History of California, Volume II, Part 63

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 826

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603

SAN JOSÉ.

kind, and in possession of as much land as they choose to cultivate, they live free from care on the rich prod- uce of their fields and herds."37 Becchey found it, though " the largest settlement of the kind in Upper California, to consist of mud-houses miserably pro- vided in every respect."33 Duhaut-Cilly describes it as a town of eighty houses, and not prosperous; and Robinson speaks of a church, court-house, jail, grist-mill, and about one hundred houses in 1830.33 There are no statistics of agriculture or of commerce that are even tolerably reliable, though the settlers like the missionaries traded to some extent with the vessels and the presidios. There were at this period about 3,000 cattle and 1,200 horses. Ignacio Ortega's rancho of San Isidro and Mariano Castro's Las Animas were, as elsewhere stated, the only ones in the re- gion definitely recorded to have been in private pos- session.40

The village school seems to have been taught by Joaquin Buelna and his brother Antonio in 1821; by a one-legged soldier named Labastida in 1822; and by José Antonio Romero in 1823, and probably for several years later. The salary was fifteen dollars a month from 1823 to 1830.41 The successive visits of Kotzebue, Beechey, and Duhaut-Cilly have been

37 Kotzebue's New Voyage, ii. 180-1. This author erroneously speaks of another pueblo near Mission S. José.

38 Beechey's Voyage, ii. 47.

39 Duhaut-Cilly, Viaggio, ii. 71-2; Robinson's Life in Cal., 72-3. García, Hechos, MS., 22, says he paid for a lot of land, 15 by 300 feet, $100 and a pot of soap in 1828. Boundaries of pueblo lands not very clearly expressed, in Register of Brands, 19. The northern limit seems to have been La Calera and Punta de los Esteros, and the south-western the Puerta de los Capitan- cillos. Above the source of the Guadalupe were six suertes of land, and at Laguna Seca, 4.5 1. off, 10 suertes.

40 In 1822 the governor granted the settlers' petition to be relieved from paying 33 per cent of tallow on account of a failure in crops; thongh he said the people had squandered in vice the abundance of former years. He had made an arrangement with Hartnell & Co. to take their tallow at $2, thus affording them a market. St. Pap. Sac., MS., vi. 49. Duties on produce sold the Sachem in 1824, $143 at 6 per cent. S. José Arch., MS., v. 36. In 1827 the farmers offer to pay grain-tithes in money at $2 per fanega, on account of scarcity. Dept. St. Pap., Pref. y Juzg., MS., vi. 45.

#1 St. Pap., Sac., MS., vi. 32, 48; Dept. St. Pap., MS., ii. 134; Id., s. José, iv. 5-6; Dept. Rec., MS., vii. 151.

604

SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

sufficiently referred to, since none of these travellers met with any noticeable adventures in this region, or devoted more than a few pages to the pueblo and its surroundings. On May 10, 1825, the people assem- bled in the plaza to take an oath of obedience to the federal constitution of Mexico. The oath was admin- istered by Alcalde Higuera, after an address from Juan Miranda; the national code was formally depos- ited in the casa consistorial, and arrangements were made for three days of bull-fighting and other festivi- ties to celebrate so notable an event.42 San José adopted the 'plan' of Joaquin Solis in November 1829, but abandoned his cause as soon as it seemed likely to fail. The pueblo sent a force to Monterey in January 1830 to aid in retaking the capital and restoring the legitimate rulers. 43

Such records as are extant of local affairs at San José, as at Los Angeles, for this decade are largely connected with the municipal government and admin- istration of justice, and I economize space by present- ing the items in fine print. 44 The list of town officials

42 Dept. St. Pap., MS., i. 116-17; S. José, Arch., MS., vi. 22. 43 See chap. iii. of vol. iii., this history.

44 1821. Luis Peralta, comisionado; alcalde, Agustin Narvaez. Ignacio Ortega was juez at his rancho of S. Isidro continuously to 1828 and perhaps later. S. José, Arch., MS., vi. 1, 19. Pio Pico put up a hut of hides and opened a dram-shop, drinks being two bits. The quantity taken at a drink seeming excessive, he introduced the use of ox-horns with false wooden bot- toms, which contained less than the tumbler but were thought by the drink- ers to contain more. These 'horns' had long been used in the south, but were new in the north. Pico, Ilist. Cal., MS., 179.

1822. Peralta on Oct. 22d gave up to the alcalde the archives, etc., of his office, and S. José had no longer a comisionado. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., Iv. 18. Francisco Castro was elected alcalde; and the regidores were Juan Hernandez and Leandro Galindo. Eleven citizens, however, complained to Canónigo Fernandez of Castro's illegal election and arbitrary acts, and he consented to a new election. S. José, Arch., MS., i. 53. The diputacion also decreed the establishment of an ayuntamiento. chap. xxi .; Arch. Misiones, MS., i. 262. Of the result, we only know that Juan Alvires was alcalde from October. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., lv. 18; S. José, Arch., MS., i. 31. In May Gov. Sola had ordered Comisionado Peralta to prevent the scandalous disorders said to be prevalent at the pueblo. One third of the tallow from cattle and deer must be devoted to the building of a prison and casa real. St. Pap. Sac., MS., vi. 46-7. In July Sola issued a kind of sermon and reproof to the alcalde, on the evil ways of the vecinos, their neglect of their lands, failure to clothe their wives and children, their gambling and other vices. All these evils must be rooted out and delinquents punished; and especially any citizen causing scandal in church must have 25 blows in public and a month

605

AFFAIRS AT THE PUEBLO.

is not complete, though more nearly so than that of the preceding decade. There seems to have been in 1822 a conflict respecting the fuero militar of soldier citizens, similar in its nature to that noticed at Los Angeles. A single document gives us no idea of the result, but there was no attempt to continue a comi-

in the stocks. Dept. St. Pap., S. Jos', MS., i. 102-5. The immediate occa- sion of Sola's displeasure and also of the petition against Castro was the evil deeds of one Bernardo Mojica, who failed to attend mass, and stabbed the regidor Hernandez whom the alcalde sent to put him in the guard-house. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., liii. 69-71. Dec. 6th, the ayuntamiento com- plained to the diputacion that the authorities of Monterey had claimed juris- diction over certain persons as inválidos, who were really subject to the civil authority of the pueblo officials. S. José, Arch., MS., i. 51.

1823. Juan Alvires was still alcalde. On July 19th, Gov. Argüello wrote to the alcalde that Antonio Sunol had introduced into the pueblo a quantity of rum and honey to sell at retail, concocting therefrom a drink that was cansing much harm. He called for an investigation. Dept. St. Pap., S. José, MS., iv. S.

1824. Alcalde, Ignacio Pacheco; regidor, Bartolo Bojorges; secretary, Matias Guerrero; síndico, Tiburcio Vasquez. Trial of a citizen for crim. con. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., liv. 18-19.

1825. Alcalde, Joaquin Higuera; Juan Miranda, secretary; Bojorges and José María Flores apparently connected in some way with the municipal gov- ernment. Dec. 9th, complaint against citizens for having bought blankets, etc., from neophytes; with orders from commandant of Monterey that such abuses be corrected; for the Indians, though citizens, could not yet sell what had been given them from the mission stores. S. José, Arch., MS., vi. 24.

1826. No record of members of the ayuntamiento. Antonio Suñol, post- master. Postal revenue $9. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., Ivii. S; lxxxviii. 58. Nov. 13th, Echeandia informs the commandant of Monterey that San Jose belongs to the military jurisdiction of San Francisco. Id., lvii. 20. Dec. 15th, the governor orders an election of ayuntamiento, specifying the method. S. José, Arch., MS., v. 37.

1827. Alcalde, Mariano Castro; regidores, Agustin Narvaez, and Hermene- gildo Vasquez; síndico, Manuel Duarte; secretary, José Antonio Robles, and later Salvio Pacheco. Duarte's accounts showed a deficit of 846, which his bondsman had to pay. St. Pap., Ben., MS., i. 78. A militia artilleryman refused admission to the pueblo on account of immorality in former years. S. José, Arch., MS., vi. 26. Nov. 24th, choice by the ayuntamiento of nine municipal electors, who on Nov. 30th elected the ayuntamiento of 1828. St. Pap., Miss. and Colon., MS., ii. 22-3.

1828. Alcalde, Salvio Pacheco; regidores, Cornelio Bernal and José An- tonio Alviso; sindico, Carlos Castro; secretary, Francisco Sanchez. Miguel Gonzalez de Alava, elector de partido October. July, the alcalde sends to the governor a list of 18 sujetos ragos. Dept. St. Pap., Pref. y Juzq., MS., i. 42. Wm. Willis applied to the governor for a grant of land at Laguna de los Bolbones, and was refused; then he applied to the commandant of S. Fran- cisco who granted the petition; whereupon the governor fined Willis $30 and declared the commandant had no right to grant lands. Hall's Ilist. S. José, 117. Municipal finances: receipts, $297; expenditures, $213. Dept. St. Pap., MS., ii. 76. Criminal process for adultery. Guilty person liberated after a year's imprisonment. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., Ixvi. 61-2.

1820. Alcalde, Florentino Archuleta; síndico, Domingo Peralta; secretary, Salvio Pacheco; postmaster, Antonio Sunol. This year the ayuntamiento

606

SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT.

sionado in office. The citizens, if we may credit the general tone of the records, were distinguished neither for their good order nor for their industrial thrift. In 1826 San José was declared to belong to the mili- tary jurisdiction of San Francisco, as indeed I have always regarded it in my classification for motives of convenience.

sent a petition to the supreme government in Mexico in behalf of the Spanish missionaries. chap. iv. vol. iii. this history. In April three persons were exiled from Monterey to San Jose for theft, vagrancy, and failure to cumplir con la iglesia. S. José, Arch., MS., iii. 10. Municipal receipts for the year, as tax on brandy, $213, of which $17 was paid for stationery and a padlock, and the rest to the secretaries of 1827-8 for salary. Id., vi. 18.

1830. Alcalde, Mariano Castro; síndico, Pedro Chaboya; elector de partido for October election, Luis Peralta, rejected for want of proper credentials.

CHAPTER XXVII.

LOCAL ANNALS-MONTEREY DISTRICT.

1821-1830.

MONTEREY PRESIDIO-MILITARY OFFICERS-FORCE OF THE GARRISON- POPULATION-STATISTICS-BUILDINGS-MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS-OFFICIAL LIST-PETTY EVENTS-PRIVATE RANCHOS OF THE DISTRICT-SAN CARLOS MISSION-STATISTICAL VIEW-MISSION RANCHOS-SAN LUIS OBISPO- PADRE LUIS MARTINEZ-BAD INVESTMENTS-CROPS AND LIVE-STOCK- LANDS-SAN MIGUEL-DEATH OF FATHER MARTIN -STATISTICS OF DECLINE-SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA-JUAN BAUTISTA SANCHO-POPU- LATION AND INDUSTRIES-SOLEDAD MISSION-CHANGES IN MINISTERS- A NEOPHYTE ELECTION -SAN JUAN BAUTISTA-LIFE OF ESTEVAN TAPIS-SANTA CRUZ-RETIREMENT OF OLBÉS-AGRICULTURAL PROS- PERITY-VILLA DE BRANCIFORTE.

THE record of officials and of forces at Monterey for this decade, and especially during the later years, is rather complicated; but may be unravelled with approximate accuracy as follows: Governor Sola until 1822, and Argüello from that time until October 1825 resided at the capital and held the chief military command. Echeandía, as we have seen, made only occasional visits to the capital in 1827-30. Other officials residing here, but belonging to the province and territory rather than the presidial district, were Surgeon Manuel Quijano in 1821-4; José María Herrera, sub-comisario de hacienda, in 1825-7; Man- uel Jimeno Casarin and Antonio María Osio in charge of the revenue department in 1828-30; and finally José María Padrés, adjutant inspector, and Rafael Gomez, asesor or legal adviser, who arrived in 1830. José Antonio Navarrete, captain of the San Blas infantry company, outranked the highest officers of

( 607 )

608

MONTEREY DISTRICT.

the presidial company, and was thus comandante mil- itar until his departure with Sola in 1822; again Cap- tain Miguel Gonzalez of the artillery company was comandante of the post in 1826-8 until his suspension by the governor; and finally lieutenants Romualdo Pacheco and Agustin V. Zamorano, coming up from Santa Bárbara after the Solis revolt, were in com- mand for short periods in 1830,1 though not belonging to the company.

I come now to the presidial company. José María Estudillo, though absent at San Diego in 1820-1, and perhaps at Santa Bárbara in 1822-3, was its lieuten- ant until 1825, and remained from that time to Octo- ber 1826 as comandante of both company and post. José Mariano Estrada, alférez, brevetted lieutenant for gallantry at the time of the Bouchard affair in 1818, and made full lieutenant in 1824 for his services in the Purísima revolt, commanded the company in Estudillo's absence, and the post perhaps for a time after the sus- pension of Gonzalez in 1828-9, in which latter year his name was dropped from the rolls and I suppose he retired from the service. Rodrigo del Pliego suc- ceded Estrada as alférez in 1825, but was absent at Santa Bárbara from August 1827 to August 1830; and in his absence Mariano G. Vallejo, promoted from cadet at the end of 1827, served as alférez in 1828-9, though belonging to the San Francisco company. Vallejo also acted as comandante in 1829. The com- mand in 1830 was held by Pliego after his return from the south. Estrada was habilitado and post- master in 1821-9; Vallejo and Pliego in 1829-30.

1 Of Capt. Navarrete I know nothing beyond his arrival in 1819 in com- mand of the San Blas company, and his departure in November 1822 with Sola, expecting a lieutenant-colonel's commission in Mexico. For what is known of Capt. Gonzalez see Hist. Cal., chap. ii. vol. iii., this series. On Argüello's departure, in November 1825, the officers met and chose Estudillo comandante de armas, a position which he held until Oct. 17, 1826, when by the governor's order he gave it up to Gonzalez. Lient. Estrada was soon after put under arrest by Gonzalez. Dept. St. Pap., MS., i. 108-9; St. Pap., Sac., MS., xiv. 15-16; Vallejo, Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., xxix. 82; Guerra, Doc. Ilist. Cal., MS., v. 99. José Fernandez del Campo, lieutenant of artillery, was also acting comandante for a time in 1829.

COMPANY AND POPULATION.

The company sergeants were: Ignacio Vallejo through- out the decade, though unfit for active duty in later years; José Dolores Pico, in charge of the rancho nacional until about 1827, when he probably died; and Sebastian Rodriguez, in 1828-30. Of municipal officers more a little later. I may add that Father Antonio Menendez came up from San Diego in 1830 to serve as chaplain at thirty dollars a month.2

The presidial cavalry company, with officers and mechanics, decreased from about ninety in 1821 to seventy-five in 1826, after which, in consequence of troubles at the capital, the figures are very contra- dictory, varying radically from one month to another. Many men were discharged temporarily, to get their living as best they could, and to be recalled when needed. The infantry detachment, commanded by Lieutenant Valle after Navarrete's departure in 1822, also declined rapidly in numbers; but the artillery force was considerably increased after 1826. So far as I can determine from the intricate records the force of the Monterey district in 1830 was 60 cavalry with 20 invalids, 20 infantry, and 20 artillery; or a total force of 120, of whom 40 or more were scattered in missions, pueblos, and ranchos.3 The white popu- lation of the district, including Santa Cruz, I put at 950, a gain from 720 during the decade. Nearly half the number were living at the various ranchos.4 There were about 50 foreigners, half of whom may be regarded as permanent settlers. If we add the population of Branciforte, we have a total of 1,100,

2 Leg. Rec., MS., i. 144-5; Dept. Rec., MS., viii. 106.

3 In Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., lix. 14; Ixvii. 2; lxxxvii. 70, the force of the garrison is given as 112, 122, and 128 in 1826-7-9. Some reports put the cavalry company as low as 35 men in 1829-30.

4 Different statements are: 406 for 1824; 790 for 1826-7; 708 for 1828; S67 for 1829; and 978 for 1830. In 1829 the population of Monterey is given as 502, and of the ranchos, 365. St. Pap., Miss., MS., vi. 6. In 1826 there are said to have been 114 at Monterey presidio, besides the military. Dept. St. Pap., MS., i. 131-2. List of 44 foreigners in the jurisdiction in February 1829. Dept. St. Pap., MS., ii. 115. Among the permanent residents of the town were W. E. P. Hartnell, David Spence, J. B. R. Cooper, Geo. Allen, Ed. McIntosh, Wm. Grayback, John Martin, James Wilson, John Littleton, Tim. Murphy, and Geo. Kinlock.

HIST. CAL., VOL. II. 39

610

MONTEREY DISTRICT.

with a neophyte population that had decreased from 4,500 to 3,500. For the two districts of Monterey and San Francisco, or northern California, the total is 1,940 white persons and 8,400 Indians, against 1,465 and 8,900 in 1820, and against 2,310 and 9,600 in the south.5

There were occasional references in 1826-8 to the ruinous condition of various buildings, and even one or two orders for laborers and adobes for repairs, with unknown results. Morrell in 1825 found "the village and presidio of Monterey situated upon a plain which is terminated by a range of wood-crowned heights. The town is about one mile from the landing; being as is usual with the Californian missions, surrounded by a wall of ten feet in height, built of free-stone, and enclosing about two hundred houses. There are also one church and a nunnery. The residence of the governor, his excellency Don Miguel Gonzalez, is a very handsome edifice"! Beechey, from whom Mor- rell took such part of his own matter as is not absurdly inaccurate, says "the presidio is in better condition than that of San Francisco; still as a place of defence it is quite useless." ,Duhaut-Cilly, coming in March 1827, says: "Whoever should arrive at Monterey ex-

5 For company rolls and statistics of finance, etc., see Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., lv .- lxxii .; lxxxviii .; Vallejo, Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., i. 103; xix. 43; xx. 175, 187; xvii. 53; St. Pap., Sac., MS., iv. 10, 19; vi. 42; x. 5, 8; xii. 10; xiii. 6-20; Dept. St. Pap., MS., x. 1-3; xi. 2; xx. 296; Dept. Rec., MS., i. 198-9; vil. 77; xi. 63, 66; Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Com. and Treas., MS., iii. 44, 83; Id., Cust. H., i. 28-31; Monterey, Cuentas de la Comp., MS., i. Financial items: receipts from customs, 1820 to 1825, $52,867. See also lists of vessels and commercial items for each year in other chapters. Pay- roll from $23,000 to $16,000 per year. Amounts due to persons discharged or dead, $2,800 to $6,000. Deducted from pay for funds of Montepio and Invalidos, $650 to $450 per year. Amount paid to the revolted troops in 1829, $2,809. Specimen monthly account-of which only a few exist-for November 1827: balance from Oct., $777. Anchorage of two vessels, $20; ton- nage on Andes, $430; duties from Franklin, $299; internacion duty on butter, $19; loans, $954; cattle from rancho nacional, $40; stamped paper, mails, and tobacco, $25; supplies from S. Juan, $412; total, $2,975. Expenditures, $2,632; balance, $343. Postal revenue about $6 per month. Tobacco, $12 in May, and $27 in July 1827; no other records. Tithes, 1820-4, $1,965. Stamped paper, 1827, $3 to $8 per month. Proceeds of rancho nacional, $468 in 1821, $144 in July 1827. At the end of 1827 the presidio according to one .record owed the seven missions only $2,224 for supplies since 1820.

611

PRESIDIO AND TOWN.

peeting to see a considerable town, would suppose he had made a mistake about the anchorage. The first buildings seen on rounding Point Pinos are those of the presidio which present a quadrangle of two hun- dred yards, and which, being of a single story, resemble long warchouses covered with tiles. On the right of the presidio, on a little verdant plain are seen some forty scattered houses of quite a pretty appearance, also covered with tiles and whitewashed. This, with a few straw huts, is what constitutes the capital city of Alta California." This navigator gives us a view of the town as it appeared from the water, and notes that the houses outside of the walls be- longed chiefly to foreigners.6

Municipal affairs, for Monterey was now a town, demand some attention at this time. In 1820 there seems to have been issued an order on the formation of an ayuntamiento for purposes largely experimental; but save that Teodosio Flores is mentioned as alcalde in that year, Mariano Soberanes in 1823, and Juan Alvires in 1826, we know nothing of the results. In May 1826 fifteen citizens petitioned the governor for the appointment of a judge to have eivil jurisdiction over the one hundred and fourteen citizens not con- neeted with the army. The governor's action is not recorded; but in December an election was held and a full ayuntamiento, the names of whose members are known, served each year from 1827 to 1830. In December 1828 this body issued a series of municipal regulations for the preservation of good order in the

6 Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., lxii. 24; lviii. 1; Dept. Rec., MS., vi. 204; St. Pap. Sac., MS., xiv. 19; Morrell's Narrative, 207-8; Brechey's Voy- age, ii. 85-6; Duhaut-Cilly, Viaggio, i. 252-64; ii. 94-5. The cut does not show so large a number of buildings as the author mentions. The armament in 1830 was 7 brass and 13 iron guns of 4 to 8 pounds calibre. Pattie was here in 1828-30, Narrative, 206, 222, etc., but gives no descriptive matter. In the inventory of naval property turned over by Herrera to Estrada in Oct. 1827, Vallejo, Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., xix. 43-4, there are mentioned a new house near the landing of timber, mud, and tiles, with two rooms used for storehouse and for the guard, a wood and tule hut near by for the sailors, a shed to protect boats, and two boats with oars, etc. The documents give also a list of miscellaneous articles belonging to the postoffice and presidio.

612

MONTEREY DISTRICT.

town; and in July 1830 the territorial diputacion took up the matter and proceeded to designate the extent and boundaries of the town lands.7

7 May 8, 1826, petition for the appointment of an alcalde. The 15 peti- tioners were José Tiburcio Castro, Miguel Gonzalez, Mariano Soberanes, Ino- cente García, Nicolás Alviso, Feliciano Soberanes, José Antonio Romero, Juan María Meligen (Mulligan), José Ignacio Taforó, Ramon Antonio Navar- rete, Faustino German by Juan Buelna, Raimundo de la Torre, José Joaquin de la Torre, Juan Alvires, alcalde, in Dept. St. Pap., MS., i. 131-2.

1827. Ayuntamiento elected Dec. 1826, and installed by Lieut. Estrada April 19, 1827; alcalde, José (T.) Castro; regidores, José Ignacio Taforó and Antonio Fernandez; síndico, Mariano Soberanes. Ashley's Documents, MS., 1-2; Dept. St. Pap., San José, MS., v. ii. Account of the síndico, Mariano Soberanes, of dues on liquors, timber, and wood, collected by Santiago Moreno, depositario, from July to November, $737. Dep. St. Pap., MS., ii. 46-8. Tax on liquors for May, $80. Dept. St. Pap. Ben. Mil., MS., Ixii 12.

1828. Alcalde, Juan José de Soria; regidores, Antonio Fernandez and Francisco Cázares; síndico, Santiago Moreno; Secretario, José Castro. Dec. 6th, Monterey, Ordenanzas Municipales espedidas por el Ayuntamiento, MS. Art. 1. Church duties must be strictly performed; nor must any one leave church when the sermon begins, as is customary. Art. 2. Liquor not to be sold on dias festivos before mass, nor after the drum-beat at night; fine, $4, $6, $8, and confiscation of liquor. Art. 3. Every kind of game of hazard pro- hibited; penalty, imprisonment at hard work; or fine of $5, $10, etc., for having a game in one's house. Art. 4. No offensive weapons to be carried. Art. 5. A drunken man 'scandalizing the pueblo' will have 15 days of obras públicas the first time; 30 days the second; and the third, 'whatever the judge may deem proper.' Art. 6. No person to be out of his house after the hour of la queda, except for urgent necessity; penalty, eight days of arrest. Art. 7. Fine of $6 for taking a horse without the owner's consent. Art. S. No person can have company in his house after la queda without previous consent of the ayuntamiento. Art. 9. Debts for liquor and gambling cannot be legally col- lected. Art. 10. Suit for money can be instituted from 8 to 11.30 A. M., and from 3 to 7 P. M., except on feast-days. Art. 11. Indian servants must be called home at la queda, and employers will be responsible for their doings. Art. 12. Entering taverns or houses on horseback strictly prohibited; fine of $1, $2, $3. Art. 13. Discharge of firearms from evening prayers to the re- veillé, or within the town at any hour, prohibited; fine, $1, $2, $3. Art. 14. Any person who will not work will be considered as a vagrant, and employed on the public works. Art. 15. No person shall take any article in pawn, 'since it is a way of robbing with usury.' These regulations apply to all persons not engaged in actual military service. Municipal finances for 1828: Receipts, $1,716; expenditures, $537. Dept. St. Pap., MS., ii. 76; Dept. Rec., MS., vii. 47.

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History of California, Volume II, Part 63

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 826

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 826