Historical hand-atlas, illustrated : containing twelve farm maps, and History of Jay County, Indiana, Part 7

Author: H.H. Hardesty (Firm)
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Chicago : H.H. Hardesty
Number of Pages: 288


USA > Indiana > Jay County > Historical hand-atlas, illustrated : containing twelve farm maps, and History of Jay County, Indiana > Part 7


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The voyage along the coast gives a fine profile of the country, and it is a constant surprise to visitors to find it so hilly, and the water-courses such deep indentations in the land. Long hefore reaching the harhor tho lofty peaks of Mt. Lehanon may he seen, lifting their snow capped heads ten thousand feet above the level of the sea. The snow upon its sunumit never melts hut in tho hottest months of summer, while some remains all the year round in places which the sun's rays cannot reach, From hase to summit it carries the climate of the various zones. The Arabians say of this mountain, thal "winter rests on its head, spring plays upon its shoulders, while summer slumbers at its feet."


Mountains of the Bible .- "Let them which are in Judea flee to the mountains." Each one of these is charged with thrilling interest, and each holds in its rocky hosom the testimony to the truth !


Mr. ARARAT, whereon the ark rested, rises to the height of 17,200 feet. It was ascended, after great toil, by Professor Parrott, in 1829, probably then trodden by tbe foot of man for the first time since Noah stepped upon it from the ark to survey the deso- lations of a deluged world, MT. CARMEL, the hold promontory on the Mediterranean coast, forming the hay of Acre, is the termina- tion of a range six miles long, and whose highest peak is 800 feet. Its summit was the scene of a trial between Elijah and eight hun- dred prophets of a false divinity, as to whether Jehovah or Baal was the true God. MTS. EBAL and GERIZIM, in Samaria, rise ahout 800 feet above the level of the plain, having a valley less than one thousand feet in width hetween them, Here was performed the grand ceremony of reciting alternately the hlessings and curses of the law hy the priests, while the people in the valley hetween responded with a thundering "Amen,"' MT. HOR, rising 3,000 feet, was the scene of Aaron's death. MT. TABOR, a beautiful mountain, standing alone in the horder of the great plain, south of Nazareth, was the traditional spot where the Savior was trans- figured before his disciples, hut later investigations give the honor of that sublimo event to another place. MT. SINAI, a wild, deso- late region of peaks and precipices, ravines and water-courses, was a fitting place for the startling transactions there, where "the Lord descended in fire," and gave his law to Moses and to man. Mr. HERMON, the prominent, grand, snowy peak of Lebanon, was, heyond doubt, the scene of the transhguration, where saints and disciples met to hold converse with Him who helonged to both worlds! Mr. MORIAH is made immortal as tho spot where Ahra- ham offered Isaac in faith, afterward one of the hills on which Jerusalem was huilt, the site of Solomon's Temple, the veritahle Calvary, where a greater than Isaac was offered up and not released, hut died, cut off for sins, hut not his own. MT. ZION, many times referred to in the Scriptures as the " holy hill," beauti- ful for situation, was another of the four hills upon which Jerusa- lem was built. The MOUNT OF OLIVES, deriving its name from tho number and heauty of its olive trees, sacred as the frequent resort of our Savior for meditation and prayer, is to-day the burial place of the Jews in Palestine. The graceful Tahor and lofty Hermon are selected hy the psalmist as the representatives of all the mountains of the Bible (Psalm 89, 12). The reader and lover of the Bible should become familiar with the location and history of every one of theso mountains, for they speak important truths through the silence of tho ages.


Trees of the Bible .- Even the trees of the Bihle are monu- ments of the events recorded in the Book. The name of "Moreh" was given to an oak near Shechem, where Abraham first halted


28


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Longitude West from Washington


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" Longitude East from Insulingio, Luke


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60º


68 41


Longitude West from Greenwich


River aux


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R


Martintorino Lanceiler


Frankinuna. 06 Winchester


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15


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25


29


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60 70 80


2


30


THE BIBLE VERIFIED-Continued.


when he entered Canaan. The people of Palestine held the oak and terebinth in very high esteem. "They held counsels beneath their branches, erected altars there, and there buried their dis- tinguished dead. This would often give propor names to the trees, as Allon-Bachuth, "oak of weeping," at Bethel, where Deborah was buried. Many other instances will be recalled, illus- trating the historical argument. Trees furnished the subject of many striking comparisons in the Old Testament, to illustrate the character of men, and in the New Testament the beautiful para- bles of Him who spake as never man spake.


Plea for Progress .- If there is one cause ahove another that demands the use of the best means in accomplishing its intended purposes, that cause would seem to he that of reading and teach- ing the sacred Scriptures, whether is considered the interest that attends the Word itself, or the important ends to he compassed on the minds and hearts of men, But progress in this direction has not always kept pace with the wonderful activities of the age in other respects.


It was remarked hy our Savior, in his time, that the children of this world are wiser in their generation than the children of light. It is a reproach upon christian people in this day that all mere worldly enterprises are pushed forward with so much more vigor and sagacity than are exhibited iu efforts of a religious character, This disparity is nowhere more painfully apparent than in the means respectively employed in secular and religious education. Spiritual culture is a product, of which the Sahbath School has hecome a factor, hardly less important than the pulpit itself ; hut in efficiency and methods it compares hut poorly with institutions for general education. In secular schools, in teaching that wisdom which is "foolishness with God," we secure the most experienced and accomplished teacbers; and the latest and hest productions in text-books and apparatus are carefully and judiciously selected, Under such wise management our public and secular schools have hecome models of classification, system, method ; and their useful- ness has kept even pace with their discipline. The Sabhath School and religious instruction do not always show the same wise adapt- ation of means to ends. A want of tborough organization and classification, and inefficient teaching, and most wretched facilities for Bible study, with a general looseness and lack of system in every part of the school, are some of its most common faults.


Literature .- There is, perhaps, no feature of the Sahbath School that has heen more sharply criticised than its literature; and there is much justice in the criticism. The catechism, with its carefully prepared formulas, has heen set aside, it may he wisely, but its place has been too often filled with a very poor quality of fiction. While it is true that much of Sabbath School literature is "pow- erful weak," yet it is also truc that much criticism of this, as of other things, may he given that is mere captious fault-finding, pointing out defects without suggesting improvements, The library, and all pertaining to its literature, is an important adjunct of the Sahhath School; and such a useful agency should not he thrown away hecause it has sometimes heen abused. This will apply to every system of Lesson Helps, to periodical publications and to apparatus, as well as to library hooks, maps, etc.


It should never he forgotten that the office of the Sahbath School, of the christian family, and of the church as well, is to impart religious instruction, and to this end to teach an accurate and familiar knowledge of the Scriptures. The BIBLE, therefore, should he the hook in every Sunday School library ; and all other hooks and helps should he regarded as valuable in proportion to their tendency and ability to illustrate and attract toward its pages. There is a place in the Sabhath School for every hook, picture, chart, map, or other appliance, which makes more vivid the story of the life and death of our Savior, or which helps to explain the history, trials and conquests of his people. With a little care the trash may he supplanted with works of this character.


A prominent reason why more of the valuable and profitable has not taken the place of the worthless in our Sunday Schools and families, is a want of care in looking for the best things of this kind, and, what is more, a certain false economy - shall we say downright penuriousness ?- that makes the fatal mistake of huying things that are cheap. Happily the mistake is heing dis- covered, and as hetter counsels prevail, there will be a demand for that which is fresh and really good, even at a larger price, know- ing that in these things, as in anything else, "the best is always the cheapest." The growing demand is producing the supply, and some really excellent things are being now put before the world, and cheap, too, not in the sense of heing of very little cost and of less value, but of a rich return for the money invested, for that which has cost much of time and research to prepare. In pages following there is reference to a production of this kind, which needs only to be seen to he appreciated and approved.


The great importance of this subject-so often overlooked or unappreciated-of heing familiar with the country and customs


where the Scriptures were written, is the apology, if one were necessary, of dwelling so long upon this theme, and pointing out the helps to succeed in it.


In this view the author of these pages stands not alone, hut is confirmed hy the most eminent scholars and travelers. Since the foregoing was written there fell under the author's eye some thoughts in the same line, from an eminent scholar and author in his "Notes of Travel Through Bihle Lands," which are so appro- priate to the subject now in hand, that they are here made to serve a double part.


Real Eastern Life, -Tbe progress of actual travel, says our learned traveler, in the Orient, is slow; hut not too slow for enjoy- ment and instruction. A whole day is required for a distance that can be traversed hy railway in an hour. The mode of travel- ing in the Desert, the Holy Land, and in parts of Egypt, is the same as in the days of the patriarchs, more than three thousand years ago; and that is one of its peculiar charms, which will be broken when modern civilization shall have penetrated the East, hut which helps to preserve the reality of that country to us through the passing, changing ages. We engage a dragoman, who provides the outfit and acts as interpreter between the trav- eler and the Arab servants. We take with us a caravan of Bedouin, with tents, provision, and cooking apparatus. There are no turn- pikes, no carriages, no hotels, except a few in the large cities, kept by Europeans. The Arab inns, or khans, are destitute of all com- forts required hy civilized people.


Habits of Orientals .- In the Orient all is primitive and novel to Europeans and Americans. Their first impression is wonder- ment at the strange sights of men and tbings, which appear to them like a masquerade or fancy fair gotten up for their amuse- ment. The Orientals, judged by Western habits, do everything the wrong way ; they eat with the fingers; they sit, not on chairs, hut cross-legged on the floor, or the earth; they keep their women veiled and out of public sight; they write on their knees, and from right to left; they take off their shoes in the mosk, or church, and keep on their caps; their tools, as saw or plane, they draw toward them, instead of push, Any scrap of cotton, or linen, or silk, of any color; a blanket, a shawl, a sash, a shirt, loosely thrown over the hody, serves them as a dress; hut tbey always look picturesque, and have a native courtesy and dignity which contrast favorably with their otherwise degraded and heg- garly condition.


Modern civilization is monotonous; it has a tendency to level distinctious and to impress a uniform type upon men of all classes of society ; it sets up the dumh idol of fashion, which rules supreme over crowned monarchs and republican presidents. In the East there is much more independence and variety ; there the Arah, the Turk, the Armenian, the Maronite, the Copt, the Jew, the Nuhian, the Bedouin, the dervish, the priest, the official, the merchant, the mechanic, the harher, the dragoman, the donkey-hoy, the runner, the singer, the serpent-charmer, the fruit-seller, the water-carrier, the slave, the beggar,- all appear in their distinct individuality and costume; each consults his own taste or whim, and is never disturhed hy the ever-changing fashions of Paris.


What is the use of traveling in the East ? queries some reader. Does it repay for all the time, the money, the fatigue, the vexa- tion and annoyance inseparable from it? The ready answer is, the benefit of travel depends upon the disposition and preparation of the traveler. Such preparation is especially necessary in the East. Multitudes of travelers return as ignorant and empty as when they start; while others, from the study of hooks, may hecome as familiar with foreign nations and countries as with their own. The more knowledge the traveler carries out with him, the more he will bring back.


Substitute for Travel .- Fortunately, it is not necessary for the majority of readers to visit Bible lands in order to understand the Bible, any more than it is necessary for them to know Greek and Hehrew. Some of the hest Biblical scholars and commenta- tors never visited the Holy Land. Dean Howson prepared the geographical sections which gave the great work, " Life and Epis- tles of St. Paul," such a wide popularity, wholly from hooks, Even the founder of the science of comparative geography, Carl Ritter, never saw Palestine and the Sinaitic Peninsula, which he so fully and so accurately described,


But, after all, it is an inestimable advantage to see with one's own eyes the birth-places of the authors of the Sacred Writings, and their surroundings, the scene where the astounding events of the Bihle transpired, and to he able to speak from personal ohserva- tion and experience. Manners and customs are so stationary in that country that you are transferred as hy magic to the age of the apostles, the prophets, the patriarchs, for you see many things yet existing just as they were in those days. A flood of light is thrown on the meaning of many passages which appear strange at a distance, hut quite natural on the spot. A proper study of the


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THE BIBLE VERIFIED-Continued.


geography and history, the customs and people, the time and cir- cumstances under which the events transpired that are recorded in the Scriptures, makes it almost as real to the reader as seeing it for himself hy travels in the Holy Land. A thoughtful traveler fills his memory with a gallery of photographic pictures more valuable than hooks, and yet he reproduces those scenes in a serios of views in hooks and maps, to make the scenes almost as vivid to the reader or student as they are to himself. Afterward, when- ever he reads of tlie visits of Ahraham, Joseph, and Jacob to Egypt, of the miracles of Moses, of the wanderings of the Israel- ites, of Hehron, Bethlehem, Nazareth, the Dead Sea, the river Jordan, the lake of Gennesaret, Mt. Hermon, the cedars of Lebanon, Jerusalem, Bethany, Getliscmane, Calvary, Mt. Olivet, the places are familiar to him and the scenes rise up hefore his mental eye with a vividness which they never had hefore.


The present ruinous condition of those countries may diminish the poetry, hut the impression of the reality is only deepened by the view around us. Palestine has been termed, and not inaptly, "the fifth Gospel;" ils present condition is a comment on the truth of the whole. It is the framework in which the canonical Gospels are set. Perfect familiarity with the country and its his- tory and customs is of more practical value in Bihle interpretation, to make it natural and attractive, than a course of lectures from learned professors in Berlin or Oxford, valuable as they may he. The best thing, of course, is to combine the most thorough theo- retical study with personal ohservation on the spot; but this cau be enjoyed hy only a favored few, wbose time and means will allow them such a privilege; yet any reader can now enjoy tbe benefit of the travels and observations of those who bave visited the place, by the outlay of a very small amount of either time or money, if he has the ambition and energy to use wbat others have prepared and written for his good. A sound and correct histori- cal understanding of the Bihle has gained much from the researches of scholarly travelers, and will gain still more in time to come. The Holy Scriptures have a human body, as well as a divine soul ; they strike their roots deep in the soil from which they sprang, wbile their ideas soar to heaven ; they are thoroughly oriental, and yet wonderfully adapted for all mankind and in all ages of the world.


The Wants Met. - There can be no question hut that the essential conditions spoken of in the preceding pages are chiefly met, more fully than anywhere else, in the set of MAPS that have just heen published hy Mr. H. H. Hardesty, the experienced map publisher of Toledo and Chicago, and which are inserted in this work.


This is a valuable addition to a family work of this kind, some- thing entirely new, no such feature being found in any other puhlieation. Careful attention is invited to the following points in regard to the maps :




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