USA > Indiana > Jay County > Historical hand-atlas, illustrated : containing twelve farm maps, and History of Jay County, Indiana > Part 12
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
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SCALE OF STATUTE MILES.
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20
30
40
50
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Longitude Eust from Washington
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Map of Maine.
49
89
9
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50
GENERAL VIEW OF THE WORLD.
America, and the various British colonies, comprising Hindoos, Persians, Caucasians proper, Sclavonians, Teutons, and Celts. This is by far the most highly developed of the races of mankind, and includes all the progressive and civilized nations of the modern world. (2) The Syro-Arabic, occupying Arabia and North Africa, and comprising Syrians, Arabs, Nubians, Copts, Berbers, and Moors. (3) The Indo European mixed races, com- prising the Mexicans, Peruvians, and Brazilians. Tho number of the Caucasian race is estimated at 626,500,000 .- The Mongolian race occupies the whole of Asia except the southwestern parts, extending also along tho northern parts of Europe and America, and embraces, in Asia, the Chinese, Indo-Chinese, Tibetans, Japanese, Mongols, Turks, Tungusians, Koriaks, Kamtchatdales, Chukchees, Yukkajiri, and Samoides; in Europe, tho Finns, and Lapps; and in America and Greenland, the Esquimaux. Their estimated number is ahout 460,000,000. - The Malay race inhabits Malaysia, or tho East-Indian Archipelago, Madagascar, and the Isles of the Pacific, comprising the Malays propor, the Hawaians, the Tahitians, and the Maoris. Their estimated number is 36,000,000 .- The Ethiopian, or Negro race, inhabits the greater part of Africa, and comprises the almost innumerablo African trihes, tbe Papuan Negroes who inhahit New Guinea and New Caledonia, and the Australians, The estimated number of the wbole Negro race is 129,000,000 .- The American or Indian race
still occupy immense tracts of North and South America, em- hracing many families and trihes, from the Chippeways of the North to the Patagonians and Fuegians of the extremo South, Their numbers are cstimated at 14,000,000 or 15,000,000, but are said to be rapidly decreasing.
Religions of the World .- Thore are upwards of eleven bun- dred different creeds professed among mankind; but these are genorally classified into four or five great divisions, as Christians, Jews, Mohammedans, and Heatbens. The latest reliable estimate of the number of adherents of the principal religions at the present time, is as follows :
PROTESTANTS .
. 98,139,000
ROMAN CATHOLICS
. 195,000,000
GREEK AND OTHER ORIENTAL CHURCHES
76,492,000
MOHAMMEOANS
, 160,000,000
BUDDHISTS
, 340,000,000
BRAHMINISTS AND OTHER ASIATIO RELIGIONS . 260,000,000
PAOANS .
.
. .
6,000,000
1,335,631,000
According to this estimate the total population of tho world at tbe present time is 1,335,631,000.
GEOGRAPHICAL TABLES, CONTAINING ALL THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLO, WITH AREA ANO POPULATION. CONTINENTS. Square Miles, Population. Square Miles.
Square Miles. Population.
Ecuador
218,984
1,300,000
Ohio
39,904
2,065,280
Australian
..
.. . 3,000,000
1,250,000
..
--
175,000
5,215,000
Oldenburg
2,400
815,828
Eastern
__ 31,375,000 1,092,000,000
Englaud
50,922
18,954,444
Ontario, Province of
121,280
1,390,091
Western
--
__ 15,000,000
81,000,000
Ethiopia
2,500,000
4,000,000
Orange River Republic
34,000
50,000
GRAND DIVISIONS.
Fezzan
150,000
75,000
Palestine
187,748
Paraguay
..
300,000
30,000
Asia
--
--
.. 10,135,000
French Empire
777,750
41,862,860
Pennsylvania
46,000
3,521,791
Europe
--
--
3,840,000
292,000,000
French Guiana
35,080
24,951
Persia -.
--
510,000
3,400,000
Georgia (Asia)
12,800
300,000
Portugal
34,502
3,829,618
Soutb America
--
-- 7,000,000
27,000,000
CHIEF POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.
Abyssinia
153,392
3,000,000 Guinea
Afghanistan ..
258,590
4,000,000
Alabama
50,722
990,992
Hindostan
1,450,000
190,000,000
Russia (European)
2,169,768
00,774,090
Alaska ..
--
577,990
54,000
Holland
12,080
3,452,069
Russian Empire
8,033,970
78,831,032
Algeria
--
258,317
2,921,240
Houduras
47,092
350,000
Sahara
2,436,400
4,000,000 7,303
Andorra
150
12,000
Hudson Bay Territory
2,500,000
180,000
San Salvador
7,335
600,000
Angola
2,000,000
Hungary
81,770
11,180,048
Saxe Altenburg
510
141,426
Anhalt
1,020
197,041
Idaho ..
--
88,294
14,999
Saxe Coburg-Gotha
760
108,851
Argentine Confederation
820,000
1,840,000 India
..
2,350,000
212,000,000
Saxe Weimer
1,404
282,928
Arizona
113,910
0,058
Indiana
33,809
1,680,837
Saxony
5,779
2,423,401
Arkansas
52,198
484,471
Indian Territory
03,991
110,000
Schaumburg Lippe ..
171
31,186
Ashantee
00,000
3,000,000
Indo-China
..
900,000
23,000,000
Schwarzburg Rudolstadt
374
75,116
Asia Minor
207,051
10,800,000
Iowa
..
55,045
1,191,792
332
67,533
Austria
240,381
35,043,592
32,512
5,798,967
30,685
3,062,294
Baden ..
5,870
1,434,970
Italy --
17,008
25,635
Japan .
8,421,000
Kansas
81,318
364,399
Siberia
37,680
1,321,011
Sierra Leone ..
465
41,624
Bavaria
29,293
4,824,421
Kirgbeez Country
2,200,000
Sleswick-Holstein
0,820
981,718
Belgium
4,961,044
Kordofan
Labrador
Liberia
25,000
258,000
191,123
16,190,000
Birmah
100,517
4,000,000
Liechtenstein
63
8,320
8,670
1,137,748
Bohemia
20,064
5,140,156
Lippe Detmold
438
111,352
170,516
4,153,757
Bolivia
535,769
2,056,368
Louisiana
41,346
726,015
Switzerland
15,722
2,510,494
Bootan
64,500
1,500,000
Luxemburg
..
999
199,058
140,125
2,750,000
Brazil
3,231,000
10,058,000
Maine ..
Mantcbooria
Maryland
11,124
780,894
Thibet
652,000
11,000,000
British Empire
9,450,000
185,000,000
Massachusetts
7,800
1,557,35€
74,050
120,000
British Guiana
99,925
155,020
Mecklenburg Schwerin
4,190
560,618 98,770
Tripoli
701,683
8,743,614
Tunis
56,451
1,184,059
Turkestan
430,700
Turkey (Asiatic)
672,575
16,463,000
Cape Colony ..
--
195,877
2,090,635
Missouri
Mongolia
1,600,000
3,000,000
Tyrol
11,325
885,406
China Proper
1,500,000
420,000,000
Montana
143,776
20,595
United States of America ..
3,011,849
38,710,983
Chinese Empire
4,500,000
446,000,000
Moravia
8,584
2,030,783
480,000
2,020,500
Cimbebas
175,000 40,000
050,000
Natal Colony
20,62
157,583
Uruguay
Utah
..
--
84,476
80,780
Columbia, District of
60
131,700
Nevada
1 2,090
42,491
Vermont
..
368,235
2,200,000
Connecticut
4,750
537,454
New Brunswick
27,105
252,047
Virginia
.-
38,352
1,225,183
Dahomey
--
150,932
14,181
New York
47,000
4,382,759
West Virginia
Wisconsin
--
..
53,924
1,054,670
Delaware
--
..
2.120
125,015
Norway
--
--
122,291
1,701,750 Wyoming
--
07,883
0.118
Denmark
14,698
1,783,565
Nova Scotia
18,071
882,204
Zoolu Country
..
02,030
440,000
--
8,000,000
54,000,000
Galicia
80,314
5,444,016
Peru
1,184,109
Prussia
148,329
26,700,118
German Empire
204,591
38,509,863
Quebec, Province of Reuss (older line)
210,000
1,110,064
Greece __
19,353
1,348,522
145
43,889
Guatemala
44,778
1,180,000
Reuss (younger line) Rbode Island
320
88,097
Hesse Darmstadt
1,089
505,659
Russia (Asiatio)
5,913,202
8,556,843
Anam .-
108,043
0,000,000
Hottentot Country
175,000
San Marino
22
Arabia ..
1,026,640
4,000,000
Illinois
.. ..
55,410
2,539,891
Saxe Meiningen
..
5,829,611
5,441,178
Barca ..
60,000
250,000
Kentucky
500,000
Soudan
1,800,000
38,800,000
Beloochistan ..
165,838
2,000,000
170,000
5,000
South Carolina
34,000
705,606
Spain --
Trans-vaal Republic Transylvania ..
21,038
2,122 458
Brunswick
1,425
303,799
Caffraria
15,995
100,000
California
188,931
560,247
Michigan
8,091,000
Minnesota
501,470
Mississippi
47,156
827,923
Turkey (European) ..
199,210
10,437,510
05,350
1,741,295
Tuscany
8,598
1,826,334
Colombia, United States of Colorado
480,000
104,500
39,884
Nepaul
53,000
2,000,000
Corea
--
21,495
135,000
New Jersey
--
906,090
Wales ..
91,874
Washington Territory
70,000
23,955
Dakota
..
4,940
488,781
Nicaragua
58,189
Danish America
..
..
799,750
78,867
North Carolina
..
..
50,704
1,071,361
Wurtemberg ..
7,532
1,778,396
--
4,500,000
21,000,000
Dutch Guiana
-- 59,800
57,032
Nubia
320,000
1,000,000
Africa ..
..
-- 11,400,000
100,000,000
France
190,905
22,000,000
Oregon
95,274
90,923
Florida
50;268
35,471,014
Patagonia
562,345
5,000,000
North America
Oceanica
Georgia (U. S.)
58,000
050,000
1,300
217,353
Schwarzburg Sondersbausen Scotland
28,489,338
Senegambia ..
35,000,000
..
309,024
6,298,998
Barbary States
903,000
Benguela
58,250
1,880,000
1,258,520
British America
3,300,000
3,000,000
Texas ..
274,350
818,579
British Columbia
214,000
3,017,500 73,000
Mecklenburg Strelitz Mexico
1,052
425,000
2,000,000
Canada, Dominion of
377,030 192,834
Chili
--
182,824
2,146,303
Morocco
260,000
2,750,000
United States of Columbia. Upper Hesse __
1,280
257,479
Circassia
387,421
2,920,500
Nebraska
75,995
122,993
Venezuela
88,000
9,000,000
New Hampshire
9,280
318,300
Waldeck
433
58,807
Costa Rica
4.000
180,000
New Mexico
121,201
8,320
7.898
1,111,780
Dalmatia
23,000
442,014
400,000
--
46,000
640,456
7,870,000
83,531
Syria
35,000
620,915
Tennessee
45,600
600,000
250,000
Balize ..
140,399
Siam
300,000
11,373
100,000
Styria ..
Sweden
956
180,335
Fartber India
900,000
11,000
84,000
1,000,000
JEWS
.
·
. 200,000,000
Papulation,
--
134,420
Central America
--
71,755
10,212
330,551
Ireland
114,295
700,000,000
Egypt ..
THE UNITED STATES.
T HE United States of America lie between latitudes 24deg. 20min. and 49deg. north, and longitudos 10deg. 14min. east and 48deg. 30min. west, from Washington, or 66deg. 48min. and 125deg. 32min. west, from Greenwich. They are bounded on the north hy British North America, east by New Brunswick, south hy tho Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Mexico, and west by the Pacific Ocean.
The United States are divided into four great sections : 1st, the Atlantic slope; 2d, the vast basin of the Mississippi and Missouri ; 3d, tho country between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada ; and 4th, tho Pacific slope. These divisions are formed hy three mountain ranges -the Appalachian chain towards the east, the Rocky Mountains in the center, and the Sierra Nevada on the west. The Appalachian or Alleghany chain is more romark- ahle for length than height ; it cxteuds from the State of Missis- sippi, northeast, through the States of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont, for about 1,200 miles, at a variable distance of from 70 to 300 miles from the Atlantic, and consists of several parallel ranges of an average aggregate hreadth of about 100 miles. The mean height of the Alleghanies is not more than from 2,000 to 3,000 feet, about half of which consists of the elevation of the mountains ahove the adjacent plain, and the rest of the elevation of the latter ahove the sea. The Whito Mountains, in New Hampshire, which helong to this chain, reach a height of ahove 7,000 feet. The Black Mountain, in North Carolina, is said to rise 6,476 feet above the sea ; and other summits reach 6,000 feet and upwards. The Rocky Mountains are a prolongation of the great Mexican Cordil- lera. Their average height may he about 8,500 feet above the ocean, but some of their summits attain to from 12,000 to over 15,000 feet. Ahout 10deg. or 12deg. west from the Rocky Mount- ains is the great coast chain of the Sierra Nevada, or Snowy Mountains, which extends, under different names and with different altitudes, from the Peninsula of California to Alaska. It is of still greater elevation than the Rocky Mountains; some of its passes (within the United States) heing ahout 9,000 feet, and some of its summits 15,500 feet above the level of the sea. The region between these two vast mountain ranges comprises the eastern and most extensive and sterile portion of Oregon ; the great inland hasin of Upper California, elevated from 4,000 to 5,000 feet above the Pacific, and mostly a desert ; and the country drained hy the great river, the Colorado, and its affluents. West of the Sierra Nevada is the Pacific slope. The portion of the basin of the Mississippi and Missouri, on their right hank, is hy far the most extensive. It comprises, 1st, a tract of low, flat, alluvial, and well- wooded land, lying along the rivers, and stretching inwards from 100 to 200 miles or more; and 2d, the prairie and wild region, extending from 'that last mentioned, hy a pretty equal ascent, to the Rocky Mountains. The prairies are of immense extent, but they are not, as is commonly supposed, level. Their surface is rolling or billowy, sometimes swelling into very considerable beights. They are covered with long, rank grass, being inter- spersed in Texas and the Southern States with elumps of magnolia, tulip, and cotton trees, and in the Northern States with oak and black walnut. The prairies gradually diminish in beauty and verdure as they stretch towards the west, and become more elevated, till at length they imperceptibly unite with and lose themselves in a desert zone or belt skirting the foot of the Rocky Mountains. In the south this desert belt is not less than from 400 to 500 miles in width, but it diminishes in hreadth in the more northerly latitudes. The Pacific slope, comprising the country west of the Sierra Nevada, includes California and the best and most fertile portion of Oregon and Washington Territory. Like the Atlantic coast it is, for the most part, heavily timhered.
Rivers, Lakes, and Bays .- The rivers of the United States are of prodigious magnitude and importance. Of those flowing south and east, the principal are the Mississippi and Missouri, which, with their tributaries, the Ohio, Arkansas, and Red River, give to tbe interior of the United States an extent of inland navigation, and a facility of communication unequaled, perhaps, and certainly not surpassed, in any other country. The Alabama and Appa- lachicola flow, like the Mississippi, into the Gulf of Mexico ; the Alatamaha, Savannah, Roanoke, Potomac, Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson, Connecticut, and Penobscot, into the Atlantic; and the Oswego, Cuyahoga, and Maumee, into the great lakes of the St. Lawrence hasin. Of the rivers which have their sources west of the ridge of the Rocky Mountains, and their embouchure in the Pacific, or in some of its arms, the principal are the Columbia, which falls into the Pacific; the San Joaquin and Sacramento, which fall into the great Bay of San Francisco, and the Colorado,
which, with its tributaries, after draining a vast extent of country, falls into the Gulf of California.
Next to the great lakes Superior and Michigan, in the basin of tbe St. Lawrenco, the largest lake within the limit of the United States is the Great Salt Lake, in the Territory of Utah, in about 41deg. north latitude, and 113 west longitude. Lake Champlain, between New York and Vermont, is also of considerahle dimen- sions. Numerous small Jakes occur in New York, Maine, and especially in Wisconsin and the Minnesota region.
The coast of the Atlantic is indented hy many noble bays, as those of Passamaquoddy, Massachusetts, Delaware, and Chesa- peake ; and several extensive and sheltered inlets are formed by the islands off the coast, the principal of which are Long Island Sound, near New York, and Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, in North Carolina. The coast of the Gulf of Mexico has, also, many valuable inlets and hack-wators; and there are some, though fewer, on the shores of the great lakes. The great Bay of San Francisco, in California, on the Pacific, is one of the finest hasins anywhere to be met with. Altogether, the United States are furnished with somo of the hest harbors in the world.
Geology and Mineralogy .- The White Mountains consist of granite, which is also very prevalent in the greater part of New Hampshire and Maine. The Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada consist principally of granite intermixed with volcanic mat- ter. Sienite, porphyry, and greenstone occur in the northwest part of the Appalachian chain ; gneiss forms the upper regions in New York and New Jersey ; most of the mountain summits south of the Juniata River consist of feucoidal sandstone ; and talcose mica, chlorite, and other slates, with crystalline limestone and serpentine, lie along the west side of the primary helt, in the middle and south parts of the Union. Blue limestone, red sandstone, shales, anthracite, coal-measures, and other transition formations, flank these rocks in many places. Secondary strata occupy by far the largest portion of the United States; but no strata corresponding in date with the new red sandstone or oolitic groups of Europe appear to be present. Tertiary formations, many of which ahound with fossil remains, have been found in many parts of the Atlantic slope, in Alabama, and in the southern part of the Mississippi basin ; but they seem to he almost exclusively confined to those regions. The most extensive and remarkable alluvial tract is that around the mouth of the Mississippi. West of the Appalachian chain vast series of coal-heds stretch from the mountains westward through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and parts of Kentucky and Alabama, into the State of Missouri, and even as far as 200 miles beyond the Mississippi. Anthracite coal, or that hest suited for manufactures, lies at the northern extremity of this great field, in Pennsylvania, and in the western part of Virginia, the eastern part of Ohio, and Illinois. The heds of Pennsylvania likewise con- tain immense and apparently inexhaustihle stores of mineral oil, or petroleum. Numerous salt springs exist in Now York, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the Western States. Iron is distributed most abundantly through the coal measures in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Tennessee, and Missouri, where the ore contains from 25 to 33 per cent. of metal. It also abounds in the North western States, and in one part of Vermont the ore is said to yield 78 per cent. iron. A large proportion of the ore found in this part of the Union is magnetic. Lead is next in importance: it is found in various places, especially in Missouri, Wisconsin, and Illinois, and in some of the Western Territories. In some parts of Wisconsin the lead ore is so very rich as to yield from 60 to 70 per cent. of lead. Copper has been found in large deposits in the State of Michigan, in the peninsula which stretches into Lake Superior. Immense sheets, or walls, of native copper occur in some of the mines in this district ; and it is a curious fact that, though ouly recently re discovered, they had evidently heen opened and wrought at a remote period by the ancient inhabitants of America. Gold has heen found in small quantities in certain parts of Virginia, both Carolinas, Georgia, and Tennessee, and on a large scale in the rivers and ravines at the foot of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, in California. The richest silver mines in the world are in Nevada and the Territory of Wyoming. Quicksilver, copper, zinc, manganese, with lime and building-stone, constitute the other chief mineral products. Substances of volcanio origin appear to he rarely, if ever, found in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains.
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