USA > Arizona > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 77
USA > New Mexico > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 77
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rior. The financial condition of '81 as given by Ritch, Blue-Book, 87, seems less satisfactory than is indicated by the other reports, since, while it shows a surplus of $13,415, besides delinquent taxes to the amount of $96,881, it also mentions militia warrants outstanding to the amount of $527,170, which I suppose had not been paid in 1884. In 1871 territorial bonds were selling for 40 cents. County finances were not in so satisfactory a condition gen- erally as those of the territory. The U. S. Census Report of 1870 gives the debt as $7,560.
12 U. S. Census Reports; governor's reports; Ritch's Blue-Book; auditor's reports; differing widely in their figures in most years. The gov. in '84 notes an increase of $16,000,000 in three years, also stating that $4,000,000 of R. R. property would become taxable in '86, and $10,000,000 in 5 years. Taxes amounted to 29 m. in '60, 61 m. in '70, 91 m. in '80, and 126 m. in '83. See also Porter's West. Census '80, p. 454; N. Mex., Business Directory, 1882, p. 227. Internal revenue taxes seem to have been $34,380 in 1871-2 and $44,021 in 1881-2.
13 See résumé of legislative acts for various revenue acts. The act of 1869- 70 was long and elaborate, imposing a tax of 20 cents on the $100 for territory, and 5 cents for counties; exempting property to value of $500, and $100 for provisions for family for one year, and certain implements, live-stock, etc. In 1871-2 licenses were abolished for many kinds of business; all property was to pay one per cent; and the poll tax was fixed at one dollar. A law exempting debts on real estate was declared by the gov. in 1873 to work badly. In 1873-4 and 1875-6 the revenue law was also amended; and the revenne system was defined in 1882. N. Mex., Revenue Law. Sta Fé, 1882, Svo, 33 p .; N. Mex., Business Directory, 1882, p. 198-204. In '83 the gov. states the tax to be 1 per cent, } for territory, { for counties, { for schools, besides poll tax and small licenses on a few trades. Rept to Sec. Interior. The office of co. treasurer was created in '69, and that of co. assessor in '84.
719
CLAIMS AND CODE.
claims; and the subject came up at nearly every ses- sion of congress after as well as before 1864; but I cannot learn that any of the demands were ever paid.14
A "Revised Code of New Mexico" had been pre- pared in 1856, but not published, so far as I know. In 1862 the governor, authorized by an act of 1859, appointed Kirby Benedict, C. P. Clever, and Facundo Pino as commissioners to codify the laws; but their work was delayed by Pino's death and other causes. In 1864 the legislature authorized the secretary to appoint a commission, and Justice Houghton and four others were appointed; but Governor Connelly vetoed the act, and apparently filled the old board or appointed a new one, since the result was published in 1865.15 A new revision was urged by governor and legislature in 1871-2 and again in 1875-6, an act of the latter year authorizing the appointment of five commissioners; but nothing was accomplished, apparently In 1880 a similar act was passed, and a joint resolution rejoiced in the early completion of Judge Prince's compilation, at the same time asking for funds for its publication ;
14 On the claims, see, 1854, U. S. Govt Doc., 33d cong. 2d sess., H. Rept 38; 1855, Id., H. Jour. 323, Sen. Jour. 208; N. Mex., Laws, 1854-5, p. 113-19; gov.'s rept to sec. int., 1858, 35th cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 123; H. Jour. 235, 314, 1199; H. Mis. Doc. 38; 1859-60, H. Rept 122, 537; Sen. Mis. 45; 1862, 37th cong. 3d sess., H. Rept 52; 1866-7, laws and memorials; mes- sage of gov., Ind. Aff. Rept, 1866, p. 136, the amount of Ind. depred. being $1,377,329; 1869-71, mem. of the legisl .; bill tabled in cong. Globe, 1870-1, p. 633; mess. of gov., 1871 (the war claim of $100-$200,000 is said to have been fraudulently magnified to $800,000; a commission recommended); 1871-2, Laws, p. 72-4; 1873-4, 43d cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 272; bills referred in cong .; unfavorable rept of sec. war; 1874-5, 43d cong. 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 65; H. Rept 333, incl. tabular statement of Ind. depred., and a favorable report on war claims; 1875-6, mem. of legisl. for payment of a special claim for horses sent by Gen. Canby from Ft Craig to Bosque Redondo and captured by Texans in '62, 45th cong. 2d sess., Sen. Rept 495; 44th cong. Ist sess., H. Mis. Doc. 88; 1876-7, bill for Ind. depred., tabled; 1877-8, bill for relief of mounted volunteers passed the senate; 1879, claims of N. Mex. volunteers to be presented to court of claims; 1880, nothing yet paid. Mess. of gov.
13 Revised Statutes of the Territory of New Mexico, in force at the close of the session of the Legislative Assembly ending February 2, 1865. Published by au- thority. St Louis, 1865, Svo, 856 p. English and Spanish text on alternate pages. The commissioners are not named, but the secretary certifies that the work was done by a commission appointed by the gov., and that the work was approved by the legisl. act of Jan. 24, 1865. Gov. C.'s veto message of the earlier act is in N. Mex., Journal, 1863-4, p. 196.
720
CHRONOLOGIC AND OFFICIAL.
but we hear no more of this work.16 Finally, under an act of 1884, a new compilation was published in 1885.17
From 1861 there were frequent efforts to secure the admission of the territory of New Mexico into the union as a state; and in 1872 a constitution was formed by a convention formed for that purpose. The population was sufficient, much larger than that of some other states at the time of their admission, but the prospective politics of the new state was gen- erally not encouraging to the administration or the
16 Ritch's Legislative. Blue-Book of 1882 contains a most useful compilation of fundamental law, rules, etc.
17 Compiled Laws of New Mexico. In accordance with an act of the legislature, approved April 3, 1884. Including the constitution of the United States, the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Gadsden treaty, the original act organizing the territory, the organic acts as now in force, the original Kearny code, and a list of laws enacted since the compilation of 1865. Edward L. Bartlett, Charles W. Greene, Santiago Valdez, commission; Ireneo L. Chaves, secretary. Stu. Fé, 1885, 8vo, 1706 p. Same title in Spanish, with English and Spanish text on alter- nate pages.
The justices of the supreme court have been named in the official list. The legislature often asked for an increased number of judges, and for in- creased pay. The salary was fixed at $3,000 by act of congress in 1870. In 1869 there was a memorial asking for the removal of Judge Houghton and the appointment of John Bail in his place. Non-residence, neglect of duties, engaging in private practice of law, partisanship for Andrew Johnson, and illegal decisions were the alleged grounds for removal. There was occasional trouble about the apportionment of justices, efforts being made to change the judges from one district to another on account of local interests or prejudices. In 1872 an effort was made to send the chief justice to a remote district and an associate to Sta Fé; but the act was vetoed by the gov. R. H. Tompkins was recommended for chief justice by the legislature of 1878. A volume of reports was published in 1881, Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court of the Territory of New Mexico, from January term, 1852, to January term, 1879, inclusive. Reported by Charles II. Gildersleeve, Counsellor at Law. San Francisco, 1881, 8vo, xii., 879 p. I think a 2d volume has since been published. This Ist vol. contains a list of the judges, and also of the attorneys practising in the court, as follows: Sam. T. Allen, Merrill Ashurst, John D. Bail, Spruce M. Baird, Sidney M. Barnes, Marshall A. Breeden, Thos B. Catron, Edgar Caypless, J. F. Chavez, W. B. Childers, Frank W. Clancy, Thos F. Conway, W. W. H. Davis, Francis Downs, Edmund F. Dunne, Eugene A. Fiske, Jos. E. Gary, C. H. Gildersleeve, John M. Ginn, Jesse C. Goodwin, Wm C. Graves, Wm C. Hasledine, Joab Houghton, Abram G. Hoyt, Sidney A. Hubbell, Henry C. Johnson, John H. Knaebel, Geo. Lemon, Ira E. Leonard, Chas C. McComas, Melvin W. Mills, S. B. New- comb, Palmer J. Pillians, G. G. Posey, Ed. S. Price, Geo. W. Prichard, Jas H. Quinn, Jas R. Reynolds, John P. Risque, Wm G. Ritch, Wm L. Ryner- son, José D. Sena, Jas M. Shaw, Wm C. Skinner, Andrew Sloan, Hugh N. Smith, Frank Springer, Benj. Stevens, Louis Sulsbacher, Wm C. Terrill, Wm T. Thornton, R. H. Tomkins, L. S. Trimble, Murray F. Tuley, Hanson Wait- man, Henry L. Waldo, Milton J. Warner, W. W. Watson, Elias P. West, Theodore D. Wheaton.
721
STATE OF NEW MEXICO.
dominant party in congress; and moreover, there was a valid objection to the character of the native inhabi- tants, whose language was foreign, and who had but slight knowledge respecting the principles of Ameri- can government. The subject was somewhat compli- cated with Indian affairs and frontier controversies ; and it was feared that the admission of such a people might establish a bad precedent for the future if new territory should ever be acquired on the south. Therefore, New Mexico's legitimate ambition for statehood has not been gratified. But the matter is still agitated, and it is not unlikely that, under new political exigencies and the aims of a democratic ad- ministration, the desire of the people may be gratified at no very distant day. For a time it was proposed to call the new state Lincoln. I append a few details.18
18 Efforts of 1861. U. S. Govt Doc., 36th cong. 2d sess., Sen. Mis. Doc. 11; H. Journal 534, 560; Hayes' Scraps, Angeles, vi. 100. 1863, Sen. Journal 260, 293, 37th cong. 3d sess .; S. F. Bulletin, May 28, '63. 1866, act of legisl. authorizing gov. to call a convention, to be elected Ist Mond. iu March, to meet at Sta Fé 5th Mond. in April, and the constit. to be voted on 4th Mond. in June. Laws, 1865-6; H. Mis. Doc. 57, 39th cong. Ist sess., with proclama- tion. 1869-71, efforts to secure admission as state of Lincoln. Laws, 1869-70, p. 190-5, append. 4; Id., 1871-2, p. 54-6; bills in congress referred and re- ported. U. S. Acts, 41st cong. 2d and 3d sess .; Cong. Globe, 1869-71, as per index, including a speech by Delegate Chavez in favor of the measure, in the Globe of 1870-1, app. 244; Sen. Journal, 41st cong. 3d sess., 500; Id., 42d cong. Ist sess. 203, H. Jour. 237. Meanwhile, a convention was held at Sta Fé, and a constitution formed. N. Mex., Constitution of the State of. Sta Fé, 1872, 12mo, 47 p. This was approved by the gov. Feb. Ist, and an act of the legisl. ordered an election for Ist Mond. in June, state officers to be elected, if the constit. was adopted, on Ist Mond. in Sept. See also N. Mex., Journal, 1871-2, appendix. But the vote was not received in time to be legally counted before the period expired, and the movement came to naught. N. Mex., Mess. of gov., 1873, p. 17-18. The house bill on state of Lincoln was tabled in the senate, Cong. Globe, 1871-2, p. 2950; and presently a bill to extend the time of voting was referred in the house. In the legisl. session of 1873-4 a new memorial was sent, and in congress a bill was passed by the house, but re- ferred by the senate. Cong. Globe, 1873 4; H. Rept 561, 43d cong. Ist sess. There were many newspaper articles on the subject in 1874, the Mesilla News, as quoted by the S. Diego Union, Jan. 22d, opposing the movement. See also S. F. Examiner, June 4th; S. F. Alta, June 5th; S. F. Call, April 9th; Sac. Union, June 6th; N. Mex., Scraps, 18. In 1875 the house bill was passed by the sen. with amendments, a new resolution being received from the legisl. 44th cong. Ist sess., Sen. Rept 69; H. Mis. Doc. 63. In 1876 there was an- other memorial and another bill, which passed the senate after much discus- sion, but did not go beyond reference to a com. in the house. 43d cong. Ist sess., H. Mis. Doc. 190; Globe, 1875-6, per index; 43d cong. 2d sess., H. Jour. 577, 645; 44th cong. Ist sess., H. Rept 503. The report of the com. was favorable, but I find no record of later agitation, except a few newspaper articles of 1885. See S. F. Bulletin, July 16, 1885.
HIST. ARIZ. AND N. MEX. 46
722
CHRONOLOGIC AND OFFICIAL.
The geologic and geographic surveys of the western United States territories, executed under the charge of Professor Hayden and Captain Wheeler in 1869- 78, included a considerable portion of New Mexico, the reports and maps containing a vast amount of valuable information, which cannot be even summa- rized here.19 The southern boundary having been fixed by the national or treaty survey, the northern, eastern, and western lines were successively surveyed under appropriations of congress made in 1867, 1873, and 1875, the work being simply the determination of the different meridians and parallels, but furnishing, naturally, considerable geographical and other infor- mation.90 There were unsuccessful attempts to restore the tract containing Conejos, Costilla, and Culebra from Colorado to New Mexico; to attach the Moreno mining district to Colorado; and to set off Grant county in the south-west as part of Arizona.
In the matter of crime and disorder the territory presents a record that is by no means unfavorable, con- sidering the circumstances of position on the Mexican frontier, constant ravages of Indian foes, defective or- ganization of the courts, lack of suitable jails, the ignorance and primitive character of the people, and the presence of miners, soldiers, and liquor-traders in remote parts of the country. Of course, there were many irregularities and lawless acts, the record of which is very imperfect and cannot be presented in detail here even so far as it exists; but the New Mexicans proved themselves to a much greater extent than has generally been believed abroad a peaceful and law-abiding people. From 1878 to 1882 the state of affairs in most districts, particularly in the south,
19 U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, Hayden, especially the report of 1867-9, p. 106-7, 157-73; Bulletin, ii., no. 4, p. 279-308; iv., no. 1; U. S. Geog. Survey, Wheeler, iii. 505-67, 603-16, 623-7, 638-61; Report for 1875, p. 40-150; Report for 1876, p. 126-47; 1876, p. 199-202; 1877, p. 1273-8, 1295-1303; 1878, p. 103-6, 131-9; also maps in atlas. See also Daly's Address before Amer. Geog. Soc., 1873, p. 14-15; Galaxy, xxi. 429-30.
20 The survey of the northern or Colorado boundary is described in the U. S. Land Office Rept, 1869, p. 37-41; also later surveys in the report of 1872.
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723
POPULATION.
was much worse than at other periods.21 The popula- tion of New Mexico in 1860, with some imperfectly estimated deductions for the territory detached later, has been given as 80,567, exclusive of Indians. In 1870 the figures had increased to 90,573, and in 1880 to 109,793. Of these numbers, in the two years re- spectively, 180 and 1,015 were colored; and in 1880 there were also 57 Chinese. The number born in New Mexico was 82,193 and 92,271; born in other parts of the United States 2,760 and 9,471; born in Mexico 3,903 and 5,173; born in other foreign countries 1,717 and 2,878. The governor's22 estimate in 1883 was
21 Corresp. with Mex. on entry of Mex. troops in pursuit of robbers, 1864. U. S. Govt Doc., 39th cong. Ist sess., Mex. affairs, ii. 266-75. 1868, killing of Chief Justice Slough. N. Mex., Scraps, 82; S. F. Times, Jan. 17, 1868; June 21, 1869. Lynching in 1870. S. F. Bulletin, Nov. 9, 1870. Election riot at Mesilla Sept. '71, in which 7 persons were killed. S. F. Alta, Sept. 21, '71; Independence Indep., Oct. 14, '71. On sale in N. Mex. of live-stock stolen in Mex. Mex., Informe. Pesquisador, 1874, p. 26, 101-2. 1874-8, murders in Lincoln co., U. S. troops called out; mob destroys a newspaper at Cimarron; riot at El Paso. N. Mex., Scraps, 16, 82; S. F. Bulletin, Oct. 24, '77; S. F. Alta, Oct. 22, '78. Troops crossing frontier in pursuit of trespassers. 45th cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 13, p. 116-31, 227-8. 1879, lynching at Las Vegas. N. Mex. Scraps, 2. Disposition of criminals. N. Mex., Mess. of gov., 8-9. 1880, troubles with cowboys and ontlaws, lynching in Lincoln co. and Las Vegas, killing an editor at Socorro, etc. Denver Tribune, June 19, July 15, Nov. 18, Dec. 26, 28, '80; Tucson Star, Feb. 12, Jan. 15, May 27, '80. Similar items for 1881, including the killing of 'Billy the Kid' by the sheriff. S. F. Chronicle, April 1, 'SI; Tombstone Epitaph, June 16, '81; Pinal Drill, Ang. 6, '81; Sac. Record-Union, July 27, 'S1; N. Mex., Acts, 1982, p. 191. Items of 1882. S. F. Bulletin, Jan. 25, Feb. 13, Nov. 11, '82. Items of 1883, including the 'rustler' war in Doña Ana co. N. Mex., Offic. Repts, 1882-3, pt iii., 64-84; S. F. Chronicle, Feb. 10, '83. 1884, see governor's message. 1885, lynching, and riot at Springer. S. F. Bulletin, March 17, '85.
22 Lionel A. Sheldon, in 1881 appointed governor of New Mexico, is of Nor- man descent, his ancestors settling in Yorkshire, England, about the time of the conquest, one of them being afterward appointed lord mayor of London, another bishop of Canterbury, and a third lientenant-general. In 1646 three brothers of this family emigrated to America, and from one of them Lionel is descended, his birthplace being Worcester, New York, and his birth- day the 30th of August, 1831. After receiving a thorough legal training, at the age of 21 he was elected justice of the peace, and soon afterward probate judge for Lorain county. At the expiration of his term he practised law, and took an active part in political and military affairs. In 1858 ne was appointed brigadier-general of militia, and at the outbreak of the war joined the Union army as captain of a cavalry company, soon afterward being promoted to a colonelcy and brevet brigadier-general. and taking part in a number of engagements. In 1868, and again in 1870 and '72, he was chosen for con- gress from New Orleans, and later was attorney for the government in the Alabamna claims. In 1880 he was member of the Chicago convention which nominated Garfield for the presidency, and for several weeks was his guest at the White House. During his career as governor he thoroughly cleared the territory of its lawless element, promoted industries and education,
724
CHRONOLOGIC AND OFFICIAL.
150,000, and the population may have reached that figure in 1886.
and brought peace and prosperity to the land. Afterward he rendered good service in putting an end to the great labor strike on the Texas and Pacific Railroad, and as receiver for that line handled $15,000,000 without a single discrepancy in his accounts. In January 1888 he settled at Los Angeles, where he became interested in the Centinela-Inglewood Company. A man of strong character and of great physical strength, a thorough lawyer, and a ripe scholar, perhaps his strongest trait is his cool and unflinching de- termination, as is displayed in his war record, and in many incidents of his eventful career.
TTORY
NEW
TERR
MEXICO
MDCCCL
SEAL OF NEW MEXICO.
CHAPTER XXIX.
INDIAN AND MILITARY AFFAIRS.
1864-1887.
MILITARY COMMANDERS-FORCES-FORTS-INDIAN POPULATION-SUPERIN- TENDENTS - APPROPRIATIONS - CHRONOLOGY -THE NAVAJOS - BOSQUE REDONDO -- CARLETON'S EFFORTS-CONTROVERSY-THE RESERVATION A FAILURE-REMOVED TO THEIR OLD HOME-AGENTS-PROSPERITY IN THE NORTH-WEST-COMANCHES-JICARILLAS AND UTES-AGENCIES AT CIMAR- RON, ABIQUIÚ, AND TIERRA AMARILLA-FINAL REMOVAL-THE PUE- BLOS-LIST OF AGENTS AND CHRONOLOGIC SUMMARY-PRESBYTERIAN SCHOOLS-THE MESCALEROS-AT FORT SUMNER AND FORT STANTON- AGENTS AND ANNALS-SOUTHERN APACHES-HOSTILE BANDS-RESERVA- TIONS-CAÑADA ALAMOSA, TULAROSA, AND OJO CALIENTE-VICTORIO'S RAIDS-APACHES REMOVED TO ARIZONA.
THE military commanders in New Mexico from 1864 were as follows: General James H. Carleton, 1864-6; General George Sykes, 1867; General George W. Getty, 1867-71; General Gordon Granger, 1871- 3 and 1875-6; General J. I. Gregg, 1873-4; General Thomas C. Devin, 1874-5; Colonel James F. Wade, 1876; General Edward Hatch, 1876-81; General Luther P. Bradley, 1881; General R. S. Mackenzie, 1881-3.1 All seem to have been faithful and efficient officers, if we may credit the annual reports of Gen- eral Pope, commanding the division of the Missouri, which included New Mexico. Most of them, how- ever, as was inevitable, antagonized at one time or another the Indian agents or some clique of citizens.
1 Carleton was major 6th inf. and brevet maj .- gen. volunteers; Sykes col 20th inf. and brevet maj .- gen. U. S. A .; Getty col 37th inf. and ditto; Granger col 15th inf. and ditto; Devin lieut .- col 8th cavalry and brevet brig .- gen. U. S. A .; Wade maj. 9th cav. and brevet col U. S. A., temporarily in command; Hatch col 9th cav. and brevet maj .- gen. U. S. A .; Bradley col 13th inf. and brevet brig .- gen. U. S. A .; Mackenzie col 4th cav. and ditto; Ritch's Blue-Book, 125-6.
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726
INDIAN AND MILITARY AFFAIRS.
For instance, Getty in 1867 and Hatch in 1880 were denounced in public meetings, but sustained by reso- lutions of the legislature. Details of these contro- verses are not fully recorded, and if they were, would hardly be worth reproducing.
The California volunteers were mustered out in New Mexico on the expiration of their terms of enlistment in 1865-6,2 and their places were taken by regular troops. The force in 1867 was over 1,500 men, but was gradually diminished, until in 1875 it was less than 600. Next year, however, it was 1,200, and was in- creased until 1883, when it was nearly 1,600, and in 1884 perhaps 2,300.3 These troops, maintained at an annual cost of nearly three millions, were distributed, according to the varying exigencies of the Indian ser- vice, at forts Bascom, Bayard, Craig, Cummings, Mc- Rae, Marcy, Selden, Stanton, Sumner, Union, and Wingate. The military headquarters was at Santa Fé; several of the older forts do not appear in the records of this period; and some of those named were new, and others abandoned before 1884.4 The legis-
2 Low (F. F.) and Gen. J. H. Carleton, Correspondence, in Cal., Journals, appen., 16th sess. There was some dissatisfaction among the men about the place of discharge, mileage, delays in getting pay, and the supply of rations. See also 39th cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 138.
32,356, according to N. Mex., Acts, 1884, p. 236. I have no regular reports after 1883.
4 Reports of the general of the army in reports of sec. war, 1864, etc., containing tables of the troops and their distribution from year to year. I have no space to record garrison changes and commanders. Ft Bascom was on the Canadian Riv., in S. Miguel co., and was abandoned in 1871, declared a mil. reserv. in 1869; area 8,840 acres; apparently on the Montoya grant, as was Ft Butler, near by, occupied as a post before Bascom, and never declared as a reserv. Ft Bayard, at Pinos Altos, corresponding to the former Ft West; name changed before 1867; having one of the largest garrisons in the terri- tory, especially in the Apache troubles of '80 et seq .; no mil. reservation. Ft Craig, on the Rio Grande, garrisoned throughout the period; built on leased land claimed as part of a Span. grant, and the claim causing much contro- versy in 1870. U. S. Govt Doc., 41st cong. 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 73; declared a reserv. in 1869; area 24,805 acres. Ft Cummings, at Cook Spring, garri- soned in 1870, and again in 1881-3; reserv. declared in 1870; area 2,500 acres; abandoned by war dept, and sale recommended in 1875. Ft McRae, on the Rio Grande, garrisoned from 1870 to 1876; reserv. declared in 1869; area 2,500 acres; like Craig, on the claimed Armendariz grant. Ft Marcy, at Sta Fé, occupied by a small detachment, acc. to the reports of most years; reserv. declared in 1868; area 17 acres. Ft Selden, near Doña Ana; aband. as a post after 1876, but again garrisoned in 1881-3; reserv. declared 1870; area 9,613 acres. Ft Stanton, Lincoln co., continuously garrisoned; reserv. 1859; re-
1
727
SUPERINTENDENTS.
lature now, as before, made frequent appeals for in- creased force, and especially for authority to raise volunteer regiments ; with occasional requests for mil- itary posts at certain exposed points; but there is no indication that these efforts ever produced any results. Something was, however, accomplished in the way of organizing the militia force.5
The Indian population of the territory in 1864-86 may be put at 26,000 to 28,000, with but little varia- tion.6 The superintendents in charge down to 1874, when the office was abolished, were Michael Steck in 1864, Felipe Delgado in 1865-6, A. B. Norton in 1866-7, Luther E. Webb in 1867-9, José M. Gallegos in 1869, William Clinton in 1869-70, Nathaniel Pope in 1870-2, L. E. Dudley in 1872-4.7 For the gen- eral Indian service, congress made an annual appro- priation, which was $75,000 in 1864, about $50,000 a year in 1865-75, $18,000 to $30,000 in 1876-81, and
duced in 1872 from 12 miles sq. to 10,240 acres. Ft Sumner, on the Pecos, in S. Miguel co., abandoned in 1868, when the Navajos were removed; and reserv. sold in 1871; but the cemetery, 320 acres, reserved by order of May 22, 1871. Ft Thorn, in Mesilla Valley, not garrisoned; reserv. never de- clared; but surveyed in 1857; recom. in 1870 to be restored to public domain. Ft Union, continuously garrisoned, and generally regarded as headquarters; reserv. declared in 1868; area with timber reserves 66,880 acres; on the Mora grant (also another reserv. of 5,120 acres on Mora Riv., declared in 1870). Ft Wingate, near R. R. south of Navajo reserv .; continuously garrisoned (Ft Defiance being abandoned); reserv. declared in 1870; area 64,000 acres. On the mil. reservations and propositions for their sale, see Cong. Globe, 1870-1, appen. 341; U. S. Govt Doc., 43d cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc. 43, p. 103; 46th cong. 3d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 47, p. 1180; pt v., vol. ix., p. 459; 47th cong. Ist sess., H. Ex. Doc., ix., pt v., p. 784; 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 45, p. 1180; H. Mis. Doc. 45, p. 252.
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