parvulito' to the 'trémulo an- ciano,' were beside themselves with joy, and filled the air with vivas, as Melgares shouted, " New Mexicans, this is the occasion for showing the heroic patriotism that inflames you; let your sentiments of liberty and gratitude be published abroad, and let us show ty- rants that although we live at the very extremity of North America we love the holy religion of our fathers; that we cherish and protect the desired union between Spaniards of both hemispheres; and that, with our last drop of blood, we will sustain the
309
ITURBIDE AND THE EMPIRE.
sacred independence of the Mexican empire!" The 6th of January, 1822, was set apart for a formal cele- bration, which should, if possible, excel that of Tepic. At dawn the salutes of artillery and the marching of processions began; and with dawn of the next day, ended the grand baile at the palacio. Never did Santa Fé behold such a splendid display. The inde- pendientisimo postmaster, Juan Bautista Vigil, ex- celled himself in painting decorations; the excesivo independiente alcalde, Pedro Armendaris, led a tri- umphant paseo; and a grand loa de las tres garantias was performed, by Alférez Santiago Abreu represent- ing independence, Curate and Vicar Juan Tomás Terrazas religion, and Chaplain Francisco Osio the union. All through the day and night the villa was painted red with independence or death, and Gov- ernor Melgares wrote a flaming account of the whole affair for the Gaceta Imperial.51 Doubtless Don Fa- cundo, realizing the side on which his bread was but- tered, saw to it that nothing was lost in telling the story; and presumably the fall of Iturbide a little later was celebrated with equal enthusiasm. There was nothing mean or one-sided in New Mexican patriotism.
51 Melgares (Facundo), Demostraciones que para soleminzar la Independencia del Imperio hizo la ciudad de Sta Fé, 1822. In Gaceta Imp., March 23, 26, '22, ii. 85-93. Proclamation of the plan de Iguala in N. Mex., 1821, mentioned in Alaman, Hist. Mej., v. 237-9, from the same source. It is noticeable that in the celebration the gov. is called jefe politico, and an ayuntamiento is men- tioned. Sept. 10, '22, N. Mex. was made one of the 5 Provincias Internas under a com. gen. at Chih., corres. to the earlier intendencia; that is, there was practically no change in N. Mex. Mex., Mem. Guerra, 1823, p. 25.
CHAPTER XIV.
A MEXICAN TERRITORY.
1823-1845.
SUCCESSION OF RULERS-TERRITORY AND DEPARTMENT- CIVIL AND MILITARY GOVERNMENT-CHRONOLOGY-INDIAN AFFAIRS-REVOLUTION OF IS37-8 -PEREZ, GONZALEZ, AND ARMIJO-TEXAN SANTA FE EXPEDITION OF 1841-DEFEAT OF THE INVADERS-TEXAN RAIDS FOR PLUNDER IN 1843- McDANIEL, WARFIELD, AND SNIVELY-THE FILIBUSTERS FOILED-THE SANTA FE TRADE-COMMERCE OF THE PRAIRIES-MAP-EVENTS AND STATISTICS - STORRS AND GREGG - PATTIE'S EXPLOITS - CALIFORNIA CARAVANS -- INDUSTRIAL CONDITION-MINES AND MISSIONS-SCHOOLS -. NEWSPAPER-POPULATION.
THE ruler at Santa Fé during the Mexican republi- can régime of 1823-46 was known as jefe político until 1837, and later bore the title of gobernador. The list, as made up from those of Prince, Meline, Ritch, and the United States land-office reports, with slight corrections from original sources, is given in a note.1 As a rule, nothing is definitely known respect- ing the acts of these officials or the circumstances of their accession to power.
Until 1824 New Mexico was a province, one of the Provincias Internas, until, by the acta constitutiva of January 31st, it was joined to the provinces of Chi-
1 List of governors of N. Mex., 1823-46: Antonio Vizcarra to June 1823; Francisco Javier Chavez, June and July, acting; Bartolomé Vaca, 1823 to Sept. 1825; Antonio Narbona, Sept. 1825 to May 1827; Manuel Armijo, 1827-8: Antonio Vizcarra, acting in 1828; Jose Antonio Chavez, 1828-31; Santiago Abreu, 1831-2, or perhaps to 1833; Francisco Sarracino, 1833 to May 1835, though Juan Rafael Ortiz seems to be named in the archives in Oct. 1834; Mariano Chavez, acting, May to July 1835; Albino Perez, 1835-7; Pedro Muñoz, acting, 1837-8; José Gonzalez, pretendant or revolutionary gov., 1837-8; Manuel Armijo, Jan. 1838 to 1846; Antonio Sandoval, acting, 1841; Mariano Martinez de Lejanza, acting, 1844-5; José Chavez, acting, Sept. to Dec. 1845; and Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid, acting, in Aug. 1846.
( 310)
311
REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT.
huahua and Durango, to form the Estado Interno del Norte. Durango, however, protesting against this arrangement, because the capital was fixed at Chihua- hua, the two southern provinces were made states, and from July 6th New Mexico became a territory of the republic. At the same time the El Paso district was joined to Chihuahua, but no eastern or western bounds were assigned to New Mexico, it being under- stood that the territory extended in those directions far out beyond the settlements, and in the north to the Arkansas, the limit of Mexican possessions since 1819. Under the new constitution of December 1836 the territory became a department, and was so called to the end of Mexican rule.2
Under the new forms of the republican régime there was practically no change in the government, all tranches being controlled somewhat arbitrarily by the governor. There was a kind of legislature, or execu- tive council, of four or six members, known as the diputación provincial, or territorial, from 1824, junta departamental from 1837, and sometimes asamblea in 1844-5; but this body is stated by Barreiro and others to have been a nullity, and very little is known of its acts.3 Instead of the alcaldes mayores of Spanish times, there were ayuntamientos at a few of the larger towns, with ordinary alcaldes at the smaller settlements.4 In 1844, by a decree of the assembly,
2 July 19, 1823, decree alluding to N. Mex. as one of the Provincias Int. de Occidente, and providing that the civil and military command be sepa- rated. Mex., Col. Ord. y Decretos, ii. 147-8. Acta const. of Jan. 1824. Mer., Col. Constit., i. 3. Decree of Feb. 4, 1824, N. Mex. to send one diputado to the diputacion provincial of Chih. Mex., Col. Ord. y Dec., iii. 25. July 6th, 'La prov. de N. Mex. queda de territorio de la federacion.' Id., 55. July 27th, bounds of Chih., including El Paso. Id., 59. Protest of Durango against estado del norte, with capital at Chih. Pinart, Doc. Hist. Chih., MS., ii. 1. Law of Dec. 30, 1836, 'N. Mex. será departamento.' Arrillaga, Recop., 1836, p. 379. Jan. 18, 1845, N. Mex. declared one of the departamentos fronterizos, as per art. 134, pt 17, of the constitution. Mex., Leyes (Palacio), 1344-6, p. 81.
3 Barreiro, Ojeada, 27-8. In 1831 the members are named, Ant. J. Mar- tinez being the first. Arch. Sta Fé, MS. In 1844 Jesus Maria Gallegos was pres. and J. B. Vigil sec. Abert's Rept, 479. In 1845 the asamblea had four members, and one suplente not named. S. Miguel, Rep. Mex., 60.
4 In 1827-32, acc. to Barreiro, Ojeada, 42, and a table by Narbona, in Pino, Not., 27-30, only Sta Fé, Cañada, and Taos had ayuntamientos. The parti-
312
A MEXICAN TERRITORY.
published in a bando by the governor, the department was divided into three districts and seven partidos ; and presumably prefecturas were organized, since one or two prefects are incidentally named. Of New Mexican representatives in congress, I have found no record.5
dos were Sta Fé, including S. Miguel del Vado, Cochiti, Jemes, Sandía, and Alameda under alcaldes, and also Tesuque, Pecos, Sto Domingo, Cia, Sta Ana, and S. Felipe; Alburquerque, including Isleta, Tomé, Belen, Socorro, and Laguna as alcaldías, and also Sabinal, Acoma, and Zuñi; and Cañada, in- cluding S. Juan, Taos, and Abiquiú under alcaldes, with Sta Clara, S. Ilde- fonso, Pujuaque, Nambé, and Picuries. The division into districts and partidos on June 17, 1844, was as follows: Central district, cabecera Sta Fé, which is also capital of the department, with three partidos: Ist, Sta Fé, in- cluding S. Ildefonso, Pujuaque, Nambé, Cuyamanque, Tesuque, Rio Tesuque, Cienega, Cieneguilla, Agua Fria, Galisteo, Real del Oro, and Tuerto; 2d, Algodones, including Rayada, Cochití, Peña Blanca, Chilili, Sto Domingo, Cubero, S. Felipe, Jemes, Cia, Sta Ana, and Angostura; 3d, S. Miguel del Vado, including Pecos, Gusano, Rio de la Vaca, Mula, Estramosa, S. José, Pueblo, Puertecito, Cuesto, Cerrito, Anton Chico, Tecolote, Las Vegas, and Cepillo. Northern district, cabecera Los Luceros, with two partidos: Ist, Rio Arriba, capital Luceros, including Sta Cruz de la Cañada, Chimayo, Truchas, Sta Clara, Vegas, Chama, Cuchillo, Abiquiú, Rito, Colorado, Ojo Caliente, Ranchitos, Chamita, S. Juan, Rio Arriba, Joya, and Embudo; 2d, Taos, capital Don Fernandez (S. Fernando de Taos ?), including S. Francisco, Arroyo Hondo, Arroyo Seco, Desmontes (Dos Montes ?), Ciene- guilla, Picuríes, Sta Bárbara, Zampas, Chemisal, Llano Peñasco, Moro, Huérfano, and Cimarron. South-eastern district, cabecera Valencia, with two partidos: Ist, Valencia, including S. Fernando, Tomé, Socorro, Limitar, Polvaderas, Sabinal, Elames, Casa Colorado, Cibolleta (Sevilleta), Sabino, Parida, Luis Lopez, Belen, Lunas, Lentes, Zuñi, Acoma, and Rito; 2d, Bernalillo, including Isleta, Padilla, Pajarito, Atrisco, Placeres, Alburquer- que, Alameda, Corrales, and Sandia. Doc. from the Arch. Sta Fé, translated in Abert's Rept., 477-9. Abert and Prince choose to call the partidos ' coun- ties.'
5 Except of José A. Chavez, in 1827-8, described in the Semblanzas de Dipu- tados as ' consigned' to Francisco Tagle.
Gregg, Com. Prairies, i. 222, 233-8, and Davis, El Gringo, 105-7, give an account of the administration of justice by the alcaldes, or through the arbi- tration of hombres buenos, appeals to the governor, penalties of fine and im- prisonment, not very impartially awarded, absence of all the legal forms of court routine, exemptions under the military and ecclesiastical fueros, the impossibility of obtaining justice, and the consequent prevalence of thefts and other petty offences. In these matters N. Mexico was like all the distant Mexi- can territories, and much light will be thrown on them by a perusal of the an- nals of California, where the records are more complete. In Mex., Mem. Justicia, 1826, p. 6, it is said there was no juez de letras nor lawyer in N. Mex., and litigation had to be carried on at enormous cost in Durango, Zacatecas, etc. In Id., 1828, no. 2, p. 14, there is said to be a juzgado de distrito at Sta Fé; also that the circuit court of Parral has jurisdiction in N. Mex. In Id., 1831, p. 7. 18, $3,000 has been assigned for a lawyer to serve as juez de letras. Yet in 1832 Barreiro, Ojeada, 38-9, who has served two years as asesor, or legal adviser, complains that 'jamas se castigan los delitos, porque no hay en lo absoluto quien sepa formar una sumaria, evacuar una defensa, ni llevar la voz fiscal;' that few are able to carry their cases to Mex .; and that he de- spairs of being able to introduce order into the administration of justice in
313
MILITARY AFFAIRS.
Down to 1839 the territory was under the military rule of a commandant, called militar, principal, or de armas, who was subordinate to the comandante gen- eral of Chihuahua. At times the civil and military commands were held by the same and at others by different men. In 1824 the presidial company at Santa Fé had 119 men, including officers, at a total cost of $35,488. A Mexican law of 1826 provided for three permanent cavalry companies of 100 rank and file, each at a cost of $87,882; and for two com- panies of active militia, each of 100 men. Barreiro, however, writing in 1832, states that the territory had still only its one company, urging an increase of force and a transfer of the presidio to Valverde. In 1835, on the coming of Governor Perez, who was also comandante principal, some slight effort seems to have been made to reorganize the forces, without definite results. In 1839 New Mexico was separated from Chihuahua, and made a comandancia, Governor Ar- mijo having later the title of comandante general. From this time, also, in Mexican reports the existence of the three companies is noted, though with only men enough for one. The truth seems to be that here, as in California during the larger part of Mexi- can rule, the military organization hardly existed ex- cept on paper.6
N. Mex. He urges the 'reestablishment' of a juzgado de letras. In the estimates of 1838, Mex., Mem. Hac., 2d pt, the ministros and fiscales are to receive $4,000 each. Prince, 229, names Ex-gov. Abreu as chief justice down to 1837. All is very confusing, and it is hard to determine whether the ter- ritory ever had any courts except those of the ordinary alcaldes.
6 Company report of Dec. 1824, showing that the captain was jefe político, with $4,000 pay. MS. of the Pinart Col. Law of March 21, 1826, establish- ing presidial and militia companies. Arrillaga, Recop., Jan-June 1836, p. 193- 204; Riesgo and Valdés, Mem. Estad., 26. In 1824 Juan José Arocha was com. de armas. Arch. Sta Fé, MS., 1832; Barreiro, Ojeada, 30-6, on military matters. He urges the necessity of an increased force to hold the Americans as well as the Indians in check, separation from the Chihuahua comandancia, and especially a transfer of the presidio to Valverde, it being of no use at Sta Fé. He advises selling the old wall of the capital for building material; also the establishing of a military school, and organization of the militia. On Aug. 1, 1834, Blas Hinojos was capt. of the company and comandante prin- cipal of N. Mex., signing a proclamation in favor of Sta Anna, which is also signed by sergeants and corporals of Sta Fé, Taos, and S. Miguel del Vado, indicating either a distribution of the company at 3 points or an attempt to
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