History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII, Part 47

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Oak, Henry Lebbeus, 1844-1905
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: San Francisco : The History Company
Number of Pages: 890

USA > Arizona > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 47
USA > New Mexico > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 47

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

While Indians from some of the pueblos were aid- ing the insurgent Mexicans in their guerilla warfare

32 Corresp. in N. Mex. and Cal., Mess., July 24, 1848, p. 26-34. Prince states that 15 were executed in all, 8 Mexicans and 7 Indians.

437

INDIAN HOSTILITIES.

against the Americans, with aid from various bands of Apaches and others, the tribes of the plains-the Comanches, Pawnees, and Arapahoes, incited and aided, as the Americans believed, by Mexicans-be- came troublesome from April to August on the Santa Fé trail. Hardly a party, large or small, traders or soldiers, crossed the plains without suffering from their depredations. Many were killed, and large numbers of horses, mules, and oxen were lost. Lieutenant Love, with a company of dragoons escorting govern- ment funds, had five of his men killed, and lost his animals in June. Later in the year comparative se- curity was restored by the stationing of troops at dif- ferent points; and then the Indians, in their turn, were made the objects of outrage, as when a party of Pawnees were treacherously massacred at Fort Mann. In the west and north-west the Navajos had paid no heed to their treaty with Doniphan, but continued their raids for plunder on the settlements of the Rio Grande. 33

33 On Indian troubles, which I make no attempt to present in detail, see Cutts' Conquest, 234-5, 240-3; Hughes' Doniphan's Exped., 403-5; Niles' Rey., lxxii .- iii .; passim; Honolulu Polynesian, iv. 89; Arco Iris, July 5, 1847; Ind. Aff. Rept, 1858, p. 188. Gov. Bent had been ex-officio superintendent of Ind. affairs; and his report on the various tribes and means to keep them in subjection, dated Nov. 10, 1846, is given in Cal. and N. Mex., Mess. and Doc., 1850, pp. 191 et seq. He estimates their number as 36,950, but this includes tribes whose range extended far beyond N. Mex. proper.

Some additional references for the U. S. occupation, and the revolt in 1876-7, are as follows: Patton's Hist. U. S., 738-41; S. F. Californian, May 29, 1847; Frost's Mex. War, 217, 219, 285-90; Taos Co. Herald, Aug. 22, 1884; Honolulu Polynesian, iv. 43; Mayer's Mex. Aztec, i. 343, 353; Frost's Ind. Wars, 291-3; Young's Hist. Mex., 287, 436-40; Arny's Centen. Oration, 24-7; Spaniards in N. Mex., MS., 13; Bancroft's New Mex., Miscel., MS., 16; S. F. Cul. Star, Apr. 24, May 22, 29, Oct. 9, 16, 1847; Harper's Mag., July 1880, p. 191-2; Murray's Pict. Hist. U. S., 474-5; Oswald, Californien, 82; Amer. Quar. Reg., i. 14; Harrison's Battlefields, 435-7, 446-8; Sta Fe Centen., 24-6; Lossing's Hist. U. S., 486-7; Watts' Sta Fé Affairs, MS., 11-14; Peter- son's Mil. Heroes, ii. 66-73.

CHAPTER XVIII.

MILITARY RULE IN NEW MEXICO.

1847-1850.

A BAD STATE OF AFFAIRS-VOLUNTEERS OLD AND NEW-REGULAR TROOPS- CIVIL GOVERNMENT- TREATY OF 1848-GOVERNORS VIGIL, WASHINGTON, AND MONROE-PETITION TO CONGRESS-SALARIES TERRITORIAL CON- VENTION OF 1849-STATE CONVENTION OF 1850-STATE AUTHORITIES NOT RECOGNIZED BY THE MILITARY GOVERNOR-CONFLICTING THEO- RIES-DEBATES IN CONGRESS-TEXAN BOUNDARY-NEW MEXICO MADE A TERRITORY-INDIAN AFFAIRS-CALHOUN AS AGENT-RAIDS OF SAV- AGES-WASHINOTON'S NAVAJO CAMPAION AND TREATY-EXPLORATIONS --- WISLIZENUS, EMORY, JONHSTON, COOKE, ABERT, FREMONT, SIMPSON -- THE BOUNDARY SURVEY OF 1850-1-THE LINE AS SURVEYED-MAP- MEXICAN CITIZENS UNDER THE TREATY.

AT Santa Fé and in the settlements generally for six months after the revolt, the state of affairs was far from satisfactory, worse in every respect than before. For a time, indeed, a greater degree of vigi- lance and discipline was observed; but the former, with its accompaniments of severe punishments, habit- ual distrust, and oppressive regulations, rapidly de- stroyed the confidence and friendliness before shown by large portions of the native population; while the latter soon became relaxed, and the soldiers more turbulent and unmanageable than ever. The New Mexicans were regarded as at heart deadly foes, and were treated accordingly. Sickness continued its ravages; supplies were still obtained with difficulty; the Indians constantly attacked the caravans on the plains; Navajo raids on the settlements never ceased, there being some reason to believe that they were not discouraged by the Americans so long as directed

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439

A BAD STATE OF THINGS.

against the natives; and the situation was still further complicated by disagreements between military and civil authorities, and by serious dissensions among mili- tary officers, there being mnuch dissatisfaction with Colonel Price's management.1

The volunteers' terms of enlistment expired at different dates from June to August, causing fears that the country would be left without sufficient protection against a new revolt. At the same time, however, a new volunteer force was organized in Missouri for this service. On the 6th of August a company of the 1st Dragoons, Lieutenant Love, reached Santa Fé with $350,000 of government funds. On the 17th Colonel Price, leaving besides the three dragoon companies a battalion of reënlisted volunteers under Lieutenant-colonel Willock, started with his men for

1 It is fair to state that there was a strong political element, and therefore presumably more than one side in the Price controversy. 'The soldiery have degenerated into a military mob, are the most open violators of law and order, and daily heap insult and injury upon the people.' No protection against Indians as promised by Kearny. 'One half the captains do not know the number of their men nor where they are to be found; and they themselves are to be seen nightly in fandangos and even less reputable places of dissipa- tion. The soldiers are never drilled or mustered; all is insubordination, mis- rule, and confusion. About one fifth of the whole command have died from the effects of dissipation ... The want of ability and military knowledge in the commander, added to his inability to control his officers or soldiers, can only produce the strongest feelings of disgust and hatred, and desire to rebel among the native inhabitants ... It is certain that if such a state of things were to be found in any of the territories of the U. S., neither the civil nor military govt would exist for a week.' Letter in Niles' Reg., Ixxii. 252. Since the suppression of the revolt, 'I regret to say, nearly the whole terri- tory has been the scene of violence, outrage, and oppression by the volunteer soldiery against all alike ... The civil authorities find themselves utterly powerless. .. The mil. authorities are incapable of controlling this lawless soldiery or are entirely indifferent.' By the Navajos over '50 citizens have been killed or carried into captivity, and more than 60,000 head of horses, mules, and sheep carried off from the Rio Abajo.' The Amer. therefore ap- pear to the N. Mex. as practically allies of their savage foes. Id., lxxiii. 155. 'All is hubbub and confusion here; discharged volunteers leaving, drunk; and volunteers not discharged remaining, drunk.' Another letter in Id. New Mex. under neither U. S. nor Mex. laws; 'los caprichos, los rencores, y el aguardiente estan posesionados del gobierno civil y militar.' Sonorense, Nov. 12, 1847, from El Faro of Oct. 26th. Hughes, Doniplan's Exped., 399-400, tells us that the Mex. could no longer carry arms or ride about the country with impunity. The soldiers 'scarcely spared the innocent and unoffending,' though there were no acts of violence (!) and a ' suspicious quietude ' prevailed. June 26th the sec. of war writing to Price alludes unofficially to rumors of lax discipline, which of course are not believed; still it would be well for P. to 'brace up ' somewhat and be very careful. N. Nex. and Cal., Mess., July 24, 1848, p. 34.

440

MILITARY RULE IN NEW MEXICO.

the states, meeting on the way various bodies of the new troops. These included two regiments of volun- teers, one of infantry under colonels Newby and Boyakin, the other of cavalry under Ralls and Jones; also an infantry battalion under Lieutenant-colonel Easton, and later another battalion of cavalry and artillery under Lieutenant-colonel Gilpin, known as the Indian Battalion, and at first stationed on the plains to keep hostile tribes in order. There is nothing of importance recorded respecting military affairs at Santa Fé after August; but in December Price came back as a brigadier-general to resume the command. The force was now nearly 3,000 men, with a part of which the general marched south, and in March 1848 fought the last battle of the war at Santa Cruz de Rosales near Chihuahua.2 On their return north and the announcement of peace, the volunteers, except two companies, went home to the states, starting in August or September. At the same time the force of regulars was slightly increased by reinforcements from Chihuahua. In 1849 the force was still further increased till it numbered 885 men, including a garri- son at El Paso. Four companies of volunteers were also called into service in March 1849; and a com- pany of Mexicans and pueblo Indians served in a Navajo compaign. During Price's absence the military command had been held by Colonel E. W. B. Newby in 1847, and by Major Benjamin L. Beall in 1848. Major John M. Washington assumed the command in September of that year, and in Octo- ber 1849 was succeeded by Lieutenant-colonel John Monroe.3

2 On military movements and distribution of troops, see N. Nex. and Cal., Mess., July 24, 1848, p. 28; Niles' Register, Ixxii. 375; lxxiii. 76-7, 155, 246, 256, 305; Hughes' Doniphan's Exped., 398, 405-7; Cutts' Conq., 240; Brackett's U. S. Cavalry, 122; and especially, on the Chihuahua campaign and Maj. Gilpin's operations against the Indians, U. S. Govt Doc., 30th cong. 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 1, p. 113-51.

3 We have but few details of military matters in 1848-9, except certain Ind. campaigns and explorations to be noted later. One comp. of horse artill. and one of 2d dragoons came with Washington from Chih. in Sept. 1848. Co. C Ist dragoons, Lieut. Whittlesey, was stationed at Taos in Oct. In

441

THEORIES OF GOVERNMENT.

We have seen that the government at Washington, while not ostensibly recognizing General Kearny's acts so far as they made New Mexico a territory- and its people citizens-of the United States, did recognize his right to establish a temporary civil gov- ernment for the management of territorial affairs. Charles Bent as governor, and other officials as already named, were appointed in September 1846, the native prefects, alcaldes, and other local authorities being for the most part continued in office on taking the oath of allegiance. During the last months of 1846 very little for good or bad was done by the new civil authorities; and after the revolt their powers were still further subordinated to those of the military, a state of things causing many complaints on the part of the people. On the death of Governor Bent in January 1847, Secretary Vigil became acting gover- nor. He desired the appointment of a successor, recommending Céran St Vrain, but the authorities at Washington disclaimed all powers in the matter, and in December Vigil himself was appointed governor by General Price. In the same month a legislative assembly met at Santa Fé, accomplishing and at- tempting nothing of importance, so far as can be

Nov. the force was 3 comp. Ist dragoons, 1 comp. 2d dragoons, and 1 battery 3d artillery. In 1849, 4 comp. 3d inf., and 2 comp. 2d artill., arrived in June; 1 comp. 2.1 dragoons came from Ft Leavenworth July 11th; 2 comp. of the same left Cal. to relieve the 1st dragoons; 4 comp. 3d infantry and 2 comp. 2d artill., Lieut .- col Alexander, came from Ft Leavenworth July 23d; and 6 comp. 3d inf., Maj. Van Horn, arrived at El Paso Sept. Sth. Thus in Nov. 1849, there was a force of 885 men stationed at 7 posts, as follows: Sta Fé 1 comp. 2d artill .; Taos 1 comp. 2d drag .; Alburquerque, ditto; Doña Ana, ditto; Socorro part of 1 comp., ditto; El Paso, 6 comp. 3d inf .; for posts to be established 1 comp. 2d artill., and 4. comp. 3d inf. N. Mexico formed the 9th military department. Adj .- gen.'s reports, etc., in U. S. Govt Doc., 30th cong. 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. i., 161-2, 165, 225; Id., 31st cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 1, pt i., p. 182, 184; Id., 31st cong. 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 1, pt ii., p. 291-301; also Maj. W.'s reports 1848-9, in Id., 31st cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 5, p. 104-16. Oct. 13, 1848, sec. war to Maj. Washington, presumes the volunteers will have departed; cannot send more regulars before June 1849. Id., 31st cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 17, p. 263. The payment of volunteers' claims for services against Ind., etc., in N. Mex. in '48 et seq., was still before congress in '60-3. Id., 36th cong. Ist sess., H. Com. no. 537; 37ch cong. 3d sess., H. Com. no. 52; also in 1870-1. Cong. Globe, 1870-1, p. 633; and in '74, 43d cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 272. See also military items in Niles' Reg., Ixxiv .- v., passim.

442

MILITARY RULE IN NEW MEXICO

known.4 Vigil's rule seems to have continued nomi- nally until October 11, 1848. A newspaper, the Santa Fé Republican, was published from the 4th of Sep- tember.

By the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, finally ratified on May 30, 1848, and proclaimed at Santa Fé in August, New Mexico became part of United States territory, the boundary on the south being the Rio Grande, the Upper Gila, and a line-of which more will be said later-uniting these rivers just above the latitude of El Paso. The people were given a choice of citizenship between the two republics, and pending a decision were assured of full protection for their per- sons, property, and religious faith. News of the treaty produced practically no immediate changes in the ter- ritory, except the departure of the volunteer troops. In the matter of civil government, the new status of the country involved some perplexing questions, which seem, however, not to have greatly troubled the New Mexican mind at first. The military régime was properly at an end, and the civil government organ- ized as a temporary phase of the military occupation, strictly speaking, ended with it; but the position assumed by the administration at Washington, and carried out by the military commanders, was that "the termination of the war left an existing govern-

" Ritch, Legislative Blue-book of the Territory of N. Mexico, Sta Fé, 1887-an excellent compendium of official annals-gives on p. 98-9 the members of the assembly which met on Dec. 6th, and an extract on educational matters from Gov. Vigil's message. Of the council Antonio Sandoval was president, Henry Henrie, clerk, and James Hubble, doorkeeper. Members, central district, José Frau. Vaca, J. A. Sandoval, Juan Tullis; northern district, Nicolás Lucero, Pascual Martinez; southern district, Ant. Sandoval, Juan Otero; house-speaker, Wm Z. Angney; clerk, James Giddings; doorkeeper, E. J. Vaughan; members, Sta Fe county, Manuel Alvarez, Angney, Ant. M. Ortiz; Sta Ana co., Tomás Vaca, Jesus Sandoval; S. Miguel co., Miguel Sanchez, Ant. Sais, Levi J. Keithlay; Rio Arriba co., José R. Vigil, José Ant. Manzanares, Mariano Lucero; Taos co., José Martin, Geo. Gold, Ant. José Ortiz; Bernalillo co., Juan Perea, Rafael Armijo; Valencia co., Wm Skinner, Juan Cruz Vaca, Juan C. Chavez, Rafael Luna, Juan Sanchez. Ac- cording to Id., Chron. Annals, 19, Gov. Vigil's appointment was on Dec. 17th, and P. José Ant. Martinez headed a petition for U. S. citizenship. According to Niles' Reg., Ixxiii. 305, a bill was passed to authorize the elec- tion of delegates to consider annexation to the U. S. In the Sta Fé New Mexican, Aug. 28, 1877, is a synopsis of Gov. V.'s message,

443

TERRITORIAL CONVENTION.

ment, a government de facto, in full operation; and this will continue, with the presumed consent of the people, until congress shall provide for them a ter- ritorial government." Accordingly, Governor Vigil ruled for a few months, and after him the command- ants Washington and Monroe, there being no attempt to appoint a purely civil successor to Vigil. The state of things was like that in California, in the his- tory of which country the reader will find some addi- tional matter on the general subject.5 This solution of the difficulty was, perhaps, as satisfactory as any that could have been devised; and the New Mexicans did well in following the advice of the president "to live peaceably and quietly under the existing govern- ment" for a "few months," until congress should attend to their civil needs. Senator Benton, how- ever, took it upon himself to give contrary advice.6 Declaring all that had been done by the military authorities to be null and void, he counselled the people "to meet in convention-provide for a cheap and simple government-and take care of yourselves until congress can provide for you." And they did hold a convention at the call of Governor Vigil on October 10th; which body, however, contented itself with sending a memorial, or petition, to congress, asking for the "speedy organization by law of a ter- ritorial civil government;" and at the same time protesting against dismemberment in favor of Texas, and against the introduction of slavery.7

5 See Hist. Cal., v., chap. xxii., this series. In Cal., however, the treaty found the military governor already in possession of the civil power. I have found no definite orders or reasons assigned for not having continued Vigil in power, or appointed a successor; but I suppose there were orders similar to those sent to Kearny and Mason in Cal., but of later date.

6 Benton's letter of Aug. 28, 1848, to people of Cal. and N. Mex., in Niles' Reg., Ixxiv. 244-5.

7 Record of the convention in Ritch's Blue-book, 99-100. Ant. José Marti- nez was pres., J. M. Giddings clerk, Henry IIenrie interpreter, and Thos White doorkeeper. Ex-gov. Fran. Sarracino, Gov. Vigil, J. H. Quinn. and Juan Perea were appointed as a committee to prepare a memorial, which was signed Oct. 14th, by A. J. Martinez, Elias P. White, Juan Perea, Ant. Sais, Santiago Archuleta, James H. Quinn, Manuel A. Otero, Don. Vigil, Fran. Sarracino, Gregorio Vigil, Ramon Luna, Chas Beaubien, and José Pley. The mem. was sent to Benton and John M. Clayton, with a request to repre-

444

MILITARY RULE IN NEW MEXICO.

The expenses of the civil government were partly paid during the military régime by the duties on iin- ports; and after February 1848, General Price or- dered a duty of six per cent to be still collected on imports from the United States. The citizens and traders held meetings in August to protest against such illegal exaction on goods introduced from one part of the United States to another. Price declined to modify the order, which he regarded as a measure of absolute necessity, the only source of revenue; but the government at Washington sustained the people, and in October ordered the refunding of all duties col- lected since the 30th of May. Consequently, salaries and other expenses went for the most part unpaid, and in 1851, when the old régime came to an end, there was a debt of $31,562.8

sent the territorial interests at Washington. It was received in the senate Dec. 13th, evoking a little storm of comment, especially froin southern men who were astounded at the 'insolence ' of the N. Mexican claim. Niles' Reg., Ixxiv. 407. Nov. 8th, Maj. Washington to sec. of war, mentioning the conven- tion, stating that the Kearny code was still in force, and representing the im- portance of fixing a permanent system as soon as possible. U. S. Govt Doc., 31st cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 5, p. 104. Davis' version, El Gringo, 109, is as follows: 'In the fall of 1848, Wm Z. Angney, a lawyer of very consid- erable talent, and late a captain in the army, ... returned from Missouri full of the idea set forth in Mr Benton's letter, and endeavored to induce the people of N Mex. to follow the course he recommended. Col Washington, ... finding that an excitement was growing up on the subject, issued a proc- lamation, dated the 23d of Nov., 1848, commanding the inhabitants to abstain from "participating in or being movers of seditious meetings;" after which public meetings ceased for a time, and all things went on quietly. In Dec. of the same year' (the dates must be wrong) 'a convention ... assembled in Sta Fé, and memorialized congress for a territorial govt, but none was granted during that session .... N. Mex. not having a repres. in Wash .... the people resolved to send an agent there. A movement to this effect was put on foot in May 1849, which resulted in Hugh N. Smith being sent, ... his expenses being borne by an association of private individuals. This begat an opposi- tion on the part of certain gentlemen who coveted the position for one of their own number, .. . mainly Maj. Weightman and Mr Angney, who stirred up the public mind, and held several meetings at Sta Fe.' Then followed Beall's proclamation, and the convention which elected Smith as a delegate, as narrated a little later in my text.

8 Meetings, etc., at Sta Fé. Niles' Reg., Ixxiv. 259-60, from St Louis Repub- lican and Sta Fé Republican. Order of sec. war, Oct. 12th, in Cal and N. Mex., Mess., 1850, p. 261. In his message of July 24th, the president said the civil govt had been supported out of military exactions and contributions from.the enemy. 'No part of the expense has been paid out of the treasury of the U. S.' Gov. Washington on Nov. 8th wrote that there would be no govt funds unless Price's order was enforced. A report of the sec. war, May 5, 1852, is devoted to the matter of civil expenses and the debt. U. S. Govt Doc., 32d cong. Ist sess., Sen. Ex. Doc. 71. It contains several communications

445

CONVENTION OF 1849.

In September 1849 another convention assembled at Santa Fé, consisting of nineteen delegates elected by the people under a proclamation issued by Lieu- tenant-colonel Beall, acting as governor in Major Washington's absence. This body proceeded to elect Hugh N. Smith as a delegate to congress, to adopt a plan, or basis, for the territorial government, the es- tablishment of which he was to urge at Washington, and to prepare a series of instructions for his guid- ance. A notable feature of these documents, as dis- tinguished from the petition of 1848, was the absence of protests against slavery and Texan encroachments. The territory was simply to be bounded on the east by Texas.9 Governor Washington, it appears, de-

on the subject, including a tabular statement extending from Sept. 22, 1846, to March 31, 1850. The amount already paid to Dec. 22, 1850, was $12,098; amount due $26,504, or with estimate to March 22, 1851, $81,562. The official list seems worth preserving, and is as follows: Gov .- salary $2,000-Charles Bent from Sept. 22, '46, Donaciano Vigil from Jan. 19, '47, J. M. Washington from Oct. 11, '47, John Monroe from Oct. 23, '49; judges of supreme court - salary $1,500-Joab Hougliton, Ant. J. Otero, and Charles Beaubien from Sept. 22, '46; secretary-salary $1,200-Donaciano Vigil from Sept. 22, '46; auditor-salary $250-Eugene Leitensdorfer from Sept. 22, '46; Joseph Naugle from June 1, '49, Richard Owens from July 20, '50; treasurer-$250-Chas Blumner fr. Sept. 22, '46; attorney-general-$250-Hugh N. Smith fr. Oct. 1, '46, Murray F. Tuley fr. June 25, '49, Merrill Ashurst fr. Oct. 2, '50; at- torney of southern dist .- $125-James H. Quinn fr. Oct. 19, '46, Elias P. West fr. Aug. 21, '49, M. F. Tuley fr. Nov. 29, '49, M. Ashurst fr. Oct. 2, '50; attorney of north dist .- $125-James W. Leal fr. Dec. 10, '46, Theo. D. Wheaton fr. Mar. 29, '47; U. S. attorney-$500-F. P. Blair and R. Dal- lam fr. Sept. 22, '46, to June 22, '47; prefects-$200-Sta Fé, Lucien F. Thurston fr. Aug. 18, '46, Fran. Ortiz fr. Feb. 18, '48; Sta Ana, Fran. Sando- val fr. Dec. 1, 46, Miguel Montoya fr. Sept. 22, '48; S. Miguel, Manuel A. Vaca fr. Dec. 1, '46, Herman Grolman fr. Sept. 22, '48; Rio Arriba, Salvador Lucero fr. Dec. 1, '46, José P. Gallegos fr. Sept. 2, '48; P. José A. Manza- nares fr. Apr. 29, '49. Salv. Lucero fr. Aug. 12, '50; Taos, Cornelio Vigil fr. Dec. 1, '46, Vicente Martin fr. Feb. 10, '47, José M. Valdés fr. Sept. 22, '48, S. H. Quinn fr. Apr. 10, '49, Robt Carey fr. June 19, '49, J. M. Valdés fr. Feb. 15, '50; Valencia, José M. Sanchez fr. Jul. 16, '47, James L. Hubbell fr. Sept. 22, '48, Manuel A. Otero fr. June 15, '49, Ramon Luna fr. Apr. 15, '50; Bernalillo, Fran. Sarracino fr. Sept. 22, '46. The terms end Dec. 22, '50. The salaries are as fixed by the Kearny code.

9 New Mexico, Journal of the convention of the Territory, 1849, in U. S. Gout Doc., 31st cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 17, p. 93-104. Rather strangely Mr Ritch does not mention this convention at all. Ritch's Legis. Blue-book, 100. The meetings were held Sept. 24-26th. The members were, from Bernalillo co., Manuel Armijo, Ambrosio Armijo, Rio Arriba, Jos. Naugle, Salv. Lucero; S. Miguel, Greg. Vigil, Manuel A. Vaca; Sta Ana, Miguel Montoya, Fran. T. Vaca; Sta Fé, Manuel Alvarez, E. V. Deroin, W. Z. Angney; Taos, Ceran St Vrain, Ant. J. Martin, Ant. Leroux; Valencia, Juan J. Sanchez, Wm C. Skinner, Mariano Silva, Ant. J. Otero, Manuel A. Otero. The president was the cura, Ant. José Martinez, sec. J. H. Quinn,

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History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII, Part 47

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Oak, Henry Lebbeus, 1844-1905 Publication date: 1889 Publisher: San Francisco : The History Company Number of Pages: 890

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 1832-1918; Oak, Henry Lebbeus, 1844-1905
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: San Francisco : The History Company
Number of Pages: 890