USA > Indiana > Jay County > Historical hand-atlas, illustrated : containing twelve farm maps, and History of Jay County, Indiana > Part 21
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MASSACHUSETTS AND RHODE ISLAND.
Female College, Boston; and Episcopal Theological School, Cam- bridge. There is a Theological Seminary at Bostou, one at New- ton Centre, and one at Andover. There is a Stato normal school situated at Westfield, Framingham, Salem, aud Bridgewater. Boston and Worcester each have a city normal school. At North- ampton there is an institution for deaf mutes.
Massachusetts has many public institutions, charitable and others. There are two State lunatic hospitals, one of which is located at Worcester aud the other at Taunton. At Somerville, the McLean Asylum for the insane is situated. An excellent mode of treating the unfortunate is here ohserved. Ipswich and Cam- bridge each have an institution where incurably insane paupers are confined. At Westborough there is an institution for tho reformation of juvenile delinquents. The State Prison is located in Charlestown. Almshouses are generously distributed through- out the commonwealth.
Tbe decennial population by counties from 1790 is as follows:
COUNTIES ....
1980
1870
1860
1850
1810
1890
1820
1810
1800
1790
Barnstable.
32774
95990
35276
32549
28514
24026
23211
19299
17354
Berkshire
64827
55120
49591
41745
97895
85720
85907
33885
30291
Bristol
102886
93794
76192
6:161
49592
40008
87168
33880
31709
Dakes
5787
4403
4340
8959
3517
3292
3900
3118
3265
Essex.
200813
165611
131300
94987
82859
74655
71888
61196
57013
Franklin
8:695
31434 57366
90870
28412
37866
81639 80254
26187
76275
52789
46928
42737
Nantucket
4121
6091
8452
9012
7202
7239
6807
5617
$620
Norfolk.
89-119
109950
78892
581-40
411/72
36171
31215
27216
Plymouth
65905
64768
55697
47373
45044
88116
35169
80073
29535
Suffolk
270802
192700
144517
95778
62169
49890
34381
25016
4-1875
Worcester ..
194716
159659
130789
95318
84355
73604
64910
61142
56807
Total
1457351
1231066
994514
737699
610408
523159
472040
422815
378707
According to the censns of 1870 Massachusetts has a population of 1,457,351, of which 13,947 are colored, 151 are Indians, 87 Cbi- nese, and 10 Japanese.
Boston is the chief eity and capital of Massachusetts. In point of commerce, it is second only to New York. As a eity, it is badly laid out and built; but it is one of the best-regulated cities in the world. The second city in point of population is Worces- ter, but Lowell follows elosely after it. The other large aud flourisbing eities are Lawrence, Lynn, Fall River, Springfield, and Salem.
Boston supports 13,179 industrial establishments, wbose aggre- gate capital is $231,986,862, and which afford occupation to 278,861 males, females, and youths; the aggregate wages given being 8118,173,636 annually, the raw materials used costing $334-, 682,188, and the products having a value of $555,445,697. Of Boston manufactures that of eotton goods takes the lead, while woolen goods, boots and shoes, iron work, machinery, and paper rank next, in the order given; the smallest manufactures are those of canned fruits, toys, and hoats. On Sunday, Nov. 9th, 1872, a terrible conflagration destroyed 60 aeres of the finest business por- tion of Boston, inflicting a loss aggregating about $80,000,000.
RHODE ISLAND.
HODE ISLAND, one of the thirteen original members of the R federation, and the smallest state in the Union, is hounded on the north and cast hy Massachusetts, south hy the Atlantic Ocean, and west by Connecticut. It has an area of 1,046 square miles, and in proportion to the number of its inhabitants is with- out a peer in point of wealth. The surface of Rhode Island is generally broken and hilly. Narraganset Bay, which occupies the southeastern quarter of the State, is from three to twelve miles wide, and filled with beautiful islands, tho largest of which, Rhode Island, is fifteen miles long by three to three and one-half miles wide.
History, Government, and Finances .-- Rhode Island was first settled hy Roger Williams, at Providence, in 1636. He bad heen driven from the Massachusetts colony for not thinking as others did on the subject of politics and religion. In 1638, Wil- liam Coddington and eighteen others, to escape religious perseeu- tion, followed Williams, and settled at Newport. Providence was so named by Roger Williams out of gratitude to the Almighty's " kind providence to him in his distress." Most of the early set- tlers were fugitives from religious persecution in the neighhoring colonies. In 1642 a third settlement was formed at Warwick hy a party under Samuel Gorton. Portsmouth was settled hy Cod- dington's party contemporaneously with Newport. In 1643 Wil- liams ohtamed a patent for the sovereignty of Providenee, New- port, and Portsmouth. In 1663 Charles II granted a new charter incorporating tho colouy of "Rhode Island and Providence Plantations." This eharter formed tbe basis of government until
the birth of the present constitution in 1843. In 1842 a party called the "suffrage" party framed a new constitution, aud elect- ing a senate and house of representatives, and Thomas W. Dorr governor, tbey endcavored to muintain their authority by force of arms, but were disporsed hy tho Stato troops. Rhode Island suffered severely from King Philip's war which hroko out in June, 1675. Providence and many other places were burned, and fami- lies slaughtored.
It took an active part iu the Revolution. It resisted the odious Stamp Act with great determination. In 1776 the State was invaded by the British, who occupied Newport soveral years. General Sullivan, aided by a French naval force, made several vain attempts to dislodge the enemy. Toward the oloso of 1779 the enemy withdrew, and in 1780 Rochambeau arrived witb 6,000 Freneh auxiliaries.
Rhode Island was the last of the thirteen States admitted to the Union, having taken no part in the convention which framed tbe National Constitution, and failing to ratify that instrument until 1790. The State furnished 25,355 soldiers to the national army in tbe late war. In the first battle of Bull Run the little State had two regimeuts aud ber governor.
The government of Rhode Island, which is peculiar in some of its features, is founded on the constitution of 1842. The executivo authority is lodged in a governor and lientenant-governor, who are clected annually by the people. The former presides in tbe senate, and receives a salary of $1,000, the latter gets $250. A secretary of state, attorney-general, and treasurer are elected at the same time; an auditor is chosen by the general assembly, and a superintendent of education and an adjutant-general are ap- pointed by the governor. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives. The senate is composed of the governor, tbe lieutenant-governor, and ono member from each eity and town in the State. The bouse of representatives cannot exceed seventy-two members, and consists of one for every 2,200 inhabitants of every town and eity, and one additional memher for every fraction of every town and city exceeding one balf tbe ratio mentioned, Each town is entitled to at least one represen- tative, aud none can have more than twelve. Legislative aets acquire the force of laws without tbe formal approval of the governor.
The legislature holds its regular session at Newport, beginning ou the last Tuesday in May, and an adjourned session at Provi- dence in January. In order to exercise tbe right of suffrage in Rhode Island, it is necessary to own real estate to the value of $134, or rent proper of an annual value of $7. A residence of one year in the State and six months in the town is also required.
In this State criminals ean testify in their own hehalf, and mar- ried women have the control of their separate property not acquired from their hushands.
The judiciary consists of a supreme court, composed of one ehief justice, whose salary is $2500, and tbree associate judges, whose salary is $1,800 each, elected by the general assembly, and hold office until removed hy a resolution of botb houses. The court of common pleas in each of the five counties is held by a singlo judge of the supreme court. Providence, Newport, and Woonsocket have magistrates' courts. The justices are elected hy the general
assembly for one year.
Climate and Soil .- Tbe elimate of Rhode Island is mild, owing to the proximity of the State to the sea, which tempers tbe sever- ity of winter aud mitigates the beats of summer. It is said to resemble that of England.
The soil is moderately fertile, but in many parts it is rough and difficult of eultivation. During the Revolutionary War, while the island of Rbode Island was iu possession of the British, it was entirely stripped of its forest trees. The soil of the islands is bet- ter than that of the main land, Several small rivers, as tho Paw- tucket, Pawtuxet, Parocatuck, etc., rising in the bills of Massachu- setts, flow into Narragauset Bay, and their frequent falls afford water-power to numerous manufacturing villages.
Geology and Mineralogy .- The formation is cbiefly of pri- mary stratified and unstratified rocks, with somo coal of a poor quality, iron, limestone, and marhle. Iron, eopper, marhle, and freestone are among the minerals ; and tbere aro oxtensive beds of anthracite coal; but this, though good, has been littlo wrought.
Products, Commerce, and Manufactures. The population is chiefly engaged in trade and manufactures. There are in the State 147 cotton, 68 woolen, 33 iron factories; and a large coasting trade and considerable fisheries are carried on. Five railways and several steamboat lines connect the chief towns with Massachusetts, Connecticut and New York,
Rye, harley, oats, and in some places whcat, are produced in quantities sufficient for home consumption ; cider is made for exportation ; artificial grasses are raised in large quantities, and cattle of a good breed; but the inbahitants generally have applied
.
41488
87829
85199
80897
Middleses
274353
216354
161883
106611
77961
61172
29501
09269
28021
Hampden Hampshire
78109
51299
5968
.
83
RHODE ISLAND AND CONNECTICUT.
themselves more te commerce, the fisheries, and manufactures, than to agriculture. The principal manufactures are cotten and woelen goeds, leather, hardware, and machinery; there are also calico printing and bleaching works, and numerous iron foundries.
There are 289,030 acres of improved land, and 169,399 acres of woedland in the State. The present cash value of the farms is $21,574,968 ; value of manufactures, $111,418,354.
Education, etc .- The beard of education consists of the gov- eruor, lieutenant-governor, aud six elective members. There are thirty-two town superintendents who are elected hy the people, and receive salaries of from $50 to $2,500 a year. The sum of $90,000 is annually appropriated for public schools. The sexes attend school together in all the schools except the Providence High School. Children employed in manufactories are compelled to attend school at least four months a ycar. The scheol popula- tion of the State is 56,934, and the average attendance is 22,444. There are 450 school-houses in the State, and a normal school, situated at Providence, and one at Bristol. At Providence there is a free polytechnic institute, and most of the large towns lave evening schools. Brown University is located at Providence, and is a leading institution. There are thirty-four towns and cities in Rhode Island, and all of them support high schools. The State Prison is located at Providence, as is also the Butler Hospital for the insane. The convicts in the prison are chiefly employed in cabinet work. The State farm establishment has reformatories for criminals, and asylums for the insane.
The deceunial population of Rhode Island, hy counties, from 1790, is as follows:
COUNTIES.
1890
1870
1860
1830
1840
1830
1820
1810
1800
1790
Bristol.
9421
6027
8514
6476
54-16
5637
5072
3801
3211
Kent
18595
11803
15063
18043
19789
10227
9834
8187
8848
Newport.
20050
21896
20007
16874
16535
15770
16244
14845
14300
Providence Washington
149190
107799
87526
58078
47018
35699
80769
25851
24391
20097
18715
16430
14321
15:11
15683
14962
16185
18075
Total ...
217853
174620
147545
108830
97190
83015
76931
69192
68825
According to the census of 1870 the population of Rhode Island was 217,353, of which 4,980 were colored, and 154 Indians,
The two chief cities of tho State are Providence and Newport, both capitals. Providence is one of the most active manufactur- ing and commercial cities of the United States. Next to Boston it is the wealthiest and most populous city in New England, and in proportion to its population is probably the richest city in the country. Newport, situated on Rhode Island, has a fine harhor and considerable commerce, and is one of the most fashionahle watering-places in America. Pawtucket and Woonsocket are hoth flourishing manufacturing towns.
CONNECTICUT.
CONNECTICUT, one of the original thirteen States, is situated between latitude 40deg. and 42deg. 3min. north, and longi- tude 71deg. 55min, and 73deg, 50min. west, and is hounded on the north by Massachusetts, east hy Rhode Island, south hy Long Island Sound, and west hy New York. It has an area of 4,674 square miles, or 2,991,360 acres.
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