USA > Arizona > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 66
USA > New Mexico > History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, Volume XVII > Part 66
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encountering many obstacles, including several partial destructions by flood, it prospered exceedingly from 1864-5, as the principal distributing point for all the military posts, towns, and mining camps in the terri- tory. The coming of the railroad in 1877-and Yuma had the honor of a first visit from the iron horse-took away much of its commercial glory; but it is still a town of about 1,000 inhabitants, site of the territorial prison, with a brisk local trade, and an excellent news- paper in the Arizona Sentinel; and its position on the railroad and the great river gives promise of perma- nent prosperity within somewhat narrow limits. The county seat has been here since 1871, being removed from La Paz, a town which rose and fell with the Colorado mining excitement of 1862-7. Ehrenberg, founded-as Mineral City-in 1863, a few miles be- low on the river, flourished with the decay of La Paz from 1867-9, and became an active trade centre, though losing for the most part its prominence when the stage gave way to the locomotive. The Colorado Indian reservation above La Paz, where a part of the Mojave tribe have their home, has been noticed in another chapter.6
6 Yuma co. statistics of the 10th census: pop. 3,215, Ynma city 1,200, Ehrenberg 248, Raw Hide 40, Plomosa 39; farms 2, average size 965 a., ex- tent 1,930 a., improved 500 a., value $6,500, implements $900; horses 39, mules 3, cows 7, cattle 25, sheep 100, swine 35, val. of live-stock $1,100; wool 300 lbs., barley 3,000 b., corn 1,251 b., wheat 400 b., value of farm products $9,000; assessment $419,397, tax $12,802, debt $60,000. Hamilton's stat., pop. 3,922, assessment $1,000,000; cattle 5,000, horses 800, mules 300, swine 200; acres cultiv. 1,500. Hodge puts the pop. at 2,212 in 1876, and of the city 1,500, Ehrenberg 300. For sketch of Yuma co. and its history, see Yuma Sentinel, Nov. 10, 1877; Apr. 19, 1879, Name of Arizona city changed to Yuma city in 1873. Ariz., Acts, 1873, p. 39. See also, on the town, Hayes' Scraps, Ariz., iv. 182, 188, 193, 272; v. 37, 109-10, 150; Ariz. Scraps, 122-5, 133; Prescott Miner, July 13, 1877; Disturnell's Dir., 1881, p. 199-200. On Ehrenberg, Conklin's Pict. Ariz., 168; Ariz. Scraps, 124. On La Paz, Id., 500; S. F. Times, Sept. 18, 1868.
Herman Ehrenberg, a German engineer, after an adventurous career in Texas and in Cal. from 1847, came to Ariz. in 1854, and was one of the terri- tory's most notable pioneers and prospectors. He gave his name to the town, and was killed by Ind. on the Cal. side of the Colorado. He was a writer as well as adventurer. See Pioneer Register in Hist. Cal. J. W. Dorrington is a prominent newspaper man of Yuma, being editor and proprietor of the Ari- zona Sentinel, a paper which next to the Prescott Miner furnishes more items on territorial annals than any other. Dorrington was horu in N. Y., 1843, and came via Cal. in 1869. Serving as clerk in the district court at La Paz
617
PIMA COUNTY.
Pima county, bearing like the others the name of its aboriginal inhabitants, included at the time of its organization in 1864 all south of the Gila and east of Yuma, or nearly all of the Gadsden purchase. A part of Maricopa was cut off in 1873, of Pinal in 1875, Cochise and a part of Graham in 1881. Its present area is about 10,500 square miles. Tucson has always been the county seat, and in 1867-77 was also the ter- ritorial capital. Western and northern Pima, the former known as Papaguería, is an arid plain sparsely covered in spots with grass and shrubs; not without fertility, but having for the most part no water, and dotted here and there with isolated mountains and short ranges. The south-eastern portion in and ad- joining the valley of the Santa Cruz, the county's only stream of importance, but sinking in the sand before reaching the Gila, is a fertile and agreeable region, though not well wooded or watered, and bor- dered by lofty mountain ranges. Here were the only Arizona settlements of Spanish and Mexican times, the presidios and missions of the Apache frontier dat- ing from early in the eighteenth century. This early history has been as fully presented as the fragmentary records permit, and need not be even outlined here. The prosperity and antiquity of these establishments have always been exaggerated by modern writers, but their very existence under the circumstances was re- and Yuma to 1876, he was later several times a member of the legislature and council.
Charles Baker, a butcher at Yuma, is a New Yorker, who came overland to Cal. in 1858, and to Ariz. in 1862. Wife Concepcion Rodriguez, 2 children.
Abraham Frank, of German birth, came to the U. S. in 1854, and to Ariz. in 1867. He opened a store at Ehrenberg, which he still owns, having also a store at Yuma, and being also a contractor for govt supplies. He married Tomasa Sortillon in 1883, and has one child. Has been member of the legis- lature and supervisor of Yavapai.
Geo. E. Bateman, whose P. O. address is Yuma, is interested in the Blythe colony on the lower Colorado. He is a native of Mass., who came to Cal. in 1849, and has lived and travelled much in Mex. Has a Mex. wife and a son.
Geo. M. Thatcher of Me, a liquor merchant at Yuma, was a miner in W. T., also visiting Australia, until he came to Ariz. in 1866 by way of Utah and down the Colorado in a boat. He has been supt of the penitentiary and county supervisor. His wife was Aurora Santoya, and they have two children,
618
COUNTIES AND TOWNS OF ARIZONA.
markable. Their nearest approach to real prosperity was in 1790 to 1815. . The north-eastern and south- eastern parts of the county are traversed by the Southern Pacific and Guaymas railroads, respectively. With about 15,000 inhabitants, Pima is the most populous of all the counties, and many of its mining districts, as elsewhere noted, give good promise of future wealth. Tucson, founded in 1776, having at times in the old régime a population of over 1,000, but greatly reduced in the last days of Mexican and first of American rule, gained something by the disas- ters of 1861, which depopulated the rest of the county, still more by the renewal of mining industry follow- ing the peace of 1873-4, and received its last and greatest impetus on the completion of the railroad. With 10,000 inhabitants or a little more, about one third being of Mexican race, Tucson is and is likely to remain the territorial metropolis and centre of trade. Large portions of the city have still the characteris- tics of a Spanish American town with its adobe build- ings; but recent improvements have been marked and rapid, brick and wood replacing to a considerable ex- tent the original building material. Its schools, churches, and other public buildings are not dis- creditable to an American town of the century, while many merchants transact wholesale business on a large scale. The other old settlements of the valley, such as Bac, Tubac, Tumacácori, and Calabazas, must still seek their glory in the remote past or future. At San Javier still stands the famous old church of mission times, which constitutes the county's most notable relic of modern antiquity. Here also is the reservation set apart for the Pápagos, an interesting portion of Pima's population, and in many respects Arizona's most promising aboriginal tribe. At Qui- jotoa in the west two new towns sprang into existence, Logan and New Virginia, but their future, depending on that of the mines, is at present problematic or even doubtful. Nogales is the frontier custom-house town
619
PIMA COUNTY.
on the railroad, part of it being in Sonora. With Pima county's position on the Mexican border, its strong element of foreign and Indian population, its old-time history and traditions, its bloody Indian wars perhaps finally ended in 1886, its peculiar political and secession experiences of 1861-2, and its successive periods of excitement and depression in mining indus- try, it must be regarded as the representative county of Arizona in the past; and in the future, with its metropolis, its undeveloped mineral resources, its fer- tile though limited farming lands, and its existing and projected railroad facilities, Pima is not unlikely to retain its prominence.7
7 Pima statistics of the 10th census of 1880, including Cochise and Graham at that time, as must be noted: pcp. 17,006, Tucson 7,607, Smithville 148, Maxey 145, Harlowville 55, Ft Lowell 227; no. farms 137, average size 175 a., extent 23,986 a., improved 9,205 a., value $220,300, implements $18,695; horses 1,328, mules 208, oxen 218, cows 3,171, cattle 8,353, sheep 11,125, swine 636, value of live-stock (295,373; barley 33,511 b., corn 9,486 b., wheat 9,890 b., wool 26,360 lbs., milk 6,280 gal., butter 8,390 lbs., cheese 1,000 lbs., value of farm products $88, 837, assessment $2,851,212, tax $117,325, debts $65,204. Hamilton's stat. of 1882-3: assessment $5,000,000, pop. 17,425, cattle 75,000, horses 6,000, mules 2,000, swine 1,100, sheep 5,000, cultivated land 3,000 a. For sketches of the county, see Arizona Scraps, 123; Yuma Sentinel, March 15, Nov. 16, 1878; Jan. 18, 1879; Tucson Star, Jan. 9, 1879.
Tucson was incorporated in 1877, extended in 1881, and reincorporated in 1833. Ariz., Acts, 1877, p. 52-63; Id., Laws, 1881, p. 20; 1883, p. 131-211. Hamilton says the Pimas pronounce Tucson Chookson, and that it means ' black creek.' I question the first part of this statement, or at least that such was the original Pima pronunciation. The city has fine public buildings, cathe- dral, 4 churches, 5 hotels, public and high school, opera house, two flour- mills, R. R. shops, 8 newspapers-2 of them daily and 2 Spanish-electric lights, and water brought in pipes 7 miles from the river. Hotel arrivals in 1882 were over 40,000. On Tucson, besides Hamilton, Hinton, and Elliott & Co., see Barter's Directory, 1801, p. 9-13; Disturnell's Bus. Dir., 1881, p. 184-7; Californian, Apr. 1880, p. 370-1; Hodge's Ariz., 153-5; Rusling's Across Amer., 374-5; Washburn, in Cincinnatus' Trav., 343; Hayes' Diary, MŠ., 45-9; Hughes' (Law), Pima Co. and Tucson MS .; Ariz. Scraps, 37-8, 92, 123, 230, 502; Hayes' Scraps, Ariz., iii. 153, 164 5, 312-13; iv. 70, 111-12, 146-7, 301-2; v. 349-50; Tucson Star, W., Feb. 13, 1879, Jan, 1, Aug. 20, 1880; D., Jan. 20, 1880; Id., Citizen, W., March 7, 1879; June 26, 1880; D., Aug. 11, 1880; Yuma Sentinel, Sept. 22, 1877; Phoenix Herald, June 12, 1882; Prescott Miner, Feb. 5, 1875; S. F. Bulletin, Nov. 19, 1858; Mar. 1, 4, 1879; S. F. Alta, Aug. 31, 1867; June 5, 1880; S. F. Herald, Jan. 18, 1858; S. F. Times, Oct. 24, 1868; S. F. Chronicle, Mar. 14, 1881; S. F. Call, Apr. 2, 1881; S. F. Post, Jan. 4, 1881.
Many Pima co. pioneers have been mentioned in connection with terri- torial annals. Samuel Hughes was born in Wales, 1829, coming to the U. S. in 1838, and overland to Cal. in 1850. In Cal. and Or. he had a varied ex- perience as fisherman, cook, miner, cattle-trader, and Indian-fighter. In 1858 he came to Ariz. and settled at Tucson, where he has become a wealthy owner of live-stock and real estate. He has furnished many items for my
620
COUNTIES AND TOWNS OF ARIZONA.
Cochise county, named for the famous chief of the Chiricahua Apaches, lies east of Pima, from which it was cut off in 1881, forming the south-eastern corner of the territory, and having an area of 5,925 square miles. The county seat is at Tombstone. It is a re- gion of wooded mountains and grassy valleys, affording a considerable area of grazing lands, but only slight agricultural promise, for lack of water. The San Pedro is the only permanent stream, carrying but little water in summer; but artesian wells have proved successful in Sulphur Spring, one of the county's eastern valleys. The stock-raising industry promises well; but it is to the wonderful metallic wealth of its hills that Cochise owes its world-wide
use respecting early times in Pima and the growth of Tucson. Solomon Warren, according to Elliott, came from Yuma in 1856, and opened the first American store at Tucson. Teodoro Ramirez, a native and formerly an official during the Mex. regime, died at Tucson in 1871, at the age of about 94. Amasa B. Sampson is a native of Mass., who went to Kansas in 1855, serving with Gen. Lane's free-state forces, and later going to Pike's Peak, where he was sheriff. In 1861-5 he served with the Col. volunteers in N. Mex., and was subsequently a merchant at Helena, Mont., and at S. Francisco, Coming to Tucson in 1379 he has since carried on a large tobacco business. and was elected county recorder in 1884. He married Anna Gallagher in 1365. He seems to be a deservedly popular man. Chas Tozer, a well-known mining expert, was speaker of the 1st legislature. He came to Tucson about 1356, and commanded the party that attempted to rescue Crabb and his fili- busters in Sonora. R. H. Paul, for several terms sheriff of Pima co., is a native of Mass., who was a sailor in early life, coming to Cal. in 1849. There he was a miner in 1849-54 and 1861-72; constable and sheriff in Calaveras co. in 1854-61; and from 1872 an employé of Wells, Fargo, & Co., in which capacity he came to Ariz. in 1878. He married Margaret Coughlan in 1862, and has three children. Portrait in E. & Co.'s Ilist., 244. Geo. J. Roskruge, a prominent surveyor and Freemason of Tucson, was born in England 1845, coming to the U. S. in 1870, and to Ariz. from Col. in 1872. He came in a party seeking timber lands, and had at the start some exciting adventures with Indians. Joining a surveying party as cook and packer, he became chief draughtsman in the surv .- gen.'s office, deputy surveyor of Ariz. and N. Mex., and city and county surveyor. He was also supt of irrigation, member of the board of education, and grand sec. of the Masons. H. E. Lacy, an Englishman, came to the U. S. in 1864, and served with the Cal. volunteers in Ariz. 1865-6. He came back to Ariz. in 1866, and was a trader at Ft Goodwin and Camp Apache, representing Apache co. in the council of 1333, and now living at Tucson as a money-lender. Gilbert W. Hopkins, one of the early pioneers, was a member of the Ist legislature, and regent of the university. He was killed by Apaches near Ft Buchanan in Feb. 1865. B. H. Hereford, a native of Miss., went to Chih. in 1849, and to Cal. in 1853, being for seven years clerk for his brother who was district attorney of Sac- ramento co. From 1863 he was county clerk, deputy sheriff, and book-keeper for the Bonanza firm in Nev., coming to Ariz. in 1876, and there practising law. He was a member of the council and district attorney of Pima, resid- ing at Tucson. His son Frank was Gov. Tritle's private secretary.
621
COCHISE COUNTY.
fame, and particularly to developments in the Tomb- stone lodes, which have proved by far the most exten- sive and productive in the territory. This region has been the field of the most bloody and longest continued Indian atrocities; and it has suffered much in later years from the pest of border outlaws; but it is hoped that its pioneer troubles and youthful irregularities are for the most part at an end. Tombstone, where the first house was built in 1879, and which has been twice nearly destroyed by fire, has been the most flourishing mining camp in the territory, and is now a town of nearly 4,000 inhabitants, chiefly built of adobe, but having many fine brick structures. An ample and excellent supply of water is brought from the Huachuca mountains, over 20 miles distant; and the city is well supplied with newspapers, schools, churches, and mercantile establishments, to say noth- ing of saloons and other adjuncts of civilization. Bis- bee, in the extreme south, is a town of nearly 500 inhabitants, built up at the works of the Copper Queen Company, and the prospective centre of a rich mining district. Benson is at the junction of the Guaymas railroad with the main overland line, and the centre of a large grazing district, having large smelting-works, a newspaper, and a population of 500. Fairbanks, on the Guaymas railroad, is the point of departure of stages for Tombstone. Willcox, with about the same population, is a railroad station in the north-east, the point of departure for places in Graham and Gila counties, having also its newspaper.8
8 The 10th census has no statistics for Cochise, then a part of Pima, except the pop. of the following towns: Tombstone 973, Charleston 350, C. Bowie 184, Contention 150, Dos Cabezas 126. Hamilton's statistics are: pop. 9,640, assessed value $4,263,684, cattle 70,000, horses 4,000, mules 3,000, swine 500, sheep 5,000, cultivated land 4,000 a. Mining stat. have been given in another chapter. Elliott & Co.'s stat. : cattle 52,000, horses 4,000, mules 2,200, swine 1,000, sheep 5,000, value of live-stock $2,180,000. 5,000 of the 5,925 sq. m. are agricultural lands! Something of the growth of Tombstone has been re- corded in connection with mining. The destructive fires were in 1881-2, but the excellent water supply has now greatly reduced the danger, though it did not prevent the destruction of the pumping-works in 1886. The public build- ings include a county court-house of brick, costing $43,000, a fine city hall, and school building. There are 4 churches, 2 hotels, theatre, and bank. The
622
COUNTIES AND TOWNS OF ARIZONA.
We now come to the four new counties along the Gila, cut off at different dates since 1871 from Yavapai on the north and Pima on the south. The eastern- most is Maricopa, created in 1871, increased from Pima in 1873, losing part of Pinal in 1875, extended in the north-east to longitude 110° in 1877, and losing north- ern Gila in 1881. Its present area is 9,354 square miles, and its county seat has been Phoenix from the first. The name, like those of all the counties before mentioned, is that of the principal aboriginal tribe. The extreme western portion does not differ much in its natural features from Yuma, having in the north the famous Vulture mines and in the south the Myers district. Above the big bend, however, on the Gila, Salt, and Verde rivers, the plain is favorably situated for irrigation from the streams; and this eastern portion of Maricopa, especially the Salt River valley, forms the largest and most available body of farming land in the territory. By canals that have been and are being constructed, large areas of the desert are being
newspaper is the Epitaph. For several years the city has been under a cloud, but there seems to be no permanent foundation for depression. The city was incorporated in 1881. Ariz., Acts, 11th leg. ass., 39-78. The files of the Tomb- stone Epitaph, Nugget, and Record contain of course much information about the town, as also the San Francisco papers. See also Californian, July 1881, p. 53-7; Disturnell's Bus. Dir., 188], p. 171-5; Ariz., Scraps, 431; and of course full descriptions in Hamilton and Elliott.
Ed Schieffelin and Richard Gird, both residents of Cal. in later years, were the discoverers of the Tombstone mines. W. H. Savage, county and city attorney at Tombstone, is an Irishman who came to the U. S. in 1847. In the war of 1861-5 he enlisted four times in the navy, cavalry, and infantry, reaching the rank of lieut J. V. Vickers is a real estate and insurance agent at Tombstone, also interested in mining and stock-raising. He came to Ariz. in 1880, being a native of Pa, and a merchant iu N. Y. city in 1874- 80. Benj. Williams, a native of England, came to the U. S. in 1855, to Cal. in 1874, and from Nev. to Ariz. in 1878. He has furnished interesting and useful information about the towu and its mines. Among other prominent citizens of Tombstone are the following: Judge W. H. Stilwell, in 1880 asso- ciate judge of the supreme court; E. C. Dunn, M. D., who settled at Tomb- stone in 1881; F. L. Moore, the vice-president and manager of the Cochise Hardware and Trading Company; P. B. Warnekros, a general merchant; S. C. Bagg, proprietor of the Tombstone Prospector: J. P. McAllister, a foundry- man; B. S. Coffman, superintendent of the Water Vail Mining Company; J. E. Durkee, the largest freighter in Arizona; J. J. Patton, who is in the harness and saddlery business; J. S. Robbins, manager and half owner of the Whitbeck Land and Cattle Co .; S. L. Hart, a dealer in hardware and fire- arms; and L. W. Blinn, a lumber merchant, and president of the Tempe Laud Improvement Company.
62
MARICOPA COUNTY.
transformed into grain-fields, orchards, vineyards, and gardens. Apparently the county must always main- tain its agricultural supremacy. Here is one of the Pima Indian reservations, and here the Mormons have their most prosperous settlements. The county's great need is additional facilities for transportation, which will be afforded by a railroad connecting the Atlantic and Pacific and Prescott in the north with the South- ern Pacific-which traverses Maricopa from east to west, south of the Gila-and Tucson in the south. The population is about 6,000. The first settlement was at Wickenburg in the extreme north in 1863; but the valley settlement, the digging of canals, the raising of crops, and the building of houses date from 1867-8 ; and the founding of Phoenix-so called from the new civilization that was expected to rise here from the ashes of the past-from 1870. This is a thriving town of some 3,000 inhabitants, built largely of adobe, but with many structures of brick and wood, on an open plain formerly classified as desert but now distin- guished among Arizona towns for its wealth of shade trees and attractive homes. Excessive heat is the only drawback to comfort in this favored region. The city is reached by a stage route of about 30 miles from Maricopa station on the Southern Pacific, but railroad connection with the north and south cannot be long delayed.ª
9 Maricopa (including northern Gila) statistics of the 10th census: pop. 5,689, Phoenix 1,708, Seymour 258, Mesa City 151, Tempe 135, Utahville 123, Wickenburg 104, Wheatfield 72; no. of farms 171, average size 205 a., extent 35,011 a., improved 19,447 a., value $287,180, implements $24,465; horses 1,151, mules 192, oxen 13, cows 1,623, cattle 2,954, sheep 8, swine 1,904, value of live-stock $161,406; wool 24 lbs., milk 4,600 gal., butter $7,800 lbs .; barley 125,138 b., corn 2,165, b., wheat 87,315; value of farm products $210,785, assessment $915,131, tax $27,575, debt $76,394. Hamilton's stat. of 1882-3: pop. 6,408, assessed value $2,078,147, cattle 8,000, horses 5,000, mules 1,500, swine 7,000, sheep 1,500, land cultivated 35,000 a. Elliott & Co.'s stat. of 1883: assessment $1,939,23], acres of alfalfa 3,973, vines 213,420, fruit-trees 30,260; product of wheat 13,686,780 lbs. or 243 b. per acre, barley 18,792,091 lbs. or 26} b. per acre, wheat raised by Ind. 2,000,000 Ibs., cotton 3,390 lbs. on 5 a. These stat. were taken from the Phoenix Gazette. On the organization of the county and successive changes in the boundaries, see Ariz., Acts, 1871, p. 53-4; 1873, p. 87; 1877, p. 12. On Maricopa co. and Salt River valley, see, besides the references given below for Phoenix, Yuma Sentinel,
624
COUNTIES AND TOWNS OF ARIZONA.
Farther east on the Gila is Pinal county, named for its pine groves, or perhaps directly from the Pinal Apaches, created in 1875 from Pima and Yavapai, slightly extended westward in 1877 to correct an error of boundary, and losing the Globe district of southern Gila in 1881. Its present area is 5,210 square miles, and its county seat Florence. The southern portion of the county is largely a desert, traversed in the west by the railroad and the underground channel of the Santa Cruz, and in the east by the San Pedro and several ranges of mineral-bearing mountains. In the northern hills are several mining districts grouped around the famous Silver King as a centre. Along the Gila, which traverses the county from east to west, is a body of fine irrigable land, similar to that in Maricopa, though of less extent. In the west, lying along the river, is the Pima reservation, parts of which have been cultivated for centuries with undiminished yield; while farther up the valley eastward is a tract irrigated and utilized by settlers in recent years, and closely resembling in most re- spects that on Salt River. The lower San Pedro also contains a limited amount of good farming land.
April 21, 1877; April 12, 1879; Prescott Miner, Nov. 2, 9, 1877; Tucson Citizen, May 30, 1879; S. F. Call, Feb. 16, 1879; Arizona Scraps, 19, 123.
Phoenix has 5 churches, 2 of adobe, 2 of brick, and one of wood; a two- story brick school-house; fine brick court-house; 4 newspapers, the Herald, Gazette, Mercurio, and Union; an ice-factory, brewery, and flouring mill which in 1883 turned out 3,000,000 lbs. of flour. The city was incorporated in 1881. Ariz., Acts, 105-16. On the history and condition of Phoenix, the Phoenix Herald file contains a large amount of information; see also Hayes' Scraps, Ariz., vi. 110; Ariz. Scraps, 19, 133; Prescott Arizonian, July 19, 1879; Cal. Agriculturist, ii. 10. Jonesville, the oldest Mormon settlement, dates from 1877, and has a pop. of about 150; Mesa City was founded in 1878; Tempe is a pleasant village with a large flouring mill.
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