History of California, Volume II, Part 38

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 826

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71 Report of the padres in St. Pap. Miss., MS., iv. 19-20.

72 Sta Ines, Lib. Mision, MS., 14; Payeras, Informe Bienal, 1815-16, MS., 113; Id., 1817-18, 302; St. Pap. Miss., MS., iv. 27; Prov. Rec., MS., ix. 183. 73 Increase of population, 630 to 635; baptisms, 594; smallest number, 26 in 1819; largest, 183 in 1816; deaths, 544; smallest number, 36 in 1812; largest, 85 in 1817. Large stock, 3,692 to 7,720; horses, etc., 492 to 770; sheep, etc., 2,300 to 5,100. Crops in 1810, 4,430 bushels; in 1820, 3,415; largest, 10,490 in 1812; smallest, 2,730 in 1816; average, 4,340 bushels.

Nov. 10, 1814, first baptism of an isleño Indian from Limú Island; such baptisms frequent after April 1815. Sta Ines, Lib. Mision, MS., 12-13. Jan. 1816, much frost but no rain; prospect bad. March 1817, heavy rains and snow. 1819, heavy frost killed the wheat; corn crop light. Potatoes to be raised for the Indians. Guerra, Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., v. 257-8, 262-3.

7+ Antonio Calzada was born in Florida Nov. 24, 1760; and took the habit at the convent of the Purísima Concepcion in Habana Feb. 3, 1780. He was ordained a priest in Mexico Dec. 18, 1784; and arrived in California in October 1787. His missionary service was at San Gabriel from 1788 to 1792; at Purí- sima until 1804, though absent in Mexico on account of ill-health from Angust 1796 to May 1798; and. founding Sta Ines in September 1804, he served there until a stroke of paralysis rendered him helpless in 1813. A second stroke put an end to his life on Dec. 23, 1814. He was interred in the church, and on July 1, 1817, his remains were transferred to the new church, outside the

369

SANTA INÉS.

and there were several other changes; Ramon Olbés serving in 1812-14, Estevan Tapis in 1813-14, Roman Fernandez de Ullibarri in 1815-19, and Antonio Cat- arino Rodriguez, apparently in 1820-1.

presbytery near the railing on the gospel side. Sta Ines, Lib. Mision, MS., 17-18; Arch. Sta B., MS., vi. 228; x. 409; Arch. Obispado, MS., S6; Arch. Arzob., MS., i. 47.

HIST. CAL., VOL. II. 24

CHAPTER XVII.

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE NORTH. 1811-1820.

SAN FRANCISCO-OFFICIALS, POPULATION, AND FINANCES-BUILDINGS-LITH- OGRAPHIC VIEWS-FOREIGN VISITORS-THE MISSION-FATHER SAENZ- ACROSS THE BAY-MISSION SAN JOSE-SANTA CLARA-PUEBLO OF SAN JOSÉ-OFFICIALS-THE CHAPEL-SCHOOL-ROAD-MONTEREY PRESI- DIAL DISTRICT-STATISTICS-PRESIDIO BUILDINGS-RECONSTRUCTION -- SCHOOL-A BEAR STORY-RECAPITULATION OF FOREIGN VESSELS- RANCHOS-SAN CARLOS-SAN LUIS OBISPO-SAN MIGUEL-SAN AN- TONIO-SOLEDAD-FLORENCIO IBAÑEZ-SAN JUAN BAUTISTA-SANTA CRUZ -- PADRE MARQUINEZ-MURDER OF ANDRES QUINTANA-VILLA DE BRANCIFORTE.

LUIS ANTONIO ARGUELLO commanded at San Fran- cisco as lieutenant, while Rodriguez in Mexico held the captaincy, until 1817 and afterward as captain. He was also habilitado after 1816, up to which year his brother Cadet Gervasio Argüello kept the ac- counts. I have in my collection the original account- books kept by Don Luis in these times.1 Gabriel Moraga, brevet lieutenant, was the alférez until 1818; but on his promotion, by some mistake in Madrid, he was made lieutenant of the Santa Barbara company, and Ignacio Martinez came here as lieutenant. The alférez after 1818 was Santiago Argüello, serving not in his own company but at San Diego. After Ger- vasio Argüello's promotion Joaquin Estudillo was a cadet in the company from 1818. Luis Peralta and

1 San Francisco, Cuentas del Habilitado de la Compañía Presidial, 1818-33, MS., tom. i. xxix. Presented by General Vallejo. tom. i .- iv., contain Ar- güello's accounts from 1818 to 1820; stout leather-bound volumes 9x12 inches, in which a separate page, or more, is devoted to the account of each officer and soldier. Each volume has an index which is a full company roster.

( 370 )

371

SAN FRANCISCO.

José Sanchez were the sergeants, the latter being brevetted alférez in 1820.

The force was 68 soldiers, twelve invalids, and four artillerymen, of whom about 40 lived at the presidio until 50 men of Captain Navarrete's San Blas infantry were stationed here in 1819 under Lieutenant Valle and Alférez Haro. The total population in 1820 of presidio and missions, excluding Santa Cruz, had in- creased from 310 to about 430, to which number, if we add the population of San José pueblo, we have for the northern presidial district a total of 670; and the neophytes of the same district numbered 4,360, a gain from 2,930 in 1810.2 There is no indication that any of the new artillerymen under Ramirez were stationed at San Francisco in 1820. Statistics are fragmentary, but I embody some items in a note.3

The fort of San Joaquin was rebuilt in 1816, a feat which gave rise to much correspondence, all going to show the fact of rebuilding and nothing more, except that the work was satisfactory to the commandant, who praised Lieutenant Manuel Gomez for the skill and energy displayed. The work was done by presi- diarios, or convicts, native and Spanish, it being the

2 I must note, however, that we have no exact and reliable statistics of white population in San Francisco from 1817 to 1828, nor in San José between 1816 and 1822. For the former I take the population in 1817, which was 380, and add the 50 infantrymen, not knowing exactly when the decrease to 280 in 1828 began. For San José, which gained from 137 in 1816 to about 300 in 1822, I adopt somewhat arbitrarily 240 as the population in 1820.

3 The annual pay-roll was about $19,000; only invoice $7,253 in 1815-16; inventories of goods in the warehouse, constantly dwindling from $17,715 in 1810 to $1,257 at end of 1815, $3, 848 in 1816, and $2,043 in 1817: supplies from missions from $4,000 to $11,000 per year. At the end of 1816 there was owing to the company $25,878, in sums ranging from $55 to $1,229, the largest amount being due to Sergt. Sanchez; while only two men, Gregorio Briones and José Castro, were in debt to the extent of 25 cents each. Tobacco revenue about $1,600 down to 1813. Tithes, $40, $28, and $7, in 1811-12-13, perhaps for presidio alone. Postal revenue, average $26 down to 1817. Papal bulls $71 in IS11. Sales of cattle from rancho del rey $260 per year. This rancho was located at Las Pulgas in 1816 when a new lot of cattle was obtained from the missions. After 1816 the best authorities on San Francisco presidial sta- tistics are the S. Francisco, Cuentas, MS., tom. i .- iv. already noticed, and the original records in Vallejo, Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., xv. 67-97; xvi. 2-95. See also Prov. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., xlii .- lii. passim; Id .. Presid., 33, 36 77-81; St. Pap. Sac., MS., ii. 68; viii. 55; ix. 77; Prov. St. Pap., MS., xx. 42, 45, 78, 134-6, 174; Sta Cruz, Arch., MS., 10, 24-7. .

372

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE NORTH.

part of the garrison to guard the laborers, eighteen of whom ran away on one occasion. Merlons and esplanade are favorite words with the writers; and among the material mentioned were 200 beams, 600 planks, 3,600 nine-inch spikes, and lime mortar.4 There were twenty guns in 1820, three of which were twenty- four pounders. Of the battery at Yerba Buena noth- ing is heard during the decade. There are some rather vague allusions to the rebuilding or extensive repair of the presidio proper. At any rate the old chapel was torn down to be rebuilt, and a provisional building fitted up in which the first mass was said on Febuary 25, 1816. Osio tells us that Argüello and his soldiers began the work of rebuilding the presidio square in 1815, and nearly finished it before Sola found it out and ordered a suspension, summoning Don Luis to Monterey, and even going so far as to threaten him with personal chastisement. Amador also says the presidio was in process of reconstruction about 1818. Choris gives a lithographic view of the buildings as they appeared in 1816, a picture which imparts but very slight information, and seems to represent the structures as complete. Chamisso, however, says that the presidio was newly built and covered with tiles, though the chapel had not been begun. In April 1818 Sola informed the viceroy that the southern block where the church was to be was yet unfinished, as were the corrals on the four sides, thus implying a reconstruction,5 respecting which, more or less com- plete, I think there can be no doubt.

4 Prov. St. Pap., MS., xx. 2-3, 43-5, 103, 123, 134-6, 232, 258-61; Id. Presid., i. 33-5; Prov. Rec. MS., ix. 137, 155; Vallejo, Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., xv. 68-91.

5 Provisional chapel. Prov. St. Pap., MS., xx. 45. Sept. 16, 1816, one of the soldiers' houses was burned, and 14 prisoners employed to put out the fire escaped. Id., Ben. Mil., xlvi. 37. Choris says of the presidio, 'sa forme est carrée. Il a deux portes toujours occupées par une garde; les fenêtres ne sont ouvertes que sur la cour.' And of the fort, 'il est muni de tout ce qui est nécessaire pour la défendre avec avantage.' Choris, Voy., Pittoresque, (iii.) p. i. pl. ii. Amador, Memorias, MS., 16, says the old structures were of palo parado, the new ones of adobes. Osio, Ilist. Cal., MS., 5-21, says that Sola with his stick and Argüello with his sword made some hostile demonstrations, whereupon Sola threw away his stick and extended his hand, desiring to be

373

SAN FRANCISCO.

The leading events at San Francisco, chiefly the visits of foreign vessels, have been recorded in other chapters. In 1811 Padre Abella made a boat voyage on the bay, applying some new names. This year and the next the Aleut otter-hunters frequented the bay in their bidarkas. In 1812-13 came the news of the Russian settlement at Bodega, with some excitement involving several expeditions to the north. In 1813- 14 communication with Ross was continued, and Slo- bódchikof came down more than once with bidarka loads of goods for traffic. In the latter year there came also Black in the Raccoon and Eliot de Castro in the Ilmen, returning in 1815. This year Makarof brought a cargo in the Surarof. In 1816 was the visit of Kotzebue in the Rurik, a visit resulting in the publication of three books which afford very few items of information about San Francisco that the reader had not learned better from other sources.6 Padush- kin, Hagemeister, and Kuskof were guests at the presidio in 1817; and finally Roquefeuil in 1817-18 brought the Bordelais into the port three times, the first French craft ever seen within the Golden Gate.7 In 1818 a school was in operation; and in December 1819 a soldier was killed while firing a salute to the Virgin of Guadalupe.3

friendly with so brave a man ! He says a boat was built by an English car- penter in which timber was brought from San Rafael. Alvarado, Hist. Cal., MS., i. 227-8, says the boat was built by three English carpenters, deserters from the Columbia River, captured in Alameda county, in 1816. The boat was launched in November 1818, Doña Magdalena Estudillo coming up from Monterey to serve as madrina, and naming her the Paulina. This lancha was of about five tons. Feb. 1816, correspondence between Argüello and Sola, showing that the old boat had been badly damaged and after repairs destroyed in a gale. A new one to be built. Prov. St. Pap., MS., xx. 42, 46. April 3, 1818, Sola to viceroy on presidio buildings. Prov. Rec., MS., ix. 176. Cha- misso, Remarks, 49, is wrong in saying the buildings were of stone. Roque- feuil, Voyage, 26, says that in 1817 the church which had been burned had not been rebuilt; but the temporary hall used as a chapel was kept in excellent condition.

6 I have already given the observations of Kotzebue, Choris, and Chamisso on general matters; also some items respecting buildings; and I have yet to give others about the mission. It may be noted here that Chamisso says something of the geology, fauna, and plants of the peninsula; and also that he uses for the first time the name Point Lobos.

7 See chapters xiii., xiv., this volume.

8 Prov. Rec., MS., ix. 180; Prov. St. Pap., MS., xx. 253.

374

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE NORTH.

Visitors to San Francisco were in most cases enter- tained by the padres at the mission; and of that in- stitution those who wrote books have more to say than of the presidio. These writers, however, devote most attention to the Indians and to the imperfectly understood workings of the mission system. Choris reproduces the various types of neophytes' heads, and incidentally in his picture of a native dance portrays a portion of the church, the building begun in 1782 and still standing in 1885.9

San Francisco reached its highest limit of popula- tion in 1820 with 1,252 neophytes on its registers. Its baptisms were exceeded only at San José, and its deaths, 2,100, nowhere, the death-rate being 63 per cent of original population added to the baptisms. It is to be noted, however, these figures include the asistencia, or branch, of San Rafael; that the popula- tion of San Francisco proper had decreased to 622, and that its death-rate was nearly seventy-five per cent. The mission lost heavily in cattle, but held its own in sheep.10 Of the two associate ministers Saenz

9 In 1883 a new brick church was built adjoining the old structure; but no change was made in the latter, though its destruction was announced in the city newspapers of the time. Choris, Voy. Pittoresque, (iii.) p. 2-6, pl. iii .- vii., says the mission 'forme un village assez considérable. L'église est grande, et tient à la maison des missionaries, qui est simple, passablement propre et commode.' The Indians have their own gardens. Twenty looms in constant operation. Two mills moved by mule-power. Much information about the Indians. Chamisso, Remarks, 49, says all the buildings, including the houses of the Indians, were of stone covered with tiles; horse-power mill in which one stone is moved over another withont mechanism. Kotzebue, Voyage, i. 279-81, marked the favorable contrast of scenery, vegetation, etc., at the mission to the surroundings of the presidio. Says the church was 'spacious, built of stone, and handsomely fitted up.' 'The habitations of the Indians, consisting of long low houses built of bricks, and forming several streets. The uncleanliness in these barracks baffles description, and this is, perhaps, the cause of the great mortality;' for of 1,000, 300 die every year. Roquefenil, Voyage, 24-6, says: 'The soil seems much more fertile than at the presidio, and the temperature is sensibly milder. The church is kept in good order, and handsomely decorated. It may contain from 500 to 600 persons. There is not a single seat in it.' April 3, 1818, Sola reports to the viceroy that the church is commodious and neatly adorned. Prov. Rec., MS., ix. 177.

10 Population, 1,059 to 1,252. Baptisms, 2,238; largest number, 321 in 1811; smallest, 120 in 1820; deaths, 2,100; largest number, 314 in 1815; small- est, 118 in 1819. Large stock, 12,250 to 4,695; horses, etc., 1,010 to 859; sheep, etc., 10,000 to 10,280. Crops in 1810, 7,678 bushels; in 1820, 6,280;

375

MISSION SAN JOSÉ.

de Lucío left the province in 1816;11 while Ramon Abella left this mission in 1819. Oliva served in 1815-19, and Juan Cabot in 1818-20; while Ordaz and Altimira came in 1820. The terrible mortality among their neophytes was the great trouble of the friars throughout the decade; and the establishment of San Rafael as a kind of hospital to which many were transferred has already been recorded. There seems also in 1819 to have been a beginning of agri- cultural and stock-raising operations across the bay, where Oakland or Alameda now stands; but no par- ticulars are recorded. According to the land com- mission records, however, the San Antonio rancho was granted to Luis Peralta in 1820.12

At mission San José Duran and Fortuni continued their ministry, baptized more Indians than the mis- sionaries at any other establishment, buried a smaller percentage of their converts than at any other except San Luis Rey, and took the second place in the list so far as population was concerned. Sheep-raising and agriculture were also prosperous.13 The decade was as quiet as prosperous. In January 1811 the

largest, 10,070 in 1814; smallest, 3,520 in 1819; average, 6,850 bushels, of which 3,900 were wheat, yielding 11 fold; 1,950 barley, eight fold; and 223 corn, 100 fold. In 1814 limits were assigned to the mission lands by Gov. Sola according to P. Estenega's statement in 1828; but 'East to Laurel Creek and south across the sierra so as to include San Pedro rancho on the coast' is the substance of information given. Register of Brands and Marks, MS., 1. July 22, 1814, P. Abella buried an old woman said to be 259 (?) years old, and the last living native within six leagues who could remember the founders of the mission. S. Francisco, Lib. Mision., MS., 74. March 21, 1820, 20 runaways, mostly across the bay. Pomponio and his company committing ravages. Arch. Arzob., MS., iv. pt. i. 29. The mission supplied the presidio in 1813 $1,107; in 1819, $1,500; and in 1820, to May, $683. Id., iv. i. 32.

11 Juan Saenz de Lucío was a native of Cantabria; left his college for Cali- fornia in February 1806; his last signature on the San Francisco books is on Aug. 7, 1815, and he seems to have spent some months at San Juan Bautista before leaving the province in November 1816. His license was announced by Sarria Nov. 6, 1815.

12 Oct. 30, 1819, letter of P. Cabot. The stock was transferred, 'frente de su mision, tierra firme con San José,' where extensive planting was to be undertaken. Arch. Arzob., MS., iii. pt. ii. 116. Grant of San Antonio. Aug. 16, 1820. Cal. Land Com., no. 4, 273, 274.

13 Increase in population, 545 to 1,754. Baptisms, 2,601; largest number, 348 in 1812; smallest, 81 in 1814; Deaths, 1,380; largest number, 193 in 1817; smallest, 83 in 1814. Large stock, 7,100 to 6,859; horses, etc., 1,190

376

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE NORTH.

39- 124

Laguna

Satiyonics

Sta, Rosay

Jesus Maria

Bodega

SOLANO

Sonoma

Napa

Suisun

Petaluma‹

Tamales

S. Antonio

Olompali

Novato

B.Redonda S. Pablo

Carguines

PtaReyes S.F

`S. RAFAEL O

Pinole- S. Pablo

Quintin

SCO

IFANGELE

TRA-

S. Antonio

Pescadero

Pta.Bonete

ABUENA

YERBA

Mision o

S. FRANCISCO

Merced

S. Leandro

FIFARAELONES

R.S. Lorenzo

S Bruno

lemente

Buriburi

S.Pedro

"S. Mateo

Alameda MISION S. JOSE/

Pilar

'Las Pulgas

Calcra

Tularcitos S.Ignacio_

STA. CLARA

Calaveras

SAN JOSE

Llano de

S. Bernardino

Arr. Coyot

orenzo

Las Llagas

ta. Ano Nuevo

g Isid

BRANCIFORTE Aptos- Corralitos

SANTA CRUZ

Salsipuedes Las.Animas R . Pajaro

123

MAP OF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT, 1800-30.

R. Sacramento

R. s. Francisg or S.Joaquin

Mt.Diablo

Presidio

Visitacion

S.Franciaquito

Guadalupe

377

SANTA CLARA.

dead were transferred from the old to the new ceme- tery. In 1813 there was an expedition after run- · aways, involving a fight on the San Joaquin, already recorded. In 1817 a grand fiesta patriarcal was held the 29th of April, to which the governor was invited; and finally in 1818 there was an Indian murder case of no special interest.14

The annals of Santa Clara are likewise brief and unexciting. According to the biennial mission re- port for 1817-18 a fine new church of adobes with tule roof had been completed during that period. Hittell and Tuthill, to say nothing of various news- paper writers, tell us that the mission church was thrown down by an earthquake in 1818; but I think there is no authority for such a statement.15 Santa

Clara was o one of the six missions that still baptized over one hundred Indians per year, and had not yet reached their highest limit of population; still its death-rate was very large and its gain only twenty- five in ten years.16 The missionaries were still Catalá and Viader.

The population of the pueblo of San José, including that of some adjoining ranchos, increased during this decade from 125 to about 240, records of population being very fragmentary like all other statistics. For

to 859; sheep, etc., 7,002 to 12,000. Crops in 1810, 4,075 bushels; in 1820 and largest, 9,775; smallest, 3,030 in 1811; average, 6,020 bushels, of which 5,040 were wheat, yield 27 fold; 243 barley, 17 fold; and 435 corn, 132 fold. 1+ San José, Patentes, MS., 43; Prov. St. Pap., MS., xix. 349-9; chap. xv. of this vol .; Arch. Arzob., MS., iii. pt. ii. 5; Prov. St. Pap., MS., xx. 222. 15 Payeras, Informe Bienal, 1817-18, MS., 302; Hittell's Resources of Cal., MS., 43; Tuthill's Hist. Cal., 116. Vallejo, Hist. Cal., MS., i. 142-3, and Alvarado, Hist. Cal., MS., i. 37, state that one night in 1814 or 1813, Padre Viader was attacked by the Indian Marcelo and two companions, who were overcome by the muscular friar single-handed. They were pardoned after a homily on the terrible sin of attacking a priest, and Marcelo was afterward a faithful friend of the Spaniards.

16 Gain in population, 1,332 to 1,357. Baptisms 1,266; largest number, 192 in 1811; smallest, 42 in 1817. Deaths, 1,158; largest number, 192 in 1811; smallest, 86 in 1814. Large stock, 8,353 to 5,024; horses, etc., 2,032 to 722; sheep, 10,027 to 12,060. Crop in 1810, 6,525 bushels; in 1820, 6,770; largest, 9,480 in 1813; smallest, 5,130 in 1811; average, 7,120, of which 4,800 were wheat, yield 16 fold; 630 barley, 33 fold; 1,117 corn, 181 fold.

378

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE NORTH.

1819 a list of 48 stock-raisers is given; but there is no definite mention of private ranchos, though those of Ortega and Castro were in this region and perhaps others.17 The town was still in the military jurisdic- tion of Monterey; but the governor's comisionado in charge was Sergeant Luis Peralta of the San Fran- cisco company.18 Antonio Soto was alcalde in 1818, José Castro in 1819, and Teodosio Flores in 1820. For the earlier years I find no record. The chapel be- gun in 1803 was finished before 1812, in February of which year the inhabitants petitioned President Tapis for religious services, which had been promised by Lasuen whenever the chapel should be ready. In his reply the president reminded the citizens that wine, wafer, and wax were yet lacking, but authorized them to apply to the padres of Santa Clara for mass and sacra- ments to the sick. How the friars welcomed the call we are not informed.19 In 1811 the citizens made a contract with the retired corporal Rafael Villavicencio to teach their children; a contract which was ap- proved at the capital with certain modifications, in- cluding school regulations, and which may be supposed to have been carried into effect. Of educational prog- ress nothing more is known until 1818, when Antonio Buelna was appointed teacher, and the fitting-up of a new school-room was ordered. Buelna, who had pre-

17 I have no definite figures of pueblo population from 1816 when it was 137, to 1822 when it was about 285, being about 370 in 1823. Making allow- ance for 15 or 20 Indian inhabitants, 240 is a fair estimate from these figures. List of stock-raisers in S. José, Arch., MS., vi. 4. Tithes in 1811-17 ranged from 72 to 180 fanegas of grain, and from 60 to 100 head of cattle. S. José Arch., MS., vi. 52-3. In 1817 the governor reprimands the comisionado on account of the small amount of tithes collected. Dept. St. Pap., S. José, MS., i. 143-4. In ISI1 the crop was 1,491 fan .; in 1814, 1,544 fan. Prov. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., xlii. 3, 7. No other years are given. In ISII cattle num- bered 4,673; horses, 296; mules, 84. In 1814, cattle, 9,896; horses, 482; mules, 89. Id., xlii. 4, S.

18 Nov. 17, 1817, Sola to Peralta. The alcalde and regidores must come to an understanding with the comisionado, who represents the governor in all political matters. S. José, Arch., MS., i. 25. Nov. 24th, Sola to Peralta, com- plaining of the small amount of tithes, and blaming the comisionado for per- mitting the settlers to cheat him in this matter. Id., i. 143-4. The sudden death of Alcalde Soto in June 1818 is alluded to by the governor. Dept. St. Pap., S. José, MS., i. 122, 128, 133. Joaquin Higuera and Felipe Briones were regidores in 1820. Id., i. 117.

19 San José, Arch., MS., iii. 17; Arch. Sta B., MS., xii. 311.

379

MONTEREY DISTRICT.

viously complained that a fanega of grain from each parent was an inadequate salary, wished to give up the school in the autumn of 1820, but was required to wait till a successor could be found, which seems to have been in the spring of 1821, when Rafael del Valle took charge.20 The only other work of public importance to be noticed was the construction of a wagon-road with suitable bridges between San José and Monterey. In November 1816 the authorities and citizens were invited to cooperate and Sergeant José Dolores Pico was appointed to direct the work.21

Lieutenant José María Estudillo was comandante of Monterey22 till ordered to San Diego temporarily in October 1820, when José Estrada, company alférez throughout the decade, became acting comandante of the company, and Captain José Antonio Navarrete of the post whenever in the governor's absence such an official was needed. Estrada was habilitado till 1818, after which to June 1820 the accounts were kept by José Joaquin de la Torre, who had just become a cadet in the company, having been previ- ously the governor's secretary. Down to 1818 Raimundo Estrada had been a cadet. The company sergeants were still Ignacio Vallejo and José Dolores Pico. Manuel Quijano still served as surgeon. The force of this company was usually 81 soldiers and non-commissioned officers, one bleeder, three mechan- ics, five artillerymen, and 28 invalids, most of the latter living at the pueblos but being sometimes called in as volunteers or artillery-militia for the defence of the presidio. Twenty-five men were absent on escolta duty at the six missions of the jurisdiction, leaving a force of about 65 at the presidio proper and at the rancho del rey, a force increased in 1819 to

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History of California, Volume II, Part 38

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 826

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 826