History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII, Part 38

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Oak, Henry Lebbeus, 1844-1905
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: San Francisco : The History Company
Number of Pages: 890

USA > Arizona > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 38
USA > New Mexico > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 38

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50 Decrees on bishopric. S. Miguel, Mex., ii. 2; Arrillaga, Recop., 1830, p. 94-6; Mex., Col. Ord. y Dec., ii. 148. Tithes rented for $10,000 to $12,000 per year, about one third of their value. Barreiro, 41. Juan Felipe Ortiz is named as vicar in '32-41; and Fr. José Pedro Rubin de Celis was custodio of the missionaries in 1827. Arch. Sta Fé, MS.

56 The census report of 1827 by Narbona, in Pino, Not Hist., 56-7, is the only detailed one extant. It makes the total 43,433, about evenly divided between the sexes. Married couples 7,677. Farmers 6,588, artisans 1,237, laborers 2,475, traders 93, teachers 17, curates 17, surgeon 1. There is no separation of whites and Ind. The larger towns, most of them including one or more small pueblos, are Sta Fé 5,759, S. Miguel del Vado 2,893, Albur- querque 2,547, Tomé 2,043, Cañada 6,508, S. Jnan 2,915, Taos 3,606, and Abiquiú 3,557. Pop. in 1831 estimated at 50,000. Mex. Mem., Rel., 1832 annex. 1, p. 11; Barreiro, 17. Mayer, Mex. Aztec, ii. 369, gives the pop. of the missions (?) in 1831 as 23,025. Pop. in 1833 52,360. Wizlizenus, Mem., 26; De Bow's Ency., 268. Cortina, in Instituto Nac. Bol., no. 1, p. 18, gives a

343

STATISTICS.

pop. of 43,439 in 1829 and 57,176 in 1833. Pop. in '38, '39, or '42, 57,026. Cortina, in Soc. Mex. Geog., Bol., vii. 139; Mex., Mem. Rel., 1847, p. 112; Wizli- zenus and De Bow. In 1840 Gov. Armijo, Pino, Not. Hist., 55, gives 28,939 men and 26,464 women, or total 55,403. Pop. in 1841 about 60,000 Span. acc. to sec. state, as quoted by Gregg, who also alludes to a census of 32 as showing 72,000. Gregg, Com. Prairies, i. 148-9, estimates, however, the pop. in '44 at 70,000, of whom 10,000 Ind. An original report of pop. in connection with the division into districts, etc. makes a total in '44 of 99,204; or by partidos-Sta Fé 12,500, Sta Ana 10,500, S. Miguel 18,800, Rio Arriba 15,000, Taos 14,200, Valencia 20,000, and Bernalillo 8,204. The summing up of the printed doc. is 100,064; but I suppose the correct total of 99,204 is an exaggeration, though Hughes, Doniphan's Exped., 38, gives the pop. as 160,000. Wizlizenus' gives 70,000 as the figure in 1846.

CHAPTER XV. PIMERÍA ALTA AND THE MOQUI PROVINCE. 1543-1767.

EARLIEST ANNALS OF A NON-EXISTENT AND NAMELESS PROVINCE-A CEN- TURY AND A HALF OF NEGLECT-ENTRADAS OF ESPEJO AND OÑATE-DOWN THE COLORADO TO THE GULF-CONVERSION AND REVOLT OF THE MOQUIS -PROGRESS IN SONORA-PIMERIA ALTA-MAPS-LABORS OF FATHER KINO-EXPLORATIONS IN ARIZONA-THE GILA AND CASA GRANDE- MANGE'S DIARIES-KINO'S MAP- FIRST MISSIONS IN 1732-BAC AND GUEVAVI-BOLAS DE PLATA-REVOLT-JESUIT EFFORTS TO ENTER THE MOQUI FIELD-TRIUMPH OF THE FRANCISCANS-EXPLORATIONS OF KELLER AND SEDELMAIR-UP THE COLORADO-LAST YEARS OF THE JESUIT RE- GIME-DECADENCE OF THE MISSIONS-TUBAC PRESIDIO-RANCHERIA OF TUCSON-APACHE RAIDS AND MILITARY EXPEDITIONS.

Now that eastern annals have been brought down to the end of Mexican rule, it is time to turn again to the west, to that portion of our territory known later as Arizona. In Spanish and Mexican times there was no such province, under that or any other name, nor was the territory divided by any definite boun- daries between adjoining provinces. That portion south of the Gila was part of Pimeria Alta, the north- ern province of Sonora. Except a small district of this Pimería, the whole territory was uninhabited, so far as any but aborigines were concerned. A small tract in the north-east was generally regarded as be- longing to New Mexico, because the Spaniards of that province sometimes visited, and had once for a brief period been recognized as masters of, the Moqui pueblos. Not only were no boundaries ever formally indicated, but I have found nothing to show how far in Spanish and Mexican opinion New Mexico was re-

(344 )

345

A NAMELESS PROVINCE.

garded as extending west or Sonora north. Each was deemed to stretch indefinitely out into the despoblado. California, however, while no boundary was ever fixed officially, was not generally considered to extend east of the Rio Colorado. The name Moqui province was sometimes rather vaguely applied to the whole region north of the Gila valley. Arizona-probably Arizo- nac in its original form-was the name given by the natives to a locality on the modern frontier of Sonora, and was known from just before the middle of the eighteenth century as the name of the mining camp, or district, where the famous bolas de plata were found. It is still applied to a mountain range in that vicinity.

Nearly all of what we now call Arizona has no other history before 1846 than the record of explor- ing entradas from the south and east. The exception is the small tract, of not more than sixty miles square, from Tucson southward, mainly in the Santa Cruz valley, which contained all the Spanish establishments, and whose annals are an inseparable part of those per- taining to Pimería Alta as a whole, or to Sonora, which included Pimería. Thus, the only history our territory has in early times belongs to that of other provinces, and is given elsewhere in this or other works of this series. To dispose of the matter here, however, by a mere reference to scattered material to be found elsewhere, would be by no means consistent with the unity I have aimed to give to my work as a whole and to each part. The story must be told, but it may be greatly condensed, reference sufficing for many de- tails. Neither the condensation nor the repetition involved can properly be regarded as a defect, each contributing, if I mistake not, to the completeness, clearness, and interest of the record.

The negro slave Estevan, closely followed by the Spanish friar Marcos de Niza, crossed Arizona from south-west to north-east in 1539; and these earliest

346

PIMERIA ALTA AND THE MOQUI PROVINCE.

explorers were followed in 1540 by Vasquez de Coro- nado, who, with an army of Spaniards, marched from Sonora to Zuñi, extended his exploration north-west- ward to the Moqui towns and the great canon of the Colorado, and recrossed Arizona in 1542 on his re- turn from eastern exploits and disasters among the New Mexican pueblos. These expeditions, the begin- ning of Arizona annals, are fully recorded in the sec- ond and third chapters of this volume; and the map, showing also one or two later entradas, is here repro- duced. While Coronado's observations were recorded with tolerable accuracy, no practical use was made of the information gained, and all that was accurate in the reports was soon forgotten. A century and a half was destined to pass before the Arizona line should again be crossed from the south.

But it was only forty years before the territory was again entered by Spaniards from the east. Antonio Espejo, with a few companions, in 1583, coming from the Rio Grande valley by way of Zuñi, marched to the Moqui towns, and thence penetrated some fifty leagues farther west or south-west, listening to tales of great towns said to lie beyond the great river, vis- iting maize-producing tribes, obtaining samples of rich silver ore in the region forty or fifty miles north of the modern Prescott, and returning by a more direct route to Zuñi.1 Fifteen years later the eastern line was again crossed by Juan de Oñate, the conqueror of New Mexico, who, at the end of 1598, very nearly repeated Espejo's Arizona exploration, starting out to reach the South Sea, but called back in haste to Acoma by news that the peñol patriots were in arms to regain their independence.2 In 1604 Oñate re- sumed his search for the Mar del Sur, and found it. With thirty men he marched westward, still via Zuñi and Moqui; crossed the Rio Colorado-as he named the branch since known as the Colorado Chiquito;

1 For Espejo's entrada, see p. 38-9 of this vol.

2 See p. 139, this volume.

347

ARIZONA IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

rdenas, 15.30

(Moqui)

Tusayan

Slonoce

R.Grunde

Farfan, 1598-) 1583

S.JOSE

Tobar, 1540)

Mines

1. Espejo

Cibolaa

de B. Esperanza

Marquez, 1604.

$60$

Ofiate,

R.S.

34-

Ba hacechas

de Jesus

ila

uena Guia

Ozaras

R.del Nombre

Halchedumas

Tlaghi

capa

(Tucson

Tlalliguamayaş

Cocapas

(Sonoita)|o

Jacopa

Niza's po

le route

(Altar) o

Diaz, 1540

Sonofa

(Hermosillo)

114

112

136 --

R.Colorado

Espejo, 1583

P35

Ama cavas

EARLIEST EXPLORATIONS OF ARIZONA.

348

PIMERIA ALTA AND THE MOQUI PROVINCE.

gave the names San Antonio and Sacramento to two branches of the river later called Rio Verde in the region north of Prescott-a considerable portion of his route corresponding in a general way with the line of the Atlantic and Pacific railroad of more mod- ern centuries; and kept on south-westward to and down the San Andres-Santa Maria and Bill Wil- liams fork-to its junction with the Rio Grande de Buena Esperanza, that is, the Colorado. One of the captains went up this river a short distance; and then all followed its course southward, fully understanding its identity with the stream called Rio del Tizon in Coronado's time, to the head of the gulf. The main eastern branch, or Gila, was named Rio del Nombre de Jesus. In January 1605, they reached tide-water and named a fine harbor Puerto de la Conversion de San Pablo; and then they returned by the same route to New Mexico. Nearly two centuries passed before the region between Moqui and Mojave was re- visited by Spaniards. Oñate's expedition to the South Sea, though of the greatest importance and accurately narrated, like that of Coronado had slight effect on real knowledge of geography, its chief effects being to complicate the vagaries of the Northern Mystery.

There were no more explorations from any direction in the seventeenth century, and Arizona annals for the whole period are confined to a few meagre items about the Moqui district as gathered from earlier chapters of this volume. It may be well to state here, however, that the name of Arizona's chief river is ap- parently used for the first time in a report of 1630, being applied to a New Mexican province of Gila, or

3 For Oñate's exped. of 1604-5, see p. 154 of this vol. Native tribes on the Colorado, from north to south, were, above the Gila, the Amacavas (later Yamajabs, Amajavas, or Mojaves), Bahacechas, and Ozaras; between the Gila and tide-water, the Halchedumas, Coahuanas, Tlaglli, Tlalliguamayas, and Cocapas. Among the contributions of this expedition to the Northern Mystery was the existence, as reported by the natives, of Lake Copala, where Aztec was spoken and golden bracelets were worn. The Spaniards also con- cluded, from their observations and statements of the natives, that the gulf extended indefinitely north-westward behind the mountains from the river's mouth, thus confirming the idea long entertained that Cal. was an island,

THE MOQUIS.

Xila, where the river has its source.4 At the begin- ning of the century the Moquis, like the other pueblos, accepted Christianity, were often visited by the friars from the first, and probably were under resident mis- sionaries almost continuously for eighty years; yet of all this period we know only that Fray Francisco Porras, who worked long in this field, converting some 800 souls at Aguatuvi, was killed by poison at his post in 1633; that Governor Peñalosa is said to have visited the pueblos in 1661-4; and that in 1680 four Franciscans were serving the five towns, or three missions. These were José Figueroa at San Bernar- dino de Aguatuvi, José Trujillo at San Bartolomé de Jougopavi, with the visita of Moxainavi, and José Espeleta, with Agustin de Santa María, at San Fran- cisco de Oraibe and Gualpi, all of whom lost their lives in the great revolt. From that time the valiant Mo- quis maintained their independence of all Spanish or Christian control. It is not clear that they sent their warriors to take part in the wars of 1680-96 in New Mexico, but they probably did so, and certainly af- forded protection to fugitives from the other pueblos, the Tehuas and others even building a new town ad- joining those of the Moquis, in which part of the tribe lived from that period. In 1692 they had, like the other nations, professed their willingness to submit to Governor Vargas; but in the following years no at- tempt to compel their submission is recorded. In 1700, however, fearing an invasion, they affected peni- tence, permitted a friar to baptize a few children, and negotiated in vain with the Spaniards for a treaty that should permit each nation to retain its own religion !5

Meanwhile, during this century and a half, though, as I have said, the Arizona line was not crossed from the south, the Spanish occupation was extended nearly to that line. In Coronado's time the northern limit of settlement was San Miguel de Culiacan. The

4 Benavides, Reqveste Remonst. Sce p. 162-3 of this vol.

5 On Moqui items of 1599-1700, see chap. vii .- x., this volume.

350

PIMERIA ALTA AND THE MOQUI PROVINCE.

villa of San Felipe de Sinaloa was founded in 1584, after the failure of several attempts, a little farther north. It was in 1591 that the Jesuits began their missionary work in Sinaloa, but they had no perma- nent establishments north of that province before 1600.6 The Fuerte de Montesclaros, giving name to the Rio del Fuerte, was built in 1610, and in the same year Captain Hurdaide, after a series of hard-fought battles and several reverses, made peace with the Yaqui Indians. In 1613 and 1617 respectively, missions were established among the Mayos and Yaquis, and a beginning was thus made of Jesuit work in Sonora. From 1621 eleven padres served 60,000 converts in the northern, or Sonora, mission district, called San Ignacio; in 1639 the spiritual conquest had extended to the Sonora valley proper, the region of Ures, among the Opatas, where the district of San Francisco Javier was organized; by 1658 this district had been extended so as to include missions as far north as Arizpe and Cuquiarachi; and by 1688 these northern missions- beyond Batuco and Nacori, in Pimería Baja, eighteen pueblos in six missions partidos-had been formed into the new district, or rectorado, of Santos Mártires de Japon. The next advance of missionary work northward will bring us to the subject proper of this chapter. It should be noted here that in 1640-50 there was a temporary division of the province, north- ern Sonora above the Yaqui River being called Nueva Andalucía. . In consequence of a quarrel with the Jesuits, the governor of the new province attempted to put the missions in charge of Franciscans; but, though a small party of friars came to the country, nothing was accomplished; and all trace of the change, secular and religious, disappeared about the middle of the century.7

6 For particulars, see Hist. North Mex. States, i. 107-23. This reference includes Ibarra's expeditions of 1564-5, which may possibly furnish an excep- tion to my statement that the Arizona line was not crossed till uearly the end of the next century.

7 See annals of Sinaloa and Sonora, 1600-1700, in Hist. North Mex. St., i. 202-50.

MISSIONS OF SONORA.

351

8.Ignacioo Imuris

o Bacuachi

· Cuquiarachi

· Magdalena

o Teuricachi

Chinapa

Babispe

Cucurpe (

Opotu

Arizpe

Baserac

° Toape

Comupas

Hueplaca

- Aconchi

Guazava

Nacameri

A Oposura

Babiacora

S.Juan?

Nacori

"S.Miguel

Batucon.

Sahuaripa

· Teopari

-29

Hermosillo-

Matape

Tecoripa

S.Javier Suaquio

Comuripa

R.S.Jose

Guaymas

28-

R. Yaqui

Chinipa

R. Mayo

· Guazapares ·Batosegachic

GILF

Alamos®

Varohios

Urique

Fuerte de Montes claros/5

Tehueco

· Sivirijoa

R. Alamos

MATAVA VALLEY

Ocoroni

Bacoburito

R.del Fuerte

Mochicavi

Yecorato

o Ahome

· Suaqui

Niovo

Guazave

R.Petatlan

R. Mucorito

ecorito

LIFORNIA

K. Humaya

SINALOA AND SONORA.

Chicorato

CALIFORNIA

Sinaloa S.Felipe

27-

Ures

R.de Sonora

. Banamichi

R.de Horcasitas

. Sindquipe

R.S.Ignacio

352

PIMERIA ALTA AND THE MOQUI PROVINCE.

Pimería Alta, home of the Pimas, but also includ- ing that of the Pápagos, Sobas, and Sobaipuris, be- sides other tribes in the north, was bounded on the south by the rivers Altar and San Ignacio with the latter's southern affluents, on the north in a general way by the Gila valley, on the west by the gulf and Rio Colorado, and on the east by the San Pedro, the country farther east being the home of Apaches and other savage tribes. This broad region was explored within a period of twenty years at the close of the seventeenth century and beginning of the eighteenth by the famous Jesuit, Father Eusebio Francisco Kino. Over and over again, often alone, sometimes with associates, guides, and a guard, this indefatigable mis- sionary traversed the valleys bounding the region on the south, east, and north, and more than once crossed in different directions the comparatively desert inte- rior, besides giving special attention to the gulf shore and Colorado mouth, for his original purpose was to reach and convert the Californians from this direction. He found the natives, grouped in a hundred or more rancherías, most docile and friendly, displaying from the first a childish eagerness to entertain the padre, to listen to his teachings, to have their names entered on his register, and to have their children baptized. They were, above all, desirous of being formed into regular mission communities, with resident padres of their own; and at many rancherías they built rude but neatly cared for churches, planted fields, and tended herds of live-stock in patient waiting for mis- sionaries who, in most cases, never came. Kino's great work began in 1687, when he founded the frontier mission of Dolores, his home or headquarters for the rest of his life. For six years he toiled alone, till fathers Campos and Januske came in 1693 to take charge of San Ignacio and Tubutama; and only eight padres besides Kino worked in this field during the latter's life, there being rarely, if ever, more than four at the same time. Missions were, however, estab-

353

MISSIONS IN PIMERIA.

lished, besides the three named, at Caborca, Suamca, and Cocóspera, with a dozen or more of the other rancherías as visitas. Those which became missions or visitas before 1800, with the presidios and other settlements, are best indicated on the appended map.

Tucson º

S.Javier

Sta. Cruz

R.S.Pedro

PAPAGUERÍA

Sonoita

Arivaca o

Tubac

Tumacacori

Guevavi & Calabizas

Quiburi

Arizona

Suamca Sta.Cruz. S.Lazaro

Aquimuri.

Terrenates

Fronteras O

Sarle

· Tubutama

9 Remedios

a Ati

· Oquitoa

Imuris

Pitiqui

Altar

· S.Ignacio

Dolores

Caborca .

· Magdalena

R.Altar

R.S.Ignacio

· Arizpe

MISSIONS OF PIMERÍA ALTA.

The great difficulty, and one that caused Kino no end of anxiety and sorrow, but never discouragement, was that, besides the zealous padre himself, no one seemed really to believe in the docility and good faith of the Pimas, who were accused of being treacherous, hos- tile, and in league with the Apaches. Even Jesuit visitors, when once they were beyond the reach of Kino's magnetism and importunity, were disposed to regard the padre's projects as visionary and danger- HIST. ARIZ. AND N. MEX. 23

Cocosperao

354

PIMERIA ALTA AND THE MOQUI PROVINCE.

ous, thus furnishing the Spanish authorities a plausi- ble pretext for withholding pecuniary support. There were no other establishments in these times except a garrison, or presidio, at Fronteras, or Corodeguachi; this and a compania volante being charged with resist- ing the almost constant raids of savage tribes in the north-east, and often requiring assistance from other presidios. All this region was under a comandante de armas, residing generally at San Juan Bautista, far- ther south, and there was no other government in the north. Captain Juan Mateo Mange was detailed with a part of the flying company from 1694 to protect the padres in their tours, and his excellent diaries consti- tute our best authority for events to 1702.8 There was a revolt in 1695, in which Padre Saeta, of Ca- borca, lost his life, several servants were killed, and many of the churches were sacked or destroyed. Yet notwithstanding the oppressive acts of military men and Spanish employees, which, according to the Jesuits, provoked the revolt, and the murderous slaughter by which it was avenged and the natives were forced to sue for peace, the padres seem to have had no difficulty in regaining all their earlier influence in a year or two; and the Pimas and Sobaipuris soon proved their fidelity by aiding the Spaniards most effectually in warfare against the Apaches, who in turn often raided the Pima rancherías, destroying the mission of Cocóspera in 1698. Still, by a perplexing combination of satanic influences, missionaries could not be obtained for the far north; and the old preju- dice against the Pimas was no sooner partially con- quered than it was transferred in full force to the Gila tribes, where Padre Eusebio, with a view to his Cali- fornian projects, desired to establish missions. Kino

died at his post in 1711.

8 Mange, Historia de la Pimeria Alta. MS. of the Arch. Gen. de Mex., printed in Doc. Hist. Mex. Hardly inferior as an authority, and extending over a longer period, is the Apostólicos Afanes, made up mainly from Kino's letters; and Alegre, Hist. Comp. Jesus, is another standard work. Full details in Hist. North Mex. States, i.

355

ARIZONA EXPLORATIONS.

Having thus presented a general view of the Pi- mería missions, it is necessary to notice somewhat more in detail explorations north of the Arizona line, where there was no mission with resident padre dur- ing Kino's life, though there were churches at several rancherías in the Santa Cruz valley. Kino may have crossed the line as far as Tumacácori with Sal- vatierra in 1691, and he is said to have reached Bac in 1692; but the records of these earliest entradas are vague, and doubtless some of his later tours in the Santa Cruz valley have left no trace. In 1694, how- ever, he penetrated alone to the Gila valley in quest of ruins reported by the Indians, reaching and saying mass in the Casa Grande, an adobe structure that had probably been visited by Niza and Coronado in 1539-40, and still standing as I write in 1886. In 1696 another visit to Bac is mentioned. Thus far, however, we have no particulars.

In November 1697 was undertaken the first for- mal exploration in this direction of which any detailed record has survived. Lieutenant Cristóbal Martin Bernal, with Alférez Francisco Acuña, a sergeant, and twenty soldiers, marched from Fronteras via Terrenate and Suamca, while Kino and Mange with ten ser- vants came from Dolores. The two parties united at Quiburi, not far from the site of the modern Tomb- stone; Coro, a Sobaipuri chief, with thirty warriors, joined the expedition; and all marched down the Rio Quiburi, since called the San Pedro, to its junction with the Gila, now so called in the records for the first time, though, as we have seen, the Gila province of New Mexico was named as early as 1630. Down the main river went the explorers to and a little be- yond the Casa Grande, which is for the first time described and pictured by simple drawings in the diaries. From the Gila they returned southward up the river, since called the Santa Cruz, by way of Bac and Guevavi, reaching Dolores at the beginning of December. They had marched 260 leagues, had been

356

PIMERIA ALTA AND THE MOQUI PROVINCE.

warmly welcomed everywhere, had registered 4,700 natives and baptized 89, besides conferring badges of office on many chieftains. Some details of this the first of Arizona explorations definitely recorded are given in a note.9

2 Bernal, Relacion, 1697, in Doc. Hist. Mex., 3d series, pt iv., p. 797-809; Mange, Hist. Pimeria, 274-91; also both diaries in MS. Bernal left Corode- guachi Nov. 5th, and marched to Surratapani de Guachi, 8 1 .; 6th, to Terre- nate, 12 1 .; 7th, to Sta María (Suamca), 12 1., where P. Contreras' mission was in a prosperous condition; 8th, to the valley and rancheria of S. Joaquin, 12 1 .; and 9th, to the rancheria de Quiburis, 8 1., where Kino was met. Meanwhile Kino and Mange, leaving Dolores Nov. 2d, had marched to Reme- dios, 8 1. N .; 4th, to Cocóspera, 6 1. N., where was P. Contreras; 5th, to S. Lázaro, 6 l. N. on another stream, which rises near Suamca and makes a great circle (the Sta Cruz, see map); thence eastward up the river to Sta María (Suamca), 6 1 .; 6th, over plains and rolling hills to S. Joaquin Baso- suma, 14 1. N .; 7th, the Sta Cruz de Gaibanipitea, 6 1. E., on a hill on west bank of a river which rises in the plains of Terrenate (that is, the S. Pedro; there are ruins known as Sta Cruz a few miles w. of Tombstone on the river). Here they were received in a house of adobes and beams built for the padre. Here they joined Martin, and went 1 1. N. to Quiburi on the 9th, being enter- tained by Coro and his warriors, who were dancing round Apache scalps. (There is a slight difference between the two diaries as to date and place of meeting. Later I use both diaries together.)

Nov. 11th, from Quiburi down the river to Alamos, 101. N .; 12th, to Baica- deat, 13 1., passing some abandoned rancherías; 13th, past the farthest point ever reached by Spaniards-a narrow pass which had been visited by Capt. Fran. Ramirez-to Causac, 21., and Jiaspi, or Rosario, 21. (Bernal says the day's journey was 31.); 14th, past Muiva and other rancherías to Aribaiba, or Aribabia, 6 or 71 .; 15th, past Zutoida and Comarsuta to the last rancheria of the river called Ojio or Victoria, 9 or 11 1. N. Two others, Busac and Tubo, were on a creek flowing into the river (perhaps the Arivaipa, though said to flow east). The valley is described as pleasant and fertile, with irrigating ditches and its rancherias-with 390 houses and 1,850 inhabitants counted- prosperous though much harassed by the Jocomes and Apaches of the east. 16th, to the Gila junction, 61., and 2 or 31. down the Gila to a place named Mange.

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History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII, Part 38

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Oak, Henry Lebbeus, 1844-1905 Publication date: 1889 Publisher: San Francisco : The History Company Number of Pages: 890

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Oak, Henry Lebbeus, 1844-1905
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: San Francisco : The History Company
Number of Pages: 890