USA > Indiana > Jay County > Historical hand-atlas, illustrated : containing twelve farm maps, and History of Jay County, Indiana > Part 6
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Scale of Statute Miles.
0 5 10
20
30
40
60
70
80
100
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12º
14° Longitude East from Washington
16"
172
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Longitude west from Greenwich
25
28
29
17
18
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26
THE BIBLE VERIFIED.
not take of thee a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations; but thou shall he desolated forever, saith the Lord."
Another of these witnesses is the Tower of Babel, wbich for size and interest is scarcely exceeded by the pyramids of Egypt, while its history extends far back of them, making it the oldest historic monument known to man | Its ruins to-day are a mnajestie pile 700 feet in diameter and 250 feet high. It is found to have been built of the finest burnt brick, and laid with mortar, or cement so tenacious that the bricks are often moro easily broken than separated, Dr. Newman says, " The most eminent antiqua- rians in Babylonian researches regard this ruin as the Tower of Babel," Moses was the first to record the facts of its history, hut it has been described by others also, secular historians, Herodotus, Pliny, Straho, and their statements have been confirmed by more modern travelers, as Rich, Buckingham and Layard, and by the latest and most distinguished explorers of our own day. The record of Moses in regard to the Tower of Babel is so brief and concise that it may here be given in full : "And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech, And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make hrick and burn them thoroughly. And they had hrick for stone and slime for mortar. And they said, Go to, let us huild a eity and a tower, whose top may reach unto heavon ; and let us make us a name, lest we he scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. And the Lord said, Behold the people is one, and they have all one lan- guage; and this they begin to do; and now nothing will he restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. So the Lord scattered them ahroad from thence upon the face of all the earth : and they left off to build the eity. Therefore is the name of it called Babel; hecause there the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth. And from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth."
Other Confirmations .- These statements of the inspired pen- man are conhrmed by the writers cited, and others, and also by many important facts disclosed in this age hy the very latest researches. Only a few of these can here be given, and those the briefest reference. This region is conceded to be the original plain of Shinar; there are no stone quarries in all this seetion, but of the soil of mixed elay and sand they make bricks as hard as stone, and this whether they are " hurned thoroughly" in kiln or in the sun; hitumen is found in that vicinity which makes the cement, or "slime," for mortar; the names "Babel " and " Nim- rod" are familiar among the people there ; scholars very generally agree that Nimrod began to build this tower, confirming the Bible record ; "And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel," One of the latest travelers there sat on the summit of this mound and read the history of it as written by Moses, saw its literal fulfill- ment, and gave expression to his thoughts in these words: "What memories they recall! The wanderings of the descendents of Noah; the ambition and kingship of Nimrod; the high resolve to huild a tower which no flood eould submerge; the displeasure of the Lord; the confusion of tongues ; the dispersion of the people; the lapse of ages which followed ; the completion of the tower by Nebuchadnezzar; its vast proportions and unrivaled magnificence; its destruction hy Xerxes : the desire of Alexander to restore it to its former glory ; its subsequent desolation for two thousand years, a lair for the lion and a den for the leopard; and its present imposing aspect, seen by the traveler of to-day, as seen hy Alexan- der and Xerxes three hundred years before the christian cra." The conclusion reached by this tourist is irresistible, that whoever was the builder of this tower, at whatever time it was constructed, and for whatever purpose it was reared, two faets are significant : there is no other such ruin in the land of Shinar; and, if this is not the Tower of Babel, it is a ruin without a name, and whose history is lost in the distant past.
Birs Nimroud .- This tower, or the majestic ruins of what was once the tower, is now ealled "Birs Nimroud" by the Arabs, in honor of the "mighty hunter before the Lord." The objeet of the builders seems to have been a safe retreat in ease of another deluge; yet it afterward served the purposes of a burying place of royalty, a temple for the worship of Belus, and an observatory for the Chaldean astronomers. As the sacred temple of the god Belus, it was probably the repository of " the gold and silver vessels which Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem."
But volumes might be written on the glory of aneient Babylon and its present fallen condition. A prophecy of the unfailing Word said, " Babylon shall hecome heaps, a dwelling place for dragons, an astonishment, and a hissing, without an inliahitant,"
and the travelcr in that land to-day finds "heaps" where once that mighty city stood.
The same interest attaches to the bistory of Nineveh, to the towns connected with the Bible account of Abraham, and all the lands of the exile, as woll as Babylon and the royal palaco of Chaldea's kings at Shushan. These places, traced upon the map hereafter mentioned, carry with their very name a power to awaken thought and stir the soul, and give a zest to read all that can be known of this tragie land.
Egypt .- Turning to Egypt, we find that it bears as important a part in Bible history, And this because of its being the dwell- ing-place of Israel for over two hundred years, and the marvelous events of the exodus, and also of the temporary sojourn of the infant Jesus, with Joseph and Mary, and other ovents of Scripture history.
Nile .- Its greatest natural wonder is the Nile, whether we con- sider its sources, which are being sought to the present day, its length, its delta, its singular overflow and consequent utility, or the astounding events along its shores, The title given it by a celebrated traveler and author, "A river of the North under a Southern sun," indicates a character which marks it as one of the most famous rivers of tho world. Its sourees and its length are not yet satisfactorily aseertained, although the recent explorations of travelers, especially of IIenry Stanley, have opened to the world a new history of the Nile, and of the country through which it flows. That part of it connected with Bihle history and the exodus of Israel are well known, At an ordinary stage of water the Nile has not sufficient depth of water for vessels above the smallest size; but during the inundation the depth of water is forty feet, and the largest vessels can ascend to Cairo. In the latter part of June the mountain waters of Abyssinia, and other sources, hegin to arrive, and tho river continues to rise until the end of September, when it has attained its maximum. This height is retained about two weeks, during which the entire land is con- verted into a red, muddy sea, while the only prominent objects above the waste of waters are the towns, date trees, and the dikes, which latter serve as foot-paths for those who travel by land. This condition of the country is referred to by the prophet Amos (VIII., 8) when he uses a strong figure for the overthrow of Israel.
Inundation .- What would he regarded by other nations as a general calamity, a general inundation of the country, is the dis- tinguishing blessing of Egypt, where rain seldom falls; and the blessings of the season are measured by the height of the overflow, except occasionally an unusual rise causes great damage to the land. The nilometer, which measures the height of the waters, is a gauge of the dispensations of Providence for that season, and a rise of about twenty-four feet marks the standard of blessing. Six feet above this standard, injury ensues; as many below, the harvests fail and Egypt suffers a famine. The water of the river is charged with mud, which is deposited during the inundation over the tillable portions of the country to an average depth of about one-twentieth part of an inch each year. This is most beautifully referred to in the latter half of the sixty-fifth Psalm. Notwithstanding its waters are so turbid, they, strangely, are sweet and wholesome, and are freely drunk by the people, among whom the saying is proverhial that he who has drunk of the waters of the Nile will always want to return and drink again. This fact gives peculiar force to what was said concerning the plague of blood : "The Egyptians shall loathe to drink of the water of the river,"
When the waters subside, the wet, black soil is sown with all possible alaerity, and is soon covered with a luxuriant growth of herhage, ripening into golden harvests to reward the sower's toil, furnishing " seed to the sower and bread to the eater," and illus- trating the beautiful promise of the Seripture in reference to the rewards of charity, "Cast thy bread (seed) upon the waters, for thou shalt find it after many days."
Irrigation .- The overflow of the "river of Egypt" is beneficial to the country in two respects : the rich slime is deposited on the surface of the land, rendering it highly fertile; and the canals and pools are filled with water, by which the higher grounds are irrigated during the ensuing spring. The manner in which irriga- tion is performed is usually hy a wheel or endless helt connected with a series of buekets, after the manner of grain elevators, and worked either by animals or the feet of men. This explains the meaning of Moses when he says to the Israelites, "Tbe land whither thou goest to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt whence ye eame out, where thou sowedst thy seed and wateredst it with thy foot, as a garden of herhs : but the land whither ye go to possess it, is a land of hills and valleys, and drinkest water of tho rain of heaven."
Fixed Evidence,-Both the history of Moses and the ancient monuments still existing in Egypt, show that agriculture, legisla- tion, and the arts and seienees had then reached quite a high
27
THE BIBLE VERIFIED-Continued.
degrec of perfection. Great buildings hearing tbe inscription, "No native has heen ongaged in its construction," testified to the pride of the Pharaohs. Tho Israelites, who should have enjoyed the hospitality guaranteed them hy the law of hospitality to strangers, were treated as slaves, and divine Providence has so ordered it that the imprint of their oppression may be seen upon their monu- ments to this day. There is to-day to he seen, among the ancient sepulchres of Beni-Hassan, a representation of the lahors of the Israelites, and in thesc ligures the characteristie differences between their features and those of the Egyptians is very apparent.
Pyramids .- A reference to Egypt would not he complete without alluding to those gigantic monuments of pride and amhi- tion, the Pyramids. They are ahout seventy in numher, and have inspired the wonder and admiration of the world in all ages of their history. They are at once the oldest, heing huilt ahout 2,500 years B. C., and the largest standing structures of antiquity, the largest covering ahout thirteen acres, and heing originally ahout five hundred feet high. It is now no longer doubted that they were designed to serve the two-fold purpose of royal sepulchres and to preserve the name and honor of the kings to future genera- tions. Each king of Egypt seems to have hegun his reign hy erecting his pyramid sepulchre, and the length of his reign may often he ascertained hy the degree of completion to which his work arrived, for it stopped at his death and another was begun. There is supposed to he in Job III, 14, a reference, the only allu- sion in the Bible, to the pyramids. They stand in the vicinity of Memphis, near Cairo, too high to he covered by the drifting sands, too strong to he torn down, too heavy to be carried away, as have heen Egypt's obelisks to adorn tbe cities of London, Paris and Rome.
The pages of tho world's history may be challenged to furnish anything more tragical in outline or interesting in detail, than the history of Israel in Egypt and the departure from it, and their journey, all points heing traced and followed on the map, until they reach the promised land.
Scripture Fulfillment .- There is more of Scripture fulfillment in the history of Egypt than can here he given, and only a few points are noticed. The fall of Egypt hegan with the expeditions of the Assyrian kings, Esarhaddon and Nebuchadnezzar, kings of Babylon. Ezekiel describes the terrible devastation of the country hy these kings, in tho 30th chapter of his prophecy. After enu- merating her allies, " those that uphold Egypt," who were destined to fall, he prophecies that she shall he desolated "from Migdol to Syene"-from her northern to her southern border, He states that the destruction should commence in Noph (Memphis), the metropolis, and reach to Pathos, in Upper Egypt. Afterwards a fire should he kindled in Zoan, in Lower Egypt, and the desolation should extend from the city of Sin, on the Mediterranean, to No (Thobes), in Upper Egypt, aud thus all the splondid cities in Lower Egypt should be destroyed. The point of power and terror in theso prophecies is found in their geography. Jeremiah predicts the same overthrow of this great natiou hy the Chaldeans, and fixes the date of its occurrence-after the battle of Carchemish, when tho armies of Pharaoh-Necho were defeated hy the Assyrians, at the gate of the Euphrates. The prophet Nahum refers to it in his threatening against Nineveh : "Art thou (Nineveh) better than populous No (Thehes) that was situate among the rivers, that had the waters round about it ?"
Because secular historians do not mention this expedition of Nebuchadnezzar against Egypt, some sceptical ones have ques- tioned the truthfulness of the Bihle record and fulfillment of the prophecies; hut, as usual, science and discovery have come to the rescue and confirmed the Scriptures, by finding an indubitable monument of the fact in the ruins in old Cairo, which once hore the name of Babylon, showing that the city must have heen huilt hy the Chaldeans, who gave it that name.
Peculiarities of Palestine,-This line of argument might he extended to almost any limit, hut must now be confined to notic- ing a few special features of Palestine. The first view of the country is said hy all to he interesting and exciting in the extreme. Those are the veritablo mountains and plains, rivers and lakes, if not the same oities and trees, of the most interesting country, to the Christian, especially, on the face of the earth. Not so because of its extent, or superior soil or climate, much less for its present advancement in art or civilization -quite the contrary -hut because it is the theater of many of the most important events in the history of man, and particularly because here once pressed the feet of Him who came from heaven, who was at once the son of man and the Son of God. After weeks or months of anxiety, while voyaging across the waters or trudging the burning sands, it is not strange that the first glimpse of the Holy Land should awaken peculiar feelings in the travelor's bosom.
Mediterranean Sea, -The first sight of Palestine is usually caught while rolling on the blue waters of the Mediterranean,
known in Scripture as "The Great Sea." Every part of this sea has heen freighted with unusual interest hy its associations with Bihle history. It is a sea of rich classic memories, too, as Dr. Butler observes ; where, long ere the Anglo-Saxon race was known as a power on earth, there sailed the rich-laden ships of nations that are now in their graves. Here the vessels of Tyre's "mer- ehant princes," when she was the "mart of nations," were found bearing the luxuries of the east to the horders of the Atlantic. Here the fleets of Egypt, of Carthage, of Greece, of Rome, and of the Moslem, sailed, when such names as those of Alexander, and Cleopatra, and Cæsar; and Hannibal, and the Crusaders, filled the ears of the world with their deeds of commerce or of conquest. On these waves the fate of nations has once aud agaiu heen deci- ded, and the horrid trade of war frequently reddened them with human gore. Here Jonah, unfaithful to his mission, sought to fly "from the presence of the Lord," and, ere he could arrest his hlind career, sank into these depths and found himself in the " helly of hell." IIere St. Luke, and Timothy, and Titus, sailed, and here the great apostle of the Gentiles was "in perils of waters," suffered shipwreck, and gained a wonderful deliverance. Within sight of this sea a large portion of the Holy Scripture was written; and, above all, on its eastern shore Immanuel once walked, and from it drew some inimitahle illustrations, when teaching "on the coast of Tyre and Sidon."
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